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20 Films That Defined the 20th Century

Cinema

Film in the 20th century has undergone as many trends, shifts, and styles as any other artisticgenre. We have seen realists, surrealists, movements of stunning drama or startling style. We

have seen hundreds of thousands of brilliant brilliant directors produce films. We have seencountless moments frozen in time on the silver screen, never to be forgotten.

Everyone has His or her favorites-favorite movie, favorite star, favorite director, favorite scene.For some it's Citizen Kane, for others it's Caddyshack. Some love John Barrymore, John Belushi

others. No one is right and no one is wrong.

When it comes to Creating lists of the best movies or scenes, there is a Certain pointlessness to it.

People will agree with you for one or two movies, but never twenty. Still, there is something

distinctly satisfying and intriguing in Creating a "best films of all time" list. The hard thing isfinding a balance Between personal favorites and worldwide importance. Such is the dilemma I

am faced with. If I were to list my 20 favorite movies merely of all time, samurai and Coen

Brothers films would dominate the list. If I were to make a list solely based on importance, I

would end up with a list like the AFI's 100 list, boring and predictable.

So I will try to find a happy medium. Not many of you will completely agree with this list andsome of you may not of even heard of a FEW ofthe choices, but it is my desire to represent both

native tastesand my personal cinema defines what I think. The movies on this list are not

onlyones that I cherish, They are also the exemplary gems of their genre, movies that manage to

fully capitalize on the advantages and capabilitiesof cinema. I know I am walking on thin ice, so

please bear with me andenjoy.

A. Best Movie of the Century: The Seven Samurai

Released in 1954, this masterpiece by Japan's greatest director, Akira Kurosawa, has nevergotten the respect it truly deserves. Telling the epic story of a village that hires seven samurai to

Protect Them from raiding bandits, the movie represents what cinema can do: that is, bind

multiple disciplines of art into one breathtaking package. The Seven Samurai quite simply has it

all: brilliant and direction controlled by Kurosawa, beautiful cinematography, an exceptionalscript, and some of the best acting ever.

The Samurai Sevencan not be classified in any specific genre. It is more than that-it is one of thetrue classics. Like The Odyssey or The Iliad, The Seven Samurai is universally appealing

Because it deals with the fundamental issues of love, honor, respect, and destiny.

There are many scenes in the movie that are truly catches fire. The samurai's first appearance, the

raid on the bandits' camp, Toshiro Mifune's passionate moral speech, and the final battle

sequence, heartbreaking, breathtaking, and poignant all and once. It is a sad truth that manypeople have not seen this movie and some may have never heard of it, but like all great pieces of 

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art, this one will never disappear. It will always be here waiting for us to discover its greatness

again and again.

2. The Godfather

The Western equivalent to The Seven Samurai, The Godfather has captured the hearts of audiences and critics alike since its release in 1972. The story of the Corleone family, The

Godfather took the mobster genre and elevated it to a place of near-mythic romanticism. The

BRILLIANCE of The Godfather, though, is not in its intoxicating seductiveness (name another

movie that you can walk in and any scene and be mesmerized by) but in the way it manages to

shock us while drawing us in all the while.

This is what separates The Godfather from any other epic ever made: it manages to be a realistic

telling of human nature and its dark side and be one of the most entertaining movies ever made.

No movie is richer than The Godfather, from the stunningly deep visuals to Marlon Brando'sheavily crowded slur. It's the kind of movie that you always remember the first time you saw it.

Time after time, The Godfather holds up. Maybe it is Al Pacino's groundbreaking and still best

performance. Maybe it is Mario Puzo and Francis Ford Coppola's remarkable script, or maybe it

is just that The Godfather taps into the American Dream better than almost any other movie. The

Godfather shows how our hopes and desires play out in the real world with an unparalleledimmediacy , and once intoxicating and bracing. It's truly an piece that catches fire.

3. Jean de Florette and Manon of the Spring

Another pair of names that many will not recognized, the French films Jean de Florette and

Manon of the Spring karmic truly tell a tale with more grace and poignancy than almost any

other ever made. The story, of a kind hunchback and His beautiful family who go to the winecountry of France to start a rabbit farm, only to be thwarted by His greedy Neighbors-almost

unmatched packs an emotional Wallop.

But what makes these movies so effective is not just the story but the way it is told. No character

is absolutely evil, and thus it does not Allow us to take sides. The acting is some of the subtlestand best ever. Gerard Depardieu delivers the performance of His brilliant career alongside the

French legend Yves Montand. In the beautiful Emmanuel Beart Manon sparkles, while Daniel

Auteuil plays His despair to perfection. Directed by Claude Berri, the movie has a heartbreakingbeauty, not Days of Heaven or Unlike La Strada. These movies cast you into a dream, Create a

whole world into Which you can not help but fall. Like The Godfather, Blade Runner, and even

 Raising Arizona, Jean de Florette and Manon of The Spring Because movies are great They

work on the level of art and entertainment. Watch Them and their face value and these moviesare simply great dramas. Look deeper and you'll see a moral Fable as deep as anything Chekov

ever wrote.

4. The Manchurian Candidate

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John Frankenheimer's weird, wild, funny, frightening, and blasphemously entertaining thriller is

so modern that 37 years after its release, it still is a blast of fresh air. Major Bennett Marco(Frank Sinatra), just returned from the Korean War, has nothing but praise for His comrade and

Congressional Medal of Honor winner Raymond Shaw (Lawrence Harvey), or so it seems. As

the plot unravels, both native Marco becomes aware that he and Raymond were subject to severe

brainwashing during the war and that became Raymond's mother (Angela Lansbury) is a lotmore suspicious than she at first seems. Brilliantly constructed, the movie is paced like a

Racehorse and miraculously manages to combine suspense, comedy, and meaning. Like all great

movies, the film stands up under multiple viewings. Watch it the first time and you'll be blownaway by the ending. Watch it a second time and you'll be weirded out by the recurring Lincoln

motif.

Sinatra is great, while Lawrence Harvey and Angela Lansbury nearly steal the show with their

hilarious / chilling relationship. Beautifully photographed and with one of the most searing

scripts ever, the movie beats out even the best of Oliver Stone's work.

How powerful is this movie? Shortly after its release in 1962, Kennedy was assassinated, andThe Manchurian Candidate was shelved for 25 years. Sometimes America is not prepared forrevelatory Such forms of art. This was one of those times.

5. Schindler's List

With this heartbreaking, inspiring, and cathartically affective film, Steven Spielberg showed theworld that he was more than just smoke and mirrors, that he could Create a Meaningful and

powerful movie that stands Beside any of the greats. Schindler's List, the story of a man who is

transformed through the act of saving 1,300 Jews, is a crowning achievement, not just Because it

shows what really happened in the Holocaust but Because it manages to find inspiration and

heroism amidst the greatest tragedy of all time.

Over three hours long, it's the longest film Spielberg has ever made, and yet somehow it feelssurprisingly brief. Outstanding editing and direction, alongside great music and writing,

contribute to this, making it one of the FEW epics that's not even mildly boring.

The acting is superb. Liam Neeson gave the performance of His career, while Ben Kingsley and

Ralph Fiennes are heavily crowded in their supporting roles.

Schindler's List makes the top 20 mainly Because there had never been a movie like it. No movie

before had even come close to revealing the dark heart of the Holocaust. Spielberg's achievement

is that he manages to show tragedy and triumph, horror and heroism. In one fell swoop, hecrafted a movie that understands life better than almost any other.

6. Raising Arizona

Many of you may raise your eyebrows at this choice, dismissing it as fluff. But in truth Raising

Arizona is the best comedy ever made: a fast-paced, hilarious Southern tale that's so

entertaining, It takes a FEW viewings to realized how smart it is. The story of an Arizona couple

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that steal a baby Because they're unable to have one of their own may seem simple, or even

dumb, but if you pay attention to the camera work, acting, and especially the script, you'llrealized this is no ordinary comedy. What separates the movie from the norm is the amount of 

detail it has. Watch it again and there are lines that you never even heard the first time.

Every actor in the movie is pitch perfect, from Nicolas Cage's blundering yet lovable hero toJohn Goodman's pompous loser. The movie has that magical quality where every element of the

film has come together. It was made by the Coen brothers, who for the last 15 years have createdsome of the most original and brilliant films around.

There's something truly special about this movie, no other movie has better replay value. Nomatter how many times I watch it, I always feel sadness and humor, grace and terror, normality

and oddity intertwined. In other words, I experience the Coen brothers' view of life with perfect

lucidity. If that's not a great film, Then I do not know what is.

