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1. The branches of the maxillary artery supply eachof the following EXCEPT one. Which one is thisEXCEPTION?A. Nasal septumB. Mandibular incisorsC. Hard and soft palateD. Skin of the foreheadE. Muscles of mastication

2. Which of the following actions is t least partiallydependent on an intact long thoracic nerve?A. Depression of the scapulaB. Retraction of the scapulaC. Protraction of the scapulaD. Medial rotation of the humerusE. Lateral rotation of the humerus

3. Which of the following represents a wellvascularized structure in the temporomandibularjoint?A. Retrodiscal padB. Fibrous covering of the condyleC. Central portion of the articular discD. Fibrous covering of the articular eminenceE. Fibrous covering of the condylar surface

4. Which of the following procedures dependsprimarily on electrostatic net charge?A. DialysisB. ElectrophoresisC. X-ray diffractionD. UltracentrifugationE. Molecular sieve chromatography

5. Which of the following best describes collagen?A. A soluble fiber of ground substanceB. The most abundant protein in the bodyC. A fibrous protein with a high content of

tryptophanD. A globular protein with a high content ofhydroxyproline

6. The cervical ridge would stand out mostprominently as a distinct entity on which of thefollowing primary maxillary molars?A. Mesiofacial of the firstB. Distofacial of the firstC. Mesiofacial of the secondD. Distofacial of the second

7. Which of the following muscles position thecondyles in the most superior anterior position?A. Masseters and digastricsB. Masseters and medial pterygoidsC. Temporalis and sternocleidomastoidsD. Temporalis and superior lateral pterygoidsE. Medial pterygoids and sternocleidomastoids

8. When a parent notices an erupting tooth in achild's mouth at 6 months of age, it is most likely aprimaryA. maxillary lateral incisor.B. mandibular central incisor.C. mandibular canine.D. mandibular first molar.

9. Which of the following explains penicillin resistancein Neisseria gonorrhoeaeA. A spontaneous chromosomal mutation ofgonorrhea organismsB. The production of a plasmid-encoded BlactamaseC. A change in the permeability of the cell wallD. Efflux mechanism to export drug from thecellE. Mutational alteration of the drug target

10. An acute arthritis of the great toe is a classic signof which of the following diseases?A. Rheumatoid arthritisB. OsteoarthritisC. OsteomyelitisD. OsteoporosisE. Gout

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11. Specialvisceralafferentfibersfortasteare 16. Thelingualcusp(s)onwhichof thefollowingconveyedinwhich of thefol lowingcranialnerves? mandibularposterior teeth is(are)approximately

2 3 theheightof therespectivefacialcusp(s)?A. V, VII,andIXB. VII, IX,andX A. FirstpremolarC. VII,IX,andXII B. SecondpremolarD. XIIonly C. Firstmolar

D. SecondmolarE. Thirdmolar

12. Thegastroduodenalarteryisusuallyadirectbranchof whichof thefollowingarteries?

17. ThespacingnormallyseenbetweentheprimaryA. Celiac anteriorteethof afive-year-oldchildismostlikelyB. Hepatic causedbyC. SplenicD. Superiormesenteric A. thepresenceof anexcessivemaxillarylabialfrenum.

B. thumbsucking.13. Thecellsof thestratumgranulosuminthe C. tonguethrusting.

keratinizedportionsof theoralmucosaare D. growthof thedentalarches.characterizedbywhich of thefollowing?A. Thepresenceof numerouskeratohyalin 18. Whichof thefollowingincisorsareusuallythelastgranules toerupt?B. Beingtheonlycellswithmembranecoatingvesicles A. Maxil larycentral C. Theabilitytodivideandgiverisetonew B. Mandibularcentralcellsintheepithelium C. MaxillarylateralD. Exhibitingthehighestmetabolicactivity of all D. MandibularlateralcellsintheoralepitheliumE. Thepresenceof thegreatestnumberofdesmosomes(intercellularbridges) 19. Avirusassociatedwiththe inductionof cervicalcomparedtotheotherstrata carcinomaiswhich of thefollowing?

A. Adenovirus14. ChambersXandYare separatedbyabiologic B. C-typevirusmembrane. Initially,both chamberscontainwater. C. Varicellazostervirus

Additionof whichof thefollowingsolutionswill D. Epstein-BarrvirusE. Humanpapillomaviruscauseanetmovementof waterfromXtoY?

A. Non-permeatingsolutetoXB. Non-permeatingsolutetoY 20. Whichof thefollowinginfectionsisoftenseenasaC. PermeatingsolutetoX white,patchylesionontheoralmucosa inD. PermeatingsolutetoY debilitatedpatients?

A. Coccidiomycosis15. Whichof thefollowingmembranecomponents B. Histoplasmosis

consistsof glycerol,phosphate,fattyacids,and C. Aspergillosischoline? D. BlastomycosisE. CandidiasisA. CephalinB. LecithinC. GangliosideD. CerebrosideE. Sphingomyelin

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21. Each of the following muscles is a primary elevatorof the mandible EXCEPT one. Which one is thisEXCEPTION?A. MasseterB. TemporalisC. Medial pterygoidD. Lateral pterygoid

22. The inferior vena cava passes through thediaphragm at the level of which of the following?A. T8B. T10C. T12D. L2

23. The trigeminal nerve distributes special visceralefferent nerve fibers toA. temporalis and frontalis.B. temporalis and buccinator.C. tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani.D. posterior belly of the digastric andstylohyoid.

24. Which amino acid possesses a hydrophobic sidechain?A. LysineB. CysteineC. LeucineD. HydroxyprolineE. Glycine

25. An axon is stimulated by a threshold stimulus andthen by a stimulus three times as strong as thefirst. The resulting impulse in the latter instance willhaveA. the same amplitude and velocity.B. the same amplitude but less velocity.C. less amplitude but the same velocity.D. one-third the amplitude and velocity.E. three times the amplitude and velocity.

26. The erupted dentition of a normally developed 7year-old child usually consists ofA. 8 primary and 8 permanent teeth.B. 10 primary and 10 permanent teeth.C. 12 primary and 8 permanent teeth.D. 18 primary and 6 permanent teeth.E. 2 primary teeth.

