2005 Annual Report of GEM - Iowa State Universityusda-gem/GEM_Annual_Reports/GEM_AR_1… · and from GEMS-0147, ... Families induced in summer 2014 include Cuba 164, Amargo-ARZM 03

1

2014 Annual Report of the GEM Project, Ames, IA and Raleigh, NC

PERSONNEL:

Ames: USDA-ARS Plant Introduction Research Raleigh: USDA-ARS Plant Science

Res.

GEM Coordinator and Maize Geneticist, Vacant Dr. Matt Krakowsky, Southeast GEM

Coord.

Michael Peters, GEM Technician, New, Feb 2014 Dale Dowden, Agricultural Research

Technician

Fred Engstrom, GEM Technician Dr. Peter Balint-Kurti, Research Geneticist

Dr. Mack Shen, IT Specialist Dr. Jim Holland, Maize Research Geneticist

Adam Vanous, Iowa State University, Ph.D. student Dr. David Marshall, Research Leader

Dr. Candice Gardner, Research Leader Raleigh: North Carolina State University

Dr. Major Goodman, William Neal

Reynolds Distinguished Professor

GEM- Ames 2014 Highlights (Dr. Candice Gardner)

Midwest Germplasm releases and development:

Two hundred sixty-nine (269) GEM releases are now available to GEM Cooperators.

Ten GEM lines from the Ames program are proposed for release to GEM Cooperators for the

2015 planting year (Table 1). Yield data, and NIR results for protein, oil, and starch can be

found online and in the handout for 2015 released lines. Pedigree, race, percent exotic,

heterotic background, agronomic characteristics, and NIR information are presented in Tables

1-3. Six of the ten releases are second cycle GEM lines from GEMN-0097, -0140, -0155,

and from GEMS-0147, -0175, and -0180. Their parent lines derive from races that were

collected at one time from Argentina, the British Virgin Islands, Brazil, Guatemala and

Thailand. The remaining new releases derive from Brazilian and Thai germplasm. All new

codes have respectable scores for Fusarium ear mold and for grain quality.

Table 1. 2015 Ames-GEM Germplasm Releases (10)

GEM Code Pedigree Race Type

Het

Grp

GEMN-0260 (GEMN-0140/GEMN-0097)-B-B-026-B-B Dente Amarillo/FS8BT 25% Tropical NS

GEMN-0261 (GEMN-0140/GEMN-0097)-B-B-027-B-B Dente Amarillo/FS8BT 25% Tropical NS

GEMS-0262

(GEMS-0147/GEMS-0180)-B-104-001-B-

B Suwan/Tusón 25% Tropical SS

GEMS-0263 BR105:S1626(GEMS-0175)-B-049-B-B Composite Suwan/Tusón 25% Tropical SS

GEMS-0264 BR105:S1643-078-001-B-B Composite Suwan 25% Tropical SS

GEMS-0265 DKXL212:S0950-B-083-B-B Hybrid Tropical 25% Tropical SS

GEMN-0266 NEI9008:N0826(GEMN-0155)-B-074-B-B Suwan/Cristalino Colorado 25% Tropical NS

GEMN-0267 NEI9008:N0826(GEMN-0155)-B-095-B-B Suwan/Cristalino Colorado 25% Tropical NS

GEMS-0268 NS1:S0852-B-021-B-B Suwan 25% Tropical SS

GEMS-0269 NS1:S0852-B-054-B-B Suwan 25% Tropical SS

2

Table 2: Summary of the 10 GEM Ames Released Lines for 2015

GEM Code Cob Color Grain color

Grain

Texture

GEMN-0260 White Pale Yellow Medium Dent

GEMN-0261 White Pale Yellow Medium Dent

GEMS-0262 R&W Bright Yellow Dent

GEMS-0263 White Orange/Yellow Semi-Flint

GEMS-0264 White Yellow Semi-Flint

GEMS-0265 Red Yellow Dent

GEMN-0266 Red Orange Semi-Flint

GEMN-0267 Red Yellow Dent

GEMS-0268 White Yellow Medium Dent

GEMS-0269 Red Yellow Medium Dent

Table 3: Topcross Maturity of 2015 Ames-GEM Germplasm Releases

Top Cross RM & Ear Height Estimates

Average

GEM Code Pedigree

Estimated

RM

Ear

Height

(cm)

GEMN-0260 (GEMN-0140/GEMN-0097)-B-B-026 110 110

GEMN-0261 (GEMN-0140/GEMN-0097)-B-B-027 110 90

GEMS-0262 (GEMS-0147/GEMS-0180)-B-104-001 119 100

GEMS-0263 BR105:S1626(GEMS-0175)-B-049 116 110

GEMS-0264 BR105:S1643-078-001 116 110

GEMS-0265 DKXL212:S0950-B-083 116 110

GEMN-0266 NEI9008:N0826(GEMN-0155)-B-074 116 130

GEMN-0267 NEI9008:N0826(GEMN-0155)-B-095 115 120

GEMS-0268 NS1:S0852-B-021 118 115

GEMS-0269 NS1:S0852-B-054 113 95

Hybrid Checks

HC33xLH287 109 110

MBS3633xMBS8814 113 125

LH200xLH262 118 140

34R65 ~109 105

33F85 ~114 110

31D58 ~119 100

Summary tables of the newly released lines performance in testcross can be found in the section

of this book tabbed ‘Released Lines.’

3

Whole grain composition analysis was generated using an NIR Infratech 1241 with sample

transport module in Dr. Paul Scott’s lab (USDA-ARS CICGRU). Samples were obtained from a

bulk of at least 8 ears from self pollinated rows, and are presented in Table 2.

Table 4. Two Year Flowering & NIR Trait Data of 2015 GEM-Ames Line Releases

Lines per se Data NIR Data 2014

GEM

Code Pedigree

Days

to

Pollin-

ation

GDU's

to

Pollin-

ation Protein Oil

Star

ch

Densi

ty

GEMN-0260 (GEMN-0140/GEMN-0097)-B-B-026-B-B 64 1287 8.3 2.9 61.4 1.2

GEMN-0261 (GEMN-0140/GEMN-0097)-B-B-027-B-B 68 1374 8.3 3.1 61.0 1.2

GEMS-0262 (GEMS-0147/GEMS-0180)-B-104-001-B-B 69 1401 8.7 3.1 61.2 1.4

GEMS-0263 BR105:S1626(GEMS-0175)-B-049-B-B 71 1436 11.2 4.0 57.7 1.4

GEMS-0264 BR105:S1643-078-001-B-B 71 1436 10.9 3.6 58.5 1.4

GEMS-0265 DKXL212:S0950-B-083-B-B 67 1352 9.8 3.7 59.1 1.3

GEMN-0266 NEI9008:N0826(GEMN-0155)-B-074-B-B 73 1469 9.4 3.4 60.1 1.3

GEMN-0267 NEI9008:N0826(GEMN-0155)-B-095-B-B 71 1436 10.3 3.4 59.3 1.4

GEMS-0268 NS1:S0852-B-021-B-B 71 1436 8.5 3.4 60.8 1.3

GEMS-0269 NS1:S0852-B-054-B-B 66 1334 10.6 3.2 59.2 1.3

B73 70 1419

2014 Research & Breeding Activities

A second year trial of 400 top crosses of BC1S2 generation families of CUBA164xB73) x B73

and CUBA164xPHB47) x PHB47 were planted in yield trials at four locations at low,

medium, and high population densities, collaborative research with Dr. Jode Edwards. This

research is designed to provide a better understanding of the effects of exotic alleles from

CUBA164, particularly for response to high plant density, and is part of an MS thesis study.

Eighty eight new breeding crosses were made in the Ames nursery. GEM Cooperators made

15 additional breeding crosses as part of their in kind support.

Twelve new breeding cross populations were assigned to Cooperators for in kind support.

Twelve families of single seed descent (SSD) balanced bulks were advanced to S2 in Ames,

and two were advanced by Cooperators.

Twenty-two populations of BC1’s were sibbed in Puerto Rico in January 2013 as a result of

TSG member support. The BC1-sib1 generation was returned to Ames and random mated a

second generation in 2013 to generate the BC1-sib2. Four family sets of the random mated

populations (BC1-sib1 and BC1-sib2 and the original BC1’s were induced in 2014 in Ames to

generate haploids, as well as advanced conventionally. This study was designed to compare

the frequency of exotic alleles in doubled haploid lines developed directly from the BC1 vs.

from BC1’s random mated for one or two generations, and similarly from conventionally

derived lines. Families induced in summer 2014 include Cuba 164, Amargo-ARZM 03 014,

Tusón-CUB 67, and Tusón-BAI III, all with the PHB47 recurrent parent.

Ph.D. student Adam Vanous' research objectives are to utilize 1) selection mapping to dissect

the genetic architecture of adaptation from the tropics to the U.S. Corn Belt (mass selected

populations), and 2) association mapping to dissect the genetic architecture of flowering time

and photoperiod response in exotic derived DH lines. Three tropical landraces, Tusón

4

(Hallauer, 1999), Tuxpeño (Hallauer, 1994), and Suwan-1, are the sources of exotic

germplasm that have undergone pre-breeding and were adapted to the Midwest Corn Belt

through recurrent mass selection on the basis of early female flowering. Two hundred-fifty-

two BC1F1 derived doubled haploids (DH) lines represent the backcross method of

introgression. Current and novel mapping techniques will be used to indentify loci associated

with early flowering time in maize.

Host Plant Resistance:

2014 disease data will be posted online at our website (http://www.public.iastate.edu/~usda-

gem/) in January. Pathology and entomology research collaborators from the private and public

sectors screened GEM lines, top crosses, and breeding crosses for Northern Leaf Blight (NLB),

Southern Leaf Blight (SLB), Goss’s Wilt, Gray Leafspot (GLS), Diplodia ear rot (DIPPER),

Aspergillus (aflatoxin and other mycotoxins), Corn ear worm (CEW), Fall Armyworm (FAW),

and Western corn root worm (WCR). Please see the quality traits sections regarding ear mold and

mycotoxin studies.

A wet spring and excessive rain events followed by the dry summer impacted data collection and

resulted in some missing plots, but less so than in recent years. Appreciation is extended for the

in-kind support and extensive efforts by private and public GEM Cooperators:

CAAS (Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science) provided agronomic evaluations and

disease ratings for various leaf blights including MRDV, Fusarium ear mold, and for common

smut.

DuPont/Pioneer Hi-Bred International (Bill Dolezal at Johnston, IA, and Mark Mancl at

Woodland, CA) .NLB or DIPPER data were collected at Johnston and Fusarium ear rot and

Head Smut were successfully evaluated at Woodland, CA,.

Professional Seed Research (Jim Dodd) for their efforts collecting data on Goss’Wilt,

Eyespot, GLS, NLB, and SLB.

3rd

Millennium Genetics (Ed and Raechel Baumgartner) for tropical insect evaluations on

GEM lines in Puerto Rico which was particularly helpful to identify some material for Fall

Armyworm (see Table following public cooperator reports).

USDA-ARS-CGBRU (Xinzhi Ni) in Tifton, GA collected data for Corn ear worm (CEW),

and Fall Armyworm.

USDA-ARS-PSRU in Raleigh, NC provided data for SLB (Peter Balint-Kurti) and Fusarium

ear rot (Jim Holland).

USDA-ARS-PGRU, Columbia, MO (Bruce Hibbard) evaluated corn rootworm (CRW)

USDA-ARS-CHPRRU, Mississippi State, MS (Paul Williams and Gary Windham) evaluated

aflatoxin in grain.

