bere:architects

73 Poets Road

London N5 2SH

T +44(0)20 7359 4503

www.bere.co.uk

Building Better Buildings / UCL / Technology Strategy Board / Zero Carbon HubMonday, 15th February 2016

2 x BPE studies of Passivhaus domestic projects

Justin Bere twitter: @jbere @berearchitects | www.bere.co.uk

PRESENTATION INCLUDES CONTENT FUNDED BY THE TECHNOLOGY STRATEGY BOARD’S

BUILDING PERFORMANCE EVALUATION PROGRAMME http://goo.gl/ny5vG

bere:architects The Muse54A Newington GreenLondon N16 9PX T +44 (0)20 7241 1064www.bere.co.uk

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Introduction

bere:architects participated in 3 BPE projectsthat were funded by the Technology Strategy Board;

(1) Camden House (domestic)(2) Ebbw Vale social housing (domestic)(3) Mayville / Mildmay Centre (non-domestic)

This presentation focuses on the 2 domestic research projects

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But fi rst, why I wanted to do the BPE projects:

At the time, we were completing some of the UK’s first Passive House buildings... I wanted:

• To know if our buildings were performing OK• To know if our buildings were healthy• To record occupant responses to their homes• To record whether PH methods “work in the UK”• To know if we could do better next time• Results with veracity given by academic partners

I was hopeful of good results, and I wanted to use the results to influence government, industry and the general public; To encourage them to put together a proper National Plan to address the environmental problems that the human species is causing through careless negligence.

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Camden Passivhaus

PROJECT LEAD: BERE:ARCHITECTS BPE PROJECT PARTNER: UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON DR IAN RIDLEY, LEAD RESEARCHER SAMUEL STAMP, CO-HEATING & FABRIC TESTS WITH DR HECTOR ALTAMIRANO & DR BOB LOWE TSB EVALUATOR: IAN MAWDITT TSB LEAD: FRANK AINSCOW

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Camden Passivhaus

PROJECT LEAD: BERE:ARCHITECTS BPE PROJECT PARTNER: UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON DR IAN RIDLEY, LEAD RESEARCHER SAMUEL STAMP, CO-HEATING & FABRIC TESTS WITH DR HECTOR ALTAMIRANO & DR BOB LOWE TSB EVALUATOR: IAN MAWDITT TSB LEAD: FRANK AINSCOW

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Camden Passivhaus

Ground fl oor plan First fl oor plan

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Camden Passivhaus

Ground floor slab 380mm wood fibre insulation

Walls 280mm mineral wool +100mm

wood fibre insulation

Flat roof 280mm PUR + 120mm mineral

wool insulation

Sloping roof 380mm mineral wool insulation

Terrace 130mm PUR insulation

Heat Recovery Ventilation PAUL Thermos 200DC

Building specification:

Section

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Fabric Performance Data - first BPE results

Design targets

0.6h-1 ACH @50Pa max

0.6h-1 ACH @50Pa max

63.6W/K

Ground slab 0.103W/m2K

Lower wall 0.122W/m2K

0.01W/mK at each

junction

Analysis

Blower door test

Tracer gas tests

Co-heating tests

In-situ U-value heat fl ux

measurements

Thermal bridge analysis

Measured performance

0.44h-1 ACH @50Pa

0.38 ±0.08h-1

35±15W/K (too much sun)

56±5W/K (Sam Stamp’s 2nd test)

0.099±0.013 W/m2K

0.097±0.020 W/m2K

specifi c junction

testing not possible but

analysed with infra-red

thermography

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Fabric Performance Data - first BPE results

“The indication is that the Camden Passivhaus is one of only a few co-heating tested dwellings that meets its design intent.”

“This is a positive refl ection on the design and build quality of the house and is especially encouraging considering the low heat loss that was targetted here.”