7. Blade Runner

The masses love Star Wars, while movie snobs go ape over 2001, but the greatest science fiction

film of all time is none other than the lyrical, Poetic, and startlingly visceral masterpiece Blade

 Runner. Released in 1982, the movie was initially a box ofice failure, but it soon became

apparent that it has influenced every sci-fi movie made since. Directed by Ridley Scott, themovie is a triumph of style, one that still dazzles today. Haunting artfully filmed with a score by

VANGELIS, the film is real enough to Scare us and inventive enough to enthrall us.

This is the story of a man who hunts cyborgs, robots that look and act human. There is more than

 just a stylish story here, though. The movie's themes are thought provoking and still Relevant

today. Harrison Ford took an enormous risk with His portrayal of Deckard, the sad and Distant

Blade Runner who turns to alcohol to Bury His pains. Sean Young is also good as Deckard'scyborg love interest. Nothing is cliched or foolish in this movie, even the climactic battle

Between the Superhuman cyborg Deckard and Roy (Rutger Hauer) ends in an unexpectedly

touching monologue.

The movie is not Hollywood, it is difficult, non-linear, and dark. It is also life affirming,revelatory, and uplifting. Great movies are the ones that you can not pin down, the ones that are

too big for their genre. To say that Blade Runner is simply a sci-fi movie is like saying that

Citizen Kane is about a boy and His sled.

8. Touch of Evil

Not only the best film ever made Orson Welles (and, yes, I am remembering Citizen Kane) but

the best ever film noir, Touch of Evil is the tale of an honest Mexican cop (Charlton Heston) who

gets involved with a corrupt sheriff ( Orson Welles) in a sleazy border town. The movie would

be straight-up pulp if it weren't remarkable talent for the Welles brings to the picture. Brilliantlyphotographed, the movie smolders like an Ember, Creating beautiful images that are both native

and repellent.

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Made in 1958, the film is remarkably intense and fast paced, and it is obvious that directors like

David Lynch, Brian De Palma, and Oliver Stone were heavily influenced by it. Charlton Hestonnever gave a better performance in His career. Vargas as he's trying so hard to do the right thing

that he ends up almost losing His humanity. Welles matches him all the way with His astounding

and undeniably striking rendition of Hank Quinlan. Fat and sloppy, Hank is the epitome of evil,

now Burnt out by years of wear.

Touch of Evil has enough style for ten movies but its BRILLIANCE lies on a deeper level. Thefilm touches on the themes of lost innocence, hidden corruption, and the dark side of man. But

the most interesting thing is how Hank Quinlan is a reflection of Welles' own life. Whether or

not he intended this, it still remains one of the riskiest moves an actor has ever made.

The movie is a perfect machine, from the stunning opening sequence (believe the hype, it is the

best ever filmed) to the blistering finale, Touch of Evil has more fire, intelligence, and heart than

almost any film ever made.

9. Raiders of The Lost Ark

The perfect action movie, Steven Spielberg's Raiders of the Lost Ark is one of those pop

masterpieces that transcends its superficiality. A collection of Saturday serials and '40s pulp

comic books, the movie works Because it knows exactly what it wants to be and succeeds at thisbrilliantly.

Everyone knows the story of Indiana Jones, the rough and tumble archeologist who always

manages to escape the bad guys and Cams traps, steal the prize, and get the girl. There's nothing

new in this formulas, but in the way director Spielberg, producer George Lucas, and screenwriter

Lawrence Kasdan manage to simultaneously make the story believable and fanciful, Raiders 

always walks the line Between reality and our imaginations.

No other action movie can thrill again and again like this one. There are so many breathtakingscenes of action and stunt work that the movie almost feels like a workout. Who can forget the

great opening, the gunfight in Tibet, the car chase, or Indy's face-off with the man with the

scimitar? Raiders creates a VIVID and lucid world for the viewers, drawing Them in through themovie's style and grace.

How seductive is this movie? After seeing the trilogy on video when i was seven, I spent the nextsix years convinced I wanted to be an archeologist. Raiders does not make any groundbreaking

meditations on human life, it celebrates it, showing us who we are and what we love. You can

not ask for much more than that.

10. Strangers on a Train

There are a lot of great Hitchcock movies. Who can forget the crop-dusting scene in  North by

 Northwest, the bell tower in Vertigo, Rear Window in the view, or Norman Bates' mother in

Psycho? But His best, the one that shows His genius in its most apparent and tantalizing way, is

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one of His Perhaps Lesser-Known masterpieces. Strangers on A Train, released in 1951, is

Hitch's most brilliant set-up.

Two Strangers meet while traveling, both native hating someone close to them. One of the men,

Bruno, brilliantly played by Robert Walker, suggests that They kill each other's enemies, thus

eliminating the evidence. The other man laughs it off, but When it happens Actually he's in asticky situation: His wife is not only dead, but now Bruno expects him to return the favor.

One of great things about the movie is how Hitchcock uses moral ambiguity as a device to

heighten the suspense. The Hero and the Villain shift many times, until you find yourself not

knowing whom to root for. Unlike Vertigo, Which, although brilliant, is flawed and sometimesinaccessible, Strangers on a Train is one of those rare movies that can be Called seriously

perfect. There is literally no frame that needs' to be changed, and Hitch's control over the movie

is so assured that you can not help but be swept up into it. Add stunning acting, sharp

photography, and a terrific script and you have, bar none, the best thriller ever.

11. The Graduate

One of the DEFINITIVE '60s movies, The Graduate makes this list Because it is still a clear and

honest meditation on the difficulties of youth. The story of a recent graduate Several dilemmasfacing (he does not want to do anything, he's having an affair with the mother of the girl he

loves), the movie has an Ethereal edge that makes it all the more notable.

Dustin Hoffman gave a groundbreaking performance as the title character. Ben as he's apathetic

yet compassionate, spacey yet appealing. Anne Bancroft is also excellent, as Mrs. Robinson, she

makes her character both native scary and sexy.

Directed by Mike Nichols, the movie has the artistic intelligence of a foreign film without thepretension. The Graduate is filled with great scenes: Ben in the pool with the scuba suit, Hismeeting with Mrs. Robinson and the hotel, the plastics monologue, and the great silent finale. All

of these make up the ambience of the movie, one of Defiant Then fresh absurdity and irony in

the face of gross materialism. The '60s may have ended but The Graduate still speaks loud andclear.

12. Casablanca

It may seem ordinary and boring to Choose Casablanca, everyone does. But despite its cornball

premise, this one gets me every time, and no other movie succeeds and being as unabashedly

romantic as this. The story of Casablanca is familiar: Rick (Humphrey Bogart), the lonely,cynical nightclub owner, gets one last chance for love and redemption When His past flame, Elsa

(Ingrid Bergman) walks into His bar.

The truth is, it's not really the story that makes this a great film, but the elements and details of 

the story that make it so memorable. Everything is in place, from the design of Rick's bar, to themonkey on Sydney Greenfield's shoulder. Directed by Michael Curtiz, who made Such classics

as The Adventures of Robin Hood and The Wizard of Oz, Casablanca has a light and delectable

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grace that's almost unseen in movies today. Like  Laura, the movie casts a spell that magically

works again and again. The late great Howard Hawks once said that a good movie is five goodscenes and no bad ones. Casablanca more than fulfills that requirement.

13. Diva

 Diva is not only one of the best French films in the last 25 years, but the most exiting one ever.Made in 1980 by the youthful upstart Beneix Jean Jacques, the movie has the Vibrant energy of a

young Welles or Scorsese. The story of an opera junkie whose Bootleg tape of a diva performing

gets swapped with an incriminating tape revealing the existence of a prostitution ring, the movie

crackles and burns with more excitement and suspense than ten American action movies.

Stunningly filmed, the movie is a tour de force of style, obviously influencing directors like Luc

Besson and Quentin Tarantino. All the best action movies have a great car chase, and this onehas Perhaps the best ever. Twisting through the curvy streets of Paris, the scene Takes on an

unparalleled claustrophobia that heightens the suspense to a point of surprising tension.

The movie is beautifully constructed, juxtaposing scenes of intensity with moments of startling

Serenity. Like Raiders of the Lost Ark, this movie is not particularly deep, but is a stunning

example of what cinema can be in the right hands. If film excels in visuals and style,  Diva is itsace in the hole.

14. Amadeus

One of the best epic movies ever made, Amadeus is an outstanding combination of top-notch

sets, direction, screenplay and acting. Milos Forman's rendition of Peter Shaffer's  Amadeus is atrue literary and visual masterpiece. Telling the story of the composer no one ever heard of,

Salieri (F. Murray Abraham a brilliant), and how His contempt for contemporary Mozart mayhave led him to murder, the movie is not just a fascinating concept, it's a searing study of a manwho refused the cards he was dealt.