Second year host plant resistance evaluation data (2014) will be posted to our website under

“GEM Germplasm Releases and Key Traits”. Unfortunately, there has not been time to review

1st and 2

nd year data together at the time of this report. Appended to the end of this document are

tables from P. Williams on evaluations of germplasm for aflatoxin, and from E. and R.

Baumgartner for fall armyworm evaluation trials.

Ames 2014 Allelic Diversity (AD) and Double Haploids (DH):

The Iowa State University Doubled Haploid Facility continues to partner with the GEM

Project on development of DH lines. Approximately 204 lines (representing ~52 races) were

jointly released by ISU and USDA-ARS in 2014 as part of the Allelic Diversity Project. The

DH lines provide unique genetic resources for a wide variety of maize research applications.

Twenty sets of the doubled haploid released lines were distributed to requestors, and a subset

of lines to those who wished to narrowly targeted their requests. Another seed increase was

made of the 204 DH lines this summer, and phenotypic information was collected in Ames.

http://www.public.iastate.edu/~usda-gem/

http://www.public.iastate.edu/~usda-gem/

5

Approximately 237 new DH lines (DH0) were advanced to DH1 in 2014. This was part of

Andrew Smelser’s thesis research to study the rate of induction and doubling with exotic

germplasm from the allelic diversity project.

Self pollinations were made in 580 rows ranging from BC1F5 to BC1F6 allelic diversity

project germplasm to generate the BC1F6 to BC1F7 generations. This effort is part of the GEM

allelic diversity project but information will be used in various thesis research projects

Ames 2014 Yield Test, Nursery and Other Highlights:

Approximately 15,370 plots (2,530 entries) were managed or coordinated through Ames in

2014 (increase of more than 50% over 2013).

Among these, 470 entries (18.6%) were in 2nd year and 2,060 entries were in 1st year trials.

Two hundred and two (202) top crosses out of 2,530 entries exceeded the mean yield of the

check hybrids in Midwest trials in 2014. Of the 202 hybrids that exceeded the mean, 142

were from first year trials, and 60 from second year trials.

Approximately 7,460 nursery rows for pollination, over 300 for observation, and 1,880

isolation rows were managed by Ames.

One hundred new breeding crosses were observed and evaluated for breeding potential in

Ames, IA, Ft. Branch, IN (AgReliant), and Memphis, TN (G&S Crop Services). Of these

100, 44 had above average scores at all three locations; 28 scored >6.0 on a 1-9 scale and will

be considered for development.

Quality Traits (including grain mold/mycotoxin):

The newly released GEM lines were not noteworthy for protein, oil or starch traits.

An unreleased line, AR17056:S1217-B-001-B showed segregation in the next generation of

harvested ears for a waxy trait. This line was not sufficiently high performing to release, but

is available to interested cooperators.

Aflatoxin analyses show six breeding crosses with very low, promising levels of aflatoxin

(Appendix Table 1). The report by Paul Williams and Gary Windham will be available

online.

Three newly released lines were evaluated favorably for Fusarium ear mold.

New GEM Cooperators in 2014:

One new private U.S. Cooperator joined the GEM Project in 2014; Summit Genetics (in

cooperation with KMR) conducted yield trials in Stanton and Takama, Nebraska.

New international cooperators include Global Investors, LLLP, of Des Moines, IA with their

partner companies Misr Hytech (Cairo, Egypt) and Hytech Seed India Pvt. Ltd.

(Hyderabad, India). These international cooperators have already provided valuable

information on GEM germplasm resistant to late wilt in their respective environments,

and will continue to screen germplasm for late wilt, southern rust, and other diseases as

opportunities are presented.

6

2014 Annual Report of the GEM Project

GEM-Raleigh Highlights Germplasm releases:

Seven GEM lines from the Raleigh program are recommended for release to GEM

Cooperators for 2015. Yield data can be found in this book or on the GEM website and

additional agronomic data can be found in the table at the end of this report. Releases

include two lines derived from Dekalb tropical hybrids, two from Florida Synthetic B,

one from a Suwan synthetic, one from Tuxpeno and one from St Croix.

GEM code Pedigree Race Country Type Heterotic

pattern

GEMS-0253 DK212T:S0640-034-002 Tropical hybrid Thailand 25%

Tropical SSS

GEMN-0254 FS8B(T):N11a-225-002 Mixed population USA 50%

Subtropical NSSS

GEMS-0255 FS8B(S):S03-133-002 Mixed population USA 50%

Subtropical SSS

GEMS-0256 NS1:S0834-006-002 Suwan Thailand 25%

Tropical SSS

GEMN-0257 CHIS462:N08d-013-001 Tuxpeño Mexico 50%

Tropical NSSS

GEMS-0258 DKB830:S19-009-004 Tropical hybrid Mexico 50%

Tropical SSS

GEMN-0259 SCR01:N11c-015-002 St. Croix St. Croix 50%

Tropical NSSS

Germplasm development:

Overall 2500 GEM nursery plots and 700 GEM isolation plots were grown in Clayton,

NC, with additional GEM-related nursery managed by Major Goodman.

S1 families were developed from nine breeding crosses: 89291:(LH51), 89291:(LH59),

BR51039:N15, BR51039:S15, BR51675:D27S21, BVIR155:S20, GEMN-0097/GEM-

0104, NS1:(GEMN-0097), and NS1:(GEMS-0115).

Families from eight GEM breeding crosses were advanced from S1 to S2: BR106:(GEMN-

0097), BR106:N42, BR106:S42, BR51501:N11a, BR51501:S11a, BR51721:S20,

GUAT209:N19, PASCO14:S11.

Eighteen GEM x GEM F1 combinations were produced based on yield trial data.

Approximately 140 new breeding crosses were developed between tropical hybrids

(ATL100, SX1078 and SX2788 from Brazil) or tropical inbreds (89291 from IITA-

Cameroon; CML277, CML313, CML339, CML340, CML343, CML395, CML423,

CML438, CML494 and La Posta Sequia C7 F71-1-1-1-2-B*3 from CIMMYT and

CA34502 and CA00370 from CIMMYT-Asia; N3-2-3-3 from Zimbabwe) and GEM-

Ames releases (GEMN-0048, GEMN-0097, GEMS-0113, GEMN-0158, GEMS-0175,

GEMS-0200, GEMS-0220) and ex-PVPs (AS5707, DKF118, DKMM402A, LH195,

LH197, LH210, NK787, NKW8555, NS701 and PHN46). Both groups were selected

based on performance in yield trials.

Germplasm Evaluation in 2014:

7

Overall, 11,700 yield plots were coordinated from Raleigh, with 7300 planted in NC and the

rest planted by seven cooperators at various locations throughout the Southeast and

Midwest.

Thirty-three entries were evaluated at eighteen locations in third-year trials (EXR1 and

EXS8; see Yield Trials section)

Fifty entries were evaluated in second-year trials, approximately twenty of which will be

evaluated in third-year trials in 2015.

162 entries were evaluated in first-year trials, fifty-eight of which will be evaluated in

second-year trials in 2015.

Evaluations of GEM releases from Raleigh and Ames were conducted in two experiments

(EXP8 and EXP9) for the third year to identify lines with the best potential for use in GEM

x GEM crosses. EXP8 (releases from Raleigh) was planted at locations in the southern Corn

Belt and southeast, while EXP9 (releases from Ames) was planted in North Carolina and the

Corn Belt. A subset of the best performing GEM lines from the 2010 and 2011 trials (EX26-

EX29) were planted in the 2014 trials along with more recent releases. Ex-PVPs were

included in both trials for comparisons with GEM releases (see Yield Trials section).

Breeding crosses were evaluated per se in the Raleigh nursery (see Breeding Crosses

section).

Ex-PVP inbreds were evaluated by Major Goodman at five locations in North Carolina and

results for three trials conducted over three years (EXA2), two years (EXF1) or one year

(EX60) will be available on the GEM website and in this booklet in Yield Trials section.

Allelic Diversity:

There were 300 summer nursery rows dedicated to the development of F1s and BC1s for the

Allelic Diversity project, and 310 rows were planted in Homestead, FL for the 2014 winter

nursery. Much of the effort in the winter nursery is focused on late maturing accessions.

Twenty-two BC1 families and two F1s were completed this summer in Raleigh; two BC1

families and fifty-two F1s were also completed in the 2013 winter nursery.

Other GEM-Raleigh recommendations:

Based on 2013 and 2014 nursery observations, some of the most promising new breeding

crosses include GEMN-0097 x GEM-0104, GEMN-0097 x CML449, GEMN-0097 x

CML375, GEMS-0027 x GEMS-0113, GEMN-0135 x GEMN-0104, and GEMN-0124 x

GEMN-0043.

Some of the best entries in EXP8 were GEMN-0043, GEMN-0119, GEMN-0207,

GEMN-0208, and GEMN-0212. Efforts are already underway to recycle most of these

GEM releases and efforts in recycling will continue in 2015 with an emphasis on non-

Stiff stalk GEM releases (recycling of Stiff Stalk releases was emphasized in the 2014

nursery).

Some of the best entries from EXP9 were GEMS-0091, GEMN-0097, GEMS-0113,

GEMN-0158, and GEMS-0175. GEMN-0097 had the highest value for Y/M, while

GEMS-0050 had the highest yield of any GEM entry but also had the highest moisture of

any entry in the trial. Efforts are underway to recycle these and other GEM releases from

Ames.

Some of the most promising ex-PVPs based on yield trial data are DKF118, DK6F629

and DKMM402A from EXA2 and DKNL001, LH197, LH198, LH204 and PHKE6 from

EXF1; however, it should be noted that, as a line per se, LH198 performed very poorly in

both the summer and winter 2014 nurseries and LH197 was marginally better.

8

Summary of the seven GEM-Raleigh Recommended Lines for 2015

GEM code Pedigree

Days

to

ANT

GDU

to

ANT

Days

to

Silk

GDU

to

Silk

Plant

Height

(cm)

Ear

Height

(cm)

Grain

color

GEMS-0253 DK212T:S0640-034-002 89 1774 89 1774 250 81 Y

GEMN-0254 FS8B(T):N11a-225-002 84 1644 84 1644 234 66 Y

GEMS-0255 FS8B(S):S03-133-002 87 1720 87 1720 245 79 Y

GEMS-0256 NS1:S0834-006-002 87 1720 90 1803 231 81 Y

GEMN-0257 CHIS462:N08d-013-001 91 1832 92 1859 245 98 Y/W

GEMS-0258 DKB830:S19-009-004 91 1832 92 1859 243 98 Y/W

GEMN-0259 SCR01:N11c-015-002 87 1720 87 1720 239 84 Y

Check B73 77 1629 78 1657 206 71 Y

9

GEM TSG Meeting, September 15-16, 2014, Ames IA - Highlights:

The GEM Technical Steering Group (TSG) meeting was held at the North Central Regional Plant

Introduction Station in Ames, IA on September 15-16, 2014. A tour of the nurseries was hosted by

Candice Gardner, Fred Engstrom, Michael Peters and Nuo (Mack) Shen. Graduate student Adam Vanous

participated and discussed his research. The tour included inbreds, all generations of breeding material in

the nursery, observations of Raleigh and Ames materials and the released doubled haploid lines, new

potential breeding crosses, Ex-PVP lines, and some topcross trials at the nearby Uthe Farm. Several

important topics included:

program focus and balance between new research initiatives on breeding methodology vs.

traditional germplasm development; relative focus on four program areas

requesting new tropical germplasm sources, especially from company cooperators

strategies for sampling of adventitious presence (AP) of transgenes, appropriate points to test, and

how to deal with it if found.

alternative strategies for supporting GEM programs

improving maize doubled haploid systems, inducibility and spontaneous doubling

potential collaborations with international organizations and entities for evaluating important

diseases and their races, and the challenges involved

methods to measure GEM Project success and/or impact

proposal by D. Butruille to expand GEM’s YT program in Ames

improving GEM’s technical capacity at Raleigh and Ames.