Samuel Stamp, UCL Energy PhD research student

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Energy consumption - Specific Heat Demand

(Design target)13.7 kWh/m2Specifi c space heating demand

(Measured performance)12.1 kWh/m2

Camden Passivhaus space heating demand compared to the UK existing housing stock

* Benchmark taken from DomEARM

**

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Energy consumption - Electricity demand

Predicted electricity consumption

Monitored electricity consumption

Occupants away on skiing trip

Solar pump running Solar pump running continuously - fi xed in late continuously - fi xed in late January ‘12January ‘12

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Energy consumption - Electricity & Heat

DHW17%

Space heating25%

Lighting11%

Boiler and pumps16%

Sockets, blinds,appliances

25%

HRV5%

Predicted energy demand

DHW25%

Space heating27%

Lighting4%

Boiler and pumps6%

Sockets, blinds,appliances

32%

HRV6%

Measured energy demand

Solar pump

running

continuously

(fi xed in late

January ‘12)Lights on during the day!

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Monitored vs. predicted space heating demand

Energy consumption - Performance gap?

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Energy consumption - Comparison

Annual energy performance compared with benchmarks (DomEARM)

Annual CO2 emissions compared with benchmarks (DomEARM)

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Energy consumption - Comparison

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80

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BedZed The Long House One Brighton Camden Passivhaus Princedale Road

kWh/m

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Total gas and electricity consumption of UK domestic low-energy exemplars

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Comfort - Psychrometric charts - winter

Average daily temperatures

living room 21 - 22 oC

bedroom 19.6 - 20.4 oC

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Comfort - Winter temperatures

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Tempe

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(OC)

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Thermal comfort in January

Living room

Bedroom

External

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Comfort - Psychrometric charts - summer

Average daily temperatures

living room 23.5 -24.5 oC

bedroom 21 - 22 oC

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Comfort - Summer temperatures

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Tempe

rature

(OC)

Date

Thermal comfort in June

Living roomBedroomExternal

Comparison of PHPP predicted and actual annual overheating

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PHPP predicted Actual (>25C) Actual (>26C)

Overheatin

g%

PHPP LIMIT

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PHPP predicted Actual (>25C)

Overheatin

g%

Oct Mar

Summer (Jun Sep)

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Comfort - BUS overall comfort

ComfoverUnsatisfactory :1 7: Satisfactory

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Percentile

Unsatisfactory: 1

2

3

4

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Satisfactory: 7

20406080

^

v

Comfover

© BUSMethodology 2011 A

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Comfort - Interior air quality

Average CO2 concentration

living room average 667ppm

bedroom average 717ppm

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Comfort - BUS perceived health

HealthLess healthy :1 7: More healthy

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Percentile

Less healthy: 1

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More healthy: 7

20406080

^

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Health

© BUSMethodology 2011 A

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Lime House - timber framed passivhaus, Ebbw Vale

Lime House, Ebbw Vale

PROJECT LEAD: BERE:ARCHITECTS BPE PROJECT PARTNER: UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON DR IAN RIDLEY, LEAD RESEARCHER CARDIFF UNIVERSITY, CO-HEATING & FABRIC TESTS TSB EVALUATOR: IAN MAWDITT TSB LEAD: FRANK AINSCOW

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Lime House - timber framed passivhaus, Ebbw Vale

Larch House, Ebbw Vale

PROJECT LEAD: BERE:ARCHITECTS BPE PROJECT PARTNER: UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON DR IAN RIDLEY, LEAD RESEARCHER CARDIFF UNIVERSITY, CO-HEATING & FABRIC TESTS TSB EVALUATOR: IAN MAWDITT TSB LEAD: FRANK AINSCOW

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Detailing for a really

draught-free building

Window / wall junction

Eaves detail

General arrangement airtightness strategy drawing

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Progressively staged detailed drawings

Window Jamb Progress Detail Stage 01 Window Jamb Progress Detail Stage 02

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Progressively staged detailed drawings

Window Jamb Progress Detail Stage 04 Window Jamb Progress Detail Stage 03

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Risk management

Wall / fl oor slab detail

Intermediate fl oor detail

Good collaborative approach with site manager

allowed risks to be identifi ed early

Services penetrations

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Never assume!

