2- Population Composition

Training Course on Basic Demography Richville Hotel, Mandaluyong City

Population Composition

M. Midea M. Kabamalan. Ph.D



1. YES OR NO? (a) Are there more boys born than girls? (b) Are there more boys than girls in the 2000 popula@on of the

Philippines? (c) Could two persons born in the same year have different

ages at a certain point in @me? 2. Which age group comprise the biggest share in the Philippine

popula@on in 2000? < 15; 15-‐64; 65+ 3. In 2000, what do you think is the average age at marriage of

males? of females? 4. What do you think is the average household size in the

Philippines in 2000?


Popula'on Composi'on

refers to the distribu>on within a popula>on of one or more individually carried traits or a@ributes

Composi'on

There are internal differences in the comparability of popula@ons or of the demographic phenomena (“two kinds of people” – Vaupel)


Importance of Studying Popula'on Composi'on

Changes in popula'on composi'on over @me, along with popula@on growth, help define the magnitude and the nature of the challenges associated with making (such) investments for individual na@ons.

Specific popula@on subgroups — children, the school-‐age popula@on, adolescents, women of reproduc@ve age, men and women of labor force age, and the elderly — generate demands for par@cular types of services that require differing social and economic policy and programma@c responses.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Interna>onal Popula>on Reports WP/02, Global Popula>on Profile: 2002, U.S. Government Prin>ng Office, Washington, DC, 2004. (See also 1996 version)


Uses of studying Popula'on Composi'on

• Makes possible an elabora@on of the descrip@on of a popula@on and therefore permits detailed inter-‐popula@on comparisons

• Provides an inventory of human resources of a society

• Describes the variables essen@al for analyzing demographic processes like births and deaths

• Demographic variables and popula@on size are important condi@ons affec@ng the forma@on and change of social structure.

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Popula'on Composi'on

Age

Labor Force

Sex

Marital Status

Household Structure

Popula@on composi@on is usually described using these characteris@cs.

Can you think of other characteris@cs to describe popula@on?


Basic Demographic Variables/!Core Questions in the Census!


Census ques'ons 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Who is the head of this household? x x x x x

Who are the persons usually residing here as of may 1, 2010

x x x x x

What is _____'s rela@onship to the head of household x x x x x

Family Nucleus x

In what month and year was ___born? x x x x

Was ____'s birth registered with LCR? x x

What is ____ age's as of his/her last birthday? x x x x x

Is______ male or female? x x x x x

Is____an overseas worker? (For persons below 10 years old)

x x x

What is ____'s marital status x x x x x

What is ____'s religious affilia@on x (L) x x x

Census ques'ons 1970 – 2010: Philippines



Census ques'ons 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Is ______a ci@zen of the Philippines x x (L) x

What country is ______a ci@zen of? x x (L) x x (L) x

Does _____have any physical or mental disability? x x x

What type of disability does ____have? x x

How does ____classify himself /herself ? Is she an Ibaloi, Kankanaey, Mangyan, Manobo, Chinese Ilocano or what?

x x

Can_____ read and write a simple message in any language or dialect?

x (L) x (L) x x (L) x (L)

Is _____able to speak Filipino/Tagalog x (L) x (L) x (L) x (L)

Is _____able to speak English x (L) x (L) x (L)

Can_____ speak Spanish ? x (L)



Census ques'ons 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Did ___aiend school at any@me from Jun 2009 to Mar 2010? x x (L) x (L) x (L) x (L)

In what city/municipality did _____aiend school? x (L) x (L) x (L) x (L)

What type of school? x (L)

What is the highest grade completed by ____? x x (L) x x x

What is the highest degree he obtained in college or univ? x

Does he possess any voca@onal or technical skill acquired through schooling, training or experience such as dressmaking, jeepney driving or carpentry?

x (L)

In what city and municipality did ___reside on May 1, 2005? x (L) x (L) x x x

When did _____move to this city/Municipality? x (L)

In what city and municipality did ___reside on May 1, 1990? x (L) x (L)

What was __usual ac@vity/occupa@on during the past 12 mos? x (L) x (L) x (L) x (L) x (L)

In what kind of business or industry did _____work during the last 12 months?

x (L) x (L) x (L) x (L) x (L)



Sex Composi'on: Concepts

Sex

a socially-‐constructed no@on of what is feminine and what is masculine

biological and does not change (well, except for human interven@on)

Gender vs.