10

IN KIND NURSERY AND TRIAL SUPPORT MIDWEST GEM PROJECT IN 2013:

Table 5. Private In-Kind Support – Summer 2014

Table 5: Summer 2014 Private In-Kind Support

Collaborator Breeding & Nursery Support

Made

Topcrosses

Yield

Trials

Breeding

Cross

obs

Disease Screening &

Quality Traits

3rd Millenium

Genetics Armyworm Screening

AgReliant

Genetics LLC Made breeding crosses to SS and NSS lines. S2's

BASF (Ames,

IA)

NIR analyses oil, protein,

starch

Beck's Made S1's from SX1078:N(LH61)(ANTIG03:N1242-B-007-B)

CAAS

Disease screening for

MRDV, stalk rot, head smut,

drought, low nitrogen

tolerance etc. in multiple

ecological areas.

Cornhusker

Hybrids LLC Made S1's from TZAR104:(LH82/GEMN-0192)

CRD Advisors

LLC

DAS

DKD Genetics Made S1s from CML373:(PHJ40/GEMS-0162)

Dow

Agrosciences Advanced S1's to S2 of Ki14:S21z42-B

DuPont Pioneer Made breeding crosses to SS and NSS lines.

Head Smut & Fusarium in

Woodland, CA; Diplodia

and NLB in Johnston, IA

Forage Genetics

Made S1s of SX1078:(LH123/LH61) and

(DJ7/CML373)/GEMS-0162

G&S Crop

Services

Genetic

Enterprises Made breeding crosses to NSS line.

11

International

Illinois

Foundation

Seeds, Inc. Made S1's with PUER5:S4676A(GEMS-0147) S2's

JFS & Associates S2's

MayAgro Made S1's of BR51721:S20(GEMS-0219) NLB screening

Monsanto

Made breeding crosses to SS and NSS lines. Made S1's with

TZAR104/LH123//ANTIG03:N1242-B-007-B and

BR51039/PHJ40//GEMS-0147.

Professional

Seed Research

Screening for Goss' wilt,

NLB, Eyespot, GLS

Seed Asia

Screen breeding crosses and

lines for downy mildew,

NLB,SCLB, and rust

SEEDDirect

Semillas Fito Made breeding crosses to SS and NSS lines

Screen for late wilt, MRDV,

and head smut

Summit Genetics

Syngenta

Made breeding crosses to SS and NSS lines Make S1's with

CML373//794/GEMS-0147 and PUER5:LH61/GEMN-0178.

Terrell Seed

Research Advance S1's to S2's of CML373:S(DJ7)(GEMS-0188)-B

Trimble Genetics

Disease and agronomic

evaluation

Wyffel's Hybrids Make S1's of ATL100:LH82/GEMN-0097

12

2014 GEM Ames Yield Trial Summary

Expt # Material Tester Total Reps Source

Entry Yield Avg.

Check Yield Avg.

Overall Yield Avg.

CV (%)

LSD p=0.05

141201 Ki21:N99am HC33 30 5 GEM 140.6 173.9 146.1 14.4 26.6

141301 NEI9004:S2899n LH287 60 5 GEM 160.2 184.4 162.3 10.0 20.7

141302 DKXL212:S0943b LH287 40 5 GEM 161.5 174.4 163.2 9.6 20.2

141303 CUBA164:S99aa99ah LH287 40 5 GEM 166.8 181.1 168.6 11.2 23.7

141304 CML341:S99y99ah LH287 30 5 GEM 157.9 174.1 160.6 11.0 23.4

141305 SCRO1:N1318 HC33 50 5 GEM 126.4 156.7 129.4 14.0 23.7

141306 MDI022:N99d99z HC33 50 5 GEM 149.1 166.7 150.8 10.0 19.3

141307 BR105:N99d99h HC33 60 5 GEM 150.9 182.2 153.5 9.0 17.3

141308 ANTIG01:N1699C HC33 40 5 GEM 149.1 170.2 151.7 11.1 22.2

141309 SCRO1:N1318 HC33 48 5 GEM 154.8 208.6 160.5 10.3 23.9

141310 MDI022:N99d99z HC33 48 5 GEM 195.0 212.0 196.8 7.5 18.7

141311 White SS x tester WSS646 80 5 JFS 127.4 171.6 131.3 14.3 23.8

141312 White NSS x tester WT993 40 5 JFS 151.3 186.3 157.4 11.2 22.6

141313 Ki21:S99al99y SGI079 70 5 IFS 171.6 171.7 171.6 9.6 21.0

141314 BR51039:N1512 MON-SS 92 6 MON 207.1 210.0 207.3 9.6 25.2

141315 CML287:N(GEMN-0155)11a SYG-SS 46 6 SYG 213.5 207.6 212.8 8.4 20.8

141316 CML287:N(GEMN-0155)11a SYG-SS 42 6 SYG 204.8 211.0 205.6 8.9 21.0

141317 BR51039:S(PHJ40)11b SYG-nSS 40 6 SYG 202.7 213.0 204.0 9.3 22.6

141401 53SS4/GEMS-0026 LH287 80 5 GEM 168.9 199.5 170.8 7.7 16.7

141402 53SS4/GEMS-0031 LH287 80 5 GEM 167.3 187.8 168.6 9.3 20.3

141403 GEMS-0176/S49w LH287 70 5 GEM 166.0 194.8 168.1 8.1 17.1

141404 GEMS-0115/S49w LH287 70 5 GEM 166.8 194.8 168.8 9.2 22.1

141405 GEMS-0176/S49x LH287 70 5 GEM 160.3 177.0 161.5 7.7 17.6

141406 BR52051:S172641 LH287 70 5 GEM 164.5 188.0 166.1 10.1 22.2

141407 (KO679Y/GEMS-0115)/GEMS-0162 LH287 50 5 GEM 167.3 180.2 168.6 10.9 23.3

141408 Retest (Tropical) LH287 60 8 GEM 186.2 198.9 187.3 9.2 17.2

141409 53NS2/GEMN-0133 HC33 80 5 GEM 143.0 188.1 145.8 10.9 20.2

141410 GEMN-0179/GEMN-0205 HC33 50 5 GEM 177.6 195.6 179.4 8.1 18.5

141411 Retest (Tropical) HC33 40 8 GEM 156.0 170.0 157.7 9.9 16.8

141412 Retest MBS3520 60 8 GEM 172.3 186.7 174.0 11.6 20.9

141413 Retest MBS8814 80 8 GEM 180.5 186.1 181.0 8.2 14.9

141414 GEM SS x tester MBS 30 8 GEM 166.4 181.0 168.8 8.6 16.8

141415 BR51501:N11a08bT4799bc GP7169GTCBLLRW 50 5 IFS 166.4 189.6 168.7 9.6 20.4

141416 TZAR104:N(LH82)(GEMN-0205) AGR-SS 41 5 AGR 183.1 228.2 189.0 10.3 27.7

141417 TZAR104:N(LH82)(GEMN-0205) AGR-SS 39 5 AGR 190.2 238.9 196.8 7.1 21.0

141418 BR51501:N11a08bT47(LH82) DAS-SS 24 5 DAS 167.8 213.3 177.3 9.4 21.8

145201 UR13091:S99al LH287 50 5 GEM 165.2 202.5 168.9 7.9 18.8

145301 UR11002:S1409 LH287 50 5 GEM 174.3 203.8 177.3 9.0 22.9

145302 AR16035:S0209 LH287 40 5 GEM 179.2 208.8 182.9 9.2 21.3

145303 CHOCLERO:N99b99z HC33 70 5 GEM 163.6 193.0 165.7 9.0 19.0

145401 Retest (Temperate) LH287 50 8 GEM 179.2 194.8 180.8 9.3 20.4

145402 Retest (Temperate) HC33 40 8 GEM 157.4 191.0 161.6 14.2 26.4

145403 Retest MBS3520 50 8 GEM 161.5 181.1 164.2 13.1 23.6

145404 Retest MBS8814 70 8 GEM 183.5 196.3 184.8 10.8 21.5

146401 GEM NSS x tester MBS 40 8 GEM 164.7 175.7 166.1 9.7 17.4

146402 Early Retest NA 40 8 GEM 170.4 189.1 172.7 9.6 18.6

146403 GEMxGEM NA 40 5 GEM 174.7 189.5 176.7 11.3 29.2

146404 Waxy Test NA 40 8 ING 129.5 138.2 131.2 12.7 23.9

48 167.6 190.0 170.1 10.0 21.1

13

FIELD DAYS:

Ames, IA GEM Project (C. Gardner) GEM Project 2014 Field Day:

Due to severe damage to the demo field from heavy spring rains, lost population stands and lack of available

fertilizer, no public field day was held in 2014. The TSG members toured the nursery plantings and one

yield test location in mid-September, and numerous local and international visitors scheduled tours of the

nursery as their interests dictated.

Caitlin Ellingson, an undergraduate GEM employee, created a virtual tour that documents the growth and

development of the GEM field demo over 11 weeks of the season. She developed a web based presentation

of this as part of her journalism internship; it can be accessed at http://ncrpis-

gem.agron.iastate.edu/virtualtours.asp .

Fargo, ND North Dakota State University (M. Carena) 2014 Nursery Tours:

Over 500 US and international visitors toured summer breeding nurseries with new NDSU EarlyGEM lines,

hybrids, and population releases; short-season NDSU EarlyGEM releases were specifically shown. Three of

the past 2014 inbred releases were from the NDSU EarlyGEM program as well as the last 10 populations

releases included breeding crosses with germplasm originating in southern USA, Mexico, Cuba, St. Croix,

Brazil, Chile, and Argentina

Beijing, China, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) 2014 Field Days:

Aug 29 to Sep 6: The third international GEM Field Day was sponsored by CAAS and hosted by Dr.

Tianyu Wang, coordinator of China’s GEM Program. More than 70 attendees from the public and

private section participated in this event and observed 987 elite local inbred lines and three

breeding enhancement populations, as well as 196 GEM populations and selfed progenies at the

Shunyi Research Station in Beijing. Breeders and scientists provided feedback on germplasm they

wish to work with.

PUBLIC COOPERATOR REPORTS (Specific Cooperative Agreements, or SCAs): The GEM Project funded two SCA’s in 2014, Dr. Jay-lin Jane, Iowa State University, and Dr. Mark

Campbell, Truman State University; their reports can be found below. A third SCA was initiated late in the

fiscal year with Dr. Thomas Lübberstedt of Iowa State University, and the project is in the early stages.

http://ncrpis-gem.agron.iastate.edu/virtualtours.asp

http://ncrpis-gem.agron.iastate.edu/virtualtours.asp

14

Project Title: Development of GEM line starch to improve nutritional value and biofuel production

Prepared by Hanyu Yangcheng and Jay-lin Jane, Department of Food Science and Human

Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011

Project Overview

This report serves to document research conducted under a cooperative agreement between ARS and

Iowa State University. Specific objectives of this research project are to (1) Develop and characterize

hybrids using normal and waxy GEM lines to produce hybrids with improved yield and starch-ethanol

conversion efficiency to increase ethanol yield; and (2) Develop healthy foods and healthy food

ingredients using GEM lines.