BT engineer compromised airtightness layer

with incorrect installation; visiting on a day

that the site manager wasn’t on site!

Thermal Image of BT point

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Careful design and commissioning of services

Frost protection unit

Ventilation unit(Paul Focus)

Intake duct

Extract duct

Heat recovery ventilation unit located in the cupboard on the ground fl oor in the Larch house

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Heat recovery ventilation - filter maintenance

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What we were aiming for

Lime House

Larch House

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Electricity consumption compared to typical

B.14) Time profile of electricity Consumption compared to EST average (Larch)

Average hourly profile of Electricity Consumption with average UK (EST study) profile

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Larch House EST typical UK Larch excluding Cooker

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Electricity consumption & generation - summer

B.17) Time Profile of average PV generation, Export and Grid Import (Larch)

Average hourly profile of PV system

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Generated Exported Total Consumption Imported

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Electricity consumption & generation - winter

A.18 Time Profile of average PV generation, Export and Grid Import (Lime)

Average hourly profile of PV system Winter

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Generated Exported Total Consumption Imported

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Excellent air quality results - Lime House

05101520253035404550556065707580859095

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Relativ

ehu

midity

(%)

Date (time)

Lime House Interior Relative Humidity (%) 12th November 2012 10thDecember 2012

Living room RH

Master bed RH

Downstairs bathroom RH

Upstairs bath RH

Note: the couple in the Lime house has a new born baby'drying clothes several times a day' .The RH spikes which occur in the bathrooms duringshowers decrease fast, due to adequate ventilation.

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Excellent air quality results - Larch House

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Relativ

ehu

midity

(%)

Date (time)

Larch House Interior Relative Humidity (%) 12th Nov 10th Dec 2012

Living room RH

Master bed RH

Bedroom 3 RH

Upstairs bath RH

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* the clothes drying in the bathroom have a lower impact on the internal RH than the showers

* the occasional spikes in RH due to showers, and drying the clothes are quickly cleared by the ventilation system

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Return on investment - if energy prices stable

Code 6 Passivhaus - PAYS BACK THE CAPITAL COST!

Code 5 Passivhaus

Code 4 Passivhaus

Building Regulations minimum standard

50 years

£35,000difference in build-cost inestate quantities

£75,000difference in 50yr value

£180,000

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Return on investment - if 5% energy price-rise

Code 6 Passivhaus - PAYS BACK THE CAPITAL COST!

Code 5 Passivhaus

Code 4 PassivhausBuild

ing Regulatio

ns minim

um standard

50 years

£35,000difference in build-cost inestate quantities

£170,000difference in 50year value!

£300,000

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Return on investment - if 10% energy price-rise

Code 6 Passivhaus

Code 5 PassivhausCode 4 Passivhaus

Buildin

g R

egula

tions

min

imum

sta

ndard

50 years

£35,000difference in build-cost inestate quantities

£870,000difference in 50year value!

£1000,000

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What did I learn from the BPE projects?

Reassurance that some of the UK’s first PH buildings...

• Were performing OK• Were closing the Performance Gap• Were healthy for occupants and for the environment• Occupants loved living in them• PH methods do indeed “work in the UK”

Also:• I got to learn a huge amount from academic partners• I gained massive respect for the work of BPE academics - their work should be a national priority, and funded as such!• I learnt that we can have a Zero Carbon Britain...• I got ideas of the next steps towards this goal.

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Footnote

The very encouraging results of our BPE work, lead me to believe that it is possible, as a nation, to respond effectively to the climate change emergency.

If we inspire intelligent, responsible young people to join and lead the construction industry, and if we have a more responsible political environment, and a responsible attitude towards population growth, then we can build and retrofit both domestic and non-domestic buildings that will be capable of working successfully in a 100% renewable energy grid, along with electric transport and other aspects of daily life.

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