22ndnd Great Great Awakening & Awakening &

UtopiasUtopias

Utopian ClassroomUtopian Classroom WAKE UP:WAKE UP: Define UTOPIADefine UTOPIA UTOPIA:UTOPIA: A world in which everything A world in which everything

and everyone works in perfect harmony. and everyone works in perfect harmony. How could you make a “utopian How could you make a “utopian

classroom”?classroom”? What would be the goal of the class?What would be the goal of the class? What rules would need to be made?What rules would need to be made? What would the classroom look like?What would the classroom look like?

Is this possible?Is this possible?

Alexis de Tocqueville’s Alexis de Tocqueville’s viewview

““[There is] no country in the world [There is] no country in the world where the Christian religion where the Christian religion retains a greater influence over retains a greater influence over the souls of men than in America.”the souls of men than in America.”

2121stst Century Estimates: Most Christians by Country Century Estimates: Most Christians by Country

1.1. Mexico: 105 millionMexico: 105 million

2.2. Russia: 99 millionRussia: 99 million

3.3. Philippines: 90 millionPhilippines: 90 million

4.4. U.S.A.: 245 millionU.S.A.: 245 million

Growth of deismGrowth of deism

Deism - Reliance on reason and not on Deism - Reliance on reason and not on revelation - relied on science rather than revelation - relied on science rather than the Bible, yet believed in a Supreme the Bible, yet believed in a Supreme Being who created the universeBeing who created the universe

Many Founding Fathers, such as Many Founding Fathers, such as Jefferson and Franklin embraced liberal Jefferson and Franklin embraced liberal doctrines of Deism that Thomas Paine doctrines of Deism that Thomas Paine promotes in his promotes in his Age of Reason.Age of Reason.

Good and Evil WaysGood and Evil Ways

Second Great AwakeningSecond Great Awakening

Second Great AwakeningSecond Great Awakening Revivals stimulated church membership Revivals stimulated church membership

and a variety of humanitarian reformsand a variety of humanitarian reforms Evangelicalism was emphasizedEvangelicalism was emphasized Introduced new sects into American Introduced new sects into American

religionreligion People were encouraged to pray out loud People were encouraged to pray out loud

and to denounce alcohol and slaveryand to denounce alcohol and slavery Methodists and Baptists were formed, but Methodists and Baptists were formed, but

ultimately split over the slavery issueultimately split over the slavery issue

Timothy Dwight, Yale Timothy Dwight, Yale University PresidentUniversity President

Grandson of Grandson of Jonathan EdwardsJonathan Edwards

Believed that young Believed that young people were not people were not totally convinced in totally convinced in the power of Godthe power of God

““You are dead in You are dead in sin.”sin.”

Campus revival Campus revival movements beganmovements began

Lyman BeecherLyman Beecher

Told people to Told people to admit their sins admit their sins and surrender to and surrender to GodGod

Beecher and his Beecher and his wife had twelve wife had twelve children, including children, including Harriet BeecherHarriet Beecher

Catherine BeecherCatherine Beecher

Daughter of Lyman Daughter of Lyman BeecherBeecher

Opened a private Opened a private school for women school for women in Connecticutin Connecticut

Helped to create Helped to create colleges colleges throughout the throughout the midwestmidwest

Joseph SmithJoseph Smith Reported that he had Reported that he had

a conversation with an a conversation with an angel at age 14angel at age 14

Wanted to restore the Wanted to restore the true Churchtrue Church

Wrote the Book of Wrote the Book of Mormon describing Mormon describing this new religion in this new religion in 18301830

Killed in Carthage, Il Killed in Carthage, Il in 1844 in 1844

Mormon Trail to Utah, Mormon Trail to Utah, 18461846

Pieties Quilt c. 1848Pieties Quilt c. 1848

Most girls were Most girls were taught sewingtaught sewing

Girls were also Girls were also taught how to taught how to stitch lettersstitch letters

Some impacts of the Some impacts of the Second Great AwakeningSecond Great Awakening

New religions widened the lines New religions widened the lines between region and classbetween region and class

Episcopalians and Congregationalists Episcopalians and Congregationalists were generally among the wealthy were generally among the wealthy and more educatedand more educated

Education was stressed in all areasEducation was stressed in all areas Humanitarian reforms evolved from Humanitarian reforms evolved from

the Second Great Awakeningthe Second Great Awakening

Temperance CrusadeTemperance Crusade

Utopian SocietiesUtopian Societies

OwenismOwenism

Robert Owen (1771 – 1858)Robert Owen (1771 – 1858) Fair treatment of workersFair treatment of workers Rejection of religionRejection of religion Worker EducationWorker Education

Created New Lanark (Eng.)Created New Lanark (Eng.) Self sufficient factory townSelf sufficient factory town School, Store, Living SpaceSchool, Store, Living Space

New Harmony (IN)New Harmony (IN) Factory townFactory town

Fourierists Fourierists

Charles Fourier (1772 – 1837)Charles Fourier (1772 – 1837) CooperationCooperation Communistic IdealsCommunistic Ideals FeminismFeminism

La Reunion (TX)La Reunion (TX) North American Phalanx (NJ)North American Phalanx (NJ)

ShakersShakers Mother Anne LeeMother Anne Lee Rituals = trembling, dancing, singing, Rituals = trembling, dancing, singing,

speaking in tonguesspeaking in tongues Communal life Communal life Stressed simplicityStressed simplicity Strict believers in celibacyStrict believers in celibacy No procreation . . . adoptNo procreation . . . adopt Males and female segregatedMales and female segregated 6,000 converts6,000 converts

John Humphrey NoyesJohn Humphrey Noyes Utopian PreacherUtopian Preacher PerfectionismPerfectionism—possible to be free of —possible to be free of

sin in this lifetime.sin in this lifetime. Oneida N.Y. - 1848 started a Oneida N.Y. - 1848 started a

commune commune ““Complex marriage”Complex marriage” ““Male Continence" Male Continence" "Mutual Criticism""Mutual Criticism"

2012 and Millerites2012 and Millerites

What talk is there of Dec. 21What talk is there of Dec. 21stst, 2012?, 2012?

William MillerWilliam Miller 22ndnd coming of Christ coming of Christ Judgment DayJudgment Day Calculated it to be 1843Calculated it to be 1843 Never actually came…recalculated Never actually came…recalculated

Why?Why?

Why would these Utopians be Why would these Utopians be popping up in Europe and North popping up in Europe and North America at the turn of the 19America at the turn of the 19thth Century?Century?

Do we have any Utopian societies Do we have any Utopian societies today?today?