2003 Asme Detc Peak

8/6/2019 2003 Asme Detc Peak

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Characterizing Fine-Grained Associativity Gaps:

A Preliminary Study

of CAD-CAE Model Interoperability

[email protected]://itimes.marc.gatech.edu/

http://eislab.gatech.edu/projects/

ASME 2003 Design Engineering Technical Conferences and

Computers and Information in Engineering Conference

September 2-6, 2003

Chicago, Illinois

Paper No. CIE-48232

http://eislab.gatech.edu/pubs/conferences/2003-asme-detc-peak/

Copyright 1992-2003 by Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0415 USA. All Rights Reserved.

Permission to reproduce and distribute for non-commercial purposes (including internal corporate usage) is hereby granted provided this notice and a proper citation are included.
http://eislab.gatech.edu/pubs/conferences/2003-asme-detc-peak/http://eislab.gatech.edu/pubs/conferences/2003-asme-detc-peak/


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Abstract

Characterizing Fine-Grained Associativity Gaps:A Preliminary Study of CAD-CAE Model Interoperability

This paper describes an initial study towards characterizing model associativity gaps and other engineering

interoperability problems. Drawing on over a decade of X-analysis integration (XAI) research and

development, it uses the XAI multi-representation architecture (MRA) as a means to decompose the

problem and guide identification of potential key metrics.

A few such metrics are highlighted from the aerospace industry. These include number of structuralanalysis users, number of analysis templates, and identification of computing environment components

(e.g., number of CAD and CAE tools used in an example aerospace electronics design environment).

One problem, denoted the fine-grained associativity gap, is highlighted in particular. Today such a gap in

the CAD-CAE arena typically requires manual effort to connect an attribute in a design model (CAD) with

attributes in one of its analysis models (CAE). This study estimates that 1 million such gaps exist in the

structural analysis of a complex product like an airframe. The labor cost alone to manually maintain such

gaps likely runs in the tens of millions of dollars. Other associativity gap costs have yet to be estimated,including over- and under-design, lack of knowledge capture, and inconsistencies.

Narrowing in on fundamental gaps like fine-grained associativity helps both to characterize the cost of

todays problems and to identify basic solution needs. Other studies are recommended to explore such

facets further.

http://eislab.gatech.edu/pubs/conferences/2003-asme-detc-peak/

X = design, mfg., sustainment, and other lifecycle phases.
http://eislab.gatech.edu/pubs/conferences/2003-asme-detc-peak/http://eislab.gatech.edu/pubs/conferences/2003-asme-detc-peak/


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Design Models Analysis ModelsDesign Models Analysis Models

Frame of Reference

10+ years of R&D in

CAD-CAE Model Representation & Interoperability

Resulting techniques to date:

x Architecture with new model abstractions (patterns)

Enables modular, reusable building blocks

Supports diversity:

Product domains and physical behaviors

CAD/E methods and tools

Supports multiple levels of fidelity

Other Model Abstractions (Patterns)


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Frame of Reference(cont.)10+ years of R&D in

CAD-CAE Model Representation & Interoperability

x Represent design-analysis model associativity

as tool-independent knowledge

x Provide methodology

Capture analysis idealization knowledge

Create highly automated analysis templates

Support product design

Design Models Analysis ModelsOther Model Abstractions (Patterns)

Idealization & Associativity Relations


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X-Analysis Integration Techniquesfor CAD-CAE Interoperability

http://eislab.gatech.edu/research/

a. Multi-Representation Architecture (MRA)

1 Solution Method Model

ABB SMM

2 Analysis Building Block

4 Context-Based Analysis Model3

SMMABB

APM ABB

CBAM

APM

Design Tools Solution Tools

Printed Wiring Assembly (PWA)

Solder Joint

Component

PWB

body3

body2

body1

body4

T0

Printed Wiring Board (PWB)

SolderJoint

Component

Analyzable

Product Model

b. Explicit Design-Analysis Associativity

c. Analysis Module Creation Methodology

Informal Associativity Diagram

Constrained Object-based Analysis ModuleConstraint Schematic View

Plane Strain Bodies System

PWA Component Occurrence

CL

1

m at er ia l ,E( , )geometry

body

plane strain body , i = 1...4PWB

SolderJoint

Epoxy

Componentbase: Alumina

core: FR4

Solder Joint Plane Strain Model

total height, h

linear-elastic model

1

2

APMABB

1:

3:

3 APM 4 CBAM

2 ABBc

4body

3body

2body

1h

oT

primary structuralmaterial

2:

ii

i

1 SMM

Design Model Analysis Model

ABBSMM

soldersolder joint

pwb

component

1.25

deformation model

total height

detailed shape

rectangle

[1.2]

[1.1]

average

[2.2]

[2.1]

cTc

Ts

inter-solder joint distanceapproximate maximum

sj

Ls

pri

mary structural material

total thickness


Plane Strain

geometry model 3

a

stress-strainmodel 1



Bodies System

xy, extreme, 3

T2

L1

T1

T0

L2

h1

h2

T3Tsj

hs

hc

L c

xy, extreme, sjbilinear-elastoplastic model


primary structural materiallinear-elastic model

componentoccurrence

solder jointshear strainrange

[1.2]

[1.1]length 2 +

3 APM 2 ABB214 CBAM

Fine-Grained Associativity

ProductModel Selected Module

Analysis Module Catalogs

MCAD

ECAD

Analysis Procedures

CommercialAnalysis Tools

Ansys

Abaqus

Solder Joint Deformation Model

Idealization/

Defeaturization

CommercialDesign Tools

PWB

Solder Joint

Component

APM CBAM ABBSMM

Ubiquitous Analysis(Module Usage)

Ubiquitization(Module Creation)

CAE

Physical Behavior Research,Know-How, Design Handbooks, ...


