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MAP
U N E P
Coastal Area Management Programme
(CAMP) for Montenegro
CAMP Montenegro
Integrated Coastal Zone Management Strategy for Montenegro
Inception Report
In delivering ICZM as a way for ensuring sustainable use of coastal resources, economic prosperity
and social welfare of coastal populations, PAP/RAC focuses its efforts on providing technical
assistance, guidelines and methodologies for the practical implementation of ICZM in selected
Mediterranean coastal regions through the projects of the MAP Coastal Area Management
Programmes (CAMPs).
Since 1989, several cycles or generations of CAMP projects were implemented in (listed
chronologically, from the past to recent CAMPs): Albania, Croatia, Greece, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey,
Egypt, Israel, Algeria, Lebanon, Malta, Slovenia, Cyprus and Morocco delivering integrated
sustainable development solutions in partnership with national authorities and local communities.
Cultural heritage and protected areas have always been in the core of these projects.
Currently, CAMP Spain is to be completed soon, while CAMP Montenegro is in its full swing and
should be completed next year. Two new projects are being negotiated, namely CAMP France and
CAMP Italy.
All these projects can be considered as a new generation of CAMPs seen as ICZM Protocol
implementation projects at local level, i.e. as prototype interventions to assist countries to
implement the Protocol.
Note:
This Inception Report was prepared by Ms Jelena Knežević,
General Co-ordinator of the CAMP Montenegro project, with the
support of the Priority Actions Programme Regional Activity
Centre (PAP/RAC), namely, Ms Marina Marković, PAP/RAC CAMP
Montenegro Co-ordinator, Ms Branka Barić, PAP/RAC Assistant to
CAMP Montenegro Project and Mr Gojko Berlengi, PAP/RAC
Spatial Planning Team Leader of the CAMP Montenegro project.
Valuable contribution to the preparation of the Report was
provided by the MAP Regional Activity Centres (RACs) involved in
CAMP Montenegro, i.e. the Regional Activity Centre for Cleaner
Production (CP/RAC) and the Regional Activity Centre for Specially
Protected Areas (SPA/RAC), as well as the Programme for the
Assessment and Control of Marine Pollution in the Mediterranean
Region (MED POL).
i
Contents
1. Introduction ...........................................................................................................................................1
1.1 General framework ..........................................................................................................................1
1.2 The Project area ...............................................................................................................................2
1.3 Main problems in the CAMP area ...................................................................................................4
1.4 Project Agreement ...........................................................................................................................4
1.5 Related projects and initiatives .......................................................................................................5
2. Inception Report: General objectives and activities related to its preparation ....................................7
2.1 Objectives of the Inception Report .................................................................................................7
2.2 Implemented activities related to the Inception Report .................................................................7
3. Project objectives, strategy and phasing ............................................................................................ 10
3.1 Project objectives ......................................................................................................................... 10
3.2 Strategy ......................................................................................................................................... 10
3.3 Phasing of the Project ................................................................................................................... 11
4. Project structure ................................................................................................................................. 13
5. Institutional arrangements and staffing ............................................................................................. 27
5.1 Institutional arrangements ........................................................................................................... 27
5.2 Project staff .................................................................................................................................. 28
6. Expected results and outputs ............................................................................................................. 30
7. Methodologies and tools to be applied ............................................................................................. 31
7.1 General methodologies ................................................................................................................ 31
7.2 Specific methodologies and tools (related to individual Project activities) ................................. 31
8. Linkages .............................................................................................................................................. 33
9. Work Plan and Timetable ................................................................................................................... 35
10. Monitoring, evaluation and reporting ................................................................................................ 40
11. Logical framework analysis ................................................................................................................. 41
12. Annexes .............................................................................................................................................. 46
ii
1
1. Introduction
1.1
General framework
The Coastal Area Management Programme
(CAMP) projects supported by the
Mediterranean Action Plan (MAP) promote
Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) as a tool to
ensure that a variety of human activities in the
coastal areas are co-ordinated and managed for
the achievement of sustainability goals. The
main objectives of CAMPs are:
� to develop strategies and procedures for
sustainable development in a project area,
with a view to implementing specifically the
ICZM Protocol;
� to identify and apply relevant methodologies
and tools;
� to contribute to the capacity building at local,
national and regional levels;
� to secure a wider use of the results achieved
in the region.
The Coastal Area Management Programme
(CAMP) project for Montenegro is implemented
jointly by MAP and the Montenegrin Ministry of
Sustainable Development and Tourism (MSDT),
with the involvement of local self-governments
from the project area and of other relevant
institutions. Initial steps in developing the CAMP
Montenegro were taken in 2005, when the
Contracting Parties to the Barcelona Convention
approved the decision to carry out the CAMP
Project for Montenegro at their 14th Ordinary
Meeting (held on 8 – 11 November 2005 in
Portoroz, Slovenia), following a request
presented by the Government of Montenegro.
The decision to start with the initiation of the
CAMP Montenegro was adopted at the meeting
in Split, on 18 – 19 December 2006. The
Feasibility Study (FS) was prepared in the period
December 2007 – May 2008.
A series of consultative meetings were held
within the FS preparation process with all the
coastal area stakeholders, soliciting their
opinions, analysing issues and challenges for
sustainable development of the coastal area and
identifying activities and project area for the
CAMP. Based on the findings of the FS and
subsequent developments, as well as on the
discussions with the then Ministry of Spatial
Planning and Environment (a predecessor of
MSDT) and other relevant national institutions
from February 2010, a draft CAMP Project
Agreement was prepared. The draft Project
Agreement was adjusted in spring 2011 to take
into account a number of initiatives and pre-
CAMP activities that were implemented in the
period 2010 – 2011, which led to signing of the
Agreement on 30 May 2011.
The main objectives of the CAMP Montenegro
are formulated in line with general objectives of
all CAMP projects and they include:
� creation of necessary mechanisms that can
help achieve sustainable development of the
coastal area;
� support for the implementation of national
policies and the ICZM Protocol of the
Barcelona Convention;
� promotion of integrated and participatory
planning and management in the coastal
area;
� development of national and local capacities
for ICZM and raising awareness of the
importance of the coastal area, complexity
and fragility of its ecosystems and of the need
for integrated approaches in managing them;
� facilitation of the transfer of knowledge on
ICZM tools and approaches.
2
The coastal area of Montenegro is an area with a
high development potential where there are
complex relations between human activities and
natural environments and pronounced pressures
on natural resources. In order to preserve the
development potential, primarily through
preservation of resource base of the area and
qualities of the natural and manmade
environments, it is necessary to provide for an
integrated approach in planning and in managing
the coastal area.
The concept of Integrated Coastal Zone
Management (ICZM) is embedded in a number
of policies and strategic documents in
Montenegro. The country is committed to
sustainable development, and has adopted the
National Strategy for Sustainable Development.
Montenegro has ratified the Barcelona
Convention and five of its Protocols, with the
ICZM Protocol ratification taking place in
December 2011.
The main strategic orientation of the country is
the accession to the EU1, and there is an on-
going process of harmonisation of national
legislation with the EU acquis. The integrated
management concepts and tools are thus being
increasingly incorporated into the national legal
framework.
In parallel, there are on-going efforts to increase
capacities of institutions to implement new
legislation and sustainable development policies.
The existing institutional framework, even
though with pronounced weaknesses in respect
to co-ordination and overall capacities, has
substantial strengths and potentials for ICZM. An
interest for the CAMP implementation was
expressed both at the national and local level.
With the above in mind, the main arguments in
favour of the CAMP Montenegro are:
1 Status of a Candidate Country was received in
November 2010; the accession negotiations started in June 2012.
� there is a high level of commitment to
sustainable development of the coastal area;
� policy framework is favourable for the
implementation of the CAMP Montenegro,
and the same increasingly applies to the legal
framework;
� the existing institutions can provide necessary
structures for the CAMP implementation, and
there is an interest for the Programme both
at the national and local level;
� the CAMP can play an important role in
creating conditions for the integrated and
effective management of the coastal area of
Montenegro.
1.2
The Project area
The CAMP Montenegro will be implemented in
the entire coastal area of Montenegro as
systemic problems which need to be addressed
to ensure sustainable coastal development are
the same in the entire Montenegrin coastal zone
The CAMP Montenegro will also facilitate the
implementation of the ICZM Protocol of the
Barcelona Convention (ratified in December 2011).
The project area comprises territories of six
coastal municipalities – Herceg Novi, Kotor,
Tivat, Budva, Bar and Ulcinj – with the total
surface of 1,591 km2 and internal waters and
territorial sea with the surface of around
2,500 km2. Some of the typical natural features
of the coastal area include a diversified
geological composition and complex geo-
tectonic structure, plain coastal areas/ fields and
beaches, steep elevations of Orjen, Lovcen and
Rumija mountains, short watercourses and the
exquisite Bay of Boka with several smaller bays.
According to the relevant spatial plans, the total
length of the mainland seashore is 288.2 km (out
of which 105.5 km in the Bay of Boka). The
islands’ shores are 25.6 km long, while the
length of the shore along the river Bojana is
22.8 km. The project area is shown in the Figure
1.1.
3
Figure 1.1: CAMP project area
The coastal area is the most developed and
densely populated part of Montenegro. It is well
known for its natural attractions and cultural
heritage. As such, the region has been of
particular interest for the development of
tourism. The region is also considered an
attractive area for living, which has caused
continuous migrations (within Montenegro)
towards the coast. According to the 2011 census,
population of the region was 148,683 (close to
one quarter of the total population of the
country), which makes a population density of
93 inhabitants per km². Population projections
by the year 2020 envisage an increase of roughly
7% (which would bring the total population of
the region to around 160,000). The GDP per
capita is on the similar level as in the central
region and twice as much as the GDP per capita
in the northern region2. Development and urban
capacities are mainly linearly located along the
coast line. Investment pressure is high and it
contributes to uncontrolled development.
Tourism is one of the priority economic sectors
in Montenegro, whereas more than 95% of the
total number of tourists and overnight stays
recorded in the country during the last years
were linked to the coastal region. Other
important economic activities include
construction, transport and trade. Agriculture is
not a significant activity in the coastal area yet it
2 In 2010, the GDP per capita at the national level
was 5,006 € (current prices).
4
plays an important role as an activity that
supplements household incomes and
contributes to tourism development and
preservation of traditional Mediterranean
agricultural practices. Fishing is not highly
developed; nevertheless, there are examples of
unsustainable use of fish stocks. Environmental
infrastructure is insufficient to meet the
development needs and provide for adequate
environmental protection.
The coastal area of Montenegro is an important
biodiversity spot (in terms of habitat and species
diversity) and home to several rare and endemic
species. Important coastal and marine
communities and habitats include sand dunes,
coastal and inland wetlands, and sea grass
meadows (Posidonia oceanica, Cymodocea
nodosa). Halophyte vegetation, fragments of
Skadar Oak (Quercus robur scutariensis) forests,
some migratory bird species and Posidonia
oceanica are among rare and/or endangered
species of the coastal and marine biodiversity.
1.3
Main problems in the CAMP area
The following issues can be singled out as the
main problems in the CAMP area:
� Institutional and legal frameworks are
complex, competencies are not always clearly
delineated while horizontal and vertical co-
ordination between different parts of
administration is insufficient; there is a room
for improvement when it comes to
participation of different stakeholders in
policy making.
� Integrated or ecosystem-based approaches
are not at the core of the planning system
(including the spatial planning); sectoral
approaches are still prevalent, which
exacerbates conflicts between environment
and development.
� Capacity for the application of ICZM tools and
mechanisms is limited; awareness and
specific knowledge needed to ensure
sustainable development are insufficient,
while information on environmental aspects
of coastal processes is often incomplete or
lacking altogether.
� There are strong pressures on coastal
environment, primarily from urbanization
and tourism development.
� Harmonisation of national and local level
spatial plans, as well as integration of ICZM
Protocol requirements into the spatial plans
is a challenge.
� Valuable marine and terrestrial ecosystems
and cultural heritage at the coast are in
various ways threatened by the current and
planned development.
� Pollution from land-based sources (including
waste, wastewater and industry) as well as
from maritime activities needs to be more
efficiently prevented/controlled.
In response to the above, activities will be
implemented through the CAMP Montenegro
aiming to develop, apply and demonstrate
methods, concepts and tools to address existing
and future management problems in the coastal
area.
1.4
Project Agreement
Following the preparation of the draft Project
Agreement in spring 2010, as well as a result of
meetings that took place on 25 – 26 June 2010
(with representatives of the then Ministry of
Spatial Planning and Environment) and on 10
February 2011 (with representatives of MSDT), a
number of pre-CAMP activities was agreed upon
and implemented. These included the
preparation of an analysis for the
implementation of Article 8 of the ICZM Protocol
on the Protection and sustainable use of the
coastal zone in the spatial planning system of
Montenegro and the preparation of expert
guidelines for the Terms of Reference for the
5
Montenegrin Coastal Area Spatial Plan (CASP)3.
These activities, as well as changes in terms of
institutional and legislative framework for
implementing the national environmental and
spatial planning policy, have resulted with the
redefinition of the originally planned CAMP
activities and preparation of a revised Project
Agreement which was signed in May 2011.
The Project Agreement provides the basic
framework for the project implementation as it
defines project goals, structure, contents and
implementation arrangements for the activities
to be carried out within the CAMP Project for
Montenegro. The Project Agreement also
defines the basic elements of individual project
activities, achievement indicators and post-
project activities to be implemented.
1.5
Related projects and initiatives
During the preparation of the CAMP
Montenegro, two projects that are closely
related to its rationale and objectives have been
initiated and are now under implementation.
These are the transboundary (Albania and
Montenegro) project on integrated management
of the Buna/Bojana basin, coastal area and
aquifers (implemented under the UNEP/MAP
GEF Strategic Partnership for the Mediterranean
Large Marine Ecosystem) and the preparation of
the National Strategy for Integrated Coastal
Zone Management (NS ICZM).
MAP (PAP/RAC) is assisting the country with the
development of the NS ICZM. The Strategy will
follow the requirements of the ICZM Protocol
(Art. 18 on National coastal strategies, plans and
programmes) and is also expected to contribute
to the implementation of the requirements of
the EU Water Framework Directive and Marine
3 Preparation of the new spatial plan to cover the
territory of the six coastal municipalities (the entire CAMP project area) has been initiated in 2011, and is expected to be completed by December 2013.
Strategy Framework Directive. In developing the
Strategy, the results of previous activities will be
utilised, including the draft ICZM Strategy of
2008.
The CAMP structure and implementation
arrangements, exchange of information and
integration of results that are detailed in this
Inception Report will also ensure a co-ordination
with the transboundary project on integrated
management of the Buna/Bojana basin, coastal
area and aquifers. On the other hand, the
priorities, objectives and goals of the
transboundary Bojana/Buna project are also
defined as to contribute to CAMP activities,
including the selection of the fields for actions
and composition of the expert team, as well as
the GIS data base establishment. While making
the selection of the expert team members,
special attention was paid to the synergy of the
activities under the CAMP Montenegro, the
transboundary Bojana/Buna project and the NS
ICZM, and to aligning the dynamics for three
projects and related consultative processes. The
results of the Buna/Bojana Transboundary
Integrated Management Plan that is under way
will be successively screened and used for the
CAMP baseline studies creation.
Furthermore, a number of other activities and
projects the outcomes of which are highly
relevant for the implementation of the CAMP
Montenegro are under way. The most important
ones are:
� Implementation of the ADRICOSM
Intermediate Project (a follow-up to the
previous ADRICOSM STAR project);
� A project entitled Establishment of the MPA
Katič and the on-going MPA 2 project
supported by the Italian Ministry for
Environment, Land and Sea;
� The on-going project related to the revision
and redefinition of the selected coastal
protected areas (beaches) that is managed by
the Institute for Nature Protection of
Montenegro under the supervision of the
6
Public Enterprise for Coastal Zone
Management;
� The on-going MedMPAnet project that is
implemented by SPA/RAC with the aim to
help the development of a network of Marine
and Coastal Protected Areas (MPAs) in
Montenegro (also implemented under the
UNEP/MAP GEF Strategic Partnership for the
Mediterranean Large Marine Ecosystem);
� GRECO Initiative.
7
2. Inception Report:
General objectives and activities related to its preparation
2.1
Objectives of the Inception Report
The Inception Report is the initial basic
document of the CAMP Montenegro project. The
purpose of the Report is to secure integration
and provide detailed instructions for the
implementation of the project, both at the
project level and at the level of each individual
project activity.
The Inception Report details the project
objectives, strategy and phasing, and describes
the project structure, institutional arrangements
and staffing. It also specifies expected results
and outcomes of the project, as well as
methodologies and tools to be applied, the work
plan and timetable for each activity, alongside
with the monitoring procedures. A Logical
Framework Analysis is used to describe the
project activities. The Inception Report also
entails ToRs for specific horizontal and individual
activities. Organisation of an Inception
Conference and preparation of a Conference
Report are also envisaged.