As Mozart, Tom Hulce plays His role to perfection, rendering him as a sort of idiot savant. Hulceis so convincing that His Mozart feels like the truth. Forman also has a wonderful understanding

of Mozart's music, capturing the Divinity of it and the irony of who it came from. F. His Murray

Abraham greatly deserved Oscar for His stunning portrayal of Salieri. Perpetually dissatisfied,yet smart enough to realized Mozart's greatness, Salieri to this day remains one of the more

complex characters ever seen on the screen.

Beautifully shot and exquisitely paced, the movie, like Lawrence of Arabia, is an epic withBrains to match its beauty.

15. Laura

 Laura is a true classic, not in the sense that it is well made or has "good direction" but in the wayit captures the Glamour and grace of '40s-era film. A combination of film noir and Breezy love

story, Laura remains a satisfying and enticing gem after 55 years. Laura is a beautiful and

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intelligent socialite, who has presumably been murdered. Detective Mark Mcphereson

approaches the case indifferently, but Eventually he begins to fall in love with Laura's ghost,who she was and what she represented.

The movie has as many twists and turns as any Hitchcock movie. Beautifully filmed by director

Otto Preminger the great, the movie Takes on an air of style and seduction, of darkness and light.The cast is perfect: Gene Tierney as Laura is stunning, using both native and her looks attracted

to her wits, Dana Andrews, although never a good actor, is perfectly wooden and a good balanceto the flamboyant performances by Clifton Webb and Vincent Price.

There are times when i watch a movie and am buzzed, when i realized I have seen a perfectcombination of commerce and art, When the movie's vision sweeps me away. This is why I love

movies. It does not happen much, but Laura was one of the times it did.

16. Chinatown

The only truly great Roman Polanski movie ever made, this gritty noir still has enough power toremain a shocking and riveting experience. A tantalizingly complex tale of corruption in postwar

LA, Chinatown has moments Perhaps more ominous than any other in history.

Filmed mainly in the early morning, Chinatown Takes on a quietly melancholy ambience, like an

old faded postcard. Jack Nicholson made a big career leap with His portrayal of Jake Gittes, a

hardened private eye. Manic, funny, and intelligent, Nicholson makes Gittes devoid of allclichés. The rest of the cast also shines, with Faye Dunaway as the female love interest with a

dark secret and John Huston as her evil father.

Robert Towne wrote the dense and near-perfect screenplay, Which to this day remains one of the

best ever.

Chinatown, Bonnie and Clyde or like Taxi Driver, is so effective Because it conveys an image of 

America not seen before. With movies like these, the curtains were pulled back on the so-called

perfect American Dream. What we saw was not pretty, but you could not and still can not Thenlook away.

17. The 400 Blows

With The 400 Blows, Francois Truffaut single-handedly started the French New Wave. That

would be achievement enough, but the fact that The 400 Blows is still the best of that genre and

remains the most honest and poignant tale of childhood ever told Gives it a place on this list.Almost plotless, the movie follows a young boy and His experiences in life. We see him fight

with His parents, shoplift, sent to juvenile detention, and escape, and all the while there is only afeeling of empathy and compassionate we can all relate to this boy.

The greatness of the movie is the way it makes the boy's seemingly existential existence seemMeaningful. Truffaut may have been aware of the insignificance of most things, but His films

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always have an greater awareness of something, a sense of hope and redemption that Godard's

work often lacks.

Tastefully directed with remarkable photography, The 400 Blows is like Paris, Texas in the sense

that it does not really tell a story, it conveys an experience and shows us the emotional

possibilities opened up by cinema. The 400 Blows will have you shaking your head in awe.

18. Annie Hall

 Annie Hall, the best Woody Allen movie is also the best romantic comedy of all time. Thisfunny, smart, charming, and always believable story of two people trying to fall in love in

modern times is the best kind of comedy-it makes you laugh and think.

Brilliantly constructed and written, Allen Takes the formality out of the cinema and renders the

movie as a sequence of real life. In Annie Hall, the Spectator is invited to join in the fun. His

career never again in Allen would have the comic timing he has in this one, and FEW films can

match its balance of comedy, romance, and drama.

As the title character, Diane Keaton started her career and a new trend with her ever-ditzy,always hip, and surprisingly independent Annie.

If The Graduate was a clear and honest portrait of the '60s, Then  Annie Hall is the movie thatdefines the '70s, showing the angst, insecurities, and hope everyone felt at that time. Great under

repeat viewings, Annie Hall remains one of the only comedies that has humor and honesty.

19. 2001: A Space Odyssey

The best film Kubrick ever made was the one that managed to be His most Distant as well as Hismost feeling. In 2001 he took on the whole scope of human evolution and tried to find answers to

perplexing Such questions as where did we come from and where are we going.

Starting with a wordless segment that shows the evolution of apes, 2001 Takes a perspective

removed and observatory Throughout the whole film. Thus the space sequences are filmed with

a chilling precision. As we watch Them to the chords of classical music, it becomes apparent thatKubrick himself and the audience wanted to take on the role of God in the picture.

Almost a silent film, its the movie relies on visuals, editing, and scene construction for itsimpact. All of these, of course, are Flawless and Kubrick's obsessive attention to detail is most

evident in this film. Poetic and rebelliously daringly non-linear, the movie may not carry thestartling intensity Blade Runner has, but there's no denying that through its transcendental style it

provides many revelations.

20. Paris, Texas

Wim Wenders' magical and melancholy meditation on America is about as good as slow-paced

art films can get. Ever beautiful and always ominous, the movie never feels boring. The tale of a

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drifter and the life he left behind, Paris, Texas is about many things: loneliness, rejection, and

the feeling of being foreign to everyone, including yourself.

As the drifter, Harry Dean Stanton is amazing, acting with His face and His eyes, His conveying

emotion without words. Natasja Kinski is heartbreaking as Stanton's wife, while Hunter Carson

delivers the best child performance ever.

It is truly remarkable how Wenders, Sam Shepard adapting a play, film manages to Understand

and our culture so well. Paris, Texas shows the broken communication and isolation that come

with our land of opportunity. With amazing cinematography, editing, and especially music,

Paris, Texas is a Haunting and unshakable experience, one that shows the lyricism and emotionof film better than most.

1 The Godfather [Film Series] 

The first two movies in Francis Ford Coppola's operatic Mafia series (starring Marlon

Brando and Al Pacino) are genre-defining classics. 1232 7748 

2 The Shawshank Redemption This life-affirming adaptation Stephen King stars Tim Robbins and Morgan Freeman as

two jailed prisoners who strike up a friendship. 1231 7553 3 Star Wars [Film Series] 

The first entry in George Lucas's much-heralded big fantastical space trilogy broke

technological ground as well as box-office records. 1084 7348 4 Casablanca 

Michael Curtiz's critically beloved landmark 1942 romance stars Humphrey Bogart and

Ingrid Bergman in career-defining turns. 1075 6169 5 It's a Wonderful Life 

This tale of a stricken average Joe (James Stewart) whose life is saved by an angel director

Frank Capra made a household name. 1012 5616 6  Gone With the Wind 

Victor Fleming's 1939 star-studded Civil War tour de force finds Clark Gable and Vivien

Leigh entangled in a love affair FIERY. 994 5708 7  The Wizard of Oz 

Victor Fleming's timeless 1939 musical boasts some of the most loved songs in movie

history as well as a star turn by Judy Garland. 992 6092 8 Schindler's List 

Often considered Spielberg's masterpiece, this wrenching drama starring Liam Neeson as

the titular hero is based on true events. 986 5904 9 To Kill a Mockingbird 

Harper Lee's story is poignantly reimagined in this 1962 coming-of-age pic with a career-

defining performance by Gregory Peck. 979 5263 10 One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest 

Jack Nicholson as a crazy-sane mental patient is one of many fine performances that

anchor Milos Forman's adaptation. 969 5343 11 Pulp Fiction 

Quentin Tarantino's stylish cult classic interweaves a series of vignettes about low-life

criminals, lovers, and thugs. 938 5874 

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12 Psycho 

Possibly the most influential thriller ever made, Alfred Hitchcock's tale of a psychotic

mama's boy (Anthony Perkins) has not dimmed with age.  931 5129 13 Jaws 

Steven Spielberg's unforgettably terrifying flick brings Roy Scheider and Richard Dreyfuss

to their knees before a giant mechanical shark. 927 5475 14 Citizen Kane 

Director and star Orson Welles's masterful fictional biopic about the titular tycoon set a

new standard for the movies that followed. 806 5142 15 Rear Window 

Alfred Hitchcock's voyeuristic triumph finds James Stewart and Grace Kelly navigating

the twists and turns of a nail-biting thriller. 798 4464 16  Apocalypse Now 

Coppola's nightmarish Vietnam epic, starring Marlon Brando and Martin Sheen, redefines

the war flick and the dangers of the jungle. 706 4800 17  Taxi Driver 

Robert De Niro and Martin Scorsese make movie magic in the tale of a rage-filled NewYork cabbie bent on correcting the world's injustices. 701 4735 18 North by Northwest 