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FEA-based Analysis TemplateLinkage Plane Stress Model

ts1

rs1

L

rs2

ts2tf

ws2ws1

wf

twF

LL

x

y

LC

Plane Stress Bodies

Higher fidelity version

vs. Linkage Extensional Model

name

linear_elastic_model

wf

tw

tf

inter_axis_length

sleeve_2

shaft

material

linkage

sleeve_1

w

t

r

E

cross_section:basic

w

t

rL

ws1

ts1

rs2

ws2

ts2

rs2

wf

tw

tf

E

deformation model

x,max

Parameterized

FEA Model

stress mos model

Margin of Safety(> case)

allowable

actual

MS

ux mos model


allowable

actual

MS

mode: tensionux,max

Fcondition reaction

allowable inter axis length change

allowable stress

ABB SMM SMM Template


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-

Electronic Packaging Examples: Chip Packages/Mounting

Shinko Electric Project: Phase 1 (production usage)

EBGA, PBGA, QFP

CuGround

PKG

Chip

Analysis Modules (CBAMs)

of Diverse Behavior& Fidelity

FEAAnsys

General MathMathematica

AnalyzableProduct Model

XaiTools

XaiToolsChipPackage

Thermal

Resistance

3D

Modular, Reusable

Template Librariestemperature change,T

mat er ialmodel

temperature,T

reference temperature,To

cte,

youngsmodulus,E

force,F

area,A stress,

undeformedlength,Lo

strain,

totalelongation ,L

length,L

start,x1

end,x2

mv6

mv5

smv1

mv1mv4

E

One D LinearElastic Model

(no shear)

T

e

t

thermal strain,t

elastic strain,e

mv3

mv2

x

FF

E, A,

LLo

T,,

yL

r1

12xxL =

r2

oLLL =

r4

A

F=

sr1

oTTT =

r3L

L=

material

effectivelength, Leff

deformationmodel

linear elastic model

Lo

Torsional Rod

G

J

r

2

1

shear modulus, G

cross section:

effectivering polar momentofinertia, J

al1

al3

al2a

linkage

mode:shafttorsion

c ondi t i on reac ti on

ts1

A

Sleeve1

A ts2

ds2

ds1

Sleeve2

L

Shaft

Leff

s

T

outer radius, ro al2b

stress mos model

allowablestress

twistmosmodel

MarginofSafety

(> case)

allowable

actual

MS

MarginofSafety

(> case)

allowable

actual

MS

allowabletwist Analysis Tools

Design Tools

PWB DB

Materials DB*

Prelim/APM Design ToolXaiTools ChipPackage

Thermal

Stress

Basic3D**

** = Demonstration module

Basic

Documentation

AutomationAuthoringMS Excel


9/55

Chip Package Thermal Resistance

Analysis Template (FEA-based CBAM)

L

H

W

Theta ja

Theta jc

Tmax

Tmin

ave PST

ave BTST

CW

CL

D

kx

ky

kz

P

hc

hp

hbave BBST

Ta

q

chip_package_

product_assembly

components

L[i:1,n]

power

heat_generation_rate

convection_coefficient_1 L[j:1,m]



condition temperature

avelair_flow_velocity L[j:1,m]

width

cavity_width

length

cavity_length

height

depth

singular_mat

Variable Topology

FEA Model

thermal model

r1

composite_mat

isotropic_thermal_model

orthotropic_thermal_model

base_mat

mixed_mat

PTmax

PTmax

Tmax

P

Ta

Thermal Resistance

Model


10/55

Circuit Board Design-Analysis IntegrationElectronic Packaging Examples: PWA/B

Analysis Modules (CBAMs)

of Diverse Mode & Fidelity

Design Tools

Laminates DB

FEAAnsys

General MathMathematica

AnalyzableProduct Model

XaiTools

PWA-B

XaiTools

PWA-B

Solder Joint

Deformation*

PTH

Deformation

& Fatigue**

1D,

2D

1D,

2D,

3D

Modular, Reusable

Template LibrariesECAD Tools

Mentor Graphics,

Zuken,

temperature change,T

mat er ialmodel

temperature,T

reference temperature,To

cte,

youngsmodulus,E

force,F

area,A stress,

undeformedlength,Lo

strain,

totalelongation ,L

length,L

start,x1

end,x2

mv6

mv5

smv1

mv1mv4

E

One D Linear

Elastic Model

(no shear)