2.2
Implemented activities related to
the Inception Report
The complex and participatory extensive
consultative process preceded the preparation
of the Inception Report. It resulted with the
definition of the specifications for the CAMP
components, CAMP relations with the NS ICZM
and the transboundary Bojana/Buna project, as
well as with the inputs for structuring the expert
team to be recruited for the CAMP components
realisation. At the same time, a number of
meetings to discuss and agree on the CAMP
structure, its phasing and contents of its outputs
to be delivered have been organised.
The most important consultation meetings,
directly and indirectly linked to the Inception
Report development, are as follows:
� Consultation on the implementation
structure for CAMP Montenegro including the
decision on establishment of the partnership
with the UNDP Montenegro in that regard (a
few consultative meetings in the period from
the end of May to the end of July 2011).
� Consultation and decision to lead the CAMP
Montenegro in parallel with the congruent
project and process: the development of the
National Strategy for Integrated Coastal Zone
Management (NS ICZM) and the
development of the Integrated
Transboundary Management Plan for Bojana/
Buna, both supported by GEF through the
components of the Large Marine Ecosystem
Partnership for the Mediterranean region (10
and 12 July 2011 in Podgorica, Montenegro).
� A preliminary consultation with PAP/RAC on
the structure of the expert team, i.e. national
and international experts to be recruited for
the implementation of the CAMP
Montenegro, on the redefinition of the
budgetary allocations in accordance with the
activities defined in Annex I to the Agreement
relative to the CAMP Montenegro, as well as
on the linking of the CAMP Montenegro with
the NS ICZM and the Bojana/Buna Project
(held on 6 – 8 March 2011, Split, Croatia).
� The preliminary consultation with the GWP
representatives related to the
synchronisation of the planning process of
the CAMP Montenegro and the NS ICZM
realisation with participation of the
8
representatives of the Albanian side and the
main external consultant for the
transboundary Bojana/Buna project (12
September 2011, Bar, Montenegro).
� The preliminary national consultations
towards the selection of the National Team
Leader for the process of the NS ICZM and
the Bojana/Buna project (24 August 2011,
held in Budva, Montenegro).
� Meetings of the relevant stakeholders that
resulted with the agreement on the contents
of the ToR for the recruitment of a National
Team Leader for the process of the NS ICZM
development and realisation of the
transboundary Bojana /Buna project and the
selection of a National Team Leader for both
(29 September 2011, in Podgorica,
Montenegro).
� The consultation and work with the United
Nations Development Programme (UNDP) on
defining the Agreement between the UNDP
and the Government of Montenegro on the
realisation of the CAMP Montenegro and the
related Project Document (on a continual
basis from June 2011, the on-going activity).
� The consultation process to enable a full
integration of the CAMP Montenegro
outcomes into the new Spatial Plan for the
Coastal Area of Montenegro (the period from
February until October 2011).
� The consultations that resulted with the
definition of the composition of teams of
experts to be recruited under the CAMP
Montenegro umbrella, the transboundary
Bojana/Buna project and the NS ICZM, aiming
to provide for the rational use of the financial
means that are available from 3 different
financing sources (27 and 29 September,
Podgorica, Montenegro, and 18 – 19 October
2011, Dubrovnik, Croatia).
� Finalisation of the consultation on the
partnership with the UNDP Montenegro as to
establish the administrative support to
complete the implementation structure for
the CAMP Montenegro followed with an
agreement on and a signature of the Project
Document as an Annex to the Agreement
between the UNDP and the MSDT on CAMP
realisation (November to December 2011).
� The procedure aimed to the establishment of
the Steering and Advisory Committees for the
CAMP has been initiated (November to
December 2011).
� The First Meeting on the Suitability
Assessment as an element of the CAMP and
the National Strategy on ICZM was organised
on 21 – 22 December 2011.
� Following the finalisation of the Tender
Procedure for the CASP Montenegro and the
selection of the Republic Institute for Urban
Planning and Design as the CASP developer,
the consultation with the aim to provide
harmonisation of the CAMP activities with
the CASP programme of work has been
carried out (December 2011).
� Participation at the GIZ Meeting that was
organised on 22nd of November in Zagreb
with the aim to exchange the experience with
the ICZM policy in Montenegro with the
relevant stakeholders from the Croatian state
administration.
� The first Stakeholder Meeting of the Expert
Team of the transboundary Bojana/Buna
project was organised with the aim to
monitor the progress achieved in preparing
the expert inputs, to enable the consultation
of experts from the two countries in thematic
areas of action in order to secure the
integration of the expert work following a
unique methodology and with the same
directions, to agree on GIS creation, as well as
to enable consultations between the expert
team members of two countries with the
external expert and PAP/RAC and GWP
project leaders in order define next steps and
a dynamic of work (1 – 2 February 2012).
� The Consultation on the organisation of an
Inception Conference on CAMP Montenegro
with the PAP/RAC Project Co-ordinator (2
February 2012).
� Consultations with directors and
representatives of PAP/RAC, CP/RAC,
9
MEDPOL and SPA/RAC on their participation
in the CAMP Montenegro following the
specification of ToRs for individual and
horizontal activities (during the 17th COP
Meeting of the Barcelona Convention, 8 – 10
February 2012).
� Consultation of the CAMP National Co-
ordinator with the Team Leader for Suitability
Assessment (1 March 2012) in order to
finalise the related ToR and its spatial
planning component.
� Consultations with the UNDP Montenegro
aimed at defining the appointment procedure
for project assistants, the methodology for
the selection of the expert team members,
providing support in organisation of the
Inception Conference (during February 2012).
� Consultation with the Sector for Spatial
Planning of the MSDT in order to define the
exchange of documents and information
between the two projects on CAMP and CASP
development , as well as to harmonise
methodologies and the dynamics of their
preparation (February 2011).
� A number of regular consultative meetings
between the CAMP National Co-ordinator
and the PAP/RAC Project Co-ordinator aimed
at development of specific ToRs for the CAMP
activities.
10
3. Project objectives, strategy and phasing
3.1
Project objectives
The objectives of the CAMP Montenegro are
defined in accordance with the national
legislation, plans and programmes, identified
issues in managing the coastal zone, proposals
and needs of national and local institutions
responsible for the coastal zone management, as
well as in line with the general objectives of the
MAP.
The overall objective of the project is to support,
facilitate and propagate the efforts towards the
integrated management in the project area to
provide for environmental protection and
sustainable development.
Specific objectives of the project are:
� to create necessary mechanisms that can
help achieve sustainable development of the
coastal area;
� to support implementation of national
policies and the ICZM Protocol;
� to promote the integrated and participatory
planning and management in the coastal
area;
� to build the national and local capacities for
ICZM and raise awareness of the importance
of the coastal area, complexity and fragility of
its ecosystems and of the need for integrated
approaches in managing them; and
� to facilitate the transfer of knowledge on
ICZM tools and approaches.
3.2
Strategy
The project strategy is based on the
methodology of ICZM. The project will be
implemented within the existing national and
local legal and planning framework while having
in mind the European standards and practice,
using as the basic inputs the existing planning
and development-related documents, available
information on natural resources, socio-
economic conditions, problems, causes, sources
and impacts of pollution. The project will also
include the efforts to collate, analyse and
interpret the existing data to aid spatial planning
processes and sustainable land-use decisions.
The CAMP Montenegro belongs to a new
generation of CAMP programmes that are
created to strengthen national capacities
towards implementation of the ICZM Protocol.
At the same time, the CAMP Montenegro is
based on the need to create synergy in
implementing the ICZM and other MAP strategic
priorities and orientations, in particular those
defined in the SAP BIO and SAP MED. The
ecosystem approach and the EU Marine Strategy
goals are also among the most important
priorities to be taken into account.
In this framework, special attention during the
CAMP Montenegro implementation will be
placed on:
� development of tools and capacities for
integrated planning of the coastal area;
� linkages between spatial planning and coastal
zone management;
� protection of marine and coastal biodiversity;
� sustainable tourism development, including
ecotourism.
The CAMP Montenegro project will be
implemented by teams of national experts
assisted by MAP experts and international
consultants. Integration of project results will be
made jointly by MAP and the selected national
experts.
11
The MAP Regional Activity Centres (RACs) and
the MAP programmes that will, in the respective
areas of their expertise, provide technical
assistance to the project include:
� Co-ordinating Unit for MAP (MEDU);
� Priority Actions Programme Regional Activity
Centre (PAP/RAC);
� Specially Protected Areas Regional Activity
Centre (SPA/RAC);
� Information Regional Activity Centre
(INFO/RAC)4;
� Cleaner Production Regional Activity Centre
(CP/RAC); and
� MEDPOL.
In addition, national teams implementing
individual Project activities will use, as
appropriate, recommendations and
documentation prepared within hitherto MCSD
and EU activities. Administrative and technical
support related to the use of MCSD and EU
documents will be provided by the responsible
MAP component and the Montenegrin MSDT.
3.3
Phasing of the Project
Phasing of the project will follow the approach
incorporated in the ICZM methodology:
Stage I – Initiation:
� Preparatory activities (diagnostic analysis,
definition of the project).
Stage II – Formulation:
� Signing of the Agreement;
� Initial data collection;
� Meeting the prerequisites for the project
implementation;
� Draft Technical Specifications;
� Draft Inception Report;
� Inception Workshop/Final Inception Report;
� Progress reporting.
4 Its participation is pending, based on resolving of its
legal status.
Stage III – Implementation:
� Initial implementation activities, including the
preparation of the final version of the
Technical Specifications for individual
activities;
� Implementation of individual activities;
� Integration of the results, including the
preparation of the Final Project Report;
� Presentation of the results.
Stage IV – Post Project activities:
� Formulation and implementation of the
follow-up activities;
� Monitoring and reporting;
� Presentation and use of the results at the
MAP level.
12
Figure 1.2: Phasing of CAMP projects
13
4. Project structure
The CAMP Montenegro is designed to
encompass two major components with a set of
activities and sub-activities. The main
components are:
A. Horizontal activities;
B. Individual activities.
The breakdown of all activities, as presented in
the CAMP Agreement, is provided in Box 4.1.
A. Horizontal activities
1. Project co-ordination, integration and dissemination of results
2. Training / capacity building
3. Awareness raising
B. Individual activities
1. Support for the Coastal Area Spatial Plan (CASP) of Montenegro and the ICZM framework setup
1.1 Analysis of implications of the ICZM Protocol for spatial planning
1.2 ICZM/CASP baseline studies enabling the integration of the ICZM principles
2. ICZM Plan
2.1 ICZM institutional-legislative framework setup
2.2 Harmonisation of CASP with the ICZM Plan
Box 1.1: CAMP Montenegro structure (as presented in the CAMP Agreement)
In order to provide a more elaborated
distribution of CAMP activities, these are broken
down in the following manner:
A. Horizontal activities
1. Project co-ordination, integration and dissemination of results
2. Training / capacity building 3. Public participation and awareness raising
B Individual activities
1. Support for the ICZM Strategy/Plan and the Coastal Area Spatial Plan (CASP) of Montenegro: 1.1 Analysis of implications of the ICZM
Protocol for spatial planning; 1.2 Preparation of sectoral baseline studies of
selected coastal subsystems;
1.3 Coastal vulnerability, attractiveness and suitability assessment;
1.4 Inputs for the coastal carrying capacity, especially regarding the capacities in the sector of tourism development;
1.5 Recommendations to strengthen the beach management system in Montenegro;
1.6 Contribution to the coastal GIS database with indicators as a core future coastal monitoring observatory.
2. ICZM framework setup: 2.1 Proposal of the ICZM institutional-
legislative framework setup in the coastal zone of Montenegro;
2.2 Recommendations for the selected ICZM measures, including the coastal setback elaboration with rules of its implementation/adaptation;
14
2.3 Facilitating the implementation of the ICZM Protocol principles in the final CASP and SEA formulation.
3. Realisation of the pilot project on testing the ecosystem approach (ECAP) application in Boka Kotorska Bay by making the special reference to nutrient inputs from diffuse sources, ecosystem valuation and green entrepreneurship.
A detailed description of activities is provided
below.
A 1.
Project co-ordination, integration and
dissemination of results
Project co-ordination, integration and
dissemination of results are an integral part of all
CAMP projects. The overall goal of this activity is
to secure a harmonised, timely and cost-
effective implementation of the project in
accordance with the Project Agreement.
The main objectives are:
� to formulate and to implement the project;
� to harmonise project activities;
� to guide and assist the National Team
Leaders;
� to provide for a co-ordination with related
projects and activities;
� to integrate all project activities.
Actions to be implemented include:
� establishment of the institutional structure,
Project Steering Committee and the Advisory
Board;
� preparation of the Inception Report;
assistance to, and supervision of the
preparation of Technical Specifications,
preparation of TORs for consultants;
� organisation of the Inception Conference, as
an initial training for the Team Leaders and
national representatives involved in the
project;
� actions related to meeting the prerequisites
for the implementation, evaluation and
reporting;
� provision of logistical assistance, financial
procedures, supervision and verification of
expenditures incurred;
� securing flows of information and feedback
related to data collected and other results of
individual activities;
� harmonisation of activities;
� proposing a revision of objectives, timetable,
and the programme, if needed;
� revision of drafts and clearance of the final
outputs of individual activities;
� preparation of the final project documents;
� presentation of project results;
� proposal of the follow-up activities;
� reporting on the progress, and preparing the
Project Terminal Report and Self-Evaluation
Facts Sheet.
Expected outputs from this activity are:
� general co-ordination, the established project
structure and institutional arrangements;
� co-ordinating missions reports;
� Report of the Inception Conference;
� Progress Reports;
� Final Integrated Project Document, Follow-up
proposals;
� Report of the Presentation Conference,
Conference Documents;
� Project Terminal Report and Self-Evaluation
Facts Sheet.
A 2.
Training – capacity building
The goal of this activity is to strengthen
capacities of the local and national
administrations, The planning, natural resources
management, tourism development and
monitoring institutions as well as of the private
sector (industry, SMEs) for integrated planning,
cleaner production and coastal zone monitoring.
The related technical specification for the
training - capacity building component is
attached in Annex I.
15
The specific objectives are to:
� provide for a transfer of knowledge on the
use of different ICZM-related instruments,
tools and approaches for sustainable
development;
� organise appropriate trainings and produce
training materials.
Actions to be implemented:
� organisation of a series of trainings within the
three main modules:
� Module 1: Integrated Coastal Zone
Management concepts and tools
(comprising two major trainings on i)
general ICZM principles and the ICZM
Protocol, and ii) on Carrying Capacity
Assessment (CCA) or other specific tools
that are found relevant and appropriate;
� Module 2: Cleaner production (cleaner
production mechanisms, available tools
for industries, SMEs, services businesses
to reduce pollution and use resources
more efficiently, ecotourism resources
included; presentation of the Green
Entrepreneurship opportunities);
� Module 3: Information on ecosystem
approach (ECAP), monitoring and
indicators and the ECAP integration into
the ICZM (MEDPOL methodology, ICZM
Protocol and EEA requirements on coastal
zone indicators);
� preparation of training materials;
� provision of recommendations for further
training - capacity development needs will be
prepared (including the topics and forms of
training).
Expected outputs from this activity are:
� reports from the training courses;
� training materials and recommendations on
future individual capacity development
needs.
A 3.
Public participation and awareness raising
The general goal of this activity is to allow for
participation and involvement of the public in all
the project activities, to disseminate information
on coastal area values and vulnerabilities and to
promote sustainable development approaches
among the general public. Since the public
participation process is created to ensure that all
relevant stakeholders are involved in
formulation of project activities, setting of
vision, goals, objectives, indicators and definition
of expected results, as well as to provide for
their participation in the verification of the main
outcomes, the public participation process will
be extended through a number of main
workshops, depending on the availability of the
financial resources. The methodology to present
and to collect the relevant guidelines and
recommendations from a broad spectrum of
stakeholders, and to provide expert evaluation
of stakeholder contribution, will be developed
following the best public participation
experience and positive examples. The related
technical specification for the public
participation and awareness raising component
is attached in Annex I.
The key objectives are to:
� ensure that all the stakeholders are involved
in the formulation of project activities, setting
of goals, vision, objectives, indicators and in
the definition of expected results, as well as
in the verification of individual outputs.
� raise awareness of the importance of
sustainable management in the coastal area;
� emphasise values and fragility of coastal
ecosystems and natural resources; and
� promote the ICZM Protocol and respective
Barcelona Convention Protocols, and
decrease resistance to some ICZM
instruments that could be perceived as an
obstacle to development.