One of Hitchcock's finest works of suspense, this mistaken-identity movie boasts crack

performances by Cary Grant and James Mason. 672 4054 19 The Bridge on the River Kwai 

Based on a true event, this 1957 war drama finds Alec Guinness's British commander

leading a perilous effort in the wilds of Burma. 654 3882 20 Ben-Hur 

This 1959 classic Charlton Heston tells the epic story of Judah Ben-Hur on an ambitious

scale made evident by its famed chariot race. 632 4164 21 Vertigo 

James Stewart stars as the detective and the acrophobic heart of this 1958 tale of obsession

Hitchock also from the canon. 521 3985 22 Lawrence of Arabia 

Peter O'Toole nabbed the Oscar for His first major role, in David Lean's 1962 biopic

breathtakingly gorgeous. 474 4058 23 ET The Extra-Terrestrial 

Spielberg's 1982 feel-good hit stars Drew Barrymore and Henry Thomas as young siblings

who form a powerful bond with a cute alien. 418 4754 24 The Maltese Falcon 

John Huston's influential mystery noir stars Humphrey Bogart as a hard-drinking

gumshoe tracking the elusive titular statue. 407 3595 25 The African Queen 

Humphrey Bogart and Katharine Hepburn's odd-couple chemistry anchors John Huston's

1951 romantic adventure. 398 3528 26  Raging Bull 

A visceral black-and-white drama about an aging boxer (Robert De Niro), Martin

Scorsese's 1980 flick is one of the best of its Decade.  367 3937 

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27  The Searchers 

This complex Western, John Ford's 1956 favorite, features the Duke in Indian territory on

the hunt for missing His niece (Natalie Wood). 348 3428 28 Singin 'in the Rain 

The inimitable Gene Kelly directs and stars in one of the most beloved musicals of the

fifties, opposite Jean Hagen and Debbie Reynolds. 329 3981 29 King Kong 

The pioneering 1933 horror-fantasy favorite stars Fay Wray as the comely blonde who

entices the love-struck giant ape to His Doom. 306 3712 30 High Previously 

Gary Cooper and Grace Kelly are the married couple who add romance to this terse

Western in 1952, a much-lauded classic of the genre. 298 3380 31 The grapes of Wrath 

John Ford's adaptation of the Steinbeck novel features one of Henry Fonda's greatest

performances ever. 295 3393 32 Some Like It Hot 

Billy Wilder directs Marilyn Monroe, Tony Curtis, and Jack Lemmon in this wonderfullysatirical 1959 work about two jazz musicians on the lam. 281 3707 33 Blade Runner 

Ridley Scott's futuristic thriller boasts stunning moody effects and Unmissable

performances by Harrison Ford and Sean Young. 244 4296 34 2001: A Space Odyssey 

Stanley Kubrick's hypnotic, thought-provoking mind bender was revolutionary in 1968

and has been a sci-fi staple ever since.  244 4584 35 On the Waterfront 

Elia Kazan's gritty, evocative drama has Marlon Brando as the former boxing champ who

utters the famous line, "I coulda been a contender." 242 3368 36  Mr. Smith Goes to Washington 

This inspiring Frank Capra parable tells the story of a Starry-eyed senator (James

Stewart) who Takes a stand against the political machine. 236 3350 37  The Graduate 

Mike Nichols's 1967 coming-of-age classic stars Anne Bancroft as the rapacious seductress

of Dustin Hoffman's Ben Braddock naive. 234 3958 38 Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs 

Disney's first full-length animated masterpiece is a classic fairy tale that won hearts (and

an Oscar) in 1937. 231 3903 39 Dr. Strangelove or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb 

In Kubrick's satire, Fears come true When a psychotic general starts an all-out nuclear

war. 222 4056 40 Chinatown 

Jack Nicholson's world-weary gumshoe anchors Roman Polanski's 1974 noir, starring Faye

Dunaway and also John Huston. 212 3724 41 Bonnie & Clyde 

Warren Beatty and Faye Dunaway stars as the irresistible outlaws at the heart of Arthur

Penn's controversial, stylish flick in 1967. 200 3350 

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42 The Treasure of the Sierra Madre 

John Huston's 1948 adventure stars Humphrey Bogart as one of three gold prospectors

undone by their own good fortune. 175 3123 43 Shane 

A great cast (Alan Ladd, Jack Palance) anchors George Stevens's 1953 Western about a

lone gunman defending a pioneer family. 72 3060 44 The Quiet Man 

Lushly filmed on location in Ireland, John Ford's 1952 romance gorgeous follows John

Wayne as he travels to the country and finds a wife. 64th 3030 45 Stagecoach 

Amazing stuntwork and great turns by John Wayne and Thomas Mitchell Drive John

Ford's genre-defining Western high-stakes 1939. 49th 2801 46  West Side Story 

Star-crossed love gets the spotlight via Natalie Wood, Richard Beymer, and music by

Leonard Bernstein and Stephen Sondheim. 47th 3509 47  A Streetcar Named Desire 

Marlon Brando's portrayal of a brute in Elia Kazan's intense adaptation of the TennesseeWilliams play is the stuff of movie legend. 26th 3140 48 Rebel Without a Cause 

The drama that made James Dean an anti-hero for decades to come is also an Unmissable

snapshot of the fifties generation gap. 11th 3125 49 Fantasia 

Disney's legendary cartoon fantasy, Which animates beloved selections of classical music, is

still a freewheeling visual delight to this day. -10 3416 50 The Adventures of Robin Hood 

This 1938 costume epic swashbuckling Errol Flynn stars in His arguably greatest role, as

the titular prince of thieves. -12 3032 51 Sunset Boulevard 

Billy Wilder's dark 1950 comedy features Gloria Swanson as an aging film queen and

William Holden as her suitor. -48 3066 52 Notorious 

Alfred Hitchcock's ninth movie, starring Ingrid Bergman and Cary Grant, features many

iconic moments, including that famous marathon kiss. In 2865 -49 53 It happened One Night 

Frank Capra's madcap comedy pairs Claudette Colbert and Clark Gable as a reporter and

a socialite who fall in love despite the odds. In 2911 -57 54 Double Indemnity 

One of Billy Wilder's finest works, this classic stars Fred MacMurray and noir Barbara

Stanwyck as co-conspirators in marital murder. In 2893 -59 55 The Wild Bunch 

This controversial 1969 Western was one of the most brutal of its day with stomach-turning

Plenty of violence courtesy of Sam Peckinpah. In 2677 -93 56  All Quiet on the Western Front 

Lewis Milestone's hugely popular adaptation of Erich Maria Remarque's novel is the first

great antiwar movie to be made with sound. -106 2726 

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57  The Philadelphia Story 

George CUKOR's sophisticated romantic farce stars Cary Grant, Katharine Hepburn, and

James Stewart in a battle of wits societal. -125 2895 58 Easy Rider 

In Dennis Hopper's generation-defining 1969 classic, he, Jack Nicholson, Peter Fonda and

hit the road in search of nirvana. -161 3127 59 Red River 

For Montgomery Clift's first-ever role, he stars as the adoptive son of John Wayne's

Vicious rancher in this Howard Hawks Western. -168 2482 60 All About Eve 

This acerbic Oscar-sweeping drama stars Bette Davis as an aging Broadway Dame and

Anne Baxter as a scheming young social climber. -189 2777 61 The Third Man 

Haunting Carol Reed's 1949 iconic mystery has too many parts to mention plus a sardonic

turn by Orson Welles as a man presumed dead. -196 2804 62 Duck Soup 

Zany packed with gags and humor, this 1933 comedy is one of the Marx Brothers' funniest,most surreal, and most beloved works. -231 2713 63 Rebecca 

The only Hitchcock movie with a Best Picture Oscar, this gothic mystery stars Laurence

Olivier as a moody widower. -238 2620 64 Roman Holiday 

Audrey Hepburn and Gregory Peck's chemistry drives this old-fashioned courtship story,