For Objective 1, a normal (B73) and a waxy (08GEMS05044) inbred corn and two hybrids developed by

intercrossing between the normal and waxy corn were used in this study. Amylose contents (3.9-26.5%)

of the starch negatively correlated with the dosage of the wx gene in the corn endosperm. Average

amylopectin branch-chain lengths (DP 18.4-19.9), however, showed no correlation with the wx gene

dosage. The amylose content of the starch was inversely proportional to the gelatinization enthalpy-

change (12.0-14.5 J/g), the gelatinization temperature-range (Tc-To) (10.2-11.7 °C), and the raw-starch

digestibility (r = -1, p<0.001), but positively correlated with the percentage retrogradation (38.2-64.9%)

and starch pasting-temperature (69.6-75.7 °C) (r = 1, p<0.001). These results indicated that amylose

molecules enhanced the integrity of starch granules, restricted granule hydration, narrowed gelatinization

temperature-ranges, and reduced digestive-rates of the starch. Amylose contents, instead of the

amylopectin branch-chain length distribution, showed dominant effects on starch physicochemical

properties. Starch of the hybrid, 08GEMS05044×B73, displayed significantly lower amylose content and

higher digestibility than the normal corn starch. The hybrid showed potential to improve the yield of

ethanol production.

To further investigate the dosage effects of wx gene on starch physicochemical properties, an intercross

study using two pairs of isogenic lines grown in 2014 was conducted. Starch gelatinization enthalpy

change was positively related with the dosage of wx gene in the endosperm. Final and setback viscosities

of the starch decreased with increase of the wx gene dosage, whereas breakdown viscosities increased

with increases of the wx gene dosage. Following work will be conducted to understand if the wx gene

has dosage effects on starch molecular structures and digestibility.

For Objective 2, the hybrid popcorn (GEM-07048) produced by crossing a popcorn (Sg1533) with a

high-amylose corn (GEMS-0067) was used in this study. The corn kernels of GEM-07048 were

separated visually to two groups, normal popcorn with an amylose content of 36.3% and high-amylose

popcorn with an amylose content of 61.4%. The high-amylose popcorn displayed the smallest expansion

volume (11.8 cm/g) compared with the normal popcorn seeds (19.7 cm/g) and commercial popcorn (34.9

cm/g). The popped kernels of high-amylose popcorn showed largest resistant starch content (46.3%),

indicating its potential as a healthy snack food.

Publications and presentations:

1) H. Yangcheng, H. Jiang, M. Blanco and J. Jane. Characterization of starch from intercrossed normal and

waxy maize. Poster presentation to Corn Utilization & Technology Conference, Louisville, KY, June 2-

4, 2014.

2) H. Yangcheng, H. Jiang, M. Blanco and J. Jane. Physicochemical properties of starch produced by

intercrossing between normal and waxy maize. Poster presentation to American Association of Cereal

Chemists International, Providence, RI, Oct.5-8, 2014.

Objectives

Objective1: Develop and characterize hybrids using normal and waxy GEM lines to produce hybrids with

improved yield and starch-ethanol conversion efficiency to increase ethanol yield.

Objective 2: Develop healthy foods and healthy food ingredients using GEM lines.

15

Characterization of starch from intercrossed normal and waxy maize

Two hybrids were developed by intercrossing between a normal (B73) and a waxy corn

(08GEM05044). Dosages of the wx gene in endosperms of the inbred and hybrid corn are: 0 (B73),

1(B73×08GEMS05044), 2 (08GEMS05044×B73), and 3 (08GEMS05044) (Table 1). Starches of the corn

lines were isolated using a wet-milling process, and the isolated starch was used for the study to understand

the starch physicochemical properties and to reveal the effects of amylose contents and amylopectin

structures on starch properties and digestibility.

Amylose content of the starch ranged from 3.9 to 26.5%, and was negatively related with the

wx gene dosage in the endosperm (Table 1). Amylopectin molecular weight ranged from 1.4 to 1.7×109

(g/mol), and showed a trend of positive correlation with the wx gene dosage in the endosperm.

Table 1. Amylose content of starch and molecular weight and gyration radius of amylopectina

Sample Waxy gene

dosage

Amylose Amylopectin

(%) Mw ×109 (g/mol)

b Rz (nm)

c

08GEM05044 3 3.9d±0.0 1.7±0.1 439.9±11.3

08GEM05044×B73 2 21.0c±0.2 1.6±0.0 430.8±1.5

B73×08GEM05044 1 24.3b±0.0 1.4±0.0 412.7±1.8

B73 0 26.5a±0.3 1.5±0.0 420.8±3.0

a Different letters following the mean value in the same column indicate significant differences between the

mean values (p<0.05). b Weight-average molecular weight (Mw).

c Z-average radius of gyration.

Results of amylopectin branch-chain length distribution are shown in Table 2. Average branch-

chain length of amylopectin ranged from DP 18.4 to 19.9, and showed no correlation with the wx gene

dosage.

Starch thermal properties are shown in Table 3. Starch onset-gelatinization temperatures (62.3-65.4

ºC) negatively correlated (r=-1, p<0.001) with the percentage of short branch-chains of amylopectin (30.1-

34.5%) (Table 2). Gelatinization enthalpy change (12.0-14.5 J/g) negatively correlated (r=-1, p<0.001) with

the amylose content (Table 1), whereas percentage retrogradation of gelatinized starch (38.2-64.9%)

positively correlated (r=1, p<0.001) with the amylose content. The amylose molecules complexing with

lipids and interacting with amylopectin to preserve integrity of the starch granule and restrict granule

swelling contributed to the smaller gelatinization enthalpy change and higher percentage retrogradation of

the starch.

16

Table 2. Molar-based branch-chain-length distribution of maize amylopectin a

Sample Average CL

(DP) b

DP≤12 DP13-24 DP25-36 DP≥37

(%) (%) (%) (%)

08GEM05044 19.4a±0.6 30.1b±0.1 49.2a±1.6 11.0a±0.1 9.6a±1.5

08GEM05044×B73 19.9a±0.7 30.8ab±1.9 46.9a±0.0 10.9a±0.4 11.4a±1.5

B73×08GEM05044 18.4a±0.2 34.5a±0.4 46.8a±0.3 9.9a±0.2 8.8a±0.6

B73 19.1a±0.3 31.8ab±0.6 48.8a±0.0 10.2a±0.3 9.3a±0.4

a Different letters following the mean value in the same column indicate significant differences between the

mean values (p<0.05). b Average branch-chain length of amylopectin. DP = degree of polymerization.

Table 3. Thermal properties of maize starches a

Sample Native starch Retrogradation

(%) c To (°C) Tp (°C) Tc (°C) ∆H (J/g)

b

08GEM05044 65.4a±0.6 71.1±0.5 77.1±0.5 14.5a±0.0

38.2d±0.7

08GEM05044×B73 64.1b±0.1 69.3±0.3 74.7±0.4 12.7b±0.1

46.2c±0.2

B73×08GEM05044 62.3c±0.1 67.9±0.1 72.8±0.0 12.5b±0.1

48.9b±1.1

B73 63.5d±0.3 68.0±0.2 73.7±0.6 12.0c±0.3 64.9a±1.4

a Samples (~3.0 mg, dsb) were mixed with deionized water (~9.0 l) before the DSC analysis. Different

letters following the mean value in the same column indicate significant differences between the mean

values (p<0.05). b To, Tp, Tc and H are onset, peak, conclusion gelatinization temperatures and enthalpy

change, respectively. c Percentage retrogradation (%) = (∆H of retrograded starch / ∆H of native starch) ×

100%.

17

Starch pasting profiles are shown in Figure 1, and the results are summarized in Table 4.

Starch pasting temperature (69.6-75.7 °C) was positively related with the amylose content (Table

1), whereas the peak viscosity showed no correlation with the amylose content.

Figure 1. Pasting profiles of maize starches.

Table 4. Pasting properties of maize starch measured using a Rapid Visco-Analyzer a, b

Sample Pasting

Temp.(°C)

Peak

(RVU)

Hold

(RVU)

Final

(RVU)

Breakdown

(RVU)

Setback

(RVU)

08GEM05044 69.6c±0.0 232.3±0.1 71.1±3.3 92.7±2.6 161.2±3.2 21.6±0.7

08GEM05044×B73 70.6b±0.3 156.8±0.8 71.1±3.5 141.3±1.6 85.6±2.7 70.2±1.9

B73×08GEM05044 71.1b±0.7 161.3±0.1 100.3±8.3 188.6±0.6 61.0±8.4 88.3±8.9

B73 75.7a±0.8 165.6±0.8 92.6±3.7 180.1±3.0 73.0±2.8 87.5±0.7 a

Different letters following the mean value in the same column indicate significant differences

between the mean values (p<0.05). b Viscosity was reported in Rapid Visco-Units (RVU) where 1

RVU = 12 centipoise.

Starch digestibility of uncooked corn starch was determined using Englyst method

(1992), and the results are shown in Table 5. The percentages of hydrolyzed starch at 120min

hydrolysis time ranged from 79.6 to 93.4%, and are inversely proportional to the amylose content

(Table 1).

18

Table 5. Digestibility of maize starches a

Sample Digestibility (%)

30 min 120 min

08GEM05044 58.3a±0.8 93.4a±1.3

08GEM05044×B73 40.5b±0.6 87.2b±0.9

B73×08GEM05044 34.5c±0.8 82.9bc±2.5

B73 33.6c±0.6 79.6c±0.0

a Digestibility of the uncooked maize starch was determine using Englyst’s method (1992).

Different letters following the mean value in the same column indicate significant differences

between the mean values (p<0.05)

Starch of the hybrid (08GEMS05044×B73) displayed significantly lower amylose content

(21.0%) and higher digestibility (87.2% at 120min) than the normal corn starch (26.5% and 79.6%

at 120min, respectively), indicating its potential to improve the yield of ethanol production.

To further investigate the dosage effects of wx gene on starch physicochemical

properties, an intercross study using isogenic normal and waxy GEM lines was conducted. Two

pairs of isogenic lines were grown in 2014, including waxy1 (wx1) and normal1 (N1) and waxy2

(wx2) and normal2 (N2). The pedigree information of these four lines and their F1 progeny

obtained through reciprocal crossing is shown in Table 6.

Table 6. Pedigree information of GEM corn lines

Sample Pedigree wx gene

dosage

wx1 DKXL370:N11a20-036-002-B wx 3

wx1 x N1 DKXL370:N11a20-036-002-B wx/DKXL370:N11a20-036-002-B-B-B-

B 2

N1 x wx1 DKXL370:N11a20-036-002-B-B-B-B/DKXL370:N11a20-036-002-B

wx 1

N1 DKXL370:N11a20-036-002-B-B-B-B 0

wx2 AR16035:S02-615-001-B wx 3

wx2 x N2 AR16035:S02-615-001-B wx/AR16035:S02-615-001-B-B-B-B 2

N2 x wx2 AR16035:S02-615-001-B-B-B-B/AR16035:S02-615-001-B wx 1

N2 AR16035:S02-615-001-B-B-B-B 0

Starch thermal properties are shown in Table 7. Starch gelatinization enthalpy changes

increased with increase of the wx gene dosage in the endosperm. Onset gelatinization temperatures

showed no correlation with the wx gene dosage. The conclusion temperatures, however, showed a

trend of increase with increasing wx gene dosage.