16
Actions to be implemented:
� defining the public participation methodology
to present and to collect the relevant
guidelines and recommendations from a
broad spectrum of stakeholders, and to
provide expert evaluation of stakeholder
contribution, based on the best public
participation experience and positive examples;
� organising the public participation process
having as the core set of action a number of
main workshops that are tailor-made around
the main phases of the individual activities:
presentation / consideration of the draft
sectoral (baseline) outputs; presentation /
consideration of the vulnerability assessment
result; discussing the vision, objectives,
indicators and development scenarios;
discussing the possible measures for the
ICZM Plan implementation and follow-up
activities;
� designing and executing an awareness-raising
campaign, mainly through the organisation of
the Coast Day event in Montenegro with the
involvement of media and possibly NGOs,
preparation of awareness-raising materials,
etc. The campaign will focus on the
implementation of the ICZM Protocol and will
address the general population, with a special
subset of activities for youth. The project
awareness-raising activities will be in line with
the on-going initiatives in the Mediterranean;
� setting up of the CAMP Montenegro website.
Expected outputs from this activity are:
� workshop reports;
� public participation reports, including the
stakeholder analysis;
� media reports, advertisements, information
on the coastal area, promotional materials
and publications (such as a leaflet or a
brochure);
� reports on the promotional activities and
events possibly organised and led by NGOs to
promote ICZM and coastal area values;
� the CAMP Montenegro website (in
Montenegrin and English).
B 1.
Support for the ICZM Strategy/Plan and the
Coastal Area Spatial Plan (CASP) of Montenegro
B 1.1.
Analysis of implications of the ICZM Protocol for
spatial planning
The purpose of this activity was to support the
MSDT in the process that has led to the ICZM
Protocol ratification. Its outputs will further
contribute to the development of the Integrated
Coastal Zone Management Plan and the National
Strategy for the Integrated Coastal Zone
Management, as it is presented in component
B.2. of this Report, and provide recommendation
for the CASP development.
As for the actions that would be implemented in
the scope of this activity, it is important to note
that these were actually completed in the pre-
CAMP period, as a result of the requests of the
MSDT (and its predecessor – the Ministry of
Spatial Planning and Environment). The actions
that were implemented in the period prior to the
preparation of the Inception Report were:
� preparing supporting (background)
documents for the ratification of the ICZM
Protocol;
� assessing implications of the ICZM Protocol
requirements for the existing spatial planning
documents (in particular with regard to the
definition of the set-back zone as required by
Article 8 of the ICZM Protocol).
Expected outputs from this activity are:
� an analysis of implementation of the ICZM
Protocol for spatial planning systems,
including the recommendations for the
spatial planning system with regard to the
implementation of the ICZM Protocol
requirements;
� the guidelines for the CASP Terms of Reference;
� the proposal for the institutional-legislative
framework setup for integrated coastal zone
management of Montenegro in the scope of
the ICZM development.
17
The first two outputs were delivered in the
course of the pre-CAMP activities. The proposal
for the institutional-legislative framework for the
ICZM is yet to be elaborated (related objectives
and outputs described under point B.2.1).
B 1.2.
Preparation of sectoral baseline studies of selected
coastal subsystems
The goal of this activity is to support
development of the CASP by providing the
selected baseline studies, as a contribution to
the integrated assessment of the key coastal
issues and trends as well as potentials and
constraints.
The key objective is to enable the assessment of
selected coastal subsystems (including
hydrological, geomorphological, hydrogeological,
climatic and ecological) and socio-economic
elements in a manner that best suits the needs
of the spatial planning and SEA process. These
assessments will be used for the preparation of
the vulnerability / suitability assessment, as a
part of the ICZM Plan and the National Strategy
on ICZM. In addition, these assessments will
contribute to the harmonisation of the CASP
with the ICZM Plan based on integrations of the
ICZM principles into the CASP.
All the studies (assessments) need to be
prepared in such a manner to give an overview
of the current state, to identify the key problems
with current trends and a preliminary
assessment of causes of these problems, to
propose possible measures tackling these
problems as well as indicators for monitoring the
progress in implementation of these measures (a
DPSIR analytical framework may be used). All the
assessments need to have appropriate
cartographical presentations, integrated into a
single GIS data base.
It is important to note that the above-presented
list of baseline studies represents only a part of
the baseline studies necessary for the
preparation of the CASP. Any additional study, if
necessary, would be undertaken by the CASP
planning team, as part of the CASP preparation.
Actions to be implemented:
� identifying the existing sources of
information (including available maps, aerial
photographs), data gaps and the ways to
overcome them;
� analysing the status of biodiversity and
nature in the coastal zone including the
assessment of the sensitive marine and
coastal habitats as to provide the
recommendation for revising the protected
areas status and improvement of the system
for nature protection in the coastal
zone(linked to contributions by the
MedMPAnet project implemented by
SPA/RAC;
� analysing the status of hydrology,
hydrogeology and water quality in the coastal
zone, including the watersheds and its
impacts on the coastline;
� identifying the natural risks and its impacts
on the coastal zone;
� analysing the main socio-economic trends as
to identify development potentials and
pressures to the coastal zone;
� contributing to the preparation of
vulnerability assessment;
� contribute to GIS database.
Outputs of this activity include:
� Biodiversity and nature protection study;
� Hydrology, hydrogeology and water quality
study;
� Risk study;
� Targeted socio-economic analyses;
� Criteria for the development of a vulnerability
model;
� Cartographic presentations of the analysis
outcome and contribution to GIS database as
the analysis outcome.
Technical specifications for the above mentioned
studies are presented in Annexes II and III.
18
B.1.3
Coastal vulnerability, attractiveness and suitability
assessment
Based on the baseline studies inputs, the coastal
vulnerability and suitability assessments will be
undertaken.
The most important step of these analyses is
describing the nature of interactions between
human action and natural processes in a form
which is applicable for further processing and
useful in the spatial planning process. This step is
called "suitability modelling" and can be to a
different extent formalised and quantified.
Suitability modelling involves: identification (and
mapping) of spatial characteristics (factors)
which are relevant for concerned land uses,
description of their interrelation (value) for
individual land uses, mapping the values and
overlay of value maps (definition of aggregation
function).
Criteria for evaluating suitability can be roughly
divided according to two basic value systems –
developmental and conservative. Developmental
interest is described by opportunity
(attractiveness) criteria. These reveal favourable
conditions for land use, which can be expected
to improve its output (such as vicinity of
infrastructure in case of industry, fertile soils for
agriculture, etc.). Limitation (vulnerability)
criteria represent, on the other hand, the need
for the protection and reveal the conditions,
which may trigger increased environmental
impacts in case of land use (i.e. vicinity of
housing for industry or ground water reservoirs
for agriculture).
The main objectives of the activity are to:
� provide support for the CASP and for the
ICZM Plan preparation in optimizing the use
of territorial resources by distribution of land
uses;
� provide capacity building on vulnerability and
suitability modelling to Montenegrin CAMP
and CASP teams.
Actions to be implemented include:
� a detailed determination of a methodology;
� determination of the scale of the project and
considering variables of the study;
� data gathering;
� vulnerability modelling;
� attractiveness modelling;
� suitability modelling;
� interpretation of results;
� during the
vulnerability/attractiveness/suitability
modelling, providing trainings and capacity
building programmes, primarily for the
members of the CAMP.
Outputs of the activity include:
� methodology;
� data base;
� vulnerability models;
� attractiveness models;
� suitability models;
� interpretative report;
� training materials.
Technical description of the activity is presented
in Annex IV.
B.1.4
Inputs for the coastal carrying capacity, especially
regarding the capacities in the sector of tourism
development
The key objective of this activity is to offer
possible tools for the planning of costal activities
(particularly tourism) by means of respecting
assimilating capacities of coastal ecosystems,
socio-economic characteristics of coastal
settlements, and the existing (and possible)
infrastructural development. This activity will be
based on the outcome of targeted socio-
economic analyses and the outcome of
vulnerability analysis. The outcome of this
activity will, inter alia, be used in the preparation
of a beach management study.
19
Actions to be implemented are:
� offering, in co-operation with the CASP
Developer and working group for this activity,
a methodological framework for carrying out
the activities, primarily through the definition
of elements of the carrying capacity
assessment that are particularly relevant for
the coastal area in Montenegro and
transformation processes to which it has
been exposed;
� analysing the selected elements of the
carrying capacity, estimating acceptable
limits (thresholds) of such elements and, if
possible, defining them by means of
appropriate criteria and indicators;
� offering guidelines that would assist the CASP
Developer in formulating the sustainable
development scenario (model) for the coastal
area, particularly in allocating and identifying
capacities of the area for the activity
development, especially tourism.
Expected outputs of this activity are:
� draft methodological guidelines for carrying
out an assessment of the coastal carrying
capacity;
� analysis of selected elements of carrying
capacity, which are particularly important for
the development of tourism.
B 1.5
Recommendations to strengthen the beach
management system in Montenegro
The key objective of this activity is to contribute
to the improvement of the coastal zone
management system through the strengthening
of the management regime of beaches and
bathing places. The analyses to be carried out
under this activity are also of importance for the
assessment of the coastal carrying capacity,
especially regarding the capacities in the sector
of tourism development.
Actions to be implemented under this activity
are to:
� analyse the status of beaches and built
bathing places, including: geomorphological
features, maritime characteristics, biological
characteristics, sunniness, classification of the
natural characteristics;
� analyse the existing regime of use which
includes: categorisation by purpose,
categorisation by degree of organisation, use
of beach/bathing places for other purposes;
� analyse and evaluate the carrying capacity of
beaches and built bathing places;
� conduct a comparative analysis of
international practice of beach organisation
(erosion control, feeding, building
interventions);
� conduct an analysis of international
management practices and organisation of
bathing places.
The expected outcome of this activity is to
define recommendations and assessments which
are related to:
� protection of beaches and coastal zone,
� categorisation and equipping of bathing
places,
� determination of capacities by categories,
� establishment of categories in relation to the
needs of the hinterland.
B.1.6.
Contribution to coastal GIS database with indicators
as a core future coastal monitoring observatory
The forming of spatial and attribute data during
the preparation of the Coastal Area Spatial Plan
(CASP) and ICZM Plan is an important step
towards a more efficient development planning
system, as well as the coastal area monitoring,
assessment and management in Montenegro. In
addition, the said bases, as well as the databases
of natural resources, environment, etc. are
extremely useful in analysing the coastal carrying
capacity for different functions (especially
tourism) and in preparing the strategic
environmental assessment, while at the same
time being explicit requirements of the ICZM
Protocol for the Mediterranean.
20
The key objective of this activity is to contribute
to the creation of an integrated coastal database
that will be used for the purposes of the CAMP
activity, in the preparation of the CASP, but also
for all future projects in the coastal area,
particularly in the context of the coastal area
management activity and in the preparation of
spatial plans.
The actions to be implemented are:
� preparation of a list of metadata on
fundamental existing layers of spatial data;
� forming a database of spatial data and
indicators on baseline land planning and uses
for the coastal area;
� forming of database of main demographic
indicators and the demographic vitality index;
� transfer of other available layers in the GIS
database.
Key to the successful implementation of the
activity is the co-operation with relevant
national institutions (those related to data
delivery, primarily cartographic data), but also
with the CASP drafter. It is important to ensure
harmonisation with the process of the CASP
preparation by making a clear distribution of
tasks between the two processes (in order to
avoid overlapping and duplication of actions and
ensure natural upgrading of the two processes),
as well as to use a single database and the same
inputs (e.g. the same (the most recent) version
of spatial plans of municipalities, state location
studies, etc.) In that respect, a preliminary
elaboration has been made of the first necessary
steps that should be undertaken in order to
contribute to the forming of spatial and
demographic data.
Outcomes of the activity are:
� Spatial database (land uses, natural
resources, environment, demography);
� Database of GIS modelling used in the
vulnerability and suitability assessment.
B 2.
Integrated Coastal Zone Management
framework setup
The preparation of the ICZM Plan is the main
activity of the CAMP Montenegro and a vehicle
for putting into practice integrated approaches
and new institutional/co-ordination
mechanisms. It is directly related to Article 18 of
the ICZM Protocol (obligation to formulate the
national ICZM strategies, plans and
programmes). In parallel with the Integrated
Coastal Zone Management Plan the National
Strategy for the ICZM will be developed.
The National ICZM Strategy and Plan will define
a set of long-term objectives, within a 20-year
time frame. The ICZM Plan will be a supporting
roadmap to achieve the Strategy by defining the
short-term actions to deliver the Strategy over a
predetermined time period, i.e. 3-6 years.
The ICZM Plan will refer to the entire CAMP
Project area, whereas special efforts will be
made to co-ordinate activities with, and
integrate results of the Transboundary
Integrated Management Plan for Bojana/Buna
river.
The approval and ratification process of the
ICZM Protocol in the past two years has raised
considerably the profile of ICZM in the
Mediterranean. As it is referred above, one of its
key provisions is the requirement for the
preparation of the National ICZM Strategies
along with the coastal implementation plans and
programmes in conformity with the objectives
and principles of the Protocol. Therefore, the
preparation of the National Strategies and the
related Action Plan is a key output that has to be
achieved in accordance with the Action Plan for
the Implementation of the ICZM Protocol for the
Mediterranean, 2012 – 2019.
In accordance with Article 18.2 of the ICZM
Protocol, based on the analysis of the existing
situation, the national strategy shall “… set
objectives, determine priorities with an
21
indication of the reasons, identify coastal
ecosystems needing management, as well as all
relevant actors and processes, enumerate the
measures to be taken and their cost as well as
the institutional instruments and legal and
financial means available, and set an
implementation schedule.”
The (possible) contents of the National ICZM
Strategy with the ICZM Plan could consist of:
� Definition of the Vision;
� Identification of the Analysis and Objectives:
A brief analysis of the current state of the
coastal zone, root causes of major problems,
risks and potential future scenarios. The
national objectives for sustainable
development of the coastal zone reflecting
environmental, economic and social
priorities. Identification of the key indicators
to measure the success addressing these
priorities;
� Determination of the priorities for the
Coastal Zone: Set out the national priorities
and links to other relevant strategies
including spatial planning, environmental,
natural risks in particular climate change,
economic development, transport, etc.;
� Identify specific Ecosystems and Themes:
Define the specific coastal ecosystems
requiring management, in particular estuaries
and wetlands, by taking into account their
environmental, economic and social function;
� Identification of the Governance Structures
and Participation;
� Identify means of Implementation;
� Action Plan: a supporting roadmap to achieve
the Strategy – an ICZM Plan to deliver the
Strategy over a predetermined time period,
i.e. 3-6 years. The ICZM Plans are multi-sector
development plans which do not replace but
augment the overall national development
plans and sector specific development plans.
They are the central key elements in the
establishing of a sustainable ICZM;
� Monitoring and Evaluation process.
In accordance with the analyses and objectives
that will be defined in the NS ICZM, the priority
themes and area of action will be further
elaborated in the ICZM Plan. This will be
achieved by defining the measures, timeframe,
responsibilities for implementation, indicators,
means for implementation for any themes and
area of action that is assessed as the priority for
the ICZM Plan. The analyses and
recommendation to come out from the baseline
studies will serve as a platform in making the
prioritisation of the themes and priority areas, as
well as for defining a set of measures that are
necessary to be realised in order to enable
implementation of the priority actions.
Following the identification of the means for the
NS ICZM Implementation, the ICZM Plan will
define the measures that are necessary to be
realised in order to put into force the
institutional and legal set up for the ICZM
system. The core elements of the ICZM Plan will
be based on the following outcomes of the
CAMP Montenegro:
� Propose the ICZM institutional-legislative
framework setup in the coastal zone of
Montenegro in line with the principles of the
ICZM Protocol (further explained in point
B.2.1);
� Provide recommendations for the selected
ICZM measures, including the coastal setback
elaboration with the rules for its
implementation and measures for the
practical green entrepreneurship
implementation (further explained in point B
2.2);
� Provide comments with possible technical
assistance in order to facilitate the
implementation of the ICZM Protocol
principles in the final CASP formulation and
SEA phases (further explained in point B.2.3).
The ICZM Plan will provide clear targets over
time, policy development strategies, monitoring
schemes and evaluation mechanisms making use
of the national framework of ICZM stakeholders.
22
The ICZM Plan will also provide the
recommendations aimed at harmonisation of
the CASP, as the key spatial planning document,
as well as the relevant sectoral strategies, with
the ICZM Protocol principles.
In developing the ICZM Plan, special attention
will be attached to creating the participatory
process so as to enable iterative participation of
relevant coastal stakeholders.