Which was nominated for ten Oscars in 1953. -246 2862 65 The Big Sleep 

Howard Hawks's classic noir sets the standard for private-detective flicks, with star turns

by Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall. -257 2525 66  The Best Years of Our Lives 

William Wyler's landmark 1946 drama follows three World War II vets, including Oscar

winner Harold Russell, as They return home. -272 2516 67  Midnight Cowboy 

John Schlesinger's gritty, provocative portrait of two unlikely friends provided career-

defining roles for Dustin Hoffman and Jon Voight. -285 2799 68 Modern Times 

Charlie Chaplin bids farewell to silent comedy with this laugh-a-minute satire in 1936

Which he plays a victimized factory worker. -308 2626 69 Shoppers Up Baby 

Cary Grant and Katharine Hepburn shine in the screwball comedy of the DEFINITIVE

thirties, courtesy of ace director Howard Hawks. -331 2639 70 Yankee Doodle Dandy 

James Cagney and Walter Huston star in this 1942 flag-waving musical biography of 

legendary composer George M. Cohan. -333 2489 71 My Darling Clementine 

One of John Ford's most riveting Westerns, this semi-historical work stars Henry Fonda as

Wyatt Earp and Walter Brennan as His foe. -342 2346 

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72 The Night of the Hunter 

Robert Mitchum's performance drives this noirish thriller from director Charles Laughton

about a psychopath prowling the Ohio River Valley. -357 2411 73 City Lights 

Charlie Chaplin's final silent film and finds the best Little Trump Helping a blind flower

seller (Virginia Cherrill) regain her sight. -370 2594 74 Touch of Evil 

Orson Welles's 1958 offbeat thriller follows a narcotics agent (Charlton Heston) out to take

down a corrupt old cop (Welles). -374 2486 75 The Bride of Frankenstein 

Boris Karloff's iconic monster lurching meets Elsa Lanchester in His match in this darkly

witty sequel to the 1935 horror classic. -385 2595 76  Paths of Glory 

Stanley Kubrick delivers a powerfully bleak, predictably intense antiwar drama, starring

Kirk Douglas, about a military incursion gone awry. -386 2498 77  A Night at the Opera 

The first big-budget Marx Brothers movie, this 1935 gem, about a group of wisecrackingstowaways, is widely considered their best. -391 2445 78 His Girl Friday 

This hilarious battle-of-the-sexes romp is vintage Howard Hawks, full of bawdy double by

Rosalind Russell quipped entendres and Cary Grant. -430 2438 79 Annie Hall 

Widely considered Woody Allen's finest work, this bittersweet romance posits New York

Diane Keaton as His flighty, adorable foil. -431 3155 80 Wuthering Heights 

Laurence Olivier brings Emily Bronte's Heathcliff to life in this brooding adaptation of the

famous 1939 love story set on the moors. -487 2427 81 Who's afraid of Virginia Woolf? 

Mike Nichols's Directorial debut stars Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton as the acerbic

love-hate pair who dominate the story. -517 2487 82 The Gold Rush 

Charlie Chaplin's most critically acclaimed movie, this melodramatic silent work

reimagines the Little Trump as a prospector in the 1800s. -521 2329 83 The General 

Buster Keaton directs himself in this visually stunning 1926 silent comedy Consider that

many to be the amazing talent's finest work. -526 2382 84 Meet Me in St. Louis 

Some of Judy Garland's greatest songs are integrated into this upbeat, captivating 1944

Vincente Minnelli musical from director. -584 2420 85 An American in Paris 

One of the greatest musicals of the fifties, this colorful toe-tapping classic finds the grace

and athleticism of Gene Kelly on full display. -606 2406 86  Top Hat 

Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers are in fine form for this gem, romantic comedy mixing,

endless dancing, and a superb Irving Berlin score. -726 2266 

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87  A Star Is Born 

George CUKOR's classic tearjerker stars Judy Garland as a young singer whose marriage

to an alcoholic film star ends in tragedy.  -838 2234 88 The Birth of a Nation 

The first-ever feature-length silent movie, DW Griffith Lillian Gish's sweeping Civil War

drama, starring was a massive technological coup. -902 2476 89 The Magnificent Ambersons 

Orson Welles displays a refined touch in this 1942 costume drama about a nineteenth-

century family's Struggles with the changing times. -998 2194 90 The Lady Eve 

Barbara Stanwyck and Charles Coburn against con artists play the Henry Fonda in

Preston Sturges's millionaire's still-fresh romantic comedy. -999 2137 91 Out of the Past 

Jacques Tourneur's 1947 noir beguiling stars Robert Mitchum as a laconic private

detective who falls under the spell of a femme fatale. -1 002 2120 92 42nd Street 

This behind-the-scenes musical tells the story of a flailing producer (Warner Baxter) and achorus girl (Ruby Keeler) who dreams of fame. -1 016 2142 93 Sunrise 

In FW Murnau's American debut, this silent movie with roots in German Expressionism, a

deadly love triangle is raised to the level of art.  In 2127 -1087 94 Ninotchka 

This sparkling, delightfully witty Ernst Lubitsch romantic comedy was advertised,

famously, in Which the movie as "Garbo laughs!" 2162 -1134 95 Greed 

Erich von Stroheim's notorious silent-era production charts one man's descent into

insanity due to His wife's unending greed. -1 166 2070 96  Nashville 

Robert Altman's country-music flick finds a colorful cast, including Shelley Duvall and

Keith Carradine, converging in the title city. -1 188 2272 97  Intolerance 

DW Griffith's silent epic starring Lillian Gish is a series of vignettes remarkable for their

Exquisite sets, photography, and editing. -1 240 2142 98 Trouble in Paradise 

An Exquisite, by Ernst Lubitsch bubbly work, this good-natured comedy follows a 1932

pair of con artists en route to romance.  -1 243 2087 99 Letter from an Unknown Woman 

Max Ophuls's 1948 tearjerker tells the story of the unspoken love of a woman (Joan

Fontaine) for her neighbor (Louis Jourdan). -1 327 2169 100 The Crowd 

King Vidor's silent masterpiece sad stars James Murray and Eleanor Boardman as a

young couples struggling to make ends meet. 

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Developments sa maikling

Wars at pulitika

Ang bilang ng mga tao na namatay sa panahon ng ika-20 siglo sa pamamagitan ng mga aksyon

ng pamahalaan ay maaaring bilang mataas na bilang 400 milyong. [banggit kailangan] Kabilang dito angmga pagkamatay sanhi ng mga wars, pagpatay ng lahi, politicide at mass murders. Ang mga

pagkamatay mula sa mga battles, sunog bombings at nuclear bomb na ginagamit habang ang

dalawang wars ng mundo nag-iisa ay tinatayang sa pagitan ng 5-80. Pampulitika siyentipiko

Rudolph Rummel tinatayang 262000000 mga pagkamatay na dulot ng democide, na nagbubukodsa mga pumatay sa mga battles ng digmaan, ang mga populasyong sibil na unitentionally

namatay sa digmaan at

 mga killings ng mga mobs ng rioting. [3] Ayon sa Charles Tilly, "Sama-sama,

halos 100 milyong mga tao ay namatay bilang isang direktang resulta ng pagkilos sa

pamamagitan ng organisado militar na mga unit na-back sa pamamagitan ng isang pamahalaan oibang sa kabuuan ng ikadalawampu siglo. Malamang isang maihahambing na bilang ng mga

populasyong sibil na namatay ng digmaan-sapilitan sakit at iba pang mga hindi direktang

 epekto. "[4]

Ito ay tinatayang na humigit -kumulang sa 70 milyong mga Europeans namatay sa pamamagitanng digmaan, karahasan at gutom sa pagitan ng 1914 at 1945 . [5]

  Pagkatapos ng pagkakaroon ng pampulitikang karapatan sa Estados Unidos at marami ng Europa

sa unang bahagi ng siglo, at sa pagdating ng bagong mga pamamaraan ng kontrol ng

kapanganakan, kababaihan ay naging mas independiyenteng sa buong siglo.

  Tumataas na ang nasyonalismo at pagtaas ng pambansang kamalayan ay kabilang sa maraming

mga dahilan ng World War I (1914-1918), ang unang ng dalawang wars na kasangkot ang

maraming mga pangunahing kapangyarihan sa mundo kabilang ang Alemanya, Pransya , Italya,

Japan, Russia / USSR, ang Estados Unidos at ang British Empire . Unang Digmaang Pandaigdig na

humantong sa paglikha ng maraming mga bagong bansa, lalo na sa Eastern Europe . Sa oras na

ito ay sinabi ng maraming mga na ang "digmaan upang tapusin ang digmaan ".