19

Table 7. Starch thermal properties of GEM corn lines

To (°C) Tp (°C) Tc (°C) ∆H (J/g)

wx1 65.8±0.1 71.9±0.4 77.7±0.2 14.6±0.2

wx1 x N1 65.6±0.2 70.8±0.1 75.3±0.2 14.1±0.0

N1 x wx1 65.7±0.1 70.7±0.2 75.8±0.1 13.3±0.1

N1 65.4±0.4 69.4±0.5 74.0±0.7 13.2±0.0

wx2 61.7±0.2 68.9±0.0 74.7±0.1 14.5±0.0

wx2 x N2 62.1±0.1 67.7±0.2 73.1±0.4 13.9±0.0

N2 x wx2 62.7±0.1 67.3±0.1 72.2±0.2 13.1±0.0

N2 61.8±0.1 66.8±0.1 71.5±0.2 12.8±0.1

Starch pasting properties are shown in Table 8. The final and setback viscosities decreased

with increase of the wx gene dosage, whereas breakdown viscosities increased with increase of the

wx gene dosage. Pasting temperatures and peak viscosities, however, showed no correlation with

the wx gene dosage.

Table 8. Starch pasting properties of GEM corn lines

Pasting

Temp.(°C)

Peak

(RVU)

Hold

(RVU)

Final

(RVU)

Breakdown

(RVU)

Setback

(RVU)

wx1 71.0±0.3 217.3±4.0 78.3±1.6 101.8±2.9 138.9±2.4 23.4±1.3

wx1 x N1 73.8±0.3 147.8±2.2 73.6±2.4 142.1±2.2 74.2±0.2 68.5±0.2

N1 x wx1 72.3±0.6 150.2±2.5 75.1±1.2 148.7±1.5 75.1±1.2 73.5±0.3

N1 71.4±0.3 157.6±1.2 90.4±0.8 182.8±0.6 67.2±1.9 92.5±1.4

wx2 69.0±0.3 221.0±0.7 72.0±1.7 102.1±0.6 148.9±1.1 30.1±1.1

wx2 x N2 72.3±0.0 149.9±2.7 74.1±0.6 146.8±1.6 75.8±2.1 72.7±2.2

N2 x wx2 72.5±0.2 143.6±1.4 84.9±1.7 169.8±2.1 58.7±0.3 84.9±3.8

N2 71.3±0.3 148.3±0.7 95.6±0.4 202.2±2.0 52.5±0.1 106.6±2.4

Future work will be conducted to understand if the wx gene has dosage effects on

the starch content, content of amylose, molecular size of amylose and amylopectin, branch-

chain length of amylopectin, and starch digestibility. Relationships between the physical

properties and the structures of the starches will be investigated.

Kernel popping properties and starch digestibility of high-amylose popcorn

GEM-07048 (Pedigree: (GEMS-0067/Sg1533-B)-B) was produced by intercrossing

between a popcorn line (Sg1533) and a high-amylose corn (GEMS-0067). Kernels of GEM-07048

were visually separated to two groups, high-amylose popcorn (HAPC) and normal popcorn (NPC).

Kernel starch content, starch amylose content, and expansion volume of popped kernels are

shown in Table 9. The HAPC of GEM-07048 showed a significantly greater amylose-content

(61.4%) than the NPC of GEM-07048 (36.3%).

20

Table 9. Kernel-starch content, starch amylose content, and expansion volume of popcorn samples

Sample a Starch (%) Amylose (%)

Expansion

volume (cm/g)

NPC 62.3 ± 0.3 36.3 ± 0.5 19.7 ± 2.2

HAPC 63.6 ± 0.2 61.4 ± 0.9 11.8 ± 1.8

CPC 60.8 ± 0.8 30.7 ± 0.4 34.9 ± 2.3

a NPC, GEM-07048 normal popcorn; HAPC, GEM-07048 high-amylose popcorn; CPC,

Commercial popcorn.

The expansion volume of GEM-07048 kernels was smaller than commercial popcorn (34.9

cm/g). The expansion volume of HAPC of GEM-07048 (11.8 cm/g) was even lower than that of the

NPC kernels (19.7 cm/g). The amylose content was negatively correlated with the expansion

volume (r = 0.862, p < 0.05).

Starch digestibility of popcorn kernels after microwave popping is shown in Table

10. The popped kernels of HAPC showed largest resistant starch content (46.3%) and slowly-

digestible starch content (19.3%) than the other two popcorn samples. The amylose content (Table

9) was positively correlated with resistant starch content and negatively correlated with rapidly-

digestible starch content.

Table 10. The rapidly-digestible starch (RDS), slowly-digestible starch (SDS) and resistant starch

(RS) contents of popped kernel

Sample a RDS (%) SDS (%) RS (%)

NPC 77.5 ± 1.7 7.9 ± 2.1 14.6 ± 0.5

HAPC 34.4 ± 0.1 19.3 ± 1.1 46.3 ± 1.0

CPC 85.9 ± 1.4 2.6 ± 3.0 11.5 ± 1.6a

a NPC, GEM-07048 normal popcorn; HAPC, GEM-07048 high-amylose popcorn; CPC,

Commercial popcorn.

These results indicated that high-amylose popcorn is a good source of resistant

starch and slowly-digestible starch, which is potentially a healthy snack food. Further efforts,

however, are needed to improve the popping characteristics of high-amylose popcorn.

21

2014 GEM Report: Truman State University, Annual GEM Cooperator meeting, ASTA, Dec. 10, Chicago, IL

Development and Evaluation of Specialty Starch Germplasm Utilizing GEM Biodiversity to Optimize Grain Quality, Composition, and Yield. Duration 2011 – 2015

Mark Campbell, Cynthia Cooper, Amanda McClure and Linsa Dean, Sushma, Shrestha and Adrianne Alexander General Objectives: Truman state has served as a public cooperator in GEM program in order for student to activity participate in demonstrating the economic value of exotic maize germplasm, educates students, the local, state and scientific community of the necessity to support the National Plant Germplasm System. Our work consist of developing parent lines and hybrids with altered starches that address current trends in industry and concerns of consumer and health specialists. Our source of used at Truman for line development relies exclusively on materials released by GEM cooperators. In addition, DH lines recently released from the allelic diversity study are being introgressed into our existing genetic materials which expands the diversity used to develop and improve novel specialty starch maize. Additionally, we have used landraces adapted to specific areas where this material could potentially serve as an affordable source of prebiotic in areas vulnerable to gastrointestinal illnesses such as cholera. Specifically, our breeding efforts fall into two categories which are believed to address the following consumer needs (1). Developing high-amylose corn which has a number of niche applications, one of which includes its use as a source of resistant starch (RS) having prebiotic properties that have well documented health benefits and functional attributes making it well suited as a ‘nutraceutical’ dietary supplement (2). The second starch type involves developing sources of a slowly digested unmodified starch (SDS) from native genetic diversity. Rather than focusing on RS starch, the rate of starch hydrolysis and other components in the grain influencing retention which may determine its potential applications in controlling blood sugar. Although a number of applications exist, evaluation of our materials involved the glycemic-index (GI), glycemic load (GL), -Amylase Inhibitors and the recent observations made regarding interactions observed in human metabolomics http://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB06857 and cereal carbohydrates. Our material may serve to assist in understanding strategies that best identify therapeutic food choices for diabetic and glycogen disorder patients suffering from nocturnal hypoglycemia. This past summer several ongoing studies and new approaches used in the development of germplasm has taken place. Highlighted are field studies that demonstrate agronomic potential of Amylomaize lines developed using only GEM parents under varied environmental conditions. Continued effort involving collaboration of Truman State with A.T. Still Medical College and ISU is being accomplished.

Hybrid Evaluation Evaluation of hybrids had previously been made from crosses between SS and NS lines believed to have alleles fixed resulting in starch amylose at or exceeding 70% during the 2009/10 winter nursery with good success and the results reported in the 2012 GEM report. A series of unfortunate events have made progress in this area challenging since then. From the earlier study, an additional crossing block was prepared using two of GEM amylomaize lines exhibiting good general combining together with a number of SS and NS intended for planting during the 2011/12 winter nursery in Puerto Rico (Table 1). This seed, however, was lost in transit, eventually recovered, and planted during the 2012/13 season instead. The seed was successfully planted; however, during flowering insect damage greatly limited the amount of successful crosses. Some of this material was planted

http://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB06857

22

in Ames, IA during the summer of 2013. The results of this study are provided in Table 2. Due to the unfortunate loss of a fellow GEM private cooperator and friend, no winter crossing blocks have been made since. It will soon be necessary to identify an alternative plan, perhaps through in kind support of a GEM cooperator to ensure continued hybrid field experiments as new inbreds are developed. Table 1. Crossing block grown during the 2012/13 winter nursery and numbers of successful ears recovered following crossing are shown.

No Crossing block, Puerto Rico, 2012/2013 ears harvested - tassel damage army worm

1 CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67

Male Entry

0

2 CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67 3




6 9353-01/97_DK888N11F2S3_7451-17-b-b/////CH05015:N1204-57-1-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67

0

7 BARBGP2:N08a18-332-001-B-B-B/////CH05015:N1204-57-1-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67 0

8 FS8B(T):N11a-087-001-b-b-sib-b-b/////CH05015:N1204-57-1-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67 0

9 CHO5015:N1204-057-001-b-b-b/////AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67 0

10 DKXL370:N11a20-199-002-B-B-B-Sib/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67 0

11 BR51675:N0620-033-001/////AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67 0

12 MDI022:N21-B-002-003///// DKXL370:N11a20-234-2-B-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67 0

13 CH0515:N1502-086-001-b-b-b/////UR13085:N0215-14-1-B-B-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67 0

14 DK888:N11-B-027-001-B-001/////DREP150:N2011d-624-1-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67 0

15 DREP150:N2011d-624-1-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67 0

16 CHO5015:N1204-057-001-b-b-b/////UR13085:N0215-14-1-B///GEMS-67 0

17 9353-01/97_DK888N11F2S3_7451-17-b-b////UR13085:N0215-14-1-B///GEMS-67 0

18 BARBGP2:N08a18-332-001-b-b-b/////UR13085:N0215-14-1-B///GEMS-67 0

19 BR51675:N0620-033-001////UR13085:N0215-14-1-B///GEMS-67 0

20 CL-G1607(CML420):N11-008-001-007////UR13085:N0215-14-1-B///GEMS-67 0

21 CH0515:N1502-086-001-b-b-b////UR10001:S1813-257-1///GEMS-67 0

22 CH05015:N1502-086-001-B-B-B/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEMS-67 0

23 CH05015:N1502-086-001-B-B-B/////AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEMS-67 0

24 DK212T:N11a12-191-001-B-B-B/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEMS-67 0

25 DK212T:N11a12-191-001-B-B-B/////AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEMS-67 0

26 DKXL370:N11a20-199-002-B-B-B-Sib/////AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEMS67 0

27 BR51403(PE001):N16-B-044-004-001-001C-001////CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEMS-67 0

28 DKXL370:N11a20-199-002-B-B-B-Sib////FS8A(S):S09-362-1-B///GEMS-67 0

29 DKXL380:N11-B-007-010-B-002/////CHRIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////CUBA164:S2012-444-1-B///GEMS-67 0

30 AR03056:N09-191-001-B-B-B-Sib/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEMS-67

Male Entry

10


7


4


6


0

35 2011-01_SE32_S17_F2S4_9148/////CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67 2