27. Primary teeth differ from permanent teeth in thatprimary teethA. have longer crowns compared with theirmesiodistal diameters.B. are smaller mesiodistally than theirreplacement teeth.C. have comparatively larger pulp cavities.D. have less pronounced cervical ridges.E. have wider crowns faciolingually.

28. Mandibular canines normally erupt at ageA. 5-6.B. 7-8.C. 9-10.D. 11-12.E. 13-14.

29. Protective antibodies produced as a result ofrecovery from hepatitis B infection include which ofthe following?A. HBc gB. HBe gC. HBs gD. HDV g

30. Which of the following neoplasms is associatedwith the Epstein-Barr virus?A. Oral carcinomaB. LymphangiomaC. Nasopharyngeal carcinomaD. Choriocarcinoma

31. The foramen magnum serves as a port of entry tothe cranial cavity forA. the basilar artery.B. the vertebral artery.C. the vagus and accessory nerves.D. the spinal portion of accessory nerve andthe posterior meningeal artery.E. the anterior spinal artery and the bulbarportion of the eleventh cranial nerve.

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32. Thefacialarteryisusuallyabranchofwhichofthe 36 Fromaproximalview, whichofthefollowingfollowingarteries? describesthecrownoutlineon amandibular

posteriortooth?A. ExternalcarotidB. Internalcarotid A. Itis designedtoprotectagainstrootfractureC. Superiorthyroid byhavingthecrownstructureserveas rootD. Occipital support.E. Maxillary B. Itis designedtoallowforaminimumamountofchewingefficiencyon thecoronalsurfaceofthetooth.

C. Itisusuallyrhomboidalandhasadesign33. Afteran automobileaccident,apatient'schin flawthatencouragescuspfracture.deviatestothelefton openinghismouthwidely. D. Itisusuallytrapezoidaland hasadesignHismandibleisprobablyfracturedatwhicho the flawthatencouragescuspfracture.followingpoints?A. GenialtubercleB. Leftcondylarneck 37. Whencomparedtothepermanentdentition,theC. Rightcondylarneck primarydentitionnormallyexhibitsD. LeftmentalforamenE. Rightmentalforamen A. fewermolars.

B. fewerincisors.C. fewercanines.D. moreincisors.34. Whicho thefollowingaminoacidscontainsoneor E. moretotalteeth.moreatomsofsulfurpermolecule?

A. ValineB. Lysine 38. Whicho thefollowingprimaryteethshowtheC. Alanine earliestevidenceofcalcification in utero?D. MethionineE. Phenylalanine A. IncisorsB. Canines

C. FirstmolarsD. Secondmolars35. Celluloseisnotdigestedbyhumansbecauseit

A. is arelativelyinsolubleprotein-carbohydratecomplexinaccessibletoourdigestive 39. Mostcasesofencephalitisarecausedbywhichofenzymes. thefollowing?B. is amucopolysaccharide,forwhichtherearenohydrolyticenzymes. A. FungiC. is highlysulfated,makingitinaccessibleto B. Virusesmostglycosidases. C. ProtozoaD. is apolymerof13-linked glucosemolecules D. Bacteriaforwhichwehavenodigestiveenzymes. E. RickettsiaE. resistsenzymeactionbecauseofitshighlybranchedstructure.

40. To whichofthefollowingdoescarcinomao theprostatemostoftenmetastasize?A. LungB. LiverC. BrainD. SpleenE. Skeleton

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41. Thesplenicarteryisfound in whichof thefollowing 46. Whenafourthrootcanalexists in amaxillaryfirstligaments? molar,itismostlikelylocatedinwhichof the

followingroots?A. Lieno-renalB. Hepatogastric A. LingualC. Gastro-lienal B. DistofacialD. Hepatoduodenal C. DistolingualE. Ligamentumvenosum D. Mesiofacial

E. Mesiolingual42. Eachof thefollowingisfoundintheepidermis

EXCEPTone.WhichoneisthisEXCEPTION? 47. Whichof thefollowingrepresentsthenumberofmolarsthat isnormallyfound in theentireprimaryA. Keratohyaline dentition?B. Desmosomes

C. Capillaries A. 2D. Mitoticcells B. 4E. Freenerveendings C. 6

D. 8E. 12

43. Whichof thefollowingpassesthroughtheforamenova Ie of thecranium? 48. Whichof thefollowinganatomicstructures of aA. Opticnerve maxillaryfirstmolarmovesthroughthedistofacialB. Mandibularnerve grooveof amandibularfirstmolar?C. MaxillaryarteryD. Greaterpetrosalnerve A. MesialmarginalridgeE. Middlemeningealartery B. Distalmarginalridge

C. MesiofacialcuspD. Distofacialcusp

44. Eachof thefollowingsubstancesisa E. ObliqueridgeglycosaminoglycanEXCEPTone. WhichoneistheEXCEPTION?

49. PathologicchangesfoundinheartvalvesinA. Heparin rheumaticfeveraretheresultof whichof theB. Ceramide following?C. HyaluronateD. Dermatansulfate A. Inbornerrorof metabolism E. Chondroitinsulfate B. Generalizedinhibition of theinflammatorymechanismC. Liberationof nonspecifictoxinsfroma

45. Tetrodotoxinblockswhichof thefollowingchannels distantsiteinnerve-axonmembranes? D Directinvasionof microorganismsfromthebloodstreamA. Sodium E. Autoimmunereactiontriggered yhemolyticB. Calcium streptococciC, HydrogenD. ChlorideE. Potassium 50. Whichof thefollowingisacomponentof bacterialcellwallpeptidoglycan?