Objectives of the activity related to the
Integrated Coastal Zone Management
framework setup are as follows:
� articulate an agreed clear national vision for
the sustainable development of the coastal
zone;
� establish through the governance the
integration and harmonisation of multiple
interests in the coastal zone;
� identify both the priorities and the means to
achieve the sustainable development of the
coastal zone.
Actions to be implemented:
� define the Contents of the NS ICZM;
� organise a consultative and participatory
process of relevant coastal stakeholders;
� define the contents and structure of the ICZM
Plan following the objectives and priority
areas defined in the NS ICZM, including the
identification of the Specific Ecosystems and
Themes;
� define the measures for the ICZM
Plan/Strategy implementation that also could
be used for the CASP implementation;
� follow the process of the CASP preparation
and provide support in order to facilitate the
implementation of ICZM principles in the final
formulation of CASP and the related SEA;
� propose the institutional and legislative set
up to facilitate the implementation of the
ICZM Protocol principles, including their
integration in the final CASP formulation;
� integrate the recommendations of SEA for
the ICZM Plan into the ICZM Plan;
� formal adoption and approval of the ICZM
Plan.
Outputs of this activity are:
� National Strategy for the Coastal Zone
Management;
� Integrated Coastal Zone Management Plan.
This core activity can be broken down in three
main sub-activities, further elaborated in the
following paragraphs.
B 2.1.
ICZM institutional-legislative framework setup
The goal of this CAMP Montenegro activity is to
contribute toward the establishment of the
appropriate institutional and legal structure for
integrated management of the coast. The
activity is in line with Articles 7 and 14 of the
ICZM Protocol.
The key objectives are to:
� adapt the existing legal and institutional
framework of Montenegro to the
requirements of the ICZM Protocol;
� strengthen the participation of all relevant
stakeholders in the coastal zone
management;
� contribute toward the overall improvement
of the coastal co-ordination mechanisms.
Actions to be implemented include the
preparation and/or provision of:
� an analysis of the current legal framework as
well as institutional roles and responsibilities
and identification of obstacles to effective
management of the coastal zone;
� a model for institutional structure for the
coastal zone management (possibly through
further elaboration and improvement of co-
ordination mechanisms, possibly through the
establishment of new and/or restructuring of
existing institutions) with a view to the ICZM
Protocol requirements and based on
examples of good practice in integrated
management of natural resources;
23
� a proposal on institutional development
needs for integrated management;
� needs and support in making the proposed
institutional structure operational, including
the identification of necessary changes in
respective laws and regulations;
The above actions will benefit of the ongoing
activities in the country undertaken in the
framework of the MedMPAnet project and
supported by SPA/RAC, in collaboration with
IUCN, regarding support to the institutional and
legislative setup related to the creation of MPAs
in Adriatic countries.
The main outputs of this activity include a
proposal of an agreed model of institutional
structure for integrated coastal zone
management with defined responsibilities and
financial resources, and identified further
institutional development needs. This activity
will take into consideration the ICZM
institutional analysis that is undertaken in the
framework of the SHAPE project.
B 2.2.
Recommendations for selected ICZM measures,
including the coastal setback elaboration with rules
of its implementation/adaptation
Instruments for the implementation of spatial
plans represent one of the key assumptions for
the functioning of the spatial planning system.
The analyses often show that even good spatial
planning solutions have not been carried out due
to the lack of adequate implementation
mechanisms. The analysis of spatial planning
practices in the coastal area leads to the best
understanding of the importance of these
instruments and helps initiate appropriate
legislative and other changes. These instruments
may include a wide range of instruments, from
analytical, integration and participatory
instruments, land and tax policy, communal
policy (particularly construction and land
development) to monitoring and evaluation
instruments.
Although some of these instruments will be
elaborated in the CASP, the ICZM will also give
elaboration of some of the above mentioned
instruments, as a form of implementation
measures complementing the CASP, in view of
the ICZM principles.
Institutional-legislative instruments are detailed
in the activity B2.1, while this activity puts more
stress on the instruments connected to the
application of Article 8 of the ICZM Protocol,
selected socio-economic measures and spatial
planning assumptions related to the
implementation of the green entrepreneurship
concept, as well as monitoring and evaluation
instruments.
All the mentioned instruments and
recommendations will be an integral part of the
ICZM Strategy/Plan.
The main goal of the activity is to contribute to
the elaboration of the ICZM implementation
framework, as a significant element in the
development of the ICZM Strategy/Plan but
which can also be taken into consideration in
developing the CASP.
Specific objectives of this activity are to:
� determine the approach for the
implementation of Article 8 of the ICZM
Protocol;
� determine the approach for the
implementation of the green
entrepreneurship concept;
� ensure the prerequisites for the monitoring
of the outcomes defined in the ICZM
Strategy/Plan.
The key actions include:
� assessment of the narrower coastal strip
relevant for the implementation of Article 8
of the ICZM Protocol;
� definition of criteria for the coastal setback
and their presentation on selected locations;
� proposal of general criteria and measures for
the rehabilitation of devastated zones;
24
� elaboration of key actions, including spatial
planning prerequisites, for the promotion of a
sustainable rural development in the coastal
area, primarily in the tourism and agriculture
sectors;
� proposal of instruments for the monitoring
and evaluation of the intended outcomes.
Expected outcomes are:
� elaborated measures related to the
implementation of Article 8 of the ICZM
Protocol, primarily in connection with the
coastal setback and general criteria for the
rehabilitation of devastates zones (as part of
the ICZM Plan);
� appropriate graphical representation of
selected locations of the coastal setback;
� elaborated analyses and measures for the
promotion of sustainable local initiatives
(green entrepreneurship) in the coastal area
(to be integrated in the ICZM Plan);
� proposal of indicators for the monitoring of
state and trends in space and/or sector,
indications for the definition and monitoring
of success of pubic (coastal) policies, plans
and programmes.
B 2.3.
Facilitating implementation of the ICZM Protocol
principles in the CASP and SEA
Harmonisation of the two plans – CASP and ICZM
– will be provided under this CAMP activity in
order to ensure that the ICZM Protocol concepts
and tools such as the coastal vulnerability,
attractiveness and suitability modelling, the set-
back zone, the ecosystem approach and the use
of the carrying capacity assessment concept in
the planning are applied in the CASP
development.
The goal of this activity is to provide technical
support in the process of the CASP and SEA
preparations in a way to ensure the
mainstreaming of the ICZM principles in the
spatial planning system of Montenegro. The
ICZM/CASP baseline studies will provide a
platform for integration of the ICZM concepts
and tools into the CASP, securing harmonisation
of the two plans. It will enable that the CASP
development is based on the spatial planning
methodology that co-ordinates developmental
interests and the demand for environmental
protection.
The specific objectives of this activity are to:
� indicate, through the provision of comments
and possible other forms of technical
assistance, how the ICZM concepts,
techniques and tools can be used to improve
spatial planning as to evolve it into
"environmental planning" or "ecological
planning" as a way of directing or managing
changes in the landscape so that human
actions are in tune with nature and
environment;
� comply with legal requirements, by applying
the SEA process to the ICZM Plan
development, ensuring that environmental
impacts of the ICZM Plan are assessed and
mitigated;
� build capacities for utilising the SEA in line
with the ICZM principles.
Actions to be implemented:
� follow the process of the CASP preparation
and provide necessary comments and
technical assistance related to integration of
the ICZM principles;
� analyse results of the baseline studies in
order to ensure their practical application in
the process of defining and justifying the
planning measures and solution of the CASP;
� provide a methodological input and
determine the contents of SEA for the ICZM
Plan;
� provide hands-on experience in SEA
development;
� undertake SEA, in synergy with the SEA
process for the CASP.
25
Expected outputs from this activity are:
� specific inputs/comments on the CASP,
related to the ICZM principles;
� SEA on the ICZM Plan, complementary to the
CASP SEA;
� methodological inputs and training materials
on SEA.
B.3.
Realisation of the pilot project on testing the
Ecosystem Approach (ECAP) application in Boka
Kotorska Bay
The specific location of the Boka Kotorska Bay in
the Adriatic Sea makes it a very interesting and
distinctive area. This specificity is conditioned
primarily by a characteristic geographical
location of the bay (a shallow and medium depth
ecosystem and semi-closed water body; sea-bed
configuration; the biological production from
phytoplankton due to the fact that the rivers
entering the Boka Kotorska Bay are not severely
impacted by man; etc.), as well as by its complex
geomorphology, giving the area a special mark
from the abiotic point of view. Besides the
complexity and variety of abiotic factors, a
specific living world gives the additional complex
biotic component, making it the area with a
larger number of specific habitat conditions or
biotopes. The sea enters deeply into land (a
unique fiord with the Mediterranean climate)
with the total coast length of 105.5 km and with
the total area of around 36 km2.
As a shallow and medium depth ecosystem and
semi-closed water body, the Boka Kotorska Bay
is affected by a large scale of anthropogenic
impacts. Natural conditions determine a low
degree of the seawater exchange between inside
the waters of the Boka Kotorska Bay aquatorium
and the open sea area. At the same time, there
are a significant inflows of fresh water to the Bay
sea water, which cause significant decrease of
salinity.
ECAP has been promoted as a tool aiming at
improving the way human activities are
managed for the protection of the marine
environment. However, to ensure the
sustainability of the exploitation of marine goods
and services, it is necessary to evaluate the
existing marine ecosystems, especially in the
context of their role in producing resources.
By having the significant impact of
anthropogenic factors on the status of marine
ecosystem, the green economy tools, especially
the Green Entrepreneurship and green jobs, can
be a relevant concept that may contribute in
improving the state of the Boka Kotorska Bay
ecosystem.
The key objective is to provide an appropriate
framework for assessing environmental status of
the fragile marine ecosystems and socio-
economic needs of the related coastal area in a
way to enable balancing of human activities in
the manner most suitable for the environment.
Actions to be implemented include:
� assessment of the nutrient inputs from
diffused sources based on a model recently
under development by MED POL;
� evaluation of the status of the marine
ecosystems, especially in the context of their
role in producing resources with support of
SPA/RAC;
� with support of CP/RAC, and contribution of
SPA/RAC regarding the protected areas
management, identification of the
possibilities on providing the Green
Entrepreneurship support to successful
initiatives at the local level with the aim to
contribute to the sustainable development of
the local communities in the Montenegrin
coastal zone;
� definition of the set of measures to be
integrated into the ICZM Plan based on the
ECAP application in Boka Kotorska Bay .
Expected outputs are:
� assessment of the nutrient inputs from
diffused sources based on a model recently
under development by MED POL;
26
� assessment of key marine ecosystems needs
with the aim to reduce negative impacts of
human activities by providing the
environmental sound management of the
coastal area;
� evaluation of the benefits of key marine
ecosystems, in terms of ecological service
they provide and its attractiveness for
economic activities;
� definition of the measures that emanate the
sustainable local initiatives in the coastal area
through suitable Green Entrepreneurship
modalities;
� definition of the ICZM measures through
enabling the integration of the best suitable
Green Entrepreneurship modalities that are
selected in accordance with the needs of
achieving a good ecological status of the Boka
Kotorska Bay as one of the key goals of the
ECAP implementation.
More information of the activity is presented in
Annex V.
27
5. Institutional arrangements and staffing
5.1
Institutional arrangements
Institutional arrangements of the project are
established at two levels:
� at the project level; and
� at the level of each individual project activity.
The institutional arrangements at the project
level, as defined by the Project Agreement, are
described in the following paragraphs.
The MAP component
The Co-ordinating Unit of MAP (MEDU) will
exercise guidance and supervision over the
implementation of the Project. PAP/RAC, as the
MAP Project Implementing Centre, will be
responsible for co-ordination, guidance and
implementation of the Project, in co-operation
with Montenegrin national and local authorities.
Furthermore, PAP/RAC will co-ordinate activities
with other MAP components involved in the
Project with the assistance of the National
Project Co-ordinator. Finally, it will be
responsible for the co-ordination of preparation
of the final Project documents.
Other MAP components involved in the Project –
SPA/RAC, INFO/RAC, CP/RAC and MEDPOL, will
be responsible for the implementation of
respective individual activities, under the
logistical co-ordination of PAP/RAC, and in co-
operation with the National Project Co-ordinator
and relevant national authorities/institutions
responsible for the respective activities.
MAP professionals and consultants will act in
accordance with their respective ToRs. The area
of consultancy needed and the selection of the
consultant are defined through Technical
Specifications (Terms of References) for CAMP
activities which are provided in the Annexes to
this Report.
The host country component
The MSDT, in its roles of the National Focal Point
for MAP and the National Lead Agency for the
CAMP Montenegro, will exercise the overall
supervision of Project activities in the country
and of those implemented by national
participants, in co-operation with the MAP. The
MAP National Focal Point who is appointed the
National Project (CAMP) Co-ordinator will act as
a Project Director.
The CAMP Montenegro Steering Committee (SC)
will provide the overall guidance for the Project.
This body will be composed of representatives of
MSDT, MAP – PAP/RAC, representatives of other
relevant ministries (including transport and
maritime affairs, economy, foreign affairs and
European integrations, agriculture and rural
development, health and culture) and Public
Enterprise for the Coastal Zone Management; it
will also comprise persons representing coastal
municipalities and an UNDP representative
(given the fact that UNDP will provide
administrative support to CAMP
implementation).
Advisory Board will provide expert support to
the Steering Committee and will involve
representatives of management agencies and
professional/scientific institutions including the
Public Enterprise for the Coastal Zone
Management, Environmental Protection Agency,
Nature Protection Institute, Hydro-
meteorological Institute, and Marine Biology
Institute. Representatives of coastal
municipalities and the civil sector, as well as the
National Project Co-ordinator, will be a part of
the Advisory Board, too.
28
In addition, important roles for the CAMP
Montenegro implementation will be played by
the National Project Co-ordinator and national
team leaders.
In line with the Co-operation Agreement
between MSDT and UNDP Montenegro signed
on 1 November 2011 and UNDP’s Project
Document annexed to this Agreement, the
UNDP Montenegro will provide administrative
support to execution of CAMP activities. This
arrangement was made due to the fact that
MSDT’s capacities were limited and that UNDP
was able and willing to provide for project
administration and financial management of the
national CAMP budget contribution in line with
the United Nations rules. UNDP will also provide
in-kind contribution to the CAMP budget
(through the costs of staff involved in
administering the CAMP activities and through
the implementation of own activities
complementary to those of the CAMP
Montenegro), and will act in co-ordination with
and under supervision of the National Project
Co-ordinator.
The institutional arrangements at the level of
individual project activities are as follows:
The MAP component:
� MAP Project Co-ordinator;
� MAP experts involved in the implementation
of the activity, if and as required.
The host country component:
� National Project Co-ordinator;
� National Team Leaders responsible for
various activities; and
� National Teams tasked with the implementation of various activities, composed of experts and professionals.
5.2
Project staff
At the time of drafting the Inception Report, the
project staffing has not been fully completed. In
cases where there were still no specific
nominations/appointments for the positions
within the above-described institutional
arrangements for project implementation,
names of institutions from which the persons
are expected to be nominated or names of the
functions/positions are provided.
The staffing of the MAP component is as follows
(to be completed):
� MAP Project Co-ordinator – Ms. Marina
Marković, Programme Officer, PAP/RAC;
� SPA/RAC Team Leader – Mr. Daniel Cebrian,
Programme Officer;
� CP/RAC Team Leader – Mr. Roger Garcia,
Deputy Director;
� MEDPOL Team Leader – Mr. Michael
Angelidis, Programme Officer;
The staffing of the national components is as
follows (to be completed):
� National Project Co-ordinator – Ms. Jelena
Knežević, MAP Focal Point, MSDT;
� Project Assistants – Ms. Azra Haverić and Mr.