T

e

t

thermal strain,t

elastic strain,e

mv3

mv2

x

FF

E , A,

LLo

T,,

yL

r1

12 xxL =

r2

oLLL =

r4

A

F=

sr1

oTTT =

r3L

L=

material

effectivelength, Leff

deformationmodel


Lo

Torsional Rod

G

J

r

2

1

shear modulus, G

cross section:

effectivering polar momentofinertia,J

al1

al3

al2a

linkage

mode:shafttorsion

c ondit i on reac t ion

ts1

A

Sleeve1

Ats2

ds2

ds1

Sleeve 2

L

Shaft

Leff

s

T

outer radius, ro al2b

stress mos model

allowablestress

twistmos model

MarginofSafety

(> case)

allowable

actual

MS

MarginofSafety

(> case)

allowable

actual

MS

allowabletwist Analysis Tools

PWB

Warpage

1D,

2D

Materials DB

PWB Stackup ToolXaiTools PWA-B

STEP AP210

GenCAM**,

PDIF*

AP210 Ed2 WD8 * = Item not yet available in toolkit (all others have working examples) ** = Item available via U-Engineer.com


11/55

total_thicknesspwa

layup layers[0]

layers[1]

layers[2]

TOTAL

CU1T

CU2T

POLYT

PREPREGT

TETRA1T

EXCU

ALPXCU

EXEPGL

ALPXEGL

TO

deformation model

Parameterized

FEA Model

ux mos model

Margin of Safety

(> case)

allowable

actual

MS

UX

condition

UY

SX

associated_pwb

nominal_thickness

prepregs[0] nominal_thickness

top_copper_layer nominal_thickness

related_core nominal_thickness

prepregs[0] nominal_thicknesslayers[3]

primary_structure_material linear_elastic_model E

cte

primary_structure_material linear_elastic_model E

cte

reference temperature

temperatureDELTAT

APM ABB

SMM

PWB Warpage Modulesa.k.a. CBAMs: COB-based analysis templates

deformation model

Thermal

Bending Beam

L

b

T

Treference

t

T

total diagonalassociated_pwb

total thickness

coefficient of thermal bending

al1

al2

al6

al3

t

TLb =2

warpage

wrapage mos model

allowable

MS

actual

Margin

of Safety

associated condition

al5

al4

temperature

reference temperature

pwa

APM

ABBPWB Thermal Bending Model

(1D formula-based CBAM)

PWB Plane Strain Model

(2D FEA-based CBAM)

APMUsage of Rich

Product Models


12/55


13/55

Multi-Representation Architecture (MRA) Summary

Characteristics of Component Representations

x

Solution Method Models (SMMs) Packages solution tool inputs, outputs, and control as integrated

objects

Automates solution tool access and results retrieval via tool agents

and wrappers

x Analysis Building Blocks (ABBs) Represents analysis concepts using object and constraint graph

techniques

Acts as a semantically rich 'pre-preprocessor' and 'post-

postprocessor' model.

ABB instances create SMM instances based on solution method

considerations and receive results after automated solution tool

execution


14/55


Characteristics of Component Representations (cont.)

x

Analyzable Product Models (APMs) Represent design aspects of products and enables connectionswith design tools

Support idealizations usable in numerous analysis models

Have possibly many associated CBAMs

x Context-Based Analysis Models (CBAMs) Contain linkages explicitly representing design-analysis

associativity, indicating usage of APM idealizations

Create analysis models from ABBs and automatically connectsthem to APM attributes

Represent common analysis models as automated, predefinedtemplates

Support interaction of analysis models of varying complexity andsolution method

Enable parametric design studies via multi-directional input/output(in some cases)


15/55


OverallCharacteristics

x

Addresses information-intensive nature ofCAD-CAE integration

x Breaks design-analysis integration gap into smallersubproblems (patterns)

x Flexibly supports different design and analysismethods and tools

x Based on modular, reusable information buildingblocks

x Defines methodology for creating specialized,highly automated analysis tools to support productdesign

x Represents analysis intent as tool-independentknowledge


16/55


OverallCharacteristics (cont.)

x Multiple representations required by:

Many:Many cardinality

Reusability & modularity

Self-Test: Consider impact of removing a representation

x Similar to software design patternsfor CAD-CAE domain

Identifies patterns between CAD and CAE

(including new types of objects)

Captures explicit associativity

Other needs: conditions, requirements, next-higher analysis

x Distinctive CAD-CAE associativity needs

Multi-fidelity, multi-directional capabilities

M lti R t ti A hit t f


17/55

Multi-Representation Architecture for

Design-Analysis Integration


ABB SMM



SMMABB

APM ABB

CBAM

APM



Solder Joint

Component

PWB

body3

body2

body1

body4

T0


SolderJoint

Component

Analyzable

Product Model

O(100) tools


18/55

Holding AccountBilling & Payable

E-CAE Toolsmiths and Workstations

D

NPOp

erations Toolsmiths

Workstations

SystemSystemCAECAE

DIVISION 31DIVISION 31

Servers & Sys AdminM-CAE Servers

& Sys AdminServers & SATMOD Severs

* Not DNP Operations

Design, Build, Assembly, Test (DBAT) Process

CAECo

stCente

rs

JPL Projects and Technical DivisionsCustome

rs

Robin MoncadaRobin MoncadaManagement and Administration

Soap

Sat Took Kit SDK

Doors

ApGen

Fast Flight

Ansoft

HPEE Sof

Sonnet

Mentor Graphics

Cadence

Mathworks Matlab

Synopsys

Synplicity

Ilogix Statemate

Orcad

AutoCad

Relex

Avant!