A. ChitinB. N-acetyl-muramicacidC. CelluloseD. LipopolysaccharideE. Glucans

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51. Thebifurcationofthetrachealiesatthelevelof 56. Amotheringestedtetracyclineantibioticsduringwhichofthefollowingstructures? thesecondtrimesterof pregnancy.Thismedication

canaffectthecalcificationofthecrownso whichA. Sternalangle o thefollowingteethoftheinfant?B. XiphisternaljunctionC. Thirdthoracicvertebra A. All primaryteethD. Secondthoracicvertebra B. PrimaryteethandpermanentmandibularE. Attachmentof thefourthcostalcartilageto centralincisorsthesternum C. Primaryteethandpermanentmandibularfirstmolars

D. Primaryteethand permanentincisors52. Whichof thefollowingcanbeused,onahistologic E. Primaryteeth,permanentincisors,and

level,todistinguishbetweenasectionofthearch mandibularfirstmolarsoftheaortaandasectionofthebrachialartery?A. Typeofendothelium 57. Whichofthefollowingis adistinguishingB. Widthoftunicaintima characteristico amandibularlateralincisor?C. Typeoftissuein thetunicaadventitiaD. Compositionoftissue in thetunicamedia A. TheincisaledgefollowsthearchcurvatureE. Typeoftissuedirectlyunderlyingthe in relationtothefaciolingualaxis.endothelium B. Theincisaledge is perpendiculartothe

faciolingualaxis.C. Thecervicallinecurvatureisgreaterdistallythanmesially.53. Thehypophysis(pituitarygland) is located in the D. Theincisaledgeis lingualtotheroot

A. sellaturcica. bisector.B. fourthventricle. E. ThemesiodistaldimensionofthefacialC. anteriorcranialfossa. surfaceis narrowerthanthatofamandibularD. posteriorcranialfossa. central incisor.E. superiororbitalfissure.

58. Whichofthefollowingteethmorelikelyhaveonly54. Whicho thefollowingis apyrimidinebasethat is oneornopulphorns?

presentin RNA, butis NOTpresentin DNA? A. MaxillaryincisorsA. Uracil B. MandibularincisorsB. Guanine C. MaxillarypremolarsC. Thymine D. MandibularpremolarsD. Adenine E. MaxillarymolarsE. Cytosine

59. EachofthefollowingisassociatedwithTetralogy55. Themaintenanceo apolarizedstatein aresting ofFallotEXCEPTone. Which one is the

nerverequireswhicho thefollowing? EXCEPTION?A. Passageofnerveimpulses A. DextroposedaortaB. Releaseofacetylcholine B. PulmonicstenosisC. Continuousexpenditureofenergy C. VentricularseptaldefectD. Continuouspresenceo stimuli D. LeftventricularhypertrophyE. Rightventricularhypertrophy

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60. Production of exotoxins by orynebacterium 66. From an occlusal view, which of the followingdiphtheriae requires which of the fol/owing genetic anatomical features are frequently found on bothprocesses? the primary maxillary first and second molars?A. Mutation A. Four major cusps are evident.B. Conjugation B. Oblique ridges are well developed.C. Transformation C. Marginal ridges are well developed.D. Lysogenic conversion D. The outline forms are rectangular in shape.E. The crowns converge to the distal andlingual aspects.

61. The vertebral artery is typically a branch of theA. aorta. 67. Which of the following statements bestB. axillary artery. characterizes the maxillary canines?C. subclavian artery.D. brachiocephalic artery. A. Have only 3-point anglesE. common carotid artery. B. Erupt between the ages of 9 and 10 yearsC. Possess a root system that suggestsbifurcationD. Have roots that, although under bone,62. Each of the following statements is correct dictate alveolar wall morphologyregarding the levator veli palatini EXCEPT one. E. Are narrower through the crowns and rootWhich one is the EXCEPTION? on the facial than on the lingual surfaceA. It is an extrinsic muscle of the soft palate.B. It elevates the soft palate.C. It is innervated by the vagus nerve. 68. The longest cusp in the mouth is present on theD. It inserts in a palatine aponeurosis.E. It hooks under the hamulus. A. maxillary central incisor.B. mandibular lateral incisor.C. maxillary canine.D. mandibular canine.63. The inferior band of the cruciate ligament of theatlas attaches at theA. body of the axis. 69. Which of the following mechanisms would mostB. margin of the foramen magnum. likely be involved in the development of acuteC. apex of the odontoid process. pulmonary edema in a patient with congestiveD. posterior tubercle of the atlas. heart failure?

A. Increased vascular permeabili ty64. Which of the following is a nucleotide? B. Increased plasma osmotic pressureC. Decreased plasma osmotic pressure

A. Urate D. Increased intravascular hydrostatic pressureB. Uracil E. Decreased intravascular hydrostaticC. Ribose pressureD. AdenosineE. Thymidylate

70. Which of the following represents an endotoxiccellular component of many gram-negative bacteria

65. Which of the following characterizes the generator that accumulates in the gingival crevice in thepotential of a receptor? absence of good oral hygiene?A. An all-or-none response A. Cytoplasmic RNAB. Propagated in a non-decremental manner B. Flagellar proteinC. Universally present in all nerve tissues C. Capsular polysaccharidesD. Graded according to the strength of the D. Lipopolysaccharide-protein complexstimulus E. Bacterial metabolites including enzymes

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71. Which of the following nerves is located directly on 77 Which of the following teeth would more frequentlythe lateral surface of the medial pterygoid muscle? have a mesial concavity on its crown?A Facial A Maxillary central incisorB Lingual B Mandibular lateral incisorC Masseteric C Mandibular canineD Long) buccal D Mandibular second premolarE Auriculotemporal E Mandibular first molar

72 The ulna articulates with which of the following 78 Contraction of the posterior fibers of the temporalisparts of the humerus? muscle results in the mandibleA Head A closing.B Lateral epicondyle S retruding.C Capitulum C protruding.D Greater tubercle D opening with translation.E Trochlea E opening without translation.

73 Each of the following foramina transmits nerves 79 Local injury to arteries or veins and turbulence ofcontaining SVE fibers EXCEPT one. Which one is blood flow might lead directly tothe EXCEPTION? A atrophy.A Foramen ovale B embolism.BC

Jugular foramenHypoglossal canalCD

ischemia.hemorrhage.D Stylomastoid foramen E thrombosis.

74 Which of the following represents the twopyrimidine bases in DNA?A Uracil and thymineB Adenosine and uracilC Cytosine and thymineD Guanine and cytosineE Guanine and adenosine

80 Which of the following is an intracellular parasite?A. spergillus flavusB Nocardia asteroidesC Coccidioides immitisD Histoplasma capsulatumE Cryptococcus neoformans

75 Which of the following is a natural opiatesynthesized by the central nervous system?

81 In the developing spinal cord, the marginal layer ofthe alar plate develops into which of the followingadult structures?