Andrej Lakić;
� Administrative support – Mr. Borko Vulikić,
Programme Officer at UNDP Montenegro;
� National Project Steering Committee;
� Chairperson:
Ms. Sanja Lješković, Deputy Minister for
Spatial Planning, MSDT
� Members:
Ms. Jelena Knežević, Adviser to the Minister, MAP Focal Point, MSDT;
Ms. Marina Marković, Programme Officer, PAP/RAC;
Ms. Ivana Vojinović, Deputy Minister for Environmental Protection, MSDT;
Ms. Željka Radak Kukavičić, Deputy Minister for Tourism Strategy, Policy and Special Tourism Forms, MSDT;
Mr. Vladan Dubljević Deputy Minister, Ministry of Economy (exploitation of resources in the coastal area);
Ms. Lidija Ljesar, Deputy Minister, Ministry of Culture (cultural heritage);
29
Mr. Rajko Barović, Director, Public Enterprise for Coastal Zone Management of Montenegro;
Ms. Maja Jovović Smitdh, Senior Adviser, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integrations (regional and multilateral initiatives in the coastal zone);
Ms. Ana Kusovac, Senior Adviser in the Ministry of Transport and Maritime Affairs;
Mr. Srđan Mugoša, Adviser, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (fishery and water management);
(tbd) Ministry of Health (health and environment);
Mr. Đžaudet Cakulija, Vice Mayor of Municipality of Ulcinj;
Ms. Dragan Dedić, Adviser to Mayor for Urbanism, Municipality of Bar;
Ms. Tatjana Jelica, Secretary of the Secretariat for urban planning and environment;
Ms. Danijela Jablan, Senior Adviser for Spatial Planning, Municipality of Kotor;
Ms. Andja Popović, Senior Adviser responsible for the Environment, Municipality of Budva;
(tbd) Municipality of Herceg Novi;
� National Project Advisory Board will be
appointed after the Inception Conference in
line with the proposal of composition, as
follows:
� Chairperson:
� Members:
Representative responsible for sustainable development and environmental protection of the coastal zone, Public Enterprise for the Coastal Zone Management;
Director or Deputy Director responsible for monitoring of the state of the environment, Environmental Protection Agency;
Director or representative responsible for terrestrial biodiversity and protected areas, Institute for Nature Protection;
Director or representative responsible for monitoring of the state of marine biodiversity and hydrographics, Hydro-meteorological Institute;
Director or representative responsible for monitoring of the state of marine ecosystem, including the marine biodiversity, Marine Biology Institute;
Municipality of Herceg Novi;
Municipality of Kotor;
Municipality of Tivat;
Municipality of Budva;
Municipality of Bar;
Municipality of Ulcinj;
NGO representative;
� National Project Co-ordinator and National
Team Leaders and team members will be
appointed after the Inception Conference in
line with the proposal of composition, as
follows:
� Training and awareness raising;
� Baseline studies for the ICZM Plan and
CASP:
Vulnerability and Suitability Assessment Study of biodiversity and nature protection;
Study for hydrology, hydrogeology and water quality;
Natural risks analysis;
Targeted socio-economic analysis;
� Coastal GIS;
� The methodology for carrying capacity,
especially regarding the capacities in the
sector of tourism development;
� Recommendations to strengthen the
beach management system in
Montenegro;
� Implementation of the ICZM Protocol and
implications for spatial planning and CASP
and the ICZM Plan harmonisation;
� Institutional and legal set up for ICZM;
� ICZM Plan with the NS ICZM;
� SEA for ICZM.
30
6. Expected results and outputs
The CAMP Montenegro will contribute to
sustainable development in the coastal area,
primarily by supporting the development of the
Coastal Area Spatial Plan (CASP) and facilitating
the inclusion of integrated management
concepts, methodologies and tools in the
national spatial planning system and by
developing an ICZM Plan for the Montenegrin
coast. The CAMP Montenegro will contribute to
sustainable development of certain economic
activities, such as tourism, by carrying out
development of the methodology for the
tourism carrying capacity assessment and by
ensuring that the ICZM principles and
requirements are integrated in the spatial plans,
as well as to the greening of local economies
through implementation of certain green
entrepreneurship initiatives. At the same time,
the Project will strengthen the information basis
(including the availability of geo-referenced
data) for management and planning, particularly
in the areas of hydrology, vulnerability, beach
management and coastal and marine
biodiversity. The co-ordination and integration
component of the CAMP Montenegro will
ensure utilization of results from related (past
and on-going) projects and synergetic effects in
order to ensure the efficient and effective use of
resources.
The CAMP activities will also result with the
strengthened capacity of national and local
institutions for integrated planning and
management in the coastal zone, and will
contribute to the overall awareness of the issues
such as sensitivity of the coastal zones,
ecosystem approach, requirements of the ICZM
Protocol and EU marine strategy and directives,
biodiversity and other natural values in the
coastal zone, etc.
The main expected outputs of the CAMP Project
for Montenegro are:
� ICZM plan with NS ICZM for the project area;
� Building blocks for future institutional
arrangements for ICZM (proposal of the
appropriate institutional structure and
enhanced participation) and support to
possible changes in the legislative framework;
� Analysis of implications of the ICZM Protocol
for the spatial planning system, including
recommendations for the necessary revision
of the existing spatial planning policies and
documents to incorporate the ICZM methods,
concepts and tools and assistance with their
application in the process of CASP
development;
� Delivered trainings and increased capacity of
all the stakeholders, especially the local level
ones;
� Raised awareness of coastal processes and
integrated management;
� Coastal studies (with GIS maps) including:
� Suitability Assessment Analysis;
� Study of biodiversity and nature
protection;
� Study of hydrology, hydrogeology and
water quality;
� Natural risks analysis;
� Targeted socio-economic analysis;
� Coastal GIS;
� The methodology for the carrying capacity
assessment, especially regarding the
capacities in the sector of tourism
development;
� Recommendations to strengthen the
beach management system in Montenegro;
� SEA Study for the ICZM Plan;
� Inception Report;
� Final Integrated Project Document and
proposal for follow-up activities.
31
7. Methodologies and tools to be applied
7.1
General methodologies
The Project will be based on the principles and
guidelines integrated in the key global and
regional documents on sustainable development
(including the Rio Declaration, Agenda 21,
Agenda 21 for the Mediterranean and the Tunis
Declaration, documents from the Johannesburg
World Summit 2002, etc.). Furthermore, the
general methodologies applied throughout the
project implementation will be firmly rooted in
the international agreements and EU policies
and legal acts, such as the Barcelona Convention
(and the ICZM Protocol in particular) and the
Convention on Biological Diversity, and the EU
Water Framework Directive and the Marine
Directive and Strategy.
Special attention will be given to the
implementation of the following principles:
� integration of environmental protection in
development policies and their
implementation;
� public participation and awareness raising;
� access to information;
� application of integrated methodologies and
tools for spatial planning and coastal
management (ICZM, ICARM);
� sustainable tourism development;
� biodiversity protection and ecosystem
approach to managing natural resources;
� capacity building for sustainable
development and environmental protection.
The general methodological framework that will
be applied in implementing the CAMP
Montenegro is the one described in the
publication entitled Integrated Coastal and
Marine Areas Management (UNEP, 1995;
UNEP/MAP, 1999) and the Guidelines for the
preparation of National ICZM Strategies required
by the Integrated Coastal Zone Management
(ICZM) Protocol for the Mediterranean
(UNEP/MAP-PAP/RAC 2011). Special attention
will be paid to application of integrated
approaches and sustainability requirements in
the spatial planning processes. Tools and
techniques, such as the Carrying Capacity
Assessment (CCA) and the Strategic Environmental
Assessment (SEA), will be used. In doing so, the
information basis will be strengthened,
capacities developed and sustainable
development of the coastal zone promoted.
7.2
Specific methodologies and tools
(related to individual Project
activities)
As for the individual project activities, the
methodologies and tools to be utilised are
described below.
Project co-ordination, integration and
dissemination of results:
� ICZM methodology;
� methodology for formulation and
implementation of MAP CAMP projects;
� co-ordination;
� standard project management methods.
Training/capacity building:
� workshops;
� training programmes and materials.
Public participation and awareness raising:
� consultative and public participation
meetings/workshops;
� information dissemination and awareness
raising campaign;
32
� web site;
� involvement of media;
� publications (presentation of the project).
Analysis of implications of the ICZM Protocol
for spatial planning:
� comparative legal analysis;
� analysis of spatial planning policies and
various types of spatial plans.
CASP baseline studies enabling integration of
ICZM principles:
� standard methods of data collection and
processing;
� GIS;
� vulnerability and suitability assessment;
� Carrying Capacity Assessment (CCA);
� rapid habitats assessment.
ICZM Plan:
� standard methods of data collection and
processing;
� use of database and geo-referenced data;
� expert studies, analysis and assessment;
� workshops – vision, goals and strategy
formulation;
� ICZM methodology.
ICZM institutional-legislative framework setup,
SEA for the ICZM Plan and Harmonisation of
CASP with the ICZM Plan:
� institutional and legal analysis;
� Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA);
� comparative analysis and harmonisation of
management and spatial plans.
Pilot project – testing the ECAP application in
Boka Kotorska Bay:
� ecosystem approach;
� nutrient assessment modelling;
� evaluation of the status of marine
ecosystems.
33
8. Linkages
The CAMP Montenegro is linked to and
supportive of the following policies, plans and
programmes:
� UNEP-MAP and MCSD policies,
recommendations and projects;
� EU policies;
� national policies, planning documents and
regulations; and
� local plans and programmes.
There are also internal thematic and structural
linkages among individual project activities, as
well as linkages with the project and activities
implemented prior to and in parallel with the
Inception Report preparation.
UNEP-MAP and MCSD policies and projects
pertinent to CAMP include:
� general policies and principles of sustainable
development;
� Barcelona Convention and the ICZM Protocol;
� principles and policies of MAP CAMPs;
� SAP BIO and SAP MED;
� MCSD recommendations on sustainable
coastal management, water resources
management, tourism, indicators and
information and public awareness;
� current work within the MCSD (revision of
the MSSD, climate change);
� GEF Large Marine Ecosystem in the
Mediterranean;
� MAP policies implemented and experience
achieved during the hitherto implementation
of MAP RACs and MEDPOL activities.
Among the EU policies, those being of crucial
importance for the CAMP include the Marine
Strategy Framework Directive 2008/56/EC, the
Recommendation on ICZM, Water management
and nature directives, etc.
As for the national policies, plans and projects to
which the CAMP is linked, the most relevant
ones are:
� National Sustainable Development Strategy;
� Tourism Development Strategy until 2020;
� Draft National Strategy for Integrated Coastal
Area Management;
� National Spatial Plan, Spatial Plan of the
Special Purpose Area Morsko dobro and other
national level spatial plans;
� Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan;
� National Report on Status, Problems and
Preservation of Marine and Coastal
Biodiversity in Montenegro;
� Vulnerability and impact of climate change on
marine and coastal biodiversity;
� National Action Plan for Reduction of
Pollution from Land Based Sources;
� First National Communication on Climate
Change.
A complex body of environmental, spatial
planning, water management, nature protection,
transport, tourism, agriculture and fisheries, use
of natural resources, etc. legislation regulates
management in the coastal zone. The key pieces
of legislation relevant for the CAMP include:
� Environmental Law;
� Law on Spatial Planning and Construction;
� Law on SEA;
� Law on Nature Protection;
� Law on Public Zone of Coastal Zone
Management;
� Law on Water Management;
� Law on ratification of the ICZM Protocol;
� Law on Concessions;
� Law on Cultural Heritage Protection,
as well as a number of related bylaws and
sectoral legal acts.
34
Linkages with the local level documents primarily
refer to:
� Local level spatial plans; and
� Municipal development strategies and plans.
The CAMP Montenegro objectives and activities
are complementary with and mutually
reinforcing those of the projects such as the
Buna/Bojana Transboundary Integrated
Management Plan, the development of the
National Strategy for Integrated Coastal Zone
Management, the ADRICOSM-STAR and
ADRICOSM Intermediate, the projects aiming to
establish and/or strengthen a network of
protected areas (marine and terrestrial) in the
coastal zone, such as the MPA Katič project and
the MEDPAN net project aimed at strengthening
the actions to address adequate technical
support and capacity building for the creation of
Marine and Coastal Protected Areas in the
country, as well as the Greco Initiative
implementation to support the Green
Entrepreneurship activities in the country.
The CAMP Montenegro will be linked to the
activities of the following RACs :
� PAP/RAC (ICZM, spatial planning,
vulnerability and suitability assessment,
tourism development planning; integrated
coastal/river basin management, data
management, training);
� SPA/RAC (coastal and marine habitats
assessment);
� INFO/RAC;
� CP/RAC (green entrepreneurship initiatives,
training) with contributions by SPA/RAC;
� MEDPOL (ecosystem approach application
and a model for assessing the nutrient inputs
from diffused sources of pollution).
35
9. Work Plan and Timetable
The overall Work Plan and Timetable for the CAMP Montenegro are presented in the following table:
CAMP Montenegro Work Plan and Timetable Start Finish
Detailed formulation of the project December 2011 May 2012
Inception Report December 2011 March 2012
Inception Conference March 2012 March 2012
Meeting prerequisites for implementation December 2011 May 2012
Implementation September 2011 December 2013
Initial Activities
� Technical Specifications January 2012 April 2012
� ToR for consultants March 2012 June2012
� Signature of consultants contracts Throughout the project Throughout the project
Implementation of individual project activities May 2012 September 2013
Integration of results: October 2013 March 2014
� Final integrated project documents January 2014 March 2014
� Presentation December 2013
� Terminal report February 2014 March 2014
Post project activities: December 2013 December 2015
� Follow-up activities (host country) January 2014 January 2016
� Monitoring, evaluation, reporting (host country) January 2014 January 2016
� Presentation of project results at MAP level (MAP-PAP/RAC)
January 2014 January 2016
The Work Plan and Timetable for horizontal activities are presented in tables A1 – A3, while The Work
Plan and Timetable for individual activities are presented in tables B1 – B3.
36
Table A1:
Project co-ordination, integration and dissemination of results: Work Plan and Timetable
No. Phase/action Output(s) Deadline
1. Detailed formulation
1.1 Drafting the Inception Report Draft Inception Report March 2012
1.2 Inception Conference Conference Report April 2012
1.3 Final Inception Report Final Inception Report May 2012
1.4 Meeting prerequisites for implementation,
contracting
Technical Specifications; contracts,
ToRs, establishment of PSC; contracting;
May 2012
2. Implementation
2.1 Implementation Bi-monthly progress reports
Activity progress reports
Mid-term review meeting report
Regularly as part of
the activity
implementation
3. Integration
3.1 Integration of results of individual activities Bi-monthly reports Every 2 months till the
end of the project
3.2 Presentation of integrated project results Final Draft Integrated Report
Report of the Final Presentation
Conference
January 2014
3.3 Final integration Final Integrated Report March 2014
4. Final reporting
4.1 Reporting to UNEP-MAP Final Integrated Report April 2014
4.2 Evaluation to UNEP-MAP Self-evaluation Fact Sheets May 2014
5. Post Project Activities
5.1 Formulation, implementation of the follow-
up programme
Follow-up programme January 2014 –
January 2016
5.2 Monitoring, evaluation, reporting Progress reports Biannually
5.3 Presentation of results to MAP Final report January 2016
37
Table A2:
Training / capacity building: Work Plan and Timetable
No. Phase/action Output(s) Deadline
1. Detailed formulation
1.1 Preparation of Technical Specification Draft Technical Specification March
1.2 Presentation of TS at the Inception
Conference
Inception Conference Report March 2012
1.3 Final version of the TS Technical Specification April 2012
2. Implementation
2.1 Preparation and delivery of the training
module 1 (ICZM concepts and tools)
Training materials and module 1
training
June-October 2012
2.2 Preparation and delivery of the training
module 2 (cleaner production)
Training materials and module 2
training
April 2013
2.3 Preparation and delivery of the training
module 3 (ecosystem approach, monitoring
and indicators)
Training materials and module 3
training
July 2013
2.4 Identification of further training/ capacity
development needs
Recommendations on further training
topics
September 2013
2.5 Reporting Final Report November 2013
Table A3:
Public participation and awareness raising: Work Plan and Timetable
No. Phase/action Output(s) Deadline
1. Detailed formulation
1.1 Preparation of Technical Specification Draft Technical Specification March 2012
1.2 Presentation of TS at the Inception
Conference
Inception Conference Report March 2012
1.3 Final version of the TS Technical Specification April 2012
1.4 Contracting Contract, ToR May 2012
2. Implementation
2.1 Definition of methodology for public
involvement throughout the CAMP
Guidelines on public participation June-July 2012
2.2 Organisation of public participation process
(a number of workshops corresponding
with the main stages in the development of
the key outputs from individual activities
and on the formulation of the follow-up
proposal)
Workshops outputs 2012-2013
2.3 Carrying out public awareness campaign
(publications, promotional activities and
events)
Promotional activities and events 2012-2013
2.4 Setting up of the CAMP website CAMP website July 2012
2.5 Reporting Final Report November 2013
38
Table B1: Support to CASP and ICZM Strategy/ Plan development: Work Plan and Timetable
No. Phase/action Output(s) Deadline
1. Detailed formulation
1.1 Preparation of Technical Specification Draft Technical Specification March 2012
1.2 Presentation of TS at the Inception
Conference
Inception Conference Report March 2012
1.3 Final version of the TS Technical Specification April 2012
2. Implementation
2.1 Identification of the existing sources of
information and data gaps; data gathering
Compilation of existing data
April 2012
2.2 Preparation of baselines studies:
� Biodiversity and nature protection � Hydrology, hydro-geology and water
quality � Risks � Selected socio-economic issues
Baseline studies
October2012
2.3 Preparation of suitability assessment
(attractiveness, vulnerability and suitability
modelling; interpretation of models)
Models and interpretative report
September 2012
2.4 Application of Carrying Capacity
Assessment (CCA)
Guidelines on determination of Carrying
Capacity and CCA (to support CASP and
ICZM development)
August 2012
2.5 Provision of support for beach
management system
Recommendations on beach
management
April 2013
2.6 Contribution to GIS database Mapped results of analytical work
(baseline studies, V&S assessment,
carrying capacity, etc.); GIS database
Throughout the
project
Table B2: Pilot project on ECAP application in Boka Kotorska Bay: Work Plan and Timetable
No. Phase/action Output(s) Deadline
1. Detailed formulation
1.1 Preparation of Technical Specification Draft Technical Specification March 2012
1.2 Presentation of TS at the Inception
Conference
Inception Conference report March 2012
1.3 Final version of the TS Technical Specification June 2012
2. Implementation
2.1 Assessment of nutrient inputs and
evaluation of the status of marine
ecosystems
Assessment and result of ECAP
application
June 2013
2.2 Identification of possibilities for green
entrepreneurship
Recommendations on green
entrepreneurship
July 2013
2.3 Definition of measures (based on ECAP
application in Boka Kotorska Bay) to be
integrated in ICZM Plan
Proposal of measures for the ICZM Plan August 2013
2.4 Reporting Final report October 2013
39
Table B3:
ICZM framework setup: Work Plan and Timetable
No. Phase/action Output(s) Deadline
1. Detailed formulation
1.1 Preparation of Technical Specification Draft Technical Specification March 2012
1.2 Presentation of TS at the Inception
Conference
Inception Conference Report March 2012
1.3 Final version of the TS Technical Specification April 2012
2. Implementation
2.1 Analysis of the current legal and
institutional framework and of the required
changes for integrated management
Proposal of institutional and legislative
set up for ICZM (including institutional
development needs)
May 2013
2.2 Definition of criteria for determination of
the setback zone and for rehabilitation of
degraded areas; support for
implementation of these and other
selected ICZM measures
Recommendations on implementation
of selected ICZM measures (in particular
for Article 8 of the ICZM Protocol)
November 2012
2.3 Provision of technical assistance on
integration of ICZM principles into CASP
development (harmonisation of the ICZM
Plan and CASP)
Suggestions and advices to CASP
developers
Regularly, till the end
of the CASP process
2.4 Definition of the contents and structure of
the NS ICZM Plan
The contents and structure of the NS
ICZM
June 2012
2.5 Definition of the contents and structure of
the ICZM Plan following the objectives and
priority areas defined in the NS ICZM
The contents and structure of the ICZM
Plan
June 2012
2.6 Definition of the measures for the ICZM
Plan and Strategy implementation
The set of measures to support the
ICZM Plan and Strategy implementation
August 2013
2.7 Undertaking SEA for the ICZM Plan SEA During the ICZM Plan
drafting
2.8 Adoption and approval of the ICZM Plan
with the NS ICZM
ICZM Plan
NS ICZM
March 2014
40
10. Monitoring, evaluation and reporting
Monitoring, evaluation and reporting of Project
implementation will follow the procedure and
apply the criteria defined in the Operational
Manual: Formulation and Implementation of
CAMP Projects (UNEP/MAP 1999).