36 2011-01_SE32_S17_F2S4_9148-Blk22/00/////CUBA164:S1511b-325-1-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67 8

37 CUBA164:S1511b-325-1-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67 0

38 CUBA164:S2012-966-1-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67 0

39 DKB844:S1601-073-001-B-B-B-B-B/////CUBA164:S1511b-325-1-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67 0

40 BR105:S1612-008-001-B-B/////DKB844:S1601-73-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67 6

23

41 DKB844:S1601-73-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67 0

42 2088-01_DK212T_S11_F2S4_9157-Blk29/00-sib-B-B-B/////DKB844:S1601-73-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67

7

43 2011-01_SE32_S17_F2S4_9148-Blk22/00////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67 0

44 GUAT209:S13 08a-120-001-B-B////CHIS740:S1411a-783-2-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67 0

45 2011-01_SE32_S17_F2S4_9148-Blk22/00-sib///GEMS-67 0

46 CHIS775:S1911b-120-001-B-B-B-B////2011-01_SE32_S17_F2S4_9148-Blk22/00-sib///GEMS-67 0

47 2011-01_SE32_S17_F2S4_9148-Blk22/00////2011-01_SE32_S17_F2S4_9148-Blk22/00-sib///GEMS-67 7

48 CUBA164:S2012-444-001-B-B-Sib////2011-01_SE32_S17_F2S4_9148-Blk22/00-sib/// GEMS-67 1

49 CHIS740:S11411a-783-002-b-b-b////2011-01_SE32_S17_F2S4_9148-Blk22/00-sib///GEMS-67 1

50 CUBA164:S2012-444-1-B///GEMS-67 0

51 CHRIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////CUBA164:S2012-444-1-B///GEMS-67 3

52 CUBA164:S1511b-325-001-B-B-B-B-B-Sib/////CHRIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B//// CUBA164:S2012-444-1-B///GEMS-67

1

53 FS8A(S):S09-362-1-B///GEMS-67 0

54 2011-01_SE32_S17_F2S4_9148-Blk22/00////FS8A(S):S09-362-1-B///GEMS-67 1

55 CHIS740:S11411a-783-002-b-b-b/////CUBA164:S1511b-325-1-B-B////FS8A(S):S09-362-1-B///GEMS-67 4

56 BVIR155:S2012-029-001-B-B////UR10001:S1813-257-1///GEMS-67 8

57 CHIS740:S11411a-783-002-b-b-b////UR10001:S1813-257-1///GEMS-67 3

58 DKB844:S1601-073-001-B-B-B-B-B////UR10001:S1813-257-1///GEMS-67 0

59 UR10001:S1813-257-1///GEMS-67 0

60 2011-01_SE32_S17_F2S4_9148-Blk22/00////UR10001:S1813-257-1///GEMS-67 11

61 UR11003:S0302-1011-001-b-b-b////UR10001:S1813-257-1///GEMS-67 2

62 BR51675:N0620-033-001////UR10001:S1813-257-1///GEMS-67 1

63 BR52060:S0210-143-001-b-b-b////UR10001:S1813-257-1///GEMS-67 0

64 GUAT209:S13 08a-120-001-B-B////UR10001:S1813-257-1///GEMS-67 3

65 CUBA164:S2008c-289-001-B-B/////AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67 5

66 H99 ae///GEMS-67 1

Results from the yield evaluation grown in Ames, IA in 2013 are provided in Table 2. Seed obtained from the 2012/13 crossing block (Table 1) was intended to be used as a source for hybrid entries which are indicated by the purple entry numbers in Table 2. The delayed arrival and extensive insect damage required that seed from 2009/10 was used (geen entry numbers) to complete the experiment. Entry 47 (AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEM67 X CUBA164:S2012-444-1-B///GEM67) displayed the greatest yield with a plot average of 156.0 bu/ac.

Of the entries from the later crossing block, entry 16 (BVIR155:S2012-029-001-B-B////UR10001:S1813-257-1///GEMS-67 x AR03056:N09-191-001-B-B-B-Sib/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEMS-67) displayed the greatest yield at 153.2 bu/ac. In fact, a number of independent ears having similar parentage were used as independent entries due to the insect damage that resulted in a lack of successful crosses. This provides useful information regardless of the poor hybrid cross attempts since BVIR155:S2012-029-001-B-B////UR10001:S1813-257-1///GEMS-67 had not been used in any experimental hybrids in the past and suggests that lines derived from this pedigree be further prioritized for increasing yield performance. Table 3 was made to examine SS lines that had a common parent constituting 50% of their pedigree. The lines possessing 2088-01_DK212T_S11_F2S4_9157-Blk29/00-sib-B-B-B/////DKB844:S1601-73-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67 averaged the greatest yield of 147.0 bu/ac. In addition, lines with GUAT209:S1308a-120-001-B-B and BVIR155:S2012-029-001-B-B////UR10001:S1813-257-1///GEMS-67 consistently performed well. During the summer of 2014, an effort was made to include remaining seed of experimental hybrids that had not yet been examined. Stand counts suffered for many as a result of as a result of seed aging. Early planting if followed by cool damp conditions also make emergence of amylomaize stands suffer. There were a few hybrids that yielded fairly well. In some cases, seeding rates routinely used

24

may be excessive for amylomaize VII material and, therefore, yields may have increased with decrease seed viability. CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B/// GEM67 X AR03056:N09-191-001-B-B-B-Sib/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B/// GEM67

Yield 150.1 165.9 %stand 45.8 63.9

CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B/// GEM67 X DKB844:S1601-073-001-B-B-B-B-B/////CUBA164:S1511b-325-1-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B/// GEM67

Yield 163.6 164.2 %stand 69.4 51.3

CH05015:N1204-57-1-B-B////(CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEM67 X CUBA164:S1511b-325-1-B-B////AR163035:S02-615-1-B-

B///GEM67

Yield 154.6 138.9 %stand 51.02 56.0

25

Table 2. Experimental amylomaize GEMN x GEMS hybrids grown in a randomized complete block design near Ames, IA 2013

Hybrid (Amylomaize GEMN x GEMS) Yield Evaluation,

Entry 09/10 12/13

WT Yield (bu/ac)

MOIST Y/M TWT

AR03056:N09-191-001-B-B-B-Sib/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEMS-67 x CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67

1 15.9 104.2 28.7 3.7 50.4


2 20.3 133.6 28.6 4.7 52.9


3 18.8 122.2 29.6 4.2 50.4

AR03056:N09-191-001-B-B-B-Sib/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEMS-67 x UR11003:S0302-1011-001-b-b-b////UR10001:S1813-257-1///GEMS-67

4 19.6 125.3 30.7 4.1 51.8

2011-01_SE32_S17_F2S4_9148-Blk22/00/////CUBA164:S1511b-325-1-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67 x AR03056:N09-191-001-B-B-B-Sib/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEMS-67

5 15.4 101.2 28.7 3.6 52.5

BR105:S1612-008-001-B-B/////DKB844:S1601-73-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67 x AR03056:N09-191-001-B-B-B-Sib/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEMS-67

6 20.1 127.7 31.1 4.1 50.7

2088-01_DK212T_S11_F2S4_9157-Blk29/00-sib-B-B-B/////DKB844:S1601-73-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67 x AR03056:N09-191-001-B-B-B-Sib/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEMS-67

7 23.5 150.7 30.6 5.0 51.5

2011-01_SE32_S17_F2S4_9148-Blk22/00////2011-01_SE32_S17_F2S4_9148-Blk22/00-sib///GEMS-67x AR03056:N09-191-001-B-B-B-Sib/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEMS-67

8 23.0 149.0 29.8 5.0 50.1

2011-01_SE32_S17_F2S4_9148-Blk22/00////2011-01_SE32_S17_F2S4_9148-Blk22/00-sib///GEMS-67x AR03056:N09-191-001-B-B-B-Sib/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEMS-67

9 19.2 122.3 30.7 4.0 49.6

CUBA164:S2008c-289-001-B-B/////AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67 x AR03056:N09-191-001-B-B-B-Sib/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEMS-67

10 21.5 139.9 29.4 4.8 51.9

CUBA164:S2008c-289-001-B-B/////AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67 x AR03056:N09-191-001-B-B-B-Sib/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-

11 21.9 137.7 31.7 4.4 51.3

26

B////CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEMS-67

2011-01_SE32_S17_F2S4_9148-Blk22/00////UR10001:S1813-257-1///GEMS-67 x AR03056:N09-191-001-B-B-B-Sib/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEMS-67

12 20.8 133.7 30.1 4.4 50.0


13 21.7 144.3 27.7 5.2 51.6


14 22.0 139.9 30.8 4.5 50.0

BVIR155:S2012-029-001-B-B////UR10001:S1813-257-1///GEMS-67 x AR03056:N09-191-001-B-B-B-Sib/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEMS-67

15 23.7 150.6 31.0 4.9 51.0


16 24.1 153.2 31.0 5.0 50.5


17 22.1 142.3 30.1 4.8 51.6


18 18.1 115.9 30.6 3.9 51.1


19 21.0 134.4 30.4 4.4 51.3

CHIS740:S11411a-783-002-b-b-b////UR10001:S1813-257-1///GEMS-67x AR03056:N09-191-001-B-B-B-Sib/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEMS-67

20 19.1 121.7 31.0 4.0 49.6

2088-01_DK212T_S11_F2S4_9157-Blk29/00-sib-B-B-B/////DKB844:S1601-73-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67 x AR03056:N09-191-001-B-B-B-Sib/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEMS-67

21 22.7 143.7 31.4 4.6 49.5

amylomaize I 22 17.2 109.7 30.6 3.6 49.2

amylomaize II 23 11.4 73.7 29.8 2.5 49.9

UR11003:S0302-1011-001-b-b-b////UR10001:S1813-257-1///GEMS-67 x AR03056:N09-191-001-B-B-B-Sib/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEM67

24 22.1 144.9 28.8 5.1 51.2

AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////DKX L370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEM67 X UR10001:S1813-257-1///GEM67

25 15.4 101.0 28.9 3.5 50.7

AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////DKX L370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEM67 X GUAT209:S1308a-120-001-B-B////UR10001:S1813-257-1///GEM67

26 23.9 151.5 31.3 4.9 51.7

27

AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////DKX L370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEM67 X DKB844:S1601-073-001-B-B-B-B-B/////CUBA164:S1511b-325-1-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEM67

27 20.1 127.3 31.3 4.1 50.4

CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEM67 X UR13085:N0215-14-1-B///GEM67

28 17.4 109.6 31.7 3.5 49.2

CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEM67 X DK212T:N11a12-191-001-B-B-B/////CH05015:N1204-57-1-B-B////DK L370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEM67

29 21.1 134.9 30.4 4.5 49.8

AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////DKX L370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEM67 X GUAT209:S1308a-047-001-B-B/////CHIS740:S1411a-783-2-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEM67

30 19.7 127.9 29.7 4.3 50.9

CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEM67 X CH05015:N1204-57-1-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB/// GEM67

31 19.6 125.2 30.7 4.1 50.3

CHIS740:S11411a-783-002-b-b-b////UR10001:S1813-257-1///GEMS-67 X AR03056:N09-191-001-B-B-B-Sib/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEMS-67

32 18.7 120.0 30.2 4.0 50.9

CUBA164:S1511b-325-1-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEM67 X AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////(CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B/// GEMS-67

33 14.9 94.8 31.0 3.1 50.9

CUBA164:S1511b-325-1-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEM67 X AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////(CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B/// GEMS-67