ABCDE

DopamineSerotoninEnkephalinSubstance PAcetylcholine

ABCD

Motor axonsSensory axonsMotor neuronsSensory neurons

76 Which of the following anatomic characteristicsdistinguishes a maxillary canine from a mandibularfirst premolar?

82 Cutaneous innervation of the chin and lower lip ismediated by which of the following?A Mental nerveB Facial nerve

ABC

Presence of a facial cuspPresence of an occlusal tablePresence of a bifurcated rootC.DE

Inferior alveolar nerveBuccal nerve of VBranches of the maxillary division of VDE

Mesiodistal width of the crownSteepness of the mesial cusp angles

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83. Eacho thefollowingstructureso theposterior 88. Eacho thefollowing is consideredasupportingtrianglearedeepto itsfascialfloorEXCEPTthe cuspEXCEPTone.Whichone is the

EXCEPTION?A. phrenicnerve.B. brachialplexus. A. Buccalcuspo mandibularfirstpremolarC. transversecervicalnerve. B. LingualcuspofmaxillaryfirstpremolarD. transversecervicalartery. C. Distobuccalcuspofmandibularfirstmolar

D. DistolingualcuspofmaxillaryfirstmolarE. Mesiolingualcuspofamandibularsecond84. Whicho thefollowingcandecreasethe molar

concentrationo creatinephosphateinaskeletalmusclefiber?

89. PassivecongestionoccurswhenincreasedA. Glycolysis amountso blood in thetissuescollectsecondaryB. Coricycle toC. MusclecontractionD. Oxidativedecarboxylation A. hyperplasia.E. Oxidativephosphorylation B. hypertension.

C. inflammation.D. arterialdilatation.

85. Eacho thefollowingincreaseswhenthe E. venousobstruction.sympatheticnervoussystem is activatedEXCEPTone. WhichoneistheEXCEPTION?

90. Whicho thefollowinghasapersistentA. Bloodflowtotheskin antimicrobialeffect?B. ArterialpressureC. Mentalactivity A. AlcoholD. Bloodglucoseconcentration B. AnionicdetergentE. Bloodflowtoskeletalmuscle C. Cationicdetergent

D. ChlorhexidinegluconateE. Quaternaryammoniumcompound

86. Whicho thefollowingisamajorfunctiono themasticatorysystem? 91. Whicho thefollowingmusclesinsertsontheA. Tonguebiting lateralsurfaceo theangleo themandible?B. TonguethrustingC Cheekbiting A. MasseterLipsucking B. TemporalisE. Speaking C. Buccinator

D. MedialpterygoidE. Lateralpterygoid

87. Themesiolingualgrooveextendingbetweenthemesialmarginalridgeandthelingualcuspmaybe 92. Eachofthefollowingstructuresis locatedatthefoundona boundarybetweenthebodyandtherooto theA. mandibularfirstpremolar. tongueEXCEPTone.Whichone is theB. mandibularsecondpremolar. EXCEPTION?C. maxillaryfirstpremolar.D. maxillarysecondpremolar. A. LingualrapheB. Foramencecum

C. SulcusterminalisD. Circumvallatepapillae

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93. Alymphnodewithgroupso highlyactivegerminalcentersismostoftenindicative o whicho thefollowing?A. AdolescenceB. NodularinvolutionC. Presenceo aninfectionD. GerminalcenterdegenerationE. Imminentdegeneration o thelymphnode

94. AnenzymecatalyzesareactionbyA. raisingtheenergyo theproducts.B. raisingtheenergyo thereactants.C. lowering theenergyo thereactants.D. raisingtheenergyo activation.E. loweringtheenergyo activation.

95. Eacho thefollowingmechanismsisactivatedinresponsetoheatEXCEPTone. WhichistheEXCEPTION?A. PantingB. SweatingC. Losso appetiteD. PeripheralvasoconstrictionE. Decreasein voluntaryactivity

96. Intheintercuspalposition,thecusp o CarabellionamaxillaryfirstmolaropposestheA. distaltriangularfossa o themandibularfirst

molar.B. mesialtriangularfossa o themandibularsecondmolar.C. lingualembrasurebetweenthemandibularfirstandsecondmolars.D. facial portiono thecentralfossa o themandibularfirstmolar.E. lingualportiono thecentralfossao themandibularfirstmolar.

97. Adistinguishingcharacteristic o amaxillarysecondpremolaris thepresenceoA. twodistinctroots.B. amesiolingualgroove.C. longerlingualcuspthanfacialcusp.D. aconcavityo themesialcrownsurface.E. ashortcentralgroovemesiodistally.

98. MammelonsarenormallyfoundA. in adultpatientsonly.B. ontheincisalridgeo anteriorteeth.C. onthelingualsurfaceo anteriorteeth.D. in thedeptho anocclusalfossaonposteriorteeth.E. onthecervicalportion o themarginalridges

o posteriorteeth.

99. Whicho thefollowingis anendogenousbacterialinfection?A. TrachomaB. CandidiasisC. ShigellosisD. BrucellosisE. Actinomycosis

100. A43-year-oldmalepatientpresentswithmultipleboneradiolucencies. Laboratoryresultsrevealelevatedserumcalcium,decreasedserumphosphorus,andnormalalkalinephosphataselevels. Whicho thefollowingisthemostlikelydiagnosis?A. OsteomalaciaB. PagetdiseaseC. FibrousdysplasiaD. HyperparathyroidismE. Metastaticprostatecarcinoma

101. Inthedevelopingspinalcord,themantlelayerothebasalplatedevelopsintowhicho thefollowingadultstructures?A. MotoraxonsB. SensoryaxonsC. MotorneuronsD. Sensoryneurons

102. Theoralparto thepharynxcommunicatesdirectlywiththeoralcavityandwhicho thefollowingareas?A. TracheaandesophagusB. TracheaandmaxillarysinusC. LarynxandtympaniccavityD. LaryngopharynxandnasopharynxE. Laryngopharynxandnasalcavity

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103. A drug (D) has a p of 6.4. At a pH of 7.4, which ofthe following approximates the ratio of theunprotonated form to the protonated form (i.e.,D-/HD)?A. 0B. 0.1C. 1D. 10

104. Sympathetic stimulation affects carbohydratemetabolism becauseA. epinephrine increases liver glycogenolysis.B. peripheral tissues require epinephrine totake up glucose.C. sympathetic nerves to the pancreas increaseinsulin release.D. insulin cannot act on the liver in the absence

of epinephrine.