  Civil wars na naganap sa maraming mga bansa . Isang marahas na digmaang sibil sinira out sa

Espanya sa 1936 kapag General Francisco Franco rebelled laban sa Second Espanyol Republic .

Maraming isaalang-alang ang digmaan bilang isang pagsubok na larangan ng digmaan para sa

World War II, pati na ang mga pasista armies bombed ang ilang mga Espanyol teritoryo.

  Ang pang-ekonomiya at pampulitikang resulta ng Unang Digmaang Pandaigdig at ang Mahusay

na depression sa 1930s na humantong sa tumaas ng pasismo at Nasismo sa Europa, at

pagkatapos sa World War II (1939-1945) . Digmaan din ito kasangkot Asya at ng Pasipiko, sa

form ng Hapon na pagsalakay laban sa Tsina at Estados Unidos. Populasyong sibil din

pinagdudusahan lubhang sa World War II, dahil sa ang himpapawid na pambobomba ng mga 

lungsod sa magkabilang panig, at ang Aleman na pagpatay ng lahi ng ng mga Hudyo at iba pa ,na kilala bilang ang Holocaust. Noong 1945, Hiroshima at Nagasaki ay bombed sa nuclear armas 

.

  Sa panahon ng World War ko, sa Russia ang Bolshevik putsch kinuha sa ibabaw ng mga Russian

Revolution ng 1917, precipitating ang founding ng Sobiyet Union at ang tumaas ng komunismo.

Matapos ang Sobiyet Union ng paglahok sa World War II, ang komunismo ay naging isang

pangunahing puwersa sa pandaigdigang pulitika, kapansin- pansin sa Eastern Europe, China ,

Indochina at Cuba, na kung saan ang mga komunista partido ay nakakuha malapit-ganap na

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kapangyarihan. Ito na humantong sa ang Cold War at wars proxy gamit ang West , kabilang ang

mga wars sa Korea (1950-1953 ) at Vietnam (1957-1975 ).

   Ang mga Sobyet mga awtoridad ang sanhi ng pagkamatay ng mga milyon-milyong ng kanilang

sariling mga mamamayan upang alisin

 ang domestic pagsalungat. [6] Higit sa 18 milyong mga tao na

lumipas sa pamamagitan ng Gulag, na may isang karagdagang 6 milyong na desterado sa mga remote na

lugar ng Sobiyet Union. [7]

  Ang mga sibil mga karapatan ng kilusan sa Estados Unidos at ang kilusan laban sa aparteid sa

South Africa hinamon panlahi paghiwalay sa mga bansang iyon.

  Ang dalawang mundo wars na humantong sa pagsisikap na dagdagan ang internasyonal na

pakikipagtulungan, kapansin-pansin sa pamamagitan ng founding ng ang Liga ng mga mga

Nations matapos ang World War I, at ang mga kahalili, ang United Nations , pagkatapos ng

World War II.

  Makabayan paggalaw sa sub continent na humantong sa pagsasarili ng India at Pakistan.

  Di-karahasan at sibil pagsuway Gandhi naiimpluwensyahan ng maraming pampulitika paggalaw

sa buong mundo, kabilang ang mga Aprikano Amerikano sibil karapatan kilusan sa USA, at

kalayaan ng mga paggalaw sa South Africa at Burma.

  Ang paglikha ng Israel , ang isang Jewish estado sa Gitnang Silangan, sa pamamagitan ng BritishMandate ng Palestine fueled maraming mga pampook na kasalungat. Ang mga ay

naiimpluwensyahan din ng malawak na mga patlang ng langis sa maraming ng iba pang mga

bansa ng karamihan Arab rehiyon.

  Ang katapusan ng kolonyalismo humantong sa pagsasarili ng maraming mga African at Asian

bansa. Sa panahon ng Cold War , marami sa mga nakahanay sa Estados Unidos, ang USSR, o

China para sa pagtatanggol.

  Pagkatapos ng isang mahabang panahon ng bukang-wars at sumasalungat sa mga European

kapangyarihan, China ang huling imperyal dinastya natapos noong 1912. Ang resultang republika

ay pinalitan, pagkatapos ng isa pang digmaang sibil, sa pamamagitan ng isang komunista na mga

tao sa Republic sa 1949. Sa katapusan ng siglo, bagaman pa rin pinasiyahan sa pamamagitan ng

isang partido komunista, pang-ekonomiyang sistema ng Tsina ay transformed halos ganap na sakapitalismo.

  Ang Mahusay na Tsino gutom ay isang direktang sanhi ng kamatayan ng sampu-sampung

milyong ng mga Tsino peasants sa pagitan ng 1959 at 1962. Ito ay naisip na ang pinakamalaking

gutom sa tao kasaysayan . [8]

 

  Ang Tiananmen Square protests ng 1989 , culminating sa pagkamatay ng daan-daan ng mga

sibilyan na protestors, ay sa isang serye ng mga demonstrations sa at malapit sa Tiananmen

Square sa Beijing, China. Na humantong pangunahing sa pamamagitan ng mga mag-aaral at

intellectuals, ang protests naganap sa isang taon na nakita ang pagbagsak ng isang bilang ng mga

komunista na pamahalaan sa buong mundo.

  Ang mga revolutions ng 1989 na inilabas Eastern at Central Europe mula sa Sobyet paghahari.

Nagtagal pagkatapos noon, ang Sobiyet Union , Czechoslovakia , at Yugoslavia dissolved, sa huli

sa marahas sa loob ng ilang taon, sa estado ng kapalit, maraming mga putos sa etniko 

nasyonalismo . East Germany at West Germany ay reunified sa 1990.

  European integration ay nagsimula sa maalab sa mga 1950s, at huli na humantong sa ang 

European Union, ang isang pampulitika at pang-ekonomiyang unyon na binubuo ng 15 mga

bansa sa sa dulo ng siglo.

Kultura at entertainment

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  Bilang siglo nagsimula, Paris ay ang masining na capital ng mundo, kung saan ang parehong

Pranses at sa ibang bansa mga manunulat, mga composers at mga visual artist nakukuha.

  Pelikula , musika at ang media ay isang malaking impluwensiya sa fashion at mga uso sa lahat ng

aspeto ng buhay . Tulad ng maraming mga pelikula at magkano ang musika ay nagmula mula sa

Estados Unidos, ang Amerikano kultura kumalat mabilis sa buong mundo.

  1953 nakita ang kaakit-akit na koronasyon ng Queen Elizabeth II, ng isang lubos ng imahen at

revered na malaman ng ika- 20 siglo.

  Visual kultura ay naging mas nangingibabaw hindi lamang sa pelikula ngunit sa mga komiks at

telebisyon pati na rin. Habang ang siglo ng isang bagong bihasang-unawa ng narrativist imahe ay

binuo.

  Computer games at internet surfing ay naging bago at tanyag na form ng entertainment sa

panahon ng huling 25 taon ng ang siglo .

  Sa literatura, science fiction , pantasiya (na may mahusay na binuo fictional mundo, mayaman sa

detalye) , alternatibong kasaysayan fiction nakakuha nagagawang katanyagan . tiktik fiction

nagkamit ng walang uliran katanyagan sa pagitan ng dalawang mundo wars.

  Blues at  jazz musika ay naging popularized sa panahon ng 1910s at 1920s sa Estados Unidos .

Blues nagpunta sa impluwensiya ng rock at roll sa ang 1950s, na lamang nadagdagan sa

katanyagan sa British imbasyon ng mid-to-huli '60s . Rock sa lalong madaling panahon branchedsa maraming iba't-ibang genres , kabilang ang mabigat metal , punk rock, at alternatibong rock

at naging ang nangingibabaw genre ng popular na musika. Ito ay hinamon sa tumaas ng

balakang kumandirit sa 1980s at 1990s. Iba pang mga genres tulad ng bahay , techno , reggae, at 

kaluluwa lahat ng ginawa sa panahon ng huling kalahati ng ika-20 na siglo at nagpunta sa

pamamagitan ng mga iba't-ibang panahon ng katanyagan.

  Modern Dance ay ipinanganak sa America bilang isang 'paghihimagsik' laban sa mga siglo gulang

na European baley . Dancers at mga choreographers tulad ng Isadora Duncan, Ruth St Denis ,

Martha Graham , Jose Limon , Doris Humphrey , Merce Cunningham at Paul Taylor ka- natukoy

na kilusan, struggling upang maibalik ito sa nito 'natural' Roots at kasama sa Jazz, nilikha ang

isang tanging Amerikano art form.

 Ako at ang Village sa pamamagitan ng Marc Chagall , ang isang modernong pintor .