34 18.6 121.3 29.4 4.2 50.8

CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEM67 X UR13085:N0215-14-1-B///GEM67

35 15.4 98.5 30.8 3.2 49.5

AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////DKX L370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEM67 X CUBA164:S2012-444-1-B///GEM67

36 18.8 118.6 31.4 3.8 51.3

CUBA164:S1511b-325-001-B-B-B-B-B-Sib/////CHRIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B//// CUBA164:S2012-444-1-B///GEMS-67 X AR03056:N09-191-001-B-B-B-Sib/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEMS-67

37 9.3 59.7 30.7 2.0 49.8

CUBA164:S1511b-325-1-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEM67 X DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB//GEM67

38 17.2 111.7 29.5 3.8 51.4

CUBA164:S1511b-325-1-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEM67 X FS8B(T):N11a-322-1-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEM67

39 17.1 110.6 29.7 3.7 50.2

CUBA164:S1511b-325-1-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B/// GEM67 X DREP150:N2011d-624-1-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB/// GEM67

40 14.6 96.4 28.0 3.5 50.1

CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEM67 X AR03056:N09-191-1-B-B-B////DK L370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEM67

41 17.2 108.9 31.4 3.5 49.6

28

CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEM67 X DREP150:N2011d-624-1-B-B////DK L370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEM67

42 16.6 108.0 29.2 3.7 51.5

AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////DKX L370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEM67 X 2011-01_SE32_S17_F2S4_9148-Blk22/00-sib///GEM67

43 19.2 124.2 29.8 4.2 51.2

CH05015:N1204-57-1-B-B////(CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEM67 X CUBA164:S1511b-325-1-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEM67

44 23.3 148.2 30.8 4.8 51.1

CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEM67 X AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B//// CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEM67

45 12.7 82.6 29.8 2.8 48.1

AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B///DKX L370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEM67 X CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEM67

46 19.1 123.2 30.2 4.1 49.4

AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////DKX L370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEM67 X CUBA164:S2012-444-1-B///GEM67

47 24.5 156.5 30.6 5.1 51.2

AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////DKX L370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEM67 X CUBA164:S1511b-325-1-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEM67

48 12.1 76.3 31.5 2.4 49.1

CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEM67 X DK212T:N11a12-191-001-B-B-B/////AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEM67

49 19.4 125.5 30.0 4.2 50.3

CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEM67 X AR03056:N09-191-001-B-B-B-Sib/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEM67

50 23.6 152.6 29.8 5.2 51.1

mean 19.1 19.1 122.7 30.2 4.1 50.6

S 4.0 3.5 22.4 1.0 0.7 0.9

CV% 21.1 18.4 18.2 3.2 18.2 1.9

Entry ** ** ** ** ** **

Block ** ** ** ns ** **

29

Table 3. Amylomaize VII SS lines grouped having in their pedigree at least half being derived from a common ancestor. In

other words, these are average performance values of line having a common parent.

Mean hybrid performance sharing the following SS lines making up at least 50% of it background

Entry WT Yield (bu/ac)

MOIST Y/M TWT

2011-01_SE32_S17_F2S4_9148-Blk22/00-sib///GEM67

1 mean 14.9 20.2 130.6 29.6 4.4 50.7

S 12.8 2.5 16.3 1.1 0.6 1.1

n = 7 CV% 86.1 12.6 12.5 3.7 13.0 2.1

2088-01_DK212T_S11_F2S4_9157-Blk29/00-sib-B-B-B

2 mean 14.0 23.1 147.2 31.0 4.8 50.5

S 9.9 0.6 4.9 0.6 0.3 1.4

n =2 CV% 70.7 2.4 3.3 1.9 6.0 2.8

Amylomaize VII Checks 3 mean 22.5 14.3 91.7 30.2 3.0 49.5

S 0.7 4.1 25.5 0.6 0.8 0.5

n =2 CV% 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9

BR105:S1612-008-001-B-B 4 mean 15.2 21.5 137.3 30.7 4.5 51.0

S 4.7 4.7 2.3 14.2 0.4 0.4

n =6 CV% 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9

CHIS740:S11411a-783-002-b-b-b 5 mean 26.0 18.9 120.9 30.6 4.0 50.2

S 8.5 0.3 1.2 0.6 0.0 1.0

n =2 CV% 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9

CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B 6 mean 30.9 18.2 117.6 30.0 3.9 50.2

S 18.0 2.8 18.2 0.9 0.6 1.2

n =14 CV% 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9

CUBA164:S2012-444-1-B///GEM67 7 mean 34.8 17.8 114.3 30.3 3.8 50.7

S 12.3 4.6 29.2 1.1 1.0 0.8

n =12 CV% 9.9 25.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

GUAT209:S1308a-047-001-B-B 8 mean 27 20.1 127.3 31.3 4.1 50.4

30

n=1

GUAT209:S1308a-120-001-B-B 9 mean 28.0 21.8 139.7 30.5 4.6 51.3

S 2.8 3.0 16.7 1.2 0.4 0.6

n =2 CV% 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9

UR10001:S1813-257-1///GEM67 10 mean 25 22.1 101.0 28.9 3.5 50.7

n=1

UR11003:S0302-1011-001-b-b-b 11 mean 24.0 22.1 101.0 28.9 3.5 50.7

S 0.0 1.0 13.9 1.3 0.7 0.5

n =2 CV% 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9

31

Table 4. Hybrid performance of amylomaize VII GEMN x GEMS lines in Ames, IA 2014 from seed of lines produced in a crossing block grown in a 2009/10 P.R. where most hybrids entries have been included in previous yield trials.

Ames, IA 2014 WT Yield

(bu/ac) MOIST Y/M TWT %stand %skldg %rtldg

AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67 X CHIS740:S1411a-783-2-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67

9.9 64.9 28.5 2.3 48.3 17.4 0.0 0.0

CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67 X AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////(CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEMS-67

9.0 61.1 26.0 2.4 47.9 14.6 0.0 4.2

CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67 X (UR13085:N0215-14-1-B///GEMS-67 10.2 68.2 27.3 2.5 50.0 15.3 0.0 0.0

AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67 X (CUBA164:S2012-444-1-B///GEMS-67 15.1 99.2 28.8 3.4 50.8 62.5 0.0 5.3

AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67 X (CUBA164:S2012-444-1-B///GEMS-67 19.1 124.0 29.4 4.2 50.3 47.9 28.6 0.0

AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67 X DKB844:S1601-073-001-B-B-B-B-B/////CUBA164:S1511b-325-1-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67

16.2 107.3 27.9 3.8 50.2 16.7 0.0 0.0

CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67 X GUAT209:S1308a-047-001-B-B/////CHIS740:S1411a-783-2-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67

14.4 99.2 25.2 3.9 50.2 36.8 0.0 0.0

CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67 X AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67

11.6 76.4 27.3 2.7 48.7 17.4 0.0 0.0


1.7 13.3 14.5 0.9 14.9 2.1 0.0 0.0

32

CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67 X FS8B(T):N11a-322-1-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67

17.6 114.0 29.8 3.8 49.4 38.2 28.6 47.7

CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67 X DREP150:N2011d-624-1-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67

15.1 99.2 28.5 3.5 51.5 31.3 0.0 0.0

CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67 X DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67 17.9 117.6 28.6 4.1 49.7 47.2 0.0 0.0

CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67 X DK212T:N11a12-191-001-B-B-B/////CH05015:N1204-57-1-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67

14.1 93.8 27.9 3.4 50.1 26.4 0.0 0.0

CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67 X AR03056:N09-191-001-B-B-B-Sib/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////(CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEMS-67

23.4 158.0 26.7 5.9 50.4 54.9 0.0 0.0

AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67 X AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67 15.1 100.8 27.9 3.6 49.7 44.4 0.0 0.0

AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67 X CUBA164:S1511b-325-1-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67

3.8 26.4 24.5 1.1 30.7 29.2 0.0 0.0

AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67 X UR10001:S1813-257-1///GEMS-67 17.7 120.9 25.9 4.7 50.6 47.2 0.0 0.0

AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67 X (2011-01_SE32_S17_F2S4_9148-Blk22/00-sib///GEMS-67

18.5 123.4 27.6 4.5 49.2 72.2 0.0 0.0

CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67 X (UR13085:N0215-14-1-B///GEMS-67 7.7 50.4 28.8 1.8 49.6 13.2 0.0 0.0


15.4 105.8 25.5 4.2 51.0 29.9 0.0 0.0

33

CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67 X DKXL370:N11a20-234-2-B-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67

20.5 135.4 28.2 4.8 48.5 53.5 0.0 6.1

CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67 X CH05015:N1204-57-1-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67

7.0 47.5 26.0 1.8 50.1 13.9 0.0 0.0


16.3 108.8 27.5 4.0 50.0 41.7 0.0 0.0



AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67 X DKB844:S1601-073-001-B-B-B-B-B/////CUBA164:S1511b-325-1-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67

24.6 163.9 27.7 5.9 50.9 60.4 0.0 0.0

AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67 X CUBA164:S1511b-325-1-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67

2.4 16.9 17.1 0.8 20.9 3.5 0.0 0.0



13.1 86.3 28.2 3.1 48.6 26.4 0.0 0.0

CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67 X UR13085:N0215-14-1-B///GEMS-67 5.4 36.1 27.0 1.3 42.8 10.4 0.0 0.0

AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67 X 2011-01_SE32_S17_F2S4_9148-Blk22/00-sib///GEMS-67

19.5 130.3 27.4 4.8 49.4 71.5 0.0 0.0

34

CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67 X DKXL370:N11a20-234-2-B-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67

17.2 114.1 28.0 4.1 49.5 56.3 0.0 0.0

CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67 X CH05015:N1204-57-1-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67

5.1 35.1 20.1 1.5 32.3 6.9 0.0 0.0

CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67 X AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEMS-67

15.1 100.4 27.7 3.6 48.7 36.1 0.0 1.6


16.7 111.7 27.3 4.1 48.7 41.0 3.0 3.0


16.0 106.9 27.4 3.9 49.9 36.1 0.0 0.0

AmyVI Check 1 2.4 17.9 18.7 1.0 22.2 3.5 0.0 0.0

AmyVI Check 2 1.1 8.8 8.9 1.0 9.2 1.4 0.0 0.0

CUBA164:S1511b-325-1-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEM67 X DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB//GEM67 14.5 96.7 27.7 3.5 50.5 49.3 3.6 3.6

CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67 X FS8B(T):N11a-322-1-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67

16.4 104.2 31.2 3.3 49.1 52.1 32.5 42.5


11.2 75.1 26.8 2.8 47.8 18.1 0.0 0.0


AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67 X CHIS740:S1411a-783-2-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67

9.3 60.0 29.8 2.0 48.6 15.3 0.0 0.0

CH05015:N1204-57-1-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEM-67 X CUBA164:S1511b-325-1-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEM-67

22.0 146.8 27.6 5.3 49.9 54.2 1.4 1.4

35

4015/3042 DREP150:N2011d-624-1-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67 X 2088-01_DK212T_S11_F2S4_9157-Blk29/00-sib-B-B-B/////DKB844:S1601-73-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67

8.5 57.0 26.7 2.1 51.3 13.2 0.0 0.0

4044/4038 GUAT209:S13 08a-120-001-B-B////CHIS740:S1411a-783-2-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-6 X CUBA164:S2012-966-1-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67

15.8 103.4 28.7 3.6 50.3 37.5 0.0 6.3

CUBA164:S1511b-325-1-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEM67 X FS8B(T):N11a-322-1-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEM-67

19.1 128.0 27.4 4.7 50.6 57.6 0.0 3.5

4046/4016 CHIS775:S1911b-120-001-B-B-B-B////2011-01_SE32_S17_F2S4_9148-Blk22/00-sib///GEMS-67 X CHO5015:N1204-057-001-b-b-b/////UR13085:N0215-14-1-B///GEMS-67

16.9 110.7 29.0 3.8 50.4 55.6 1.9 1.9

Normal (Asgrow) 23.1 160.7 24.6 6.6 53.5 48.6 0.0 0.0

Mean 13.9 93.0 26.4 3.4 46.2 36.0 0.0 2.7

S 6.0 40.0 4.0 1.4 9.8 21.0 0.0 9.0

CV% 43.3 43.0 15.2 41.2 21.2 58.3

Max

24.6 163.9 31.2 6.6 51.5 89.6 32.5 47.7

min 1.1 8.80 8.9 0.8 9.2 1.4 0.0 0.0

entry ** ** ** ** ** ns **

ns ns ns ns ns ns ns

Page 36 of 41

Accessions currently being used to introduce adaptation genes to various regions in Nepal.