105. A person is playing tennis in a dry climate in whichthe temperature is 110F. Most of this person'sheat loss occurs byA. alteration in hypothalamic setpoint.B. enhanced baroreceptor activity.C. enhanced sympathetic activity.D. enhanced parasympathetic activity.

106. Which of the following represents the usual color ofthe crowns of primary teeth?A. Grayish-whiteB. Yellowish-white

C. Darker than the crowns of permanent teethD. Same color as the crowns of permanentteethE. Whiter than the crowns of permanent teeth

107. On the maxillary first molar crown, the distolingualgroove normallyA. originates in the central pit.B. originates and terminates in pits.C. parallels the transverse ridge.

108. Most bacterial endotoxins are composed of whichof the following?A. ProteinsB. CarbohydratesC. HeteropolysaccharidesD. Mucoprotein complexesE. Lipoprotein-polysaccharide complexes

109. Which of the following risk factors is etiologicallyassociated with transitional cell carcinoma of theurinary bladder?A. SyphilisB. GonorrheaC. Cigarette smokingD. Human papillomavirusE. Benign prostatic hypertrophy

110. Which of the following represents the histologictype of Hodgkin's disease that offers the mostfavorable prognosis?A. Mixed cellularityB. Nodular sclerosisC. Lymphocytic depletionD. Lymphocytic predominance

111. Which of the following comprise the arterialbranches of the common hepatic artery?A. Splenic and the left gastroepiploicS. Short gastrics and the gastroduodenalC. Gastroduodenal, the right gastroepiploic, andthe proper hepaticD. Gastroduodenal. the right gastric. and theproper hepaticE. Gastroduodenal. the left gastric, and thecystic

112. Which of the following transmits pain from thetemporomandibular joint?A. Auriculotemporal nerve in the articularsurfaces of the mandible and temporal

bonesB. Auriculotemporal nerve in the capsule andperiphery of the discC. Maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve inthe retrodiscal pad and capsuleD. Maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve inthe articular disc and the retrodiscal padE. Zygomatic branches of the facial nerve


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113. Gel electrophoresis is used to separate molecules 118. The Reed-Sternberg cell is pathognomonic forby which o the following conditions?A. shape. A. ThalassemiaB. charge. B. Hodgkin diseaseC. viscosity. C. Burkitt lymphomaD. mass and shape. D. Sickle cell anemiaE. charge and size. E. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

114. Which o the following processes occurs afterprolonged muscular exercise when oxygen debt isbeing paid?A. Lactic acid in muscles continues to increase.B. Most lactic acid undergoes gluconeogenesis

in muscles.C. Most lactic acid undergoes gluconeogenesisin the liver.D. Most lactic acid undergoes gluconeogenesis

in the brain and heart.

115. The distal-most region o the cochlea relative tothe oval window is believed to be the point olocalization orA. high amplitude.B. low amplitude.C. high frequency.D. intermediate frequency.E. low frequency.

116. Which o the following represents the mostpowerful muscle o mastication?A. MasseterB. TemporalisC. GeniohyoidD. Lateral pterygoidE. Sternocleidomastoid

117. Lingual convergence is important for each o thefollowing reasons EXCEPT one. Which one is theEXCEPTION?A. Reduces the size o the occlusal table onposterior teethB. Creates proper light deflection to producegood estheticsC. Influences the size o the contact areas

between teethD. Allows the teeth to be put into arch formsE. Allows proper embrasure formation

119. Which o the following represents the etiologicagent o travelers' diarrhea?A. lostridium difficileB. Shigella sonneiC. ampylobacter ejuniD. Escherichia coliE. Vibrio cholera

120. Which o the following typifies the nephroticsyndrome?A. ProteinuriaB. GlycosuriaC. HyperalbuminemiaD. Elevated serum uric acidE. Nitrogen retention

121. Which o the following tracts in the spinal cordcontains both ascending and descendingcollaterals o pain and thermal afferent axons(presumably or the purpose o facilitating spinalreflex activity)?A. Tract o CuneatusB. Lateral corticospinal tractC. Lateral spinothalamiC tractD. Anterior spinothalamic tractE. Dorsolateral tract (fasciculus) o Lissauer

122. The principal (chief) sensory nucleus o V isprimarily involved in which o the following?A. PainB. TouchC. TemperatureD. KinesthesiaE. Proprioception

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123. Which o the following contains the largesthydroxyapatite crystals?A. EnamelB. Dense boneC. CalculusD. CementumE. Spongy bone

124. Which o the following helps to regulate the overallrate o glycolysis by directly influencing the activityo phosphofructokinase?A. MalateB. LactateC. CitrateD. SuccinateE. Oxaloacetate

125. A slight detachment o the retina results in adecrease o length from the optical center, and thesubject therefore exhibitsA. near sightedness.B. far sightedness.C. strabismus.D. nystagmus.

126. Which o the following differentiates mandibularpremolars from maxillary premolars? MandibularpremolarsA. have pulp horns o equal size.B. have lingual cusps less developed.C. have crowns tilted to the facial.D. have roots much less round and bifurcated.E. have trapezoidal-shaped facial surfaces.

127. The distobuccal root o a maxillary first molarusually has how many root canals?A. 0B. 1C. 2D. 3

128. Which form of actinomycosis occurs mostfrequently?A. AbdominalB. PulmonaryC. LepromatousD. TuberculoidE. Cervicofacial

129. Which o the following conditions is associated withthe peripheral neuropathy?A. Lead poisoningB. Silver poisoningC. Mercury poisoningD. Bismuth poisoningE. Tetracycline intoxication

130. Which o the following characterize{s) sickle cellanemia?A. Hypoplastic bone marrowB. Capillary stasis and thrombosisC. Decreased formation o bilirubinD. Increased F hemoglobin that does not sickle

131. The XII nerve nucleus that innervates the tongue islocated in theA. pons.B. medulla.C. midbrain.D. diencephalon.E. telencephalon.