Sex Composi'on: Uses

Inherently important; balance of sexes affects social and economic rela@onships within a community

Evalua@on of completeness and accuracy of census count


Sex Composi'on: Data quality Issues

Misrepor@ng is negligible in most countries

Beliefs may lead some parents to report their young boys as girls to avoid aien@on of evil spirits

Misrepor@ng to avoid military service


Sex Composi'on: Techniques of Analysis

Masculinity

Ra3o

Number of males per 100 females

Number of males per 100 popula@on

Sex ra3o

Excess of males as percent of total popula3on 101.6

Sex Ra@o Philippines 2000


Sex Ra'o at Birth

IN Year 2000

Philippines -‐ 101

India – 108

China – 107

China: (Jiangxi province 138)

Usually between 104 to 106 Affected by certain demographic factors such as:

age of mother, birth order of child, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status of parents culturally-‐based gender preference and policies


Sex Ra'o of Deaths

More variable than SR0

High: 125+; Intermediate: 105-‐124

Affected by age, race/ethnicity, marital status, occupa@on

Philippines, 2000:

Infant death sex ra>o:

142.5 Ages 80+:

76


Sex Ra'o of Migrants

Less uniform; – can be 198 or 81

Affected by “special features” of the area;

– e.g. military installa>on,

– industrial parks; – availability of jobs; – policies

“Feminiza@on” of migra@on


Age Composi'on: Concepts

biological characteris@c

constantly changes Usually defined in terms of the age at his last birthday

Reports are affected by cultural prac@ces e.g. Chinese assigns age 1 at birth and turns a year older during the Chinese New Year; uses animal year or emperor reference (Japan)

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Age


Age Composi'on: Concepts

Cohort

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a group of people sharing a common demographic experience who are observed through @me

Birth Cohort people born in the same year or period.

Could two persons born in the same year have different ages at a certain point in @me?

Training Course on Basic Demography Richville Hotel, Mandaluyong City 22

Source: http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/japan/year.htm, Retrieved 26 June 2009


How do you get informa'on about age?

Direct ques@on: – How old were you on your last birthday?

Indirect ques@on: – In what month and year were you born?

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Direct ques@on is simpler to process but less accurate; Asking indirect ques@on may be problema@c in illiterate socie@es. Some@mes, both ques@ons are used.



Age Composition: Importance

Age is the most important variable in the study of mortality, fer>lity, migra>on, nup>ality, and many other areas of demographic analysis.

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Age-‐ Stra3fica3on

theory

that age is a basis for social stra@fica@on; age-‐related social roles


Age Composi'on: Importance

Implica'ons to:

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Educa3on Social Policy and Protec@on,

among others

Childbearing

Health

Labor force and dependency


Dependency Ra'o

The ra@o of the popula@on in the dependent ages 0-‐14 and 65 and over to the popula@on in the working ages 15-‐64

DR: dependency ra@o


Young-‐Age Dependency ra'o

The ra@o of the popula@on in the young dependent ages 0-‐14 to the popula@on in the working ages 15-‐64

YDR: young-‐age dependency ra@o

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Old-‐Age Dependency Ra'o

The ra@o of the popula@on in the old dependent ages 0-‐14 to the popula@on in the working ages 15-‐64

ODR: old-‐age dependency ra@o


Dependency Ra'o in the Philippines


When combined in an analysis, age and sex can provide a quick way to describe a popula>on. The age-‐sex structure can also be used to evaluate the completeness and accuracy of census counts of the popula>on.

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Demographers are broken down by age and sex…


Age & Sex Structure: The Popula'on Pyramid

A graphical presenta@on of the age and sex distribu@on of a popula@on

A bar chart, arranged ver@cally, that shows the distribu@on of a popula@on by age and sex. By conven@on, the younger ages are at the boiom, with males on the leq and females on the right.

Popula@ons may be classified according to their age and sex structure (that is, the general shape of the popula@on pyramid).

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General Profiles of Age-‐Sex distribu'ons


Expansive

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Constric've


Near Sta'onary


What do you think is the shape of the Philippine Popula'on?


The Philippines has a very young popula'on. Why do we say so?

Percent to total popula@on


The Philippines will s@ll have a young popula@on in 2020

Percent to total popula@on


The “workers” comprise the largest popula'on


There is an increasing propor'on of elderly popula'on


The age (and sex) composition of a population is a product of the births, deaths, and migration rates that have operated over a period of three to four generations. It is a record of the effects of historical events that have influenced vital rates during the lifetime of living members of a population.

Hawley (in Hauser & Duncan), 1959: 364

Sou

rce:

Sie

gel a

nd S

wan

son

2004

: 165

Birth deficit due to WW I

Baby Boom

Fer@lity decline

Stable popula@on


Crea'ng a Popula'on Pyramid

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Data required:

1. Popula@on by single ages by sex or;

2. Popula@on by five year age groups by sex


A Popula'on Pyramid may also include other informa'on such as marital status

10000000 8000000 6000000 4000000 2000000 0 2000000 4000000 6000000 8000000 10000000

<20

25-29

35-39

45-49

55-59

65-69

75-79

Marital Status, Male and Female, Philippines, 2000

Female Single Female Married Female Live-in Female Separated Female Widowed


Time to do some exercises!

Thank You!

Documents

2- Population Composition