8/18/2019 20 Common Amino Acids Physiological1
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A GUIDE TO THE TWENTY COMMON AMINO ACIDSAMINO ACIDS ARE THE
BUILDING BLOCKS OF PROTEINS IN LIVING ORGANISMS. THERE ARE OVER 500
AMINO ACIDS FOUND IN NATURE - HOWEVER, THE HUMAN GENETIC CODE
ONLY DIRECTLY ENCODES 20. ‘ESSENTIAL’ AMINO ACIDS MUST BE
OBTAINED FROM THE DIET, WHILST NON-ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS CAN BE
SYNTHESISED IN THE BODY.
BY NC ND
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C
Alanine A Ala
Glycine GGly
ISOLEUCINE IIle
LEUCINE LLeu
PROLINE PPro
VALINE VVal
PHENYLALANINE FPhe
TRYPTOPHAN WTrp
TYROSINE YTyr
ASPARTIC ACID D Asp
GLUTAMIC ACID EGlu
ARGININE R Arg
HISTIDINE HHis
THREONINE TThr
CYSTEINE CCys
METHIONINE MMet
ASPARAGINE N Asn
GLUTAMINE QGln
ALIPHATIC AROMATIC SULFUR-CONTAININGACIDIC BASIC HYDROXYLIC
SERINE SSer
LYSINE KLys
AMIDIC
NH3
O
O H3N
O
O
NH3
O
O
NH3
O
ONH
2
O
O
NH3
O
O
NH3
O
O NH3
HN
OO
NH3
HO
O
O
NH3
O
O
O
O
NH3
O
O
O
O
NH3
NH
NH2
H2N
O
O
NH3HN
HN
O
O
NH3
H3N
O
O
NH3
HO
O
O
NH3
OH O
O
NH3
HS
O
ONH
3
S
O
O
NH3
O
H2N
O
ONH
3
O
H2N
O
O
NON-ESSENTIAL ESSENTIALChar Ke:
Not: This chart only shows those amino acids for which the
human genetic code directly codes for. Selenocysteine is often
referred to as the 21st amino acid, but is encoded in a special
manner.In some cases, distinguishing between asparagine/aspartic
acid and glutamine/glutamic acid is difcult. In these cases, the
codes asx (B) and glx ( Z) are respectively used.
three letter code
Chemica Structur
(a physiologica pH)
NAME
A
single letter code
GCT, GCC, GCA, GCGDNA codons GGT, GGC, GGA, GGG ATT, ATC, ATA
CTT, CTC, CTA, CTG, TTA, TTG CCT, CCC, CCA, CCG GTT, GTC, GTA,
GTG
TTT, TTC TGG TAT, TAC GAT, GAC GAA, GAG CGT, CGC, CGA, CGG, AGA,
AGG CAT, CAC
AAA, AAG TCT, TCC, TCA, TCG, AGT, AGC ACT, ACC, ACA, ACG TGT,
TGC ATG AAT, AAC CAA, CAG