Place & Route

- Actel- Xilinx

- Atmel

(and many more)

PTC Computer Vision

PTC Pro-E

SDRC Ideas

SDRC Femap

Solid Works

Cosmos

NASTRAN

Adams

Sinda/Fluent

PDMS -

EDMG

SDRC Metaphase

Sherpa

Visual ToolSets

Cool Jex

Perceps

Rational Rose

Ruify

Harlequin LISP

I-Logix Rhapsody

Code V

LensView

TracePro

Zemax

Software

Tools

ElectronicsElectronicsCAECAE


RF & EMRF & EMCAECAE


MechanicalMechanicalCAECAE


SoftwareSoftwareCAECAE


OpticalOpticalCAECAE


M-CAE Toolsmiths

and Workstations

Adapted from Computer Aided Engineering Tool Service at JPL - 2001-07-22 - Mike Dickerson -NASA-JPL

Example CAD/E/X Toolset (JPL)

~100 tools

M lti R t ti A hit t f


19/55




ABB SMM



SMMABB

APM ABB

CBAM

APM



Solder Joint

Component

PWB

body3

body2

body1

body4

T0


SolderJoint

Component

Analyzable

Product Model

O(100) types


20/55

Analysis Building Blocks (ABBs)

Analysis Primitives

Beam

q(x)

Distributed Load

RigidSupport

Cantilever Beam System

Analysis Systems- Primitive building blocks - Containers of ABB "assemblies"

Material Models

Specialized

General

- Predefined templates

- User-defined systemsAnalysis VariablesDiscrete Elements

Interconnections

Continua

Plane Strain BodyLinear-Elastic

BilinearPlastic Plate

Low CycleFatigue

N

Mass Spring Damper

x

y q(x)

Beam

Distributed Load

RigidSupport

No-Slipbody 1

body 2

Temperature,

Stress,

Strain,

T

Geometry

Object representation of product-independent

analytical engineering concepts


21/55

Example Industrial Needs:

Common Structures Workstation (CSW) Request for InformationPublicly available document (see http://eislab.gatech.edu/projects/boeing-psi/2000-06-csw-rfi/ )

Common Structures Workstation (CSW) Request for Information
http://eislab.gatech.edu/projects/boeing-psi/2000-06-csw-rfi/http://eislab.gatech.edu/projects/boeing-psi/2000-06-csw-rfi/http://eislab.gatech.edu/projects/boeing-psi/2000-06-csw-rfi/http://eislab.gatech.edu/projects/boeing-psi/2000-06-csw-rfi/http://eislab.gatech.edu/projects/boeing-psi/2000-06-csw-rfi/http://eislab.gatech.edu/projects/boeing-psi/2000-06-csw-rfi/


22/55

Common Structures Workstation (CSW) Request for Information

June 2000, The Boeing Company.

Appendix B: Required Standard Analysis Methods

Available at http://eislab.gatech.edu/projects/boeing-psi/2000-06-csw-rfi/

~110

generic template

groupings


23/55


(continued)


24/55

COB-based Libraries of Analysis Building Blocks (ABBs)Material Model and Continuum ABBs - Constraint Schematic-S

Material Model ABB

Continuum ABBs

modular

re-usage

E

One D Linear

Elastic Model

T

G

e

t

material model

polar moment of inertia,J

radius, r

undeformed length,Lo

twist,

theta start, 1

theta end, 2

r1

12

=

r3

0L

r=

J

rTr=

torque, Tr

x

TT

G, r, , , , 1, 2,J

Lo

y

material model

temperature, T

reference temperature, To

force,F

area,A

undeformed length,Lo

total elongation,L

length,L

start,x1

end,x2

E

One D Linear

Elastic Model

(no shear)

T

e

t

r1

12 xxL =

r2

oLLL =

r4

A

F=

edb.r1

oTTT =

r3

L

L=

x

FF

E, A,

LLo

T, ,

yL

Torsional Rod

Extensional Rod

temperature change,T

cte,

youngs modulus,E

stress,

shear modulus, G

poissons ratio,

shear stress, shear strain,

thermal strain, t

elastic strain, e

strain,

r2

r1)1(2 +=

EG

r3

r4Tt =

Ee

=

r5

G

=

te +=

1D Linear Elastic Model


25/55

COB-based Libraries of Analysis Building Blocks (ABBs)Material Model and Continuum ABBs - COB Structure-S