Map made using Excel Fusion and Google maps.

Page 37 of 41

Appendix Table 1: Evaluation of GEM germplasm for resistance to aflatoxin accumulation at

USDA-ARS and Mississippi State in 2014.

Pedigree

Seed Source

Aflatoxin (ng/g)

ln (y+1) Geometric

mean

((KO679Y/GEMS-0115)/GEMS-0181)-B-022 11GEM05826 5.13 169

GEMS-0030/KO679Y 12GEM04507 2.74 14

GEMN-0097/TF-2-0-T3-P74-G121 13GEM80057 5.31 202

GEMN-0097/TF-0-0-T2-P72-G122 13GEM80058 5.24 188

GEMN-0097/MSU_1 13GEM80059 3.78 43

GEMN-0097//GEMN-0130/MP494 13GEM80060 4.59 97

GEMN-0192//GEMN-0130/MP494 13GEM80062 3.92 49

GEMN-0205/TF-0-0-T2-P72-G122 13GEM80063 4.32 74

GEMS-0074//GEMN-0130/MP494 13GEM80064 2.29 9

(GEMS-0227/(Mp494/GEMS-0002)-001-002-001-001) 13GEM80065 5.08 160

GEMS-0227/TF-2-0-T3-P74-G121 13GEM80066 5.40 220

(GEMS-0227/(Mp717/GEMS-0002)-001-001-001-001) 13GEM80068 2.70 14

PHN46/(GEMN-0130/MP494) 13GEM80072 4.85 127

GEMN-0097/(GEMN-0130/MP494) 13GEM80076 4.95 141

GEMN-0205/(GEMN-0130/MP494) 13GEM80081 5.45 231

GEMS-0227/MSU_1 13GEM80085 3.90 48

GEMS-0227/TF-0-0-T2-P72-G122 13GEM80086 3.84 46

GEMS-0227/TF-0-0-T2-P72-G122 13GEM80088 4.25 69

LH61/(GEMN-0130/MP494) 13GEM80089 5.39 217

LH61/MSU_1 13GEM80090 6.03 416

(GEMN-0130/MP494)/GEMN-0205 13GEM80094 4.55 93

GEMN-0140/GEMN-0130 09GEM00182 4.19 65

GEMS-0030/GEMS-0091 07GEM02650 4.80 121

LH198/(UR13085:S99g99u-B-B-B-B-7-1) HEN13:126 x 91 4.17 63

LH132/(TF-2-0-T3-P70-G121) HEN13:101 x 61 5.91 367

PHV78/(UR13085:S99g99u-B-B-B-B-7-1) HEN13:123 x 91 4.35 76

LH198/ (TF-1-0-T3-P66-G95) HEN13:126 x 87 5.60 269

LH198/(TF2-0-T3-P70-G121) HEN13:126 x 61 4.66 105

(Mp494xGEM#47)-1-2-1-1-1-1 HEN13-14:35-1 4.43 83

(Mp717xGEM#47)-1-1-1-1-1-1 HEN13-14:31-1 3.88 47

(Mp317xGEM#45)-2-1-1 PW13:78-1 1.80 5

(Mp317xGEM#45)-1-5-2-1-1 PW13:65-1 1.49 3

(Mp317xGEM#45)-1-5-3-1-1 PW13:66-1 0.42 1

(Mp317xGEM#45)-1-5-5-1-1 PW13:67-1 3.86 47

(Mp317xGEM#45)-1-5-6-1-1 PW13:68-1 0.92 1

(Mp317xGEM#45)-1-5-7-1-1 PW13:69-1 1.60 4

(CUBA117:S15-101-001-B-B-B-B-

B/BR51675:N0620-033-001-B-B-B)-B-20-1 PW13:86-1

3.18 23

UR13085:S99g99u-B-023-B-B-B 13GEM01695 5.18 176

UR13085:S99g99u-B-058-B-B-B 13GEM01696 4.13 61

UR13085:S99g99u-B-B-B-B-007-001-001-B 13GEM01697 3.96 51

KO679Y 11GEM06555 5.71 300

(GEMS-0002/GEMS-0003)-B-B-046-B-B 13GEM01531 3.49 32

Page 38 of 41

Mp313E 12-13:623 3.57 35

Mp717 12-13:715 4.77 117

Mp719 11-12:466 2.46 11

Mp420 13:005 4.25 69

B73 11-12:480 6.12 452

Va35 13:2101 5.55 256

Mp 313E x Mp 717 12-13:211 2.01 6

B73 x Va35 12-13:169 4.60 98

LSD (0.05) 1.79

Developing ears were inoculated with Aspergillus flavus using the side-needle technique 7 days after mid-silk.

Ears were hand harvested at maturity, dried, and shelled. Grain was ground and aflatoxin concentration was

determined using the Vicam Aflatest. Values for aflatoxin concentration were transformed [ln(y+1), where y =

aflatoxin concentration] prior to analysis of variance. Geometric means were calculated by converting the

transformed means to the original units of measure.

Page 39 of 41

Appendix Table 2: 3rd Millennium Genetics 2014 Fall Armyworm Data

Source ID

Pedigre

e

Entry

#

6" tall

At

Tassel

09GEM07680

GEMN-0140/GEMN-0130

1

8.25

9

11GEM06358

GEMS-0218

2

7.25

8.

5

11GEM06540

GEMN-0133

3

6.

5

7.25

11GEM80044

KUI44:N99ap99bj

4

8.25

8.25

11GEM80045

KUI44:N99ap99bk

5

8

8.25

11GEM80077

CML373:S99y99bd

6

8.

5

8

11GEM80102

Ki 14:S21z03

7

8.

6

8

11GEM80144

TZAR104:N99bb99bk

8

8.25

8.25

11GEM80146

TZAR104:S99az99bl

9

9

8.25

12GEM03091

NEI9004:N0803-B-039-B

1

0

8.25

8.25

12GEM03193

ANTIG03:N1242-B-007-B-B

1

1

8.

5

8.

5

12GEM03233

GEMS-0240

1

2

7.75

8.

5

12GEM03241

GEMS-0241

1

3

8.

7

8.

5

12GEM03315

GEMN-0238

1

4

8.75

8.

5

12GEM03323

GEMN-0239

1

5

8

7.75

12GEM03396

(LH61/KO679Y)/GEMN-0205

1

6

8.75

8.

5

12GEM03978

GEMN-0152/ANTIG03:N1242-B-007-B

1

7

8.75

8

12GEM03993

DJ7/CML373//GEMS-0162

1

8

8

8

12GEM09129

GEMN-0152/ANTIG03:N1242-B-007-B

1

9

8.75

8.25

12GEM09132

PHB47/NC296//GEMS-0149

2

0

7.75

8.25

12GEM80008

ATL100:N99ba99bq

2

1

9

8.

5

12GEM80011

ATL100:N99bb99br

2

2

8.25

8.25

12GEM80031

CML373:S99bd99ah

2

3

8.75

8.25

12GEM80037

PUER5:N99bb99bq

2

4

8.75

8.75

12GEM80046

TZAR104:N99bb99br

2

5

8.

5

8.75

12GEM80047

TZAR104:N99bb99z

2

6

8

8.

5

12GEM80056

CML287:N99ai42

2

7

8

7.

5

12GEM80057

SX1078:N99bb42

2

8

8

8.

5

12GEM80064

BR51039:S99bd99bs

2

9

8.75

8.

5

12TPX1570

GEMS-0215/ANTIG03:N1242-B-007-B

3

0

8.

5

8.75

Page 40 of 41

12TPX1571

GEMS-0219/ANTIG03:N1242-B-007-B

3

1

8.75

8.

5

12TPX1622

(ANTIG03:N1242-B-007-B/3IIH6 )

3

2

8

8.25

13GEM01519

BS20(S)C2:S99u-B-060-B-B

3

3

8.25

8.

5

13GEM01525

DKXL212:S0928-B-040-B-B

3

4

8

8

13GEM01531

GEMS-0002/GEMS-0003

3

5

7.75

8

13GEM01537

GEMS-0147/GEMS-0115

3

6

8.25

8.75

13GEM01538

GEMS-0147/GEMS-0115

3

7

7.75

7.

5

13GEM01552

CL-00331:N1834-B-058-B-B

3

8

8.75

8.75

13GEM01562

NEI9004:N0803-B-019-B-B

3

9

8

8

13GEM01570

CL-G1703:S17c43-B-039-B-B

4

0

8.

5

8.75

13GEM01585

GEMS-0002/GEMS-0149

4

1

8.

5

8

13GEM01610

GEMN-0249

4

2

7.25

7.75

13GEM01611

BR105:N1643-B-023-B-B

4

3

8.

5

8.

5

13GEM80037

GEMS-0162/GEMS-0226

4

4

8.75

8.75

13GEM80043

GEMS-0203/GEMS-0226

4

5

7.75

8

13GEM80060

GEMN-0097//GEMN-0130/MP494

4

6

8.75

8

13GEM80062

GEMN-0192//GEMN-0130/MP494

4

7

9

8

13GEM80072

PHN46/(GEMN-0130/MP494)

4

8

8

8.75

13GEM80089

LH61/(GEMN-0130/MP494)

4

9

8.

5

8.25

13GEM80094

GEMN-0130/MP494//GEMN-0205

5

0

8.25

7.

5

Early Check - Moderate Tolerance

5

1

6.75

7

Late Check - Moderate Tolerance

5

2

8

8.

5


5

3

8.

5

8.75


5

4

7.75

8

Mid Mat Check - Moderate Tolerance

5

5

8

7.75

Mid Mat Check - Good Tolerance

5

7

7.25

7


5

8

8

8.75


6

0

7.

5

7.75

Mid Mat Check - ModerateTolerance

6

1

7

8


6

2

7.25

7


6

3

8.25

9


6

4

7.25

7.75


65

7.25

7.25

Page 41 of 41

Early Check - Good Tolerance

66

8.25

8.25

Late Check - Good Tolerance

6

7

7.75

8


6

8

8.75

9


6

9

8

8.75

Late Check - Moderate Tolerance

7

0

8

8.75

Late Check - Good Tolerance

7

1

8.75

8.75

Documents

2005 Annual Report of GEM - Iowa State Universityusda-gem/GEM_Annual_Reports/GEM_AR_1… · and from GEMS-0147, ... Families induced in summer 2014 include Cuba 164, Amargo-ARZM 03