132. In hypersecretion o growth hormone, which o thefollowing conditions will determine whethergigantism or acromegaly will result?A. Fusion o the spheno-occipital andbasioccipital-sphenoid synchondrosesB. Fusion o epiphyses o the long bonesC. Nutritional state o the individualD. Genetic make-up o the individualE. Concomitant excess o thyroxine

133. The extracellular edema in patients with cirrhosiso the liver is caused by which o the following?A. Decreased capillary permeabilityB. Decreased plasma proteinsC. Decreased capillary pressureD. Increased lymphatic returnE. Increased plasma proteins

134. In humans, the site for production o ketone bodiesis theA. liver.B. kidney.C. adrenal.D. pancreas.E. adipose tissue.

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135. Whichof thefollowing representsthesensory 140. Ten daysafterbeinghospitalizedforalarge,organsconcernedwithmaintenanceof skeletal incapacitatingmyocardial infarct,a50-year-oldmuscletonus? mansuddenlydevelopsaparalysisof theright

sideof hisbody.Whichof thefollowingbestA. Sarcomeres explainsthedamagetohisbrain?B. MusclespindlesC. Gammaefferents A. Ruptureof acongenitalaneurysmof theD. Paciniancorpuscles circleof WillisE. Golgitendonorgans B. Brainabscessfromnecrosisof myocardium

C. Formationof abacterialembolusfromthepulmonicvalve136. In amaxillaryfirstmolar,tworootcanalsaremost D. Embolizationof amuralthrombusfromthe

commonlyfound in whichof thefollowingroots? rightventricleE. Detachmentof amuralthrombusfromtheA. Distal leftventricleB. DistofacialC. MesiofacialD. Mesiolingual 141. Whichof thefollowingmusclesistotallyE. Palatal denervatedasaresultof asectionof spinalnerve

C5?137. On molardepressionsimmediatelydistaltothe A. Trapeziusmesialmarginalridgeand immediatelymesialto B. Teresmajor

thedistalmarginalridgeare C. SubscapularisD. RhomboidmajorA. triangularfossae. E. LatissimusdorsiB. centralfossae.C. interdentalspaces.D. proximalconcavities. 142. Eachof thefollowinghormones isproducedbytheE. spillways. adenohypophysisof thehypophysisEXCEPTone.

WhichoneistheEXCEPTION?138. Eachof thefollowingisuseful in identifyingviruses A. Prolactin

EXCEPTone.WhichoneistheEXCEPTION? B. LuteinizinghormoneC. Antidiuretichormone

A. Natureof theviralnucleicacid D. FolliclestimulatinghormoneB. Morphologyof theviralproteincapsid E. AdrenocorticotropichormoneC. Abilityofthevirustogrowon complexmediaD. Neutralizationof theviruswithspecificantisera 143. IfapersonstandsrigidlyatattentionforasufficientE. Abilityof thevirustobeinactivatedbyether lengthof time,then he willprobablyloseor chloroform consciousnessbecauseof

A. increasedperipheralpooling.139. Fattychangeismostcommonlyseen in whichof B. decreasedtidalvolume.thefollowingorgans? C. increasedbaroreceptorinput.

D. decreasedventricularrate.A. Brain E. increasedcarbondioxideaccumulation.B. LiverC. HeartD. Kidney 144. Whichof thefollowingaminoacidsisrequiredforE. Spleen enzymaticconversionofalpha-aminonitrogento

urea?A. LysineB. GlycineC. CystineD. OrnithineE. Methionine

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145. Duringincreasedmuscleactivity,adenosinetriphosphateisresynthesizedfromwhicho thefollowing?A. PhosphocreatineB. Ribose-3-phosphateC. Galactose-6-phosphateD. GuanosinetriphosphateE. Nicotinamideadenosinephosphate

146. Amandibularfirstmolarusuallyhashowmanyrootsandcanals?

Roots A. Two TwoB. Two ThreeC. Three TwoD. Three Three

147. Whichof thefollowing representsthe roughoutlineo themandibularfirstpremolarfromthebuccalaspect?A. HexagonalB. PentagonalC. RhomboidalD. TriangularE. Diamond-shaped

148. Whichofthefollowingisagenetic conditionthatinvolvessweatandmucousglandsandresults inimpairedtransporto theirsecretions?A. CysticfibrosisB. MarfansyndromeC. NeurofibromatosisID. MucopolysaccharidosisIE. Cytomegalicinclusiondisease

149. Cancero thecolonhasbeenlinkedetiologicallytowhicho thefollowing?A. LaxativeuseS. DiverticulosisC. HighfiberdietD. AsbestosexposureE. Intestinalpolyps

150. Whicho thefollowingmostoftencausesesophagealvarices?A. ThrombosisB. CoarctationC. CorpulmonaleD. PortalhypertensionE. Agingchangesinthevessels

151. Blastocystusuallyoccursinwhichofthefollowing?A. UterinetubeB. PeritonealcavityC. Cervixo theuterusD. Upperportiono theuterinecavity

152. Inhumans,whicho thefollowingcellsproducegastricintrinsicfactor?A. ChiefB. ParietalC. MucousneckD. EnteroendocrineE. Surfacemucous

153. In thepresenceofaconstantheartrate,bloodpressurechangesmaybechieflyattributedtoalterationsin resistance. Whichofthefollowingofferthisresistance?A. VeinsB. VenulesC. ArteriesD. ArteriolesE. Capillaries

154. Whicho thefollowing is themajorend-productoproteinnitrogenmetabolismin humans?A. UreaB. CreatineC. AllantoinD. UricacidE. Aminoacid

155. Failureo cardiacmuscletoexhibittetanyresultsfrom itsA. longrefractoryperiod.B. intercalateddisks.C. automaticity.D. protoplasmicbridgesbetweenfibers.

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156. Asageneralrule,maxillaryteethprecede 161. Whichof thefollowingrepresentsamedialrotatormandibularteethintheprocessof eruption. attheglenohumeraljoint?

A. TeresminorTheteethinboth jaws eruptinpairs, oneonthe B. Teresmajorrightandoneontheleft. C. InfraspinatusO. SupraspinatusA. Bothstatementsaretrue.E. Longheadof thetricepsbrachiiB. Bothstatementsarefalse.C. Thefirststatementistrue, thesecond isfalse.