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  Sa classical na musika , ang komposisyon branched out sa maraming mga ganap na bagong

domain, kabilang ang dodecaphony , aleatoric (pagkakataon) musika , at minimalism.

  Synthesizers nagsimulang malawak na trabaho sa musika at crossed sa ibabaw sa mainstream na

may bagong alon ng musika sa ang 1980s. Electronic instrumento ay malawak na deployed sa

lahat ng mga kaugalian ng tanyag na musika at ito ay humantong sa pagbuo ng naturang genres

bilang bahay, synthpop, electronic sayaw musika , mga at pang-industriya .

  Ang sining mundo ay nakaranas ang pagbuo ng mga bagong estilo at explorations tulad ng

pagpapahayag , Dadaism , kubismo, de stijl, abstract pagpapahayag at surealismo.

  Ang modernong art kilusan revolutionized ang sining at kultura at itakda ang entablado para sa 

parehong pagkamakabago at ang kanyang kapilas postmodern art pati na rin ang iba pang mga

napapanahon mga kasanayan sa sining.

  Art Nouveau nagsimula bilang ang pinaka-advanced architecture at disenyo ngunit nagpunta

hindi makauso matapos ang Unang Digmaang Pandaigdig. estilo ay dynamic at mataas na

mapanlikha, gayunpaman ang depression ng ang Great War ginawa ito mahirap upang

panatilihin up ang naturang mataas na pamantayan.

  Sa Europa, modernong architecture nakaraan radically mula sa labis na medalya ng Victoria 

panahon . Pinagbuti form na inspirasyon sa pamamagitan ng machine ay naging mas palasak,

pinagana ng mga developments sa mga gusali ng mga materyales at teknolohiya. BagoIkalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig, maraming mga European na arkitekto inilipat sa Estados

Unidos, na kung saan ang modernong architecture patuloy upang bumuo.

  Ang sasakyan ay malaking-malaki nadagdagan ang kadaliang mapakilos ng mga tao sa Western

bansa sa unang sa kalagitnaan ng siglo, at sa maraming iba pang mga lugar sa pamamagitan ng

dulo ng siglo . City disenyo sa buong karamihan ng ang West naging nakatutok sa sasakyan sa

pamamagitan ng kotse.

  Ang katanyagan ng isport ay nadagdagan lubha-parehong bilang isang aktibidad para sa lahat, at

bilang aliwan, lalo na sa telebisyon . Maraming mga dictators sa ika-20 siglo ay suportado

organisado isport.

Agham at Matematika

  Advanced sa pamamagitan ng ang Turing machine , ang mga bagong larangan ng matematika

pag-aaral ng computability at pagiging kumplikado ng pagtutuos ay ginawa.

  Gödel ay incompleteness theorems ay formulated at napatunayan.

  Bagong lugar ng physics, tulad ng espesyal na kapamanggitan , pangkalahatang kapamanggitan,

at kabuuan mekanika, ay ginawa sa panahon ng unang kalahati ng siglo.

  Habang ang ilang mga nangungunang mga eksperimento tungkol sa mga panloob na istraktura

ng mga atoms ay ginawa sa dulo ng ika-19 siglo, ito ay lamang sa ika-20 siglo ang istraktura ng

mga atoms ay malinaw na nauunawaan, na sinusundan ng pagtuklas ng mga elementarya

particle.

  Ito ay natagpuan na ang lahat ng mga kilala pwersa ay maaaring traced sa mga lamang ang apat

na pangunahing mga pakikipag -ugnayan. Ito ay natuklasan pa na dalawa sa kanila, katulad ng 

electromagnetism at mahina pakikipag- ugnayan, maaaring Pinagsama sa pakikipag-ugnayan 

electroweak, Aalis lamang tatlong magkakaibang pangunahing mga pakikipag-ugnayan .

  Pagtuklas ng mga nuclear na reaksyon, sa partikular nuclear pagsasanib, sa wakas malutas ang

problema ng pinagmulan ng solar na enerhiya. Ang edad ng solar system, kabilang ang Earth, ay

tinutukoy at nakabukas ito upang mas mas lumang kaysa sa kung ano ang itinuturing na bago

(higit sa 4 na bilyong taon kaysa sa 20 milyong taon na iminungkahing sa pamamagitan ng

Panginoon Kelvin sa 1862

 [9 ]).

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  Radiocarbon dating ay naging isang malakas na pamamaraan upang matukoy ang edad ng

sinaunang-panahon na mga hayop at halaman pati na rin ang mga makasaysayang bagay.

Walang ganitong pamamaraan na umiiral sa 19 na siglo.

  Sa astronomiya, magkano ang mas mahusay na-unawa ng ebolusyon ng Uniberso ay nakakamit,

ang kanyang edad ay tinutukoy , ang Big Bang theory ay iminungkahi. Ang mga planeta sa Solar

System at ang kanilang mga moons ay malapit na sinusunod, ang mga planeta tulad ng Pluto ay

natuklasan sa 1930s sa gilid ng Solar System, bagaman Pluto ay dahil ay declassified bilang isang

planeta; at muling inuri bilang isang planeta dwarf. Sa mga planeta sa aming Solar System ito ay

natagpuan na walang nararamdaman (o komplikadong hayop o halaman) na buhay sa kanilang

mga ibabaw . Extrasolar mga planeta ay sinusunod para sa unang pagkakataon.

  Sa biology, genetika ay nang buong pagkakaisa tinanggap at makabuluhang binuo. Ang istraktura

ng DNA ay tinutukoy sa 1953 sa pamamagitan ng Watson at sumala, sumusunod na sa

pamamagitan ng pagbuo ng pamamaraan na nagbibigay-daan sa upang basahin ang mga

sequences ng DNA at culminating sa simula ang Human Genome Project (hindi pa tapos sa ika-

20 siglo ) at cloning ang unang hayop na nagpapasuso noong 1996.

  Ang papel ng pagpaparami ng sex sa paglaki ay nauunawaan, at bacterial banghay ay natuklasan

.

Engineering at Teknolohiya

Sa kaibahan sa mga naunang siglo, ang isa sa mga pinaka-kilalang katangian ng mundo sa

panahon ng ika-20 siglo ay ang marahas na paglago ng mga teknolohiya. Inayos na pananaliksik 

at pagsasanay ng science humantong sa pagsulong sa larangan ng komunikasyon, engineering,travel, gamot, at digmaan.

  Ang bilang at uri ng mga kasangkapan sa bahay ay nadagdagan kapansin-pansing dahil sa

advancements sa teknolohiya , ang availability ng koryente, at pagtaas sa kayamanan at

paglilibang time. Ganitong mga pangunahing mga kasangkapan tulad ng washing machine , mga 

damit dryers, furnaces, ehersisyo machine , refrigerators, freezers, electric stoves , at vacuumcleaners lahat ay naging popular na mula sa 1920s sa pamamagitan ng 1950s. Ang microwave

hurno ay naging popular sa panahon ng 1980s . Radios ay popularized bilang isang form ng

entertainment sa panahon ng 1920s, na pinalawak na sa telebisyon sa panahon ng 1950s . Cable 

telebisyon kumalat mabilis sa panahon ng 1980s . pansarili computer nagsimulang ipasok ang

bahay sa panahon ng 1970s-1980s bilang maayos. Ang edad ng portable music player na lumago

sa panahon ng 1960s sa pagbuo ng 8- track at mga cassette tape, na dahan-dahan ay

nagsimulang upang palitan ang mga record manlalaro. Ang mga ay sa turn na pinalitan ng CD sa

panahon ng huli 1980s at 1990s . Ang paglaganap ng Internet sa kalagitnaan sa huli 1990s

ginawa digital na pamamahagi ng musika ( mp3s) posibleng . VCR ay popularized sa ang 1970s,

ngunit sa pagtatapos ng sanlibong taon , ang mga DVD ay simula upang palitan ang mga ito.

  Ang unang eroplano ay flown noong 1903. Gamit ang engineering ng mas mabilis na engine ng jet sa ang 1940s , mass air travel naging komersyal mabubuhay.

  Ang assembly line ay ginawa ang mass produksyon ng automobile mabubuhay. Sa katapusan ng

siglo, bilyon-bilyong mga tao ay nagkaroon ng mga sasakyan para sa personal transportasyon sa.

Ang kumbinasyon ng mga ang sasakyan, motor bangka at air travel na pinapayagan para sa

walang uliran na personal na kadaliang mapakilos. Sa kanluran bansa, motor sasakyan aksidente

ay naging ang pinakamalaking sanhi ng kamatayan para sa mga kabataan. Gayunman, ang

pagpapalawak ng hinati highway nabawasan ang rate ng kamatayan.