In accordance with the above, and respecting
the Project Work Plan and Timetable, the
progress reporting will be implemented as
follows.
Implementation PHASE:
� Progress Report, September/ October 2011;
� Progress Report, November/ December 2011;
� Progress Report, January/ February 2012;
� Progress Report, March/April 2012;
� Progress Report, May/June 2012;
� Progress Report July/August 2012;
� Progress Report, September/October 2012;
� Progress Report, November/December 2012;
� Progress Report, January/ February 2013;
� Progress Report, March /April 2013;
� Progress Report, May/June 2013;
� Progress Report, July/August 2013;
� Progress Report, September/ October 2013;
� Progress Report, November/ December 2013;
� Progress Report, January/ February 2014;
� Final Report/March 2014.
The purpose of these reports is to evaluate the
progress achieved at the level of Individual
Project Activities and at the Project level.
Furthermore, the following reports will be
prepared:
� Terminal Project Report – April 2014;
� Self-evaluation Facts Sheet (according to the
UNEP format) – May 2014.
Post Project PHASE:
� Yearly Post Project Reports (CAMP National
Co-ordinator to PAP/RAC, MAP and MSDT);
� PAP/RAC report(s) on Post Project
achievements and use of results at MAP level;
� Ad hoc reports, if requested by MAP, or if
necessary to address specific conditions.
Progress Reports at Project level will be
prepared by the CAMP National Co-ordinator, to
be presented to MAP and to MSDT.
At the activity level, the Activity Progress
Reports will be prepared by the Team Leaders in
co-operation with National Consultants,
preceding the reports at the Project level. These
reports will be presented to the MAP Project Co-
ordinator and National Project Co-ordinator.
All Progress Reports will contain:
� Evaluation of the progress achieved, in
particular related to: (i) Work Plan and
Timetable, (ii) quality of phase/interim
outputs, and achievement indicators (Project
ToR, Chapter 5),
� Problems encountered and measures
implemented to solve them, and
� Problems not solved, needing intervention at
higher level; proposing measures to be
considered.
41
11. Logical framework analysis
Project co-ordination and integration of Project results
Narrative Objectively Verifiable
Indicators (targets)
Means of
Verification
(sources)
Assumptions/Risks
Goal To secure a harmonised, timely and cost effective implementation of the project in accordance with the Project Agreement.
- % of successfully completed activities; - timely implementation of
the project; - number of outputs
produced / expected outputs;
- % of approved budget realised;
- % of overrunning of approved budget, if any;
- approval of progress and final documents by the Steering Committee.
Inception Report Final Integrated Report Progress Reports
Assumptions: - All partners support the
project; - All partners secure co-
operation of national institutions,
- Constant information flow between MAP, MSDT, municipalities, National Project Co-ordinator;
Risks: - Partners do not provide
adequate support, - Steering Committee not
operative.
Objectives - to formulate and to implement the project;
- to harmonise implementation of actions;
- to guide and assist National Team Leaders;
- to integrate all project activities.
- consultants selected according to agreed procedures (national, UNEP/MAP, UNDP requirements);
- contracts prepared and signed,
- number of meetings with MAP, MSDT, municipal and representatives of relevant institutions;
- number of meetings with national teams / team leaders.
Inception Report Progress Reports
Outputs /
Activities
- Bi-monthly Progress Reports; - Activity Progress Reports; - Inception Report; - Mid-Term Review Meeting Report; - Brief Team Leaders Meetings’
Reports; - Final Activity Report; - Final Integrated Report; - Report of the Final Presentation
Conference; - Reports on the Steering and Advisory
Committee meetings.
42
Training-capacity building
Narrative Objectively Verifiable
Indicators (targets)
Means of
Verification
(sources)
Assumptions/Risks
Goal To strengthen capacities of the local and national institutions, as well as of the private sector for integrated planning, cleaner production and coastal zone monitoring.
- % of successfully completed activity;
- timely implementation of the planned activities;
- number of outputs produced / expected outputs.
Inception Report Final Integrated Report Progress Reports
Assumptions: - interest for training
topics among national stakeholders and active participation
Risks: - adequate expertise for
knowledge transfer not mobilised
Objectives - to provide for transfer of knowledge on the use of different ICZM instruments, tools and approaches;
- organise appropriate trainings and produce training materials.
- number of trainings / training modules organised;
- number of participants attending the trainings;
- quality of training materials.
Progress and Activity Reports
Outputs /
Activities
- trainings delivered (three modules); - reports on trainings held; - training materials and
recommendations on future individual capacity development needs.
Public participation and awareness raising
Narrative Objectively Verifiable
Indicators (targets)
Means of
Verification
(sources)
Assumptions/Risks
Goal To allow for participation and involvement of the public in all the project activities, to disseminate information on coastal area values and vulnerabilities and to promote sustainable development approaches among the general public.
- % of successfully completed activity;
- timely implementation of the planned activities;
- number of outputs produced / expected outputs.
Inception Report Final Integrated Report Progress Reports
Assumptions: - high level of interest in
coastal zone management Risks: - lack of timely
information on public participation events and promotional activities
Objectives - to ensure involvement of all the stakeholders through all project phases;
- to raise awareness of the importance of sustainable management in the coastal area;
- to emphasise values and fragility of coastal ecosystems and natural resources; and
- to promote the ICZM Protocol.
- number of public participation meetings / workshops held;
- level of involvement of stakeholders (measured by attendance of meetings / workshops);
- number of promotional events organised;
- media time dedicated to CAMP (appearances in printed and electronic media);
- number of visits to CAMP website.
Progress and Activity Reports Workshop Reports Media Reports
Outputs /
Activities
- workshops; - public participation reports, including
the stakeholder analysis; - media reports, promotional materials
and publications; - promotional activities and events; - CAMP Montenegro website (in
Montenegrin and English).
43
Support to CASP and ICZM Strategy / Plan development
Narrative Objectively Verifiable
Indicators (targets)
Means of
Verification
(sources)
Assumptions/Risks
Goal To support development of the CASP and ICZM Strategy / Plan by providing selected baseline studies and analyses.
- % of successfully completed activity;
- timely implementation of the planned activities;
- number of outputs produced / expected outputs;
- approval of baseline studies and analyses by the Steering and Advisory Committees.
Inception Report Final Integrated Report Progress Reports
Assumptions: - co-ordination between
the CASP, NS ICZM and CAMP projects, and timely integration of results from other related initiatives;
- adequate expertise (international and national) is mobilised.
Risks: - lack of data and/or
insufficient quality - national institutions do
not provide adequate support (in terms of data, information exchange, etc.).
Objectives - to provide assessment of selected coastal subsystems;
- to provide support for the CASP and for the ICZM Plan preparation in optimising land uses;
- to assist with determining carrying capacity of specific areas (primarily for tourism development);
- to provide support for beach management;
- to establish a GIS database for the coastal area.
- number of baseline studies produced in time to support the CASP and ICZM Plan development;
- uptake of Suitability Assessment findings by the Plans (CASP and ICZM);
- uptake of CCA recommendations by the Plans;
- expansion and/or establishment of new databases on coastal processes;
- availability of GIS data on coastal zone before and after the project.
Progress and Activity Reports CASP and ICZM Plan preparation reports and outputs by different stages
Outputs /
Activities
- Suitability assessment - Study on biodiversity and nature
protection - Study on hydrology, hydrogeology
and water quality - Natural risks analysis - Targeted socio-economic analysis - Database and coastal GIS - Methodology for carrying capacity
and assessment for selected areas / elements
- Recommendations to strengthen beach management
44
ICZM framework setup
Narrative Objectively Verifiable
Indicators (targets)
Means of
Verification
(sources)
Assumptions/Risks
Goal To support development of the ICZM Plan with the NS ICZM Strategy (vision, governance, implementation mechanisms) and of the adequate legal and institutional set up for sustainable development in the coastal zone, ensuring at the same time harmonisation between CASP and the ICZM Plan.
- % of successfully completed activity;
- timely implementation of the planned activities;
- number of outputs produced / expected outputs.
Inception Report Final Integrated Report Progress Reports
Assumptions: - high level of co-
ordination and harmonisation of different processes
Risks: - lack of support for
harmonisation between CASP and the ICZM Plan
- resistance to ICZM instruments (such as the setback zone)
Objectives - to propose changes of the existing legal and institutional framework;
- to support institutional development and co-ordination;
- to support implementation of Article 8 of the ICZM Protocol;
- to identify possibilities and stimulate green entrepreneurship;
- to provide for integration of ICZM principles into CASP;
- to support preparation of SEA for the ICZM Plan.
- the level of acceptance of requirements from Article 8 of the ICZM Protocol (evaluation based on stakeholders’ reactions and on the level of integration of Article’s requirements into national/local plans and policies);
- the level of acceptance of the proposed institutional structure for ICZM (evaluation based on stakeholders’ reactions);
- number of identified possibilities for green entrepreneurship;
- quality of the SEA process for the ICZM Plan and of the SEA study;
- the level of integration of ICZM principles in CASP.
Progress and Activity Reports Evaluation of the SEA Workshop Reports Outputs for the CASP process
Outputs /
Activities
- proposal of an agreed model of institutional structure for the coastal zone management
- recommendations on the implementation of Article 8 (primarily the setback zone and rehabilitation of degraded areas)
- graphic presentations of the setback zone for selected locations
- recommendations on measures to stimulate green entrepreneurship
- recommendations on integration of ICZM principles into CASP
- SEA for the ICZM Plan - ICZM Plan with the NS ICZM Strategy
45
Pilot project on ECAP application in Boka Kotorska Bay
Narrative Objectively Verifiable
Indicators (targets)
Means of
Verification
(sources)
Assumptions/Risks
Goal To test the application of the ecosystem approach (ECAP) in Boka Kotorska Bay.
- % of successfully completed activity;
- timely implementation of the planned activities;
- number of outputs produced / expected outputs.
Inception Report Final Integrated Report Progress Reports
Assumptions: - availability of
appropriate methodology and skills to carry out the pilot
- availability of the additional funding from other sources, e.g. other ongoing SPA/RAC projects in the area
Risks: - lack of necessary data
Objectives - to assess environmental status of the fragile marine ecosystems and, by applying ECAP, to recommend the framework for balancing environmental and socio-economic needs
- findings and recommendations from the pilot integrated in the ICZM Plan for Boka Kotorska Bay
Progress and Activity Reports ICZM Plan
Outputs /
Activities
- assessment of nutrient inputs - assessment of marine ecosystems
and evaluation of benefits they provide
- identification of possibilities for green entrepreneurship
- proposal of pertinent measures for the ICZM Plan
46
12. Terms of Reference for horizontal and individual activities
Technical Specifications (Terms of References – ToRs) for horizontal and individual activities are
presented in the following Annexes to the Inception Report:
Annex I: Training/capacity building activities, public participation and awareness raising
Annex II: The assessment of the nature based asset in the process of preparation of the ICZM Plan and
Strategy of Montenegro
Annex III: Targeted socio-economic analyses
Annex IV: Coastal vulnerability, attractiveness and suitability assessment
Annex V: The pilot project on testing the ECAP application in Boka Kotorska Bay: Making the Special
Reference to Eutrophication Status, Ecosystem Valuation and Green Entrepreneurship (tbd)
Annex VI: Distribution of the tasks related to creation of a database and the indicators of the state of
use and use of the coastal area of Montenegro
47
AnnexI:
TechnicalSpecificationfortraining,awarenessraisingand
publicparticipation
Ashortdescriptionoftaskstobe
implemented
The capacity of national and local institutions to
implement SD and ICZM policies and undertake
integrated planning and management is weak.
There is a general lack of knowledge on general
concepts of ICZM and, in particular, on some
specific ICZM instruments. In addition, the level
of awareness of the importance of ICZM can be
described as unsatisfactory. Information on the
value of natural resources in the coastal area
and necessity to manage them in a sustainable
way is not communicated to the public in an
organised way. Research results and available
information on the threats from unsustainable
development patterns are not present in the
public to the extent that could lead to changing
perceptions and behaviours.
In order to address the existing weaknesses and
lack of information/knowledge, a series of
trainings will be organised through the CAMP
Montenegro to strengthen human resource
capacities in local and national administrations,
planning, natural resources management,
tourism development and monitoring
institutions, as well as in private sector (industry,
SMEs). Also, the Project will help national
institutions in their efforts to disseminate
information on coastal area values and
vulnerabilities and to promote sustainable
development approaches among the general
public, capitalising on the efforts of all
stakeholders who are already working on
awareness raising and coastal area
management.
Objectives of the activity
The main objectives of the activity are to:
� increase capacities of different institutions to
understand, apply and use different ICZM
instruments for sustainable development
through transfer of knowledge and training;
� raise awareness of the importance of
sustainable management of the coastal area;
� emphasise values and fragility of coastal
ecosystems and natural resources; and
� promote the ICZM Protocol and decrease
resistance to some ICZM instruments that
could be perceived as an obstacle to the
development.
Detailed description of the activity
The activity will be composed of 3 main axes:
1. Capacity building and trainings;
2. Public participation;
3. Awareness raising activities.
1.
Capacity building and trainings
During the entire project duration, in parallel
with the individual activities, a series of trainings
will be organised. They will include three main
modules:
� Module 1: Integrated Coastal Zone
Management concepts and tools (comprising
two major trainings on i) general ICZM
principles and the ICZM Protocol, and ii) on
Carrying Capacity Assessment – CCA (or other
relevant tools);
48
� Module 2: Green Entrepreneurship
modalities and opportunities;
� Module 3: Information on ecosystem
approach (ECAP), monitoring and indicators
and ECAP integration into ICZM (the MEDPOL
methodology, the ICZM Protocol and the EEA
requirements on coastal zone indicators);
Module 1: ICZM
PAP/RAC will be responsible for the organisation
of trainings on ICZM. It is envisaged that 2 main
trainings will be organised: i) one on general
ICZM principles and the ICZM Protocol; ii) the
other on Carrying Capacity Assessment (CCA).
