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Medical Applications
of Accelerators
AJ Lennox Sacramento AAPT/APS 2004
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Medical Applications of
Accelerators
Basic Types of Accelerators
_ Linear: High voltage or radiofrequency
_ Circular:
Cyclotron or Betatron Synchrotron
Common Medical Applications
Photon/Electron Radiation Therapy
Isotope Production
Equipment Sterilization
Hadron Therapy
Future Applications
Angiography
Boron Neutron Capture Therapy
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Linear Accelerators
Cockroft-Walton - first high voltage accelerator
Scharf, Particle Accelerators and their Uses, p 17.
Also: Van de Graaff, Tandem Cascade, Dynamitron
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Linear Accelerators
Radiofrequency (rf) Ion Linac
Drift Tubes
Livingood, Cyclic Particle Accelerators, p 7.
Also: rf electron linacs
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Schematic of Basic Cyclotron
Livingood, Cyclic Particle Accelerators, p111
Circular Accelerators
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Argonne Cyclotron Showing Deuteron Beam
Livingood, Cyclic Particle Accelerators, p 129
Circular Accelerators
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Schematic of Basic Betatron
Scharf, Particle Accelerators and their Uses, p 23.
Circular Accelerators
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Schematic of Basic Synchrotron
Kernan, Particle Accelerators, 1968.
Circular Accelerators
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Photon/Electron Therapy
Schematic Varian Clinac 1800 linear accelerator
Karzmark et al, Medical Electron Accelerators, p12.
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Photon/Electron Therapy
Gantry rotates
around patient.
Linear accelerators
are manufactured byseveral vendors.
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11 MeV proton cyclotron for short-lived isotopes
Univ of Wisconsin,
1999Also 70-MeV cyclotrons for long-lived isotopes
Isotope Production
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Isotope Production
7 MeV proton linac for short-lived isotopes
AccSys Technology, 1999
Also: 70-100 MeV linacs for long-lived isotopes
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Equipment Sterilization
10-MeV Moelnlycke electron linacs
Scharf, Biomedical Particle Accelerators, p 577.
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Proton Therapy Synchrotron under construction at Fermilab
Hadron Therapy
Also C clotrons
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Heavy Ion Synchrotrons at Chiba (Tokyo)
HIMAC
Science, 261(1270), 1993
Hadron Therapy
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Superconducting Cyclotron on Gantry for Neutron Therapy
Maughan and Yudelev, Harper Hospital, Detroit
Hadron Therapy
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protonsBe target
Fast Neutron Therapy Cyclotron - Seattle
Maughan and Yudelev
Hadron Therapy
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Hadron Therapy
Proton Linac for Neutron Therapy - Fermilab
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p(66)Be(49) produces neutrons
Hadron Therapy
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Angiography
2 GeV electron synchrotron -Daresbury, UK
Scharf, Biomedical Particle Accelerators, p 475.
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Boron-Neutron Capture Therapy
2.5 MeV Electrostatic Quadrupole HV accelerator (Berkeley)
Ludewigt et al, Albuquerque, 1997, p 489.
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References
American Nuclear Society, Proceedings of Topical Meeting on
Nuclear Applications of Accelerator Technology, Albuquerque
NM, Nov 16-20, American Nuclear Society,1997.
Karzmark,CJ, et al, Medical Electron Accelerators,
McGraw-Hill,NY, 1993.
Kernan, WJ,Accelerators, US Atomic Energy Commission, Oak
Ridge, TN, 1968.
Livingood, Cyclic Particle Accelerators, Van Nostrand, NJ,
1961.
Scharf, W, Particle Accelerators and Their Uses, HarwoodAcademic
Publishers, UK 1986.
Scharf, W, Biomedical Particle Accelerators, American
Institute
of Physics, New York, 1994.
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