O. Thefirststatementisfalse,thesecondis 162. Whileperforminganinferioralveolarnervetrue. injection,adentistmistakenlyplacestheneedletoofarposteriorlyat thelevelof themandibularforamen.Theneedleislikelytocontactwhich of

157. Thetotalnumberof premolars in onearchof the thefollowingstructures?dentitionisnormallythesameasthetotalnumberA. Parotidglandof whichof thefollowing? B. Lingualnerve

A. Primarypremolars in onearch C. AuriculotemporalnerveB. Caninesintheprimarydentition O. PterygomandibularrapheC. Molarsintheprimarydentition E. TransversefacialarteryO. PermanentmolarsinonequadrantE. Permanentanteriorteeth in onequadrant

163. Whenabriefperiodof hystericalhyperventilationcausesrespiratoryalkalosis,tetanymightbe

158. Whichimmunoglobinisassociatedwithinflamed causedbyasuddendecreaseinwhichof thegingivaof patientswithadultperiodontitis? followingkindsof calcium?A. IgM A. TotalserumB. IgO B. IonizedserumC. IgG C. CitrateboundO. IgE O. Serumprotein-boundE. IgA

164. Whichof thefollowingtissuesisprimarily159. Whichof thefollowingisthemostimportant responsiblefor formationof urea?chemotacticfactorresultingfromtheactivation ofthepathwayof complement? A. LiverB. BrainA. C2a C. KidneyB. C3a O. MuscleC. C3b E. PancreasO. C5aE. C5b

165. Theatomsof purinesaremostdirectlyderivedfrom160. Radiographsof apatient'sskullshow"punched

out"areas.Laboratorystudiesreveal A. glucose.B. steroids.hyperproteinemiaandproteinuria.Whichof the C. pyrimidines.followingrepresentstheprobablediagnosisof this O. fattyacids.condition? E. aminoacids.

A. OsteosarcomaB. ChondrosarcomaC. MultiplemyelomaO. Metastaticcarcinoma

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166. The primary dentition normally consists o howmany teeth?A. 6 teeth per quadrantB. 20 total teethC. 8 total premolarsD. 12 total posterior teethE. 32 total teeth

167. Which o the following represents the premolarmost likely to be congenitally missing?A. Maxillary firstB. Maxillary secondC. Mandibular secondD. Mandibular first

168. Which o the following represents the primarysource o pathogenic microorganisms in the dentaloperatory?A. Dust particlesB. Dental instrumentsC. Mouths o patientsD. Hands of cliniciansE. Dental unit water lines

169. Which of the following represents the major celltype that is infected by human immunodeficiencyvirus?A. CD4+ cellB. CD8+ cellC. Natural killer cell

D. Plasma cellE. B lymphocyte

170. Which of the following diseases involves adeficiency o oxygen-dependent bactericidalactivity by polymorphonuclear leukocytes?A. Chediak-Higashi syndromeB. Chronic granulomatous diseaseC. Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasisD. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome

171. Which o the following structures lies directlyanterior to the scalenus anterior muscle?A. Subclavian veinB. Vertebral arteryC. Subclavian arteryD. Costocervical trunkE. Superior trunk o the brachial plexus

172. Which o the following muscles form lateralboundaries of the isthmus o the fauces?A. Palatoglossus and palatopharyngeusB. Palatopharyngeus and medial pterygoidC. Palatoglossus and tensor veli palatiniD. Palatopharyngeus and levator veli palatiniE. Palatoglossus and styloglossus

173. Each o the following substances is correctly pairedwith the type o covalent bond it contains EXCEPTone. Which one is the EXCEPTION?A. Protein; amideB. Triglyceride; etherC. Amylose; glycosidicD. RNA; phosphodiesterE. Phospholipid; ester

174. Which of the following is the rate-controlling step inmammalian glycolysis?A. Glucose --> glucose-6-phosphateB. 2-P-enolpyruvate --> pyruvateC. Fructose-6-P --> fructose-1.6-bisphosphateD. Dihydroxyacetone-P --> glyceraldehyde-3phosphate

175. Which enzyme in glycolysis is inhibited by fluoride?A. EnolaseB. Pyruvate kinaseC. PhosphoglucomutaseD. Glyceraldehyde dehydrogenaseE. Glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase


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176. An adult patient exhibits no evidence, eitherclinically or radiographically, o maxillary thirdmolars, and there is no history o extraction. Whichof the following is the most likely diagnosis?A. SyphilisB. ImpactionC. Mulberry molarsD. Supernumerary teethE. Congenitally missing teeth

177. Within a tooth crown, the space occupied by thedental pulp is properly referred to as theA. pulp chamber.B. pulp cavity.C. root trunk.D. pulp canal(s).E. interdental space.

178. Each o the following is characteristic o plasmidsEXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?A. Exist as circular RNA moleculesB. Exist as extrachromosomal elements inbacteriaC. Mediate antibiotic resistanceD. Confer conjugal fertilityE. Carry genetic information

179. Which o the following is most likely to be awarning sign o an impending atherosclerotic braininfarction?A. Angina pectorisB. Pulmonary embolusC. Myocardial infarctionD. Ruptured berry aneurysmE. Transient ischemic attacks

180. Which o the following represents the firstinflammatory cell to leave the vascular bed andremain at the site o injury through the acutephase?A. MonocyteB. LymphocyteC. NeutrophilD. EosinophilE. Plasma cell

181. A branch of which o the following motor nervessupplies the sternohYOid muscle?A. PhrenicB. Spinal accessoryC. Ansa cervicalisD. Transverse cervicalE. Cervical sympathetic trunk

182. The retromandibular vein is formed within theparotid gland by the union o which of the followingveins?A. Posterior auricular and deep facialB. Posterior auricular and posterior deeptemporalC. Superficial temporal and maxillaryD. Superficial temporal and transverse facialE. External jugular and transverse facial

183. Which o the following represents the disease inwhich patients usually are overweight, respondwell to diet and exercise, do NOT have high levelsof ketone bodies in their blood, and do NOTrequire exogenous hormone injections to recover?A. AcromegalyB. Hypothyroidic dwarfismC. Diabetes mellitus Type ID. Diabetes mellitus Type IIE. Familial hypercholesterolemia

184. Fluorouracil produces an active site-directedinhibitor for the enzymeA. trypsin.B. chymotrypsin.C. thymidylate synthase.D. adenosine deaminase.E. fluorocitrate synthase

185. Parathyroid hormone acts in the body byA. stimulating gluconeogenesis in the liver.B. diminishing excretion o sodium andchloride.C. decreasing absorption of calcium in theintestinal tract.D. accelerating removal o calcium andphosphate from the skeleton.