COB one_D_linear_elastic_model SUBTYPE_OF elastic_model;youngs_modulus, E : REAL;

poissons_ratio, : REAL;

cte, : REAL;

shear_modulus, G : REAL;

strain, : REAL;

stress, : REAL;

shear_stress, : REAL;

shear_strain, : REAL;

thermal_strain, t : REAL;

elastic_strain, e : REAL;

temperature_change, T : REAL;

RELATIONS

r1 : " * ( 2 * (1 + ) )

== ";

r2 : " == + ";

r3 : " == / ";

r4 : " == * ";r5 : " == / ";

END_COB;

COB one_D_linear_elastic_model_isothermal SUBTYPE_OF

one_D_linear_elastic_model;

RELATIONS

r6 : " == 0";

END_COB;

COB slender_body SUBTYPE_OF deformable_body;undeformed_length, L0 : REAL;

reference_temperature, T0 : REAL;

temperature, T : REAL;

RELATIONS

sb1 : "

== - ";

END_COB;

COB extensional_rod SUBTYPE_OF slender_body;

start, x1 : REAL;

end, x2 : REAL;

length, L : REAL;

total_elongation, L : REAL;

force, F : REAL;

area, A : REAL;

material_model : one_D_linear_elastic_model_noShear;RELATIONS

er1 : " == - ";

er2 : " == - ";

er3 : " == / ";

er4 : " == / ";

END_COB;

Multi Representation Architecture for


26/55




ABB SMM



SMMABB

APM ABB

CBAM

APM



Solder Joint

Component

PWB

body3

body2

body1

body4

T0


SolderJoint

Component

Analyzable

Product Model O(10,000)


27/55


28/55


29/55


(continued)

e

se

tr

Pf

02=

21

e

be

ht

PCf =

),,( 13 hbrfK =

e

se

tr

Pf

02=

e

se

tr

Pf

02=

21

e

be

ht

PCf =

21

e

be

ht

PCf =

),,( 13 hbrfK = ),,( 13 hbrfK =


30/55

Bike Frame Bulkhead Fitting Analysis TemplateUsing Constrained Object (COB) Knowledge/Info Representation

0.4375 in

0.5240 in

0.0000 in

2.440 in

1.267 in

0.307 in

0.5 in

0.310 in

2.088 in

1.770 in

67000 psi

65000 psi

57000 psi

52000 psi

39000 psi

0.067 in/in

0.030 in/in

5960 Ibs

1

10000000 psi

9.17

5.11

9.77

bulkhead fitting attach point

LE7K18

2G7T12U (Detent 0, Fairing Condition 1)

L29 -300

Outboard TE Flap, Support No 2;Inboard Beam, 123L4567

Bulkhead Fitting Joint

Program

Part

Feature

Channel FittingStatic Strength Analysis

Template

1 of 1Dataset

strength model

r1

e

b

h

tb

te

Pu

Ftu

E

r2

r0

a

FtuLT

Fty

FtyLT

epuLT

tw

MSwall

epu

jm

MSepb

MSeps


Fsu

IAS Function

Ref DM 6-81766

end pad

base

material

wall

analysis context

mode: (ultimate static strength)

condition:

heuristic: overall fitting factor,Jm

bolt

fitting

head radius, r1hole radius, ro

width, b

eccentricity, e

thickness, te

height, h

radius, r2

thickness, tb

hole

thickness, tw

angled height, a

max allowable ultimate stress,

allowable ultimate long transverse stress,

max allowable yield stress,

max allowable long transverse stress,

max allowable shear stress,

plastic ultimate strain,

plastic ultimate strain long transverse,

young modulus of elasticity,

load,Pu

Ftu

Fty

FtyLTFsu

epu

epuLTE

FtuLT

product structure

(channel fitting joint)

e

se

tr

Pf

02=

21

e

be

ht

PCf =

),,( 13 hbrfK=

18 associativity relations


31/55

Quantity estimates by MRA representation type


ABB SMM



SMMABB

APM ABB

CBAM

APM



Solder Joint

Component

PWB

body3

body2

body1

body4

T0


SolderJoint

Component

Analyzable

Product Model

O(100) tools

O(100) types

O(10,000)


32/55

CAD-CAE associativity relations

are represented as APM-ABB relations (in CBAMs)


ABB SMM



SMMABB

APM ABB

CBAM

APM



Solder Joint

Component

PWB

body3

body2

body1

body4

T0


SolderJoint

Component

Analyzable

Product Model

O(1,000,000) relations

An associativity gap

is a computer-insensible relation

Associativity Gaps


33/55

e

se

tr

Pf

02=

21

e

be

ht

PCf =

),,( 13 hbrfK=

Channel Fitting Analysis

Associativity Gaps

between CAD and CAE Models

Analysis Model

(with Idealized Features)

Detailed Design Model

Idealizations

1 : b = cavity3.inner_width + rib8.thickness/2

+ rib9.thickness/2

...

It is no secret that CAD models are driving more of todays product development

processes ... With the growing number of design tools on the market, however, the

interoperability gap with downstream applications, such as finite element analysis,

is a very real problem. As a result, CAD models are being recreated at

unprecedented levels. Ansys/ITI press Release, July 6 1999http://www.ansys.com/webdocs/VisitAnsys/CorpInfo/PR/pr-060799.html

Noexplicit

fine-grained

CAD-CAE

associativity


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Bike Frame Bulkhead Fitting Analysis TemplateUsing Constrained Object (COB) Knowledge/Info Representation

0.4375 in

0.5240 in

0.0000 in

2.440 in

1.267 in

0.307 in

0.5 in

0.310 in

2.088 in

1.770 in

67000 psi

65000 psi

57000 psi

52000 psi

39000 psi

0.067 in/in

0.030 in/in

5960 Ibs

1

10000000 psi

9.17

5.11

9.77

bulkhead fitting attach point

LE7K18

2G7T12U (Detent 0, Fairing Condition 1)

L29 -300

Outboard TE Flap, Support No 2;Inboard Beam, 123L4567

Bulkhead Fitting Joint

Program

Part

Feature


Template

1 of 1Dataset

strength model

r1

e

b

h

tb

te

Pu

Ftu

E

r2

r0

a

FtuLT

Fty

FtyLT

epuLT

tw

MSwall

epu

jm

MSepb

MSeps


Fsu

IAS Function

Ref DM 6-81766

end pad

base

material

wall

analysis context

mode: (ultimate static strength)

condition:

heuristic: overall fitting factor,Jm

bolt

fitting

head radius, r1hole radius, ro

width, b

eccentricity, e

thickness, te

height, h

radius, r2

thickness, tb

hole

thickness, tw

angled height, a

max allowable ultimate stress,

allowable ultimate long transverse stress,

max allowable yield stress,

max allowable long transverse stress,

max allowable shear stress,

plastic ultimate strain,

plastic ultimate strain long transverse,

young modulus of elasticity,

load,Pu

Ftu

Fty

FtyLTFsu

epu

epuLTE

FtuLT

product structure

(channel fitting joint)

e

se

tr

Pf

02=

21

e

be

ht

PCf =

),,( 13 hbrfK=

18 CAD-CAE associativity relations


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~1M Associativity GapsReference: http://eislab.gatech.edu/pubs/conferences/2003-asme-detc-peak/

Categories of Gap Costs

Associativity time & labor- Manual maintenance

- Little re-use

- Lost knowledge Inconsistencies Limited analysis usage

- Fewer parts analyzed

- Fewer iterations per part Wrong values

- Too conservative:

Extra part costs and

performance inefficiencies

- Too loose:

Re-work, failures, law suits

e

se

tr

Pf

02=

21

e

be

ht

PCf =

),,( 13 hbrfK=

Analysis Model(with Idealized Features)

Detailed Design Model

Channel Fitting Analysis

idealizations

Noexplicit

fine-grained

CAD-CAE

associativity

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

( ) ( ) ( )000,000,10$gap

$10gaps000,000,1

gaps000,000,1analysis

variables10

part

analyses10parts000,10

OOO

OOOO

=

=

Initial Cost Estimate per Complex Product(only for manual maintenance costs of structural analysis problems)


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Cost Estimate per Complex Product p.1/2Manual Maintenance of Associativity Gaps in Structural Analysis Problems

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

( ) ( ) ( )000,000,10$gap

$10gaps000,000,1


variables10

part


OOO

OOOO

=

=

Reference: http://eislab.gatech.edu/pubs/reports/EL004/
http://eislab.gatech.edu/pubs/reports/EL004/http://eislab.gatech.edu/pubs/reports/EL004/http://eislab.gatech.edu/pubs/reports/EL004/


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Cost Estimate per Complex Product p.2/2Manual Maintenance of Associativity Gaps in Structural Analysis Problems

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

( ) ( ) ( )000,000,10$gap

$10gaps000,000,1


variables10

part


OOO

OOOO

=

=

Reference: http://eislab.gatech.edu/pubs/reports/EL004/

U i th M lti R t ti A hit t
http://eislab.gatech.edu/pubs/reports/EL004/http://eislab.gatech.edu/pubs/reports/EL004/http://eislab.gatech.edu/pubs/reports/EL004/


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Using the Multi-Representation Architecture

(MRA)

x MRA: Similar to software design patternsfor CAD-CAE domain

Identifies patterns between CAD and CAE

(including new types of objects)

Captures multi-fidelity explicit associativity

x Provides hybrid top-down & bottom-up methodology

for characterizing problems & solutions

O(1,000,000) CAD-CAE gap estimate


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Backup Slides

A I t d ti t X A l i I t ti (XAI)


41/55

An Introduction to X-Analysis Integration (XAI)Short Course Outline

Part 1: Constrained Objects (COBs) Primer Nomenclature

Part 2: Multi-Representation Architecture (MRA) Primer Analysis Integration Challenges

Overview of COB-based XAI

Ubiquitization Methodology

Part 3: Example Applications Airframe Structural Analysis (Boeing)

Circuit Board Thermomechanical Analysis(DoD: ProAM; JPL/NASA)

Chip Package Thermal Analysis (Shinko)

Summary

Part 4: Advanced Topics & Current Research

Constrained Object (COB) Representation


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Constrained Object (COB) RepresentationCurrent Technical Capabilities -Generation 2

x Capabilities & features: Various forms: computable lexical forms, graphical forms, etc.

Enables both computer automation and human comprehension

Sub/supertypes, basic aggregates, multi-fidelity objects

Multi-directionality (I/O changes)

Reuses external programs as white box relations

Advanced associativity added to COTS frameworks & wrappers

x Analysis module/template applications (XAI/MRA): Analysis template languages

Product model idealizations Explicit associativity relations with design models & other analyses

White box reuse of existing tools (e.g., FEA, in-house codes)

Reusable, adaptable analysis building blocks

Synthesis (sizing) and verification (analysis)

C t i d Obj t


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Constrained Objects (cont.)Representation Characteristics & Advantages - Gen. 2

x

Overall characteristics Declarative knowledge representation (non-causal) Combining object & constraint graph techniques

COBs = (STEP EXPRESS subset) +

(constraint graph concepts & views)

x Advantages over traditional analysis representations Greater solution control

Richer semantics

(e.g., equations wrapped in engineering context)

Unified views of diverse capabilities (tool-independent) Capture of reusable knowledge

Enhanced development of complex analysis models

x Toolkit status (XaiTools v0.4)

Basic framework, single user-oriented, file-based

SeeAdvancedTopics

forGen.3Extensions

COB M d li L


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COB Modeling LanguagesLexical and Graphical Formulations

Structure

Level

(Template)

Instance

Level

Subsystem-S

Object Relationship Diagram-S

COB StructureDefinition Language

(COS)

I/O Table-S

Constraint Graph-S

Constraint Schematic-S

STEP

Express

Express-G

Lexical Formulations

OWL UMLXML

COB Instance

Definition Language

(COI)

Constraint Graph-I

Constraint Schematic-I

STEP

Part 21

200 lbs

30e6 psi

100 lbs20.2 in

R101

R101

100 lbs

30e6 psi

200 lbs

20.2 in OWL UML

Lexical Formulations

XML

OWL, XML, and UML formulations

are envisioned extensions


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T ri a n g le

dh

Ab

T ri a n g le

dh

Ab

Tutorial: Triangle Primitive

variable subvariablesubsystem

equality relation

relation

s

a b

dc

a

b

d

c

e

a.das

r1

r1(a,b,s.c)

e = f

subvariable s.b

[1.2]

[1.1]

option 1.1

f

f = s.d

option 1.2

f = g

option category 1

gcbe =

r2

h of cob type h

wL [ j:1,n]

wj

aggregate c.w

element wj

Basic Constraint Schematic-S Notation

c. Constraint Schematic-Sa. Shape Schematic-S

222

2

1

:2

1:

hbdr

bhAr

+=

=

b. Relations-S

d. Subsystem-S(for reuse by other COBs)

h

b

Ad

base, br1

r2

bhA2

1=

height, h

222 hbd +=

area,A

diagonal, d

Aside: This is a usage view in AP210 terminology

(vs. the above design views)

COB B ildi Bl k


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T r i a n g u l aP r i s m

Vh

b

l

COBs as Building BlocksTutorial: Triangular Prism COB Structure

c. Constraint Schematic-Sa. Shape Schematic-S

b. Relations-S

d. Subsystem-S(for reuse by other COBs)

Triangle

dh

Ab

Triangle

dh

Ab

length, l volume, Vr1

AlV=

cross-sectionh

b

V l

AlVr =:1

e. Lexical COB Structure (COS)

COBtriangular_prism SUBTYPE_OF geometric_shape;

length, l : REAL;cross-section : triangle;

volume, V : REAL;

RELATIONSr1 : " == * ";

END_COB;

E l COB I t


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200 lbs

30e6 psiResult b = 30e6 psi

(output or intermediate variable)

Result c = 200 lbs

(result of primary interest)

X

Relation r1 is suspended

X r1

100 lbs Input a = 100 lbs

Equality relation is suspended

a

b

c

Example COB InstanceTutorial: Triangular Prism

Constraint Schematic-I Lexical COB Instance (COI)

state 1.0 (unsolved):

INSTANCE_OF triangular_prism;

cross-section.base : 2.0;cross-section.height : 3.0;

length : 5.0;

volume : ?;END_INSTANCE;

state 1.1 (solved):INSTANCE_OF triangular_prism;cross-section.base : 2.0;

cross-section.height : 3.0;

cross-section.area : 3.0;

length : 5.0;

volume : 15.0;

END_INSTANCE;

Basic Constraint Schematic-I Notation

example 1, state 1.1

Triangle

dh

Ab

Triangle

dh

Ab

length, l volume, Vr1AlV=

cross-section

3 in22 in

3 in

15 in35 in


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Tutorial Example:


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(1) Extension Analysis

a. 1D Extensional Rod

1. Behavior: Shaft Tension

2. Conditions:

Flaps down : F =

3. Part Features:(idealized)

4. Analysis Calculations:

1020 HR Steel

E= 30e6 psi

Leff =5.0 in

10000lbs

AF

=E

LL eff

=

5. Conclusion:

A = 1.125 in2

allowable = 18000 psi

== 1

allowableMS 1.025

(2) Torsion AnalysisFlap Link Analysis Documentation

b. 2D Plane Stress FEA...

material

effective length,Leff

deformation model


Lo

Extensional Rod

(isothermal)

F

L

A

L

E

x2

x1

youngs modulus,E

cross section area,A

al1

al3

al2

linkage

mode: shaft tension

condition reaction

allowable stress

y

xP

E, A

LLeff

,

Lts1

A

Sleeve 1

A ts2

ds2

ds1

Sleeve 2

L

Shaft

Leff

s

stress mos model


allowable

actual

MS

(1a) Analysis Template: Flap Link Extensional Model

APMABB

ABB

CBAM

SMM

Tutorial Example:

Flap Link Analysis Template (CBAM)

* Boundary condition objects & pullable views are WIP concepts*

Solution ToolInteraction

Boundary Condition Objects(links to other analyses)*

CAD-CAEAssociativity(idealization usage)

Material Models

Pullable

Views*

Geometry

Flap Linkage Instance


50/55

material

effective length,Leff

deformation model


Lo

Extensional Rod

(isothermal)

F

L

A

L

E

x2

x1

youngs modulus,E

shaft

critical_cross

_section

al1

al3

al2

linkage

mode: shaft tension

condition reaction

allowable stress

stress mos model

Margin of Safety

(> case)

allowable

actual

MS

description

area,Abasic

example 1, state 1

steel

10000 lbs

flaps mid position

1.125 in2

18000 psi

30e6 psi

1.025

5.0 in

8888 psi

1.43e-3 inFlap Link #3

material

effective length, Leff

deformation model


Lo

Extensional Rod(isothermal)

F

L

A

L

E

x2

x1

youngs modulus,E

shaftcritical_cross

_section

al1

al3

al2

linkage

mode: shaft tension

condition reaction

allowable stress

stress mos model

Margin of Safety

(> case)

allowable

actual

MS

description

area,Abasic

X

3.00e-3 in

1.125 in2

5.0 inFlap Link #3

0.0

steel10000 lbs

flaps mid position

18000psi

example 1, state 3

30e6 psi18000 psi

0.555 in2

Flap Linkage Instance

with Multi-Directional I/O States

Design Verification- Input: design details

- Output:

i) idealized design parameters

ii) physical response criteria

Design Synthesis- Input: desired physical

response criteria- Output:

i) idealized design

parameters

(e.g., for sizing), or

ii) detailed design

parameters

Flap Link Extensional Model (CBAM)


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Flap Link Extensional Model (CBAM)Example COB Instance inXaiTools (object-oriented spreadsheet)

Detailed CAD data

from CATIA

Idealized analysis featuresin APM

Explicit multi-directional associativit

between design & analysis

Modular generic analysis templates

(ABBs)

Library data for

materials

FocusPointof

CAD-CAEIntegration

example 1, state 1

U i I t t/I t t b d A l i S l


52/55

Using Internet/Intranet-based Analysis SolversWeb Services Architecture

Client PCs

XaiTools

Thick Client

Users

Internet

June99-Present:EIS Lab- Regular internal use

U-Engineer.com- Demo usage:

- US- Japan

Nov.00-Present:Electronics Co.- Production usage

(dept. Intranet)

Future:Company Intranet

and/or

U-Engineer.com(commercial)

- Other solvers

Iona orbixdj

Mathematica

Ansys

Int

ernet/Intrane

t

XaiTools Ansys

Solver ServerXaiTools Ansys

Solver ServerXaiTools Math.

Solver Server

CORBA Daemon

XaiTools Ansys

Solver Server

FEA Solvers

Math Solvers

CORBA Servers

COR

BA

IIOP

.

.

.

Engineering Service BureauHost Machines

Current Version:XaiTools Web Services - SOAP(adds Patran & Abaqus, ACIS, )


53/55

Convergence of Representations

Database Techniques(data structure, storage )Software Development(algorithms )

Artificial Intelligence

& Knowledge-Based Techniques(structure combined with algorithms/relations/behavior)

EER

STEP Express

ER

UML

Flow Charts

OMT

Objects

Rules

Constraint graphs

Constrained Object - like

RepresentationsCOBs, OCL, ...


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Short Course: Using Standards-based Engineering Frameworks for

Electronics Product Design and Life Cycle Support


55/55

Technique Summaryx Tool independent model interoperability

Application focus: analysis template methodology

x Multi-representation architecture (MRA)

& constrained objects (COBs): Addresses fundamental gaps:

Idealizations & CAD-CAE associativity:

multi-fidelity, multi-directional, fine-grained

Based on information & knowledge theory

Structured, flexible, and extensible

x Improved quality, cost, time: Capture engineering knowledge in a reusable form

Reduce information inconsistencies

Increase analysis intensity & effectiveness

Documents

2003 Asme Detc Peak