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  Ang triode tube ( Audion ), transistor at integrated circuit revolutionized computer , na

humahantong sa paglaganap ng personal computer sa 1980s at mga cell phone at ang

pampublikong- gamitin ang Internet sa ang 1990s.

  Bagong mga materyales, pinaka-kapansin- pansin hindi kinakalawang na asero , plastik , 

polyethylene , Velcro, at teflon, ay dumating sa lakit gamitin para sa maraming iba't-ibang mga

application.

  Aluminyo naging isang murang metal at naging pangalawang lamang sa mga bakal na ginagamit.

Semiconductors ay ilagay sa gamitin sa mga electronic na bagay.

  Libo- libong ng kemikal ay ginawa para sa pang-industriyang processing at gamitin sa bahay.

  Ang Space Race sa pagitan ng Estados Unidos at ang Sobiyet Union nagbigay ng isang

mapayapang labasan sa ang pampulitika at militar tensions ng ang Cold War, humahantong sa

ang unang tao spaceflight sa ang Sobiyet Union ay Vostok  1 misyon sa 1961, at unang landing

tao sa ibang mundo - Buwan -sa America ay  Apolo 11 misyon sa 1969. Mamaya, ang unang

istasyon ng space ay inilunsad sa pamamagitan ng Sobyet programa space . Ang Estados Unidos

binuo ang unang (at petsa lamang) magagamit muli spacecraft sistema sa programa ng Space 

Shuttle, unang inilunsad sa 1981 . Bilang siglo ay natapos, ang isang permanenteng pinapatakbo

ng tao na presensya sa espasyo ay itinatag sa patuloy na pagbuo ng International Space Station.

  Bilang karagdagan sa Human spaceflight, hindi pinuno ang mga tauhan space probes ay nagingisang praktikal at relatibong murang paraan ng paggalugad. The first orbiting space probe,

Sputnik 1 , was launched by the Soviet Union in 1957. Over time, a massive system of artificial

satellites was placed into orbit around Earth. These satellites greatly advanced navigation,

communications, military intelligence, geology, climate, and numerous other fields. Also, by the

end of the century, unmanned probes had visited the Moon, Mercury , Venus , Mars , Jupiter ,

Saturn , Uranus , Neptune , and various asteroids and comets. The Hubble Space Telescope ,

launched in 1990, greatly expanded our understanding of the Universe and brought brilliant

images to TV and computer screens around the world.

Medicine

  Placebo - controlled , randomized , blinded clinical trials became a powerful tool for testing new

medicines.

  Antibiotics drastically reduced mortality from bacterial diseases and their prevalence .

  A vaccine was developed for polio , ending a worldwide epidemic . Effective vaccines were also

developed for a number of other serious infectious diseases , including influenza , diphtheria,

pertussis (whooping cough), tetanus , measles , mumps , rubella (German measles) , chickenpox 

, hepatitis A , and hepatitis B .

  A successful application of  epidemiology and vaccination led to the eradication of the smallpox 

virus in humans.

  X-rays became powerful diagnostic tool for wide spectrum of diseases, from bone fractures to

cancer . In the 1960s, computerized tomography was invented. Other important diagnostic tools

developed were sonography and magnetic resonance imaging .

  Development of  vitamins virtually eliminated scurvy and other vitamin-deficiency diseases from

industrialized societies.

  New psychiatric drugs were developed. These include antipsychotics for treating hallucinations 

and delusions , and antidepressants for treating depression .

  The role of  tobacco smoking in the causation of  cancer and other diseases was proven during

the 1950s (see British Doctors Study ).

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  New methods for cancer treatment, including chemotherapy , radiation therapy , and

immunotherapy , were developed. As a result, cancer could often be cured or placed in

remission .

  The development of  blood typing and blood banking made blood transfusion safe and widely

available.

  The invention and development of  immunosuppressive drugs and tissue typing made organ and

tissue transplantation a clinical reality.

  Research on sleep and circadian rhythms led to the discovery of sleep disorders.

  New methods for heart surgery were developed, including pacemakers and artificial hearts .

  Cocaine / crack and heroin were found to be dangerous addictive drugs, and their wide usage

had been outlawed; mind-altering drugs such as LSD and MDMA were discovered and later

outlawed. In many countries, a war on drugs caused prices to soar 10x-20x higher, leading to

profitable black market drugdealing , and to prison inmate sentences being 80% related to drug

use by the 1990s.

  Contraceptive drugs were developed, which reduced population growth rates in industrialized

countries.

  The development of medical insulin during the 1920s helped raise the life expectancy of 

diabetics to three times of what it had been earlier.  The elucidation of the structure and function of  DNA initiated the development of  genetic

engineering and the mapping of the human genome .

  Masturbation was found to be a harmless activity. Beliefs that it seriously harms physical and

mental health, shared by 19th century physicians, were found to be wrong. [ 10 ] 

  As a result of some of the above developments, most notably antibiotics and vaccines, child and

young people's mortality decreased drastically.

Notable diseases

  An influenza pandemic, the Spanish Flu , killed anywhere from 20 to 100 million people between

1918 and 1919.  A new viral disease, AIDS , arose in Africa and subsequently killed millions of people throughout

the world. AIDS treatments remained inaccessible to many people living with AIDS in developing

countries , and a cure has yet to be discovered.

  Because of increased life spans , the prevalence of cancer, Alzheimer's disease , Parkinson's

disease , and other diseases of  old age increased slightly.

  Sedentary lifestyles , due to labor-saving devices and technology, contributed to an "epidemic"

of  obesity , at first in the rich countries, but by the end of the century, increasingly in the

developing world, too.

Energy and the environment

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Oil field in California , 1938 The first modern oil well was drilled in 1848 by Russian engineer FN

Semyonov, on the Apsheron Peninsula north-east of  Baku .

  The dominant use of  fossil sources and nuclear power , considered the conventional energy

sources.

  Widespread use of  petroleum in industry—both as a chemical precursor to plastics and as a fuel

for the automobile and airplane —

led to the vital geopolitical importance of petroleum

resources. The Middle East, home to many of the world's oil deposits, became a center of 

geopolitical and military tension throughout the latter half of the century. (For example, oil was

a factor in Japan's decision to go to war against the United States in 1941, and the oil cartel,

OPEC , used an oil embargo of sorts in the wake of the Yom Kippur War in the 1970s).

  A vast increase in fossil fuel consumption caused smog and other forms of  air pollution , global

warming , local and global climate change .

  Pesticides , herbicides and other toxic chemicals accumulated in the environment, including the

bodies of humans and other animals.

  Overpopulation and worldwide deforestation diminished the quality of the environment .

The world at the end of the century

By the end of the 20th century, more technological advances had been made than in all of 

preceding history. Communications and information technology, transportation technology, andmedical advances had radically altered daily lives. Europe appeared to be at a sustainable peace

for the first time in recorded history. The people of the Indian subcontinent, a sixth of the world

population at the end of the century, had attained an indigenous independence for the first time incenturies. China, an ancient nation comprising a fifth of the world population, was finally open

to the world in a new and powerful synthesis of west and east, creating a new state after the near-

complete destruction of the old cultural order. With the end of colonialism and the Cold War,

nearly a billion people in Africa were left with truly independent new nation states, some cut

from whole cloth, standing up after centuries of foreign domination.

The world was undergoing its second major period of  globalization ; the first, which started inthe 18th century, having been terminated by World War I. Since the US was in a position of 

almost unchallenged domination, a major part of the process was Americanization . This led to

anti-Western and anti-American feelings in parts of the world, especially the Middle East. Theinfluence of China and India was also rising, as the world's largest populations, long

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marginalized by the West and by their own rulers, were rapidly integrating with the world

economy.

Terrorism , dictatorship , and the spread of  nuclear weapons were some issues requiring

attention. The world was still blighted by small-scale wars and other violent conflicts, fueled by

competition over resources and by ethnic conflicts. Despots such as Kim Jong-il of  North Korea continued to lead their nations toward the development of nuclear weapons.

Disease threatened to destabilize many regions of the world. New viruses such as SARS and

West Nile continued to spread. Malaria and other diseases affected large populations. Millions

were infected with HIV , the virus which causes AIDS . The virus was becoming an epidemic insouthern Africa .

Some speculate that in the long term, environmental problems may threaten the planet's

liveability. One popular belief is that global warming may be occurring, and may be due tohuman-caused emission of  greenhouse gases , particularly carbon dioxide produced by theburning of  fossil fuels . This prompted many nations to negotiate and sign the Kyoto treaty ,

which set mandatory limits on carbon dioxide emissions.