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186. A 50-year-old patient has a full mouth set ofradiographs, from which the dentist discovers themaxillary third molars are present in the alveolarprocess, but they are not visible clinically. Which ofthe following conditions is associated with thesethird molars?A. ImpactionB. DilacerationC. SupernumeraryD. Congenital absenceE. Hutchinson's teeth

187. In a molar, root canals usually join the pulpchamberA. at the level of the furcation.B. at varying levels, dependent upon age.C. within the cervical third of the crown.D. apical to the cervical level of the crown.

188. Bacterial capsules usually consist ofA. chitins.B. protein.C. celluloses.D. polypeptides.E. polysaccharides.

189. Secretory IgA functions primarily byA. killing bacteria via a lytic mechanism.B. targeting microorganisms for phagocytosis.C. preventing the pathogen from adhering tomucosal surfaces. D. facilitating the pathogen's adherence toinappropriate tissues.E. the induction of specific cytokines in gutassociated lymphoid tissue.

190. Which of the following is expected to occur whenT-Iymphocytes from a patient with chronicperiodontitis are cultured in vitro with dental plaqueantigen?A. Release of histamineB. Synthesis of IymphokinesC. Production of specific IgGD. Release of lysosomal enzymes

191. Where is the thickest stratum corneum found in theintegument?A. LipB. Anterior body wallC. ScalpD. PalmE. Interscapular region of the back

192. The internal thoracic artery gives rise to theA. costocervical trunk.B. posterior intercostal arteries.C. bronchial and esophageal arteries.D. superior epigastric and musculophrenicarteries.

193. Solution A has a pH of 7.0, and Solution B has apH of 6.0. Both Solutions are of equal volume.Which of the following statements about SolutionsA and B is most accurate?A. A has 1 10 as many hydrogen ions as B.B. A has 10 times more hydrogen ions than B.C. A has 7 6 of the hydrogen ion concentration

of B.D. A has 6 7 of the hydrogen ion concentrationofB

194. A lipid bilayer membrane is least permeable towhich of the following?A. WaterB. Sodium ionsC. GlycerolD. CholesterolE. Palmitic acid

195. Which of the following circumstances will tend toproduce edema?A. Increased tissue oncotic pressureB. Increased plasma oncotic pressureC. Increased tissue hydrostatic pressureD. Decreased plasma hydrostatic pressureE. Decreased venous pressure


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196. Anormal10 1/2-year-oldchildhasA. eruptedbothmandibularfirst and secondmolars.B. completedrootformationforthemandibularfirstmolaronly.C. completedenamelformationfor ali 3mandibularmolars.D. initiatedcalcification forthemandibularmolars.

197. Thefreegingivaextendsfrom theA. attachedgingivatothegingivalcrest.B. gingivalcresttotheinterdentalgroove.C. alveolarmucosatothefreegingivalgroove.D. mucogingivaljunctiontothefreegingivalgroove.E. epithelialattachmenttothecementoenameljunction.

198. In advancedgingivitis,plaqueismainlyA. gram-positiveand facultative.B. gram-positiveand anaerobic.C. gram-negativeand facultative.D. gram-negativeandanaerobic.

199. Whicho thefollowingstatementsbestdescribespatientswhodevelopmeningitis followingmumps,coxsackievirus,orechovirusinfections?A. SensitivetoviraltoxinsB. Experiencemortalityrateof75%C. RarelydeveloppermanentneuraldamageD. Subjecttoexacerbationsoncethe latentvirusis activatedE. Mostofteninitiallyinfectedbybloodcontainingthevirus

200. Massivenecrotizinglesionso thepalate in apatientwithpoorlycontrolleddiabetesmellitusaremostlikelyamanifestationofA. candidiasis.B. mucormycosis.C. blastomycosis.D. cryptococcosis.E. histoplasmosis.

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PART KEYThe key below may be used to determine correct and incorrect answers; however, for this item set, it s not possible toconvert a raw score number correct to a standard score or associated pass/fail status.1 D 51. A 101 C 151 D2 C 52 D 102 D 152 B3 A 53 A 103 D 153 D4 B 54 A 104 A 154 A

B 55 C 105 C 155 A6 A 56 A 106 E 156 D7 B 57 A 107 B 157 B8 B 58 B 108 E 158 C9 B 59 D 109 C 159 D

E 60 D 110 D 160 CB 61 C 111 D 161 B12 B 62 E 112 B 162 A13 A 63 A 113 E 163 B14 B 64 E 114 C 164 AB 65 D 115 E 165 E16 A 66 C 116 A 166 B17 D 67 D 117 B 167 C18 C 68 C 118 B 168 C19 E 69 D 119 D 169 A

E 70 D 120 A 170 B21 D 71 B 121 E 171 A22 A 72 E 122 B 172 A23 C 73 C 123 A 173 B24 C 74 C 124 C 174 CA 75 C 125 B 175 A26 D 76 B 126 C 176 E27 C 77 E 127 B 177 A28 C 78 B 128 E 178 A29 C 79 E 129 A 179 E

C 80 D 130 B 180 C31 B 81 B 131 B 181 C32 A 82 A 132 B 182 C33 B 83 C 133 B 183 D34 D 84 C 134 A 184 C

D 85 A 135 B 185 D36 C 86 E 136 C 186 A37 A 87 A 137 A 187 C38 A 88 E 138 C 188 E39 B 89 E 139 B 189 C

E 90 D 140 E 190 B41 C 91 A 141 D 191 D42 C 92 A 142 C 192 D43 B 93 C 143 A 193 A44 B 94 E 144 D 194 BA 95 D 145 A 195 A46 D 96 E 146 B 196 B47 D 97 E 147 B 197 A48 D 98 B 148 A 198 D49 E 99 E 149 E 199 CB 100 D 150 D 200 B


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