The Training on ICZM principles will include
lectures on main concepts of ICZM, introduction
to the ICZM Protocol, an overview of main ICZM
tools and instruments, and examples of good
practices. In addition, more explanations on
specific Protocol requirements could be
provided. The training will be organised in the
initial phases of project implementation (May-
June 2012).
The second training will preferably be focused
on Carrying Capacity Assessment (CCA)
concepts. It will give a technical description of
main aspects of the carrying capacity (physical,
ecological, social, infrastructural and
institutional/management aspect) and provide
an overview of its application around the
Mediterranean. The training will explain the CCA
concepts developed for the purpose of the
CAMP Montenegro and its link with the Coastal
Area Spatial Plan (CASP). The training will be
organised upon defining concepts and drafting
first inputs of the CCA for the purpose of the
ICZM Plan (September-October 2012).
Trainings will primarily target the local-level,
government and other local institutions as well
as representatives of the civil society. Trainings
will be organised in one of coastal municipalities.
Additionally, the same trainings could be
organised in Podgorica as well, for
representatives of the national government and
other national institutions based in Podgorica.
Training materials will be provided by PAP/RAC.
Depending on the funds available in the later
stages of the project and as part of individual
activities, the additional theme-specific trainings
(e.g. GIS, SEA, suitability assessment, NATURA
2000, etc.) could be organised for
representatives of national/local administrations
as well as national members of the team.
Module 2: Green Entrepreneurship
In the scope of the Antenna’s project realisation
aimed at GRECO initiative dissemination, the
Report on Green Entrepreneurship has been
prepared and presented at the national
Workshop. CP/RAC has supported national
authorities in assessing, evaluating and
proposing priorities for further actions.
Apart of the promotion and selection of certain
Cleaner production techniques, the GRECO
initiative implementation in Montenegro is
based on the promotion and awareness raising
of introduction of green entrepreneurship
initiatives.
A report on Green Entrepreneurship in
Montenegro provides relevant information on
the opportunities and challenges for green
entrepreneurship, as well as the selection of the
sectors that are found to be appropriate for
implementation of the case studies of green
entrepreneurs providing environmental,
economic and social values integration.
At the same time, an intention is to identify the
possibilities how Green Entrepreneurship can
support successful initiatives at the local level
with the aim to contribute to the sustainable
development of the local communities in
Montenegrin coastal zone.
In this regard, the CAMP Montenegro will
support such an approach through the
organisation of the training and awareness
raising activities on the possibilities to
49
implement Green Entrepreneurship at the local
level, as a tool to support integrated coastal
zone management of Montenegrin coastal area.
Some of the issues that will be addressed are as
follows:
� What are the public policies and initiatives to
foster transition to green economy in
Montenegro? How international programmes
(UNEP’s Green Economy) or National
programmes can be transferred at the local
level of action? Are there any current
initiatives, projects and programmes to
promote green entrepreneurship?
� Is there an “official” definition of Green
Entrepreneurship in Montenegro? Is there a
relevant decision of the Government on
Green Economy and Green Entrepreneurship
implementation in Montenegro, including the
orientations of tourism businesses towards
ecotourism?
� What is the social perception on the concept
of Green Entrepreneurship and Green
Economy: Civil Society (NGOs, etc.), Business
institutions, Academia?
At the same time, the aim is to present
experiences with the implementation of the
Green Entrepreneurship Initiatives over the
Mediterranean region and to identify the most
relevant modalities to be tested in some local
communities in Montenegrin coastal area.
In preparing the Workshop and related training
programmes, the assessment of the needs and
opportunities to support Green
Entrepreneurship at the local level in
Montenegrin coastal area will be developed. In
identifying the Green Entrepreneurship needs
and opportunities, the most relevant issues will
be elaborated in the Pilot project on testing the
ECAP application in Boka Kotorska Bay, including
the green tourism possibilities.
The Green Entrepreneurship workshop will be
organised in the second quarter of 2013.
Module 3: ECAP application
The Convention on Biological Diversity has called
the ecosystem approach “a strategy for
integrated management of land, water and
living resources that promotes conservation and
sustainable use in an equitable way.” There is no
single correct way to apply the ecosystem
approach to management of land, water, and
living resources. The principles that underline
the ecosystem approach can be translated
flexibly to address management issues in
different social, economic and environmental
contexts.
IUCN adds to that description the idea that the
ecosystem approach places human needs at the
centre of biodiversity management. It aims to
manage the ecosystem, based on the multiple
functions that ecosystems perform and the
multiple uses that are made of these functions.
The ecosystem approach does not aim for short-
term economic gains, but aims to optimize the
use of an ecosystem without damaging it. In this
sense, the ecosystem approach “stands at the
meeting point of sustainable ecosystem
management and enhanced livelihood security”
and has the potential to bring conservation and
development concerns into a more
complementary relationship.
Similarly, the United Nations Division for Ocean
Affairs and the Law of the Sea (DOALOS) has said
that “While there is no single internationally
agreed-upon ecosystem approach or definition of
an 'ecosystem approach' the concept is generally
understood to encompass the management of
human activities, based on the best
understanding of the ecological interactions and
processes, so as to ensure that ecosystems’
structures and functions are sustained for the
benefit of present and future generations.”
DOALOS notes that the concept “builds on a
number of existing tools and approaches, such as
integrated coastal and ocean management, with
greater emphasis on ecosystem goals and
objectives.”
50
Any discussion of planning and implementing the
ecosystem approach leads inevitably to
considerations of cost. At a time when
government agencies are facing enormous
budgetary challenges, decisions about the
allocation of scarce public resources have
become even more challenging.
Following the decisions of the Contracting
Parties to the Barcelona Convention on ECAP,
the challenge to implement the Roadmap for the
implementation of the Ecosystem Approach in
the Mediterranean will be supported by the
CAMP Montenegro by having the training
activities and pilot case assessment on
implementing the ECAP at the selected location
in the Montenegrin coastal zone that is Boka
Kotorska Bay.
The training will be focused on introducing the
ECAP in integrated coastal zone management
policy and building the capacities of the relevant
decision makers at the local/national level,
scientific and public institutions, with
participation of other relevant stakeholders.
The following topics will create the core set of
the training activities:
� Steps to implementing ECAP;
� The economics of the ECAP;
� The links of the ECAP with the ICZM;
� ECAP and adaptive measures for the
biodiversity and ecosystems protection that
are to be defined in adaptation strategies for
the key sectors;
� Opportunities for the ECAP implementation
in Montenegro;
� Plans to implement ECAP in the Adriatic sub-
region and its relation with the
implementation of the MSFD in the Adriatic;
� Case studies on implementing the ECAP in the
Mediterranean region and worldwide.
The training activities will be created in a
compatible manner with the project activity that
will be based on the assessment of the
opportunities to plan and apply the ECAP in Boka
Kotorska Bay as the pilot case study to be tested
in Montenegro.
An ECAP workshop to be organised will result
with the issuing of a report which will serve as a
basis to create a pilot case assessment on
implementing the ECAP in Boka Kotorska Bay.
The ECAP workshop will be organised in a first
quarter of 2013, while the pilot case study to
implement ECAP at the selected location in
Montenegro will be developed in the period
January-September 2013.
2.
Public participation
A programme of participative activities for a
broad spectrum of public (local communities,
NGOs, professional institutions, scientists,
researchers and other experts, interested private
companies and other interested public) should
be carefully designed. These activities would
primarily include the organisation of workshops
for getting inputs for the project activities,
agreeing on common goals, vision, objectives,
indicators and expected results as well as the
verification of individual outputs. These
workshops should enable the public to be
actively involved in designing the project and
have the full ownership of its results.
The workshops would be tailor-made around the
main phases of individual activities:
� presentation/consideration of draft sectoral
(baseline) outputs;
� presentation/consideration of vulnerability
assessment results;
� discussing the objectives, indicators and
development scenarios;
� discussing the possible measures for the
ICZM Plan implementation.
It is envisaged that up to five main workshops
would be organised following the dynamics of
the entire process and its phasing. In addition, a
number of smaller scale consultation meetings
with the key stakeholders would be organised as
51
part of the output development and preparation
of the workshops.
Since the key objective of the public
participation process is to ensure that all the
stakeholders are engaged in the formulation of
project activities, setting the vision, goals,
objectives, indicators and in the definition of
expected results, as well as to provide their
active participation in the verification of
individual outcomes, the public participation
process will be extended out of several main
workshops depending on the availability of
financial sources. Having the core set of
stakeholder inputs incorporated in the baseline
studies formulation through the workshop
organisation, it would be important to create an
iterative process of stakeholder participation in
formulating the ICZM Plan. Therefore, the
methodology to present to and to collect the
relevant guidelines and directions from a broad
spectrum of stakeholders, and to provide expert
evaluation of stakeholders contribution, will be
developed following the best public participation
experience and positive examples, as it was the
case with the process of the NSSD development.
A co-ordinator of the public participation would
be selected among the competent
representatives of the civil society, NGOs and
expert level stakeholders. The public
participation would be led in communication
with and under the supervision of the CAMP Co-
ordinating Team.
In order not to duplicate the efforts and
expenses, as well as to avoid confusion with the
local communities, the workshops will be
organised jointly with the activities related to
the preparation of the National Strategy on
ICZM.
A more detailed plan of participatory activities will
be designed in the implementation phase of the
project and approved by the Steering Committee.
The final workshop is envisaged to present the
overall project results.
3.
Awareness raising campaign
In parallel with the organisation of individual
activities, a series of awareness raising initiatives
will take place. The focus should be on targeting
different media and organising small-scale
activities that could motivate and engage
different groups of society. Preferably, a
partnership with an NGO could take place in
order to undertake the appropriate activities.
The central event in the campaign should be
organisation of the yearly (2012, 2013) Coast
Day celebrations. The focus of the Coast Day
would be on the implementation of the ICZM
Protocol in Montenegro designed in such a way
to address the general public. It should include
the activities tackling decision-makers but also
with a special subset of activities for youth
and/or targeted society groups. The organisation
of the national Coast Day events would link the
Project awareness-raising activities with the
ongoing initiatives in the Mediterranean.
As in all of the awareness raising activities, the
key promotional materials should be produced,
including the web-site, a brochure and a poster.
If necessary, more specific materials could be
produced.
The key objectives are to:
� raise awareness of the importance of
sustainable management in the coastal area;
� emphasise values and the fragility of coastal
ecosystems and natural resources; and
� promote the ICZM Protocol and the
respective Barcelona Convention Protocols,
and decrease resistance to some ICZM
instruments that could be perceived as an
obstacle to development.
Actions to be implemented:
� design and execution of an awareness-raising
campaign through media and possibly NGOs,
websites of relevant institutions and
organisations, publications, etc.; the
52
campaign will focus on the implementation of
the ICZM Protocol and will address the
general population, with a special subset of
activities for youth;
� organisation of the Coast Day Montenegro
event, to link the Project awareness-raising
activities with the on-going initiatives in the
Mediterranean;
� setting up of the CAMP Montenegro website.
The main outputs of these activities include:
� training reports with power-point
presentations and other materials used, lists
of participants, training conclusions (lessons
learned) and recommendations for further
actions;
� workshop reports and stakeholders
contribution in formulating the ICZM Plan
and Strategy by applying the methodology for
creating and leading the public participation
process that is previously agreed and
approved;
� media reports, advertisements, information
on the coastal area, promotional materials
and publications (such as a leaflet, a
brochure); possibly, the NGO led promotional
activities and events organised to promote
ICZM and coastal area values; the CAMP
Montenegro website (in Montenegrin and
English).
53
AnnexII:
TechnicalSpecificationsfortheassessmentofthenaturebased
assetintheprocessofpreparationoftheICZMPlanand
StrategyofMontenegro
These deliverables should be used as inputs for
the preparation of vulnerability assessments, the
ICZM Plan/Strategy and the SEA process and can
also be used for the preparation of the CASP.
With regards to the latter, it should be noted
that these studies do not present all the baseline
studies necessary for the preparation of the
CASP and therefore are subject to CASP
preparation. These assessments, as all others,
necessary within the ICZM Plan / ICZM Strategy
preparation process, should be the subject of a
widespread consultation and verification with
national and local stakeholders. The
Plan/Strategy should be approved by the Project
Steering Committee.
The first step in the process of developing the
ICZM Plan and Strategy will be to undertake the
analysis of the main coastal natural values,
processes and impacts on the coastal zone. The
analysis of biodiversity and nature protection,
hydrological, hydrogeological, littoral features
and processes and natural risks will be one of
the most important tasks. More specifically,
inputs covered with this ToR include:
1. Biodiversity and nature protection analysis;
2. Hydrological analysis and the analysis of
water quality;
3. Hydrogeological analysis;
4. Analysis of coastal processes and erosion;
5. Analysis of natural risks in the coastal area of
Montenegro.
Inputs covered with this ToR refer mainly to the
work in the four coastal municipalities: Herceg
Novi, Kotor, Tivat and Budva. However, the
analysis undertaken for the municipalities of
Bar and Ulcinj in the framework of the
MedPartnership project should be integrated
with all the outputs produced under this ToR.
The main objectives of the tasks covered within
this ToR are to:
� explain the main features and values of
coastal hydrological and hydrogeological
ecosystems and processes;
� explain the key natural and human induced
impacts to the natural processes and
ecosystems, including the dependence and
impacts of climatic variability and natural
risks; indicate the root causes of these
impacts and projections of possible
consequences;
� propose measures to reduce/mitigate
impacts in accordance with the projection of
the actual and possible causes and
consequences;
� contribute to the overall coastal GIS
database.
The activities are aimed at the realisation of the
four main groups of tasks:
� analysis/characterisation of the key coastal
ecosystems, coastal processes and natural
risks;
� identification of the key pressures (with the
root causes of these pressures) to these
systems;
� proposals of future trends of changes taking
place;
� proposal of measures to mitigate these
pressures.
54
1.
Biodiversity and nature protection
Activities to be realised include:
� Analysis of the key habitat types (rare and
threatened in particular), existing and
planned protected areas as well as the key
valuable and threatened species, with their
spatial (cartographic) distribution. The
analysis will be done mainly using the existing
data (CORINE) and will benefit from the
SPA/RAC field surveys undertaken in the
frame of the MedMPAnet project for the
creation of a network of MPAs where
necessary;
� Assess the type and cause of threats to the
coastal biodiversity and nature protection,
with indication of trends and areas under
particular impacts;
� Based on these assessments, propose priority
areas for the protection, as well as measures
for mitigating the pressures;
� Identify national priorities in terms of
biodiversity and nature protection;
� Provide maps with important habitats
(possibly with species), proposed protected
areas and threatened areas, in order to be
usable for the vulnerability assessment and
GIS data base.
2.
Hydrology with water quality
Activities to be realised include:
� Based on existing information, describe the
hydrological regime of the coastal area,
including the present status and trends.
� Description of the situation and estimation of
the trends with regard to water quality of the
river and marine (coastal waters) system, by
focusing also on the hot spot pollution
impacts, including health impacts and threats
to marine ecosystem; particular focus should
be on bathing water quality;
� Description and trends of the main pressures
(including the root causes of those
pressures); estimation of pressures on
quantitative water use and estimation of the
trends from the major pollution sources
(including its spatial distribution presented in
a GIS usable format);
� Analyse and describe the flood mechanism
and other human interference with the
system, including those causing erosion;
� Based on the projection of the actual and
possible trends, causes and consequences,
identify and propose measures that are
needed to be undertaken (taking into account
the relevant national legislation, as well as
the obligations according to relevant
international treaties (e.g. the Barcelona
Convention, the Helsinki/Water Convention)
and the EU acquis (e.g. MFD,WFD);
� Provide maps of the river system with its
main physical characteristics (in-takes,
discharges, etc.) and pressures, in order to be
usable for the vulnerability assessment and
GIS data base.
3.
Hydrogeology
The main objective of this activity is to
demonstrate integration of coastal aquifers
issues in the ICZM Strategy/Plan.
� Based on the existing data (and modelling),
describe the hydrogeological regime of the
coastal area, elaborating the present status
and trends;
� Identify the main pressures, threats and
vulnerability issues (quantity/quality);
indicate the root causes of those pressures,
pointing out the correlation between the
climate change scenarios and the status of
coastal aquifers;
� Identify national priorities for the sustainable
management of coastal aquifers;
� Make technical, scientific and management
recommendations to overcome the existing
and potential threats to coastal aquifers and
reverse current trends in aquifer degradation,
55
especially pollution impacts and threat it may
cause;
� Provide the related maps that describe the
features (including the quantity and quality of
the aquifers, and the related pressures) of
groundwater in the delta region, in order to
be usable for the vulnerability assessment
and GIS data base.
4.
Littoral processes: analysis of coastal processes
and erosion
The main objective of this activity is to explain
the process of sediment transport along the
selected location in the coastal region of
Montenegro: the Buna-Bojana river and its delta
area and the Boka Kotorska Bay, including the
dependence and impacts of the climatic
variability, human activities and sediment
transfer capacity.
The actions to be realised:
� Define physical features and structures of the
coastal zone, including the interlinks between
the terrestrial, river, coastal and marine
systems;
� Describe the coastal processes, including the
tidal regime and wave exposure;
� Identify the key changes in the coastal zone,
in particular elaborate erosion processes
(coastal - beach, river banks and soil erosion)
and reasons of their occurrences;
� Identify the erosion processes’ impact to the
beach status and management measures;
� Particularly analyse the impact to the regime
of River Bojana/Buna and changes to the
coastal zone to be caused by realisation of
the present plans to build certain
objects/constructions and to realise the
related activities in the project area. Pay
special attention to the identification of the
sediment quantity and quality entering the
Bojana river and delta area;
� Particularly analyse the impact to the status
of Boka Kotorska Bay, including the mapping
of the springs in Boka Kotorska Bay, and
sediment transport on the complex
hydrodynamic processes in the Bay, and
erosion impacts to the ecological status of
the area (e.g. impacts on marine
biodiversity);
� Identify other locations that may be under
threat of the erosion processes impacts;
� Speculate future trends of these changes
taking place that can be used as an input for
scenario development;
� Take into consideration the work of other
related experts in order to clearly point out
interlinks with other sectors and sectoral
studies, in particular those of hydrology and
hydrogeology;
� Fully undertake and integrate the results of
the Study on erosion that is prepared in the
scope of the GEF Bojana/Buna Transboundary
Project;
� Provide a cartographic presentation of the
most relevant erosion phenomena at
selected locations in the coastal are of
Montenegro.
5.
Natural risks: climate change and seismic risks
5.1
Climate change
The main objective of this activity is to
demonstrate integration of climate change
concerns into the ICZM Plan/Strategy by
applying the Methodological guidelines prepared
by PAP/RAC. The National Communication by
Montenegro to the UNFCC should be the main
source of information in providing the national
level estimates of the main impacts in terms of
temperature increase, sea level rise,
precipitation and extreme events.
Actions to be realised:
� In the desktop exercise collect data of
relevance to identify the main pressures
from climate variability and change, in
particular with indications where and when
they are likely to be most serious;
56
� Define the main climate drivers that depend
on the existing national and local policies,
such as the policies for water and land
management that are in place or likely to be
introduced;
� Identify the most relevant climate change
problems and issues, indicating the place and
extent of their occurrence in the coastal zone
of Montenegro;
� Identify and predict the climate change risks:
a desk exercise in conjunction with the key
stakeholders and technical experts from
relevant sectors; prediction should be mostly
based on expert judgment of the available
pressures and impacts; determine relevance
of the identified climate change risk to the
ICZM Plan;
� Define the objectives and measures in the
priority areas where action is seen as
required, including the cross sectoral
priorities (e.g. adaptation to climate versus
short-term development imperatives);
� Define indicators that are aligned with the
objectives;
� Present data in appropriate maps in order to
be usable for the vulnerability assessment
and GIS data base.
5.2
Seismic risks
The main objective is to contribute towards the
increased preparedness to the impacts of the
seismic instability by enforcing the related data
set and define the set of measure to contribute
to the effectiveness of the integrated coastal
zone management system of Montenegro.
Actions to be undertaken:
� Collect relevant data in order to make the
assessment of the seismic risks in the coastal
area;
� Identify sectors and areas being most
vulnerable to seismic risks impacts, by using
all relevant sets of data and related
prediction scenarios produced by competent
authorities;
� Analyse seismic risks impacts in order to
define the scenarios and measures to
mitigate the seismic risks impacts ;
� Present data in appropriate maps in order to
be usable for the vulnerability assessment
and GIS data base.
Deliverables:
� Characterisation of the area, including maps
and information on hydrology with water
quality, hydrogeology, littoral processes and
natural risks.
� Elaboration of the key pressures, with the
root causes of those pressures (preferably
using the DPSIR approach).
� Indication of future trends, related to
pressures, in order to develop the relevant
prediction scenarios. Provide maps where
possible.
� Proposals of measures needed.
57
AnnexIII:
TechnicalSpecificationsforthetargetedsocio-economic
analysis
Targeted socio-economic analysis
The aim of this analysis is to obtain an insight
into the key coastal socio-economic processes,
analyse the obstacles related to them and the
potentials for implementation of the integrated
coastal zone management (ICZM) in
Montenegro.
Key tasks of socio-economic analysis are:
� Contribute to development of the socio-
economic profile of the coastal area, through
the analysis of situation and trends as well as
the potentials of coastal development;
� Propose possible measures (and the related
portfolio of possible investment projects)
that can generate sustainable coastal
development;
� Provide guidelines and inputs for developing
a suitability study and assessment of the
carrying capacity in tourism;
� Contribute to development of the coastal GIS
data base.
Expected results
A study of the targeted socio-economic analysis
will be made in such a way as to indicate to and
to describe in a high quality manner the existing
situation but also the trends of the coastal zone
at three basic levels: at the level of the entire
coastal area (six coastal municipalities); at the
level of individual municipalities and groups of
settlements; and in the context of the relation of
the coastal area with the rest of the state.
An important part of the study is the analysis of
the key developmental opportunities and the
potentials of the coastal area, but also the
developmental obstacles and other socio-
economic constraints. The recommendation is to
use analytical methods which take into account
the socio-cultural, economic, institutional,
political and environmental aspects by
identifying causal relations between human
activities, their impact on coastal ecosystems
and social circumstances and the established
intervention mechanisms for regulating such
relations. The proposed method is the standard
DPSIR (Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response)
method of the analysis of drives, pressures,
state, impact and response to the pressures.
It is important to note that the study should
include the analysis of differences within the
coastal area (between municipalities and/or
groups of settlements) in terms of concentration
and structure of economic activities, available
natural resources and products; import and
export potentials and achievements, etc.
Among other things, the study should include:
i) Socio-economic analysis of the current situation
and trends – particularly:
� The population of the coastal area and
population growth. Urban-rural population
growth. Migratory flows. The age structure of
the population. Disparities in rural and urban
areas. Living standards. Overall comparisons
at the country level. Calculation of a
demographic index.
� General characteristics of the productive
sectors of the economy in the coastal area,
including a brief assessment of the role of the
area within the national economy. Main
resources of wider significance with potential
for future development and products. Levels
58
of production and employment per economic
sectors, imports and exports, dependency on
inflows from the rest of the country.
� The size and growth of the labour force of the
coastal area compared to national situations.
Employment structure and growth. Income
levels – primary and supplementary incomes.
� Levels of performance and adequacy of social
services and technical infrastructure.
� Urban centres and settlements - size, growth
patterns, system and hierarchy of
settlements.
� Public and private sector investment
practices and potentials in key economic
sectors, with special reference to tourism.
Socio-economic impacts of tourism and
residential tourism.
� Existing policies, plans and programmes of
social and economic development of the
coastal region.
ii) Elaboration of coastal constraints and
possibilities – particularly:
� A brief description of the characteristics of
the natural container – i.e. mountainous
terrain and climate which may isolate the
coastal region from surrounding areas, limits
development of certain productive activities,
limits communication among the various
settlements, etc.;
� Problems inhibiting the growth of sectors and
economic activities:
� Adequacy of transport infrastructure, which
accentuates above problems;
� Available resources for the development of
agriculture and manufacturing;
� Control of coastal development, in particular
tourism and residential tourism
development;
� Limitations in infrastructure (electricity,
telecommunications, water, etc.), which
inhibits development in some areas;
� Outmigration;
� Technological development, skills and know-
how.
iii) Proposal of measures (and the portfolio of
possible investment projects) that might drive
sustainable coastal development;
iv) Cartographic presentations, particularly in
relation to demographic potential.
As an additional contribution to socio-economic
analysis of the situation in the coastal area, a
research is proposed to deal in more detail with
two important topics:
i) Demographic (population) potential as a
synthetic indicator of the situation of
demographic resources which can be useful
in assessing realistic prospects of the future
development projects, i.e. in planning and
reserving the space for the projects; and
ii) Impact of residential tourism to the local
socio-economic circumstances.
The above-listed analyses are particularly
important for the elaboration of the carrying
capacity concept.
The outputs and implementation timeline shall
be as follows:
Outputs Deadline
1. Description of the situation 20 May 2012
2. Demographic potential 30 May 2012
3. Analysis of opportunities and pressures 10 June 2012
4. Impact of residential tourism 1 July 2012
4. Protection measures 30 August 2012
5. Final report November 2012
59
AnnexIV:
Technicalspecificationsforcoastalvulnerability,attractiveness
andsuitabilityassessment
Objectivesoftheactivity
The main objectives of the activity are:
� to support the preparation of the Coastal
Area Spatial Plan - CASP (as part of the ICZM
Plan preparation);
� to evaluate the vulnerability, attractiveness
and suitability of the CAMP area (six coastal
municipalities) in accordance with the
methodology proposed by the PAP/RAC. A
general assessment of the entire CAMP area
shall be performed, focusing on obtaining
objective criteria for deciding on the site of a
specific territorial intervention and determine
impacts associated to different activities/land
use(s);
� to prepare proposals to facilitate decision-
making with respect to the prioritised
problems, above all by identification of areas
with conservation or development priority,
optimization of land use and preparation of
guidelines for technological improvements of
activities/land use(s) in a way to enlarge
effectiveness and mitigate environmental
impacts.
Specific attention could be given at:
� the identification of values in specific areas such
as parts of a narrow coastal zone (within the
setback zone), areas of valuable ecosystems,
areas with planning dilemmas, alternatives or
conflicts, areas with investment pressure,
including tourism opportunity areas;
� the Identification of those areas where the
installation of topical activities/land use,
including possible new activities/technologies
(such as wind farms or solar energy facilities,
greenhouses) would be the most suitable.
However, the latter would depend on specific
needs/requirements and in particular on actual
possibilities and technical capacities.
Detaileddescriptionofactivities
Preparation of the suitability assessment shall be
implemented in the following stages:
1.
Preparatory stage
a) Preparing a detailed determination of the
methodology
A framework of the project should be done
including:
� adaptation of the PAP/RAC methodology to
the project;
� vision on how to prepare the project
(schematic diagram might be useful);
� a detailed timetable, including the workshops
and meetings (with stakeholders, public
authorities, other teams);
� a preliminary table of contents;
� a detailed team meeting dynamics.
b) Determination of scale of the project and
considering variables of the study
� the activities/land use(s) that should be
analysed (see also the Data gathering stage:
Compilation of information);
� the environmental components that might be
analysed (see also Vulnerability modelling
stage: Definition of concerned environmental
components);
� that result has to be useful for whole CAMP
area and within special areas as well.
60
2.
Data gathering stage
a) Gathering of basic environmental data
These data include cartographic maps, geology,
relief, land cover, hydrographical network, etc.
b) Compilation of information
Information to be compiled include information
on the planning of uses, proposed projects and
measures, studying territorial planning schemes,
results of sectorial projects and obtaining maps
of problems drawn up by the sectoral
teams/experts.
Workshops/interviews with other experts,
responsible planners, territorial managers and
the main stakeholders (promoters) can be used
to collect information. The final list of planned
activities/land use(s) has to be harmonised with
those for preparing the Coastal Area Spatial Plan.
c) Selection/improvement of the software and
preparation of databases (together with a GIS
expert)
Definition of an environmental unit for
assessment. The team should use the software it
is used to. The software should enable:
� structuring of the area into homogenous
spatial units - cells (usually used in the
analysis like that, but not obligatory) or
polygons;
� annotating values to these homogenous
units;
� calculating values from different layers, for
example as: a) Linear models that combine
individual vulnerability classes according to
some linear function, such as addition; b)
Logic rules (sieve-mapping, adoption of
minimum/maximum value, frequency of
value class, etc.); c) Direct combination of
indicators using reduction matrices (showing
which combination of physical circumstances
will cause more pronounced influences).
3.
Vulnerability modelling stage
Scoping
a) Definition of concerned environmental
components.
A number of typologies of environmental
components can be found – the team should
apply one which is most suitable to the area and
problems dealing with. It is advised to use
environmental components defined in the SEA
law (A Law on Strategic Environmental
Assessment, Off. Gazette of the Republic of
Montenegro, No. 80/05 of 28.12.2005) (such as
water, nature and biodiversity, land use, cultural
heritage, landscape, human health, etc.).
b) Elaboration of a hypothesis on the
interrelationships between activities and the
landscape.
According to the definition, vulnerability is not
intrinsic to environment, but can only be defined
in relation to potential intervention. Each activity
(from the list of planned activities or land uses
that will be taken into consideration) should be
described in terms of its technology and actions
needed for its operation. The interaction of
environment and proposed activity should be
analysed to determine the causal relation and to
identify the potential negative impacts. A result
should be identification of impacts – a list of
vulnerability models. Preparation of the interaction
(or impact) matrix is very useful. It involves the
testing subcomponents of an action (intervention)
against a set of environmental components.
Conceptualization
c) Definition of vulnerability concept for each model5
and definition of criteria
The main question of the Vulnerability
Assessment is "Where the affect of singular land
5 Each model is prepared for each environmental
component.
61
uses or object would cause less/more impact?".
The model must answer the question: "Which
characteristic of the environment will affect the
size of the impact and in what way?". The size of
the impact should depend:
� on the extent of the expected change; and
� on the quality of the affected environment.
d) Identification of indicators / data sets
Selection of data that describe the vulnerability
criteria.
Evaluation
e) Evaluation of vulnerability for each model
The size of the impacts should be determined
according to impact indicators (data) values in
every spatial unit (cell). Vulnerability is
expressed in a chosen measurement unit and
ascribed to each cell. It can be interpreted as the
extent of the expected impact in this spatial unit
in case of realisation of the proposed
intervention.
f) Synthesis
Aggregation of individual models. The analytical
part of the vulnerability assessment results in a
number of models, describing the relatively
homogeneous and commendable parts of the
problem. The use of the vulnerability assessment
in decision-making processes requires that
information is provided in a more synthetic,
ready to interpret way. Therefore, some kind of
synthesis of the results (looking at environment
as a whole) should be prepared.
Note: The vulnerability modelling stage should
be done together with experts preparing sector
studies, in particular in terms of identification of
indicators and evaluation criteria.
4.
Attractiveness modelling phase
Conceptualization
a) Definition of attractiveness concept for each
model and definition of criteria
The analysis of attractiveness should imply an
aspect of suitability, which emphasises
functional, technical and investment criteria of
suitability of a site for specific use. The model of
attractiveness should present positioning of a
particular use or programme in such a way that
its optimal operation can be ensured.
b) Identification of indicators/data sets
Physical features should be confronted with
criteria for establishing attractiveness, with the
latter being devised from norms and standards
for physical development and conditions
emerging from natural properties and present
use of the area.
Evaluation
c) Evaluation of attractiveness for each model
Each category of particular data should be given
a grade from a scale of values between two
poles of attractiveness.
d) Synthesis
Aggregation of individual models (option,
dependent on problem dealing with: in case of
building a complex model with partial (simple)
model).
5.
Suitability modelling phase
a) Definition of suitability concept
Confrontation of two main groups of goals:
� protection goals, defined by a wider interest
for preservation of environmental qualities
(from the vulnerability analysis); and
62
� development goals, defined by a dedicated
interest for spatial changes (from the
attractiveness analysis).
b) Evaluation of suitability
Preparing joint models using results from the
attractiveness and vulnerability models. Working
on/with different scenarios might be an issue
(together with spatial planners preparing the
Coastal Area Spatial Plan, experts preparing
sectoral studies and experts preparing the
Strategic Environmental Assessment).
6.
Interpretation of results and conclusions stage
a) Development of guidelines, proposals or
alternatives for integrated planning and
management (cartography and texts)
The above includes:
� proposals for distribution of land uses;
� general guidelines;
� detailed guidelines for specific environmental
components, activities and areas.
63
AnnexV:
ThePilotProjectonTestingtheECAPapplicationinBoka
KotorskaBay,withspecialreferencetoeutrophicationstatus,
ecosystemvaluationandGreenEntrepreneurship
1.
The ecosystem approach
The Convention on Biological Diversity has called
the ecosystem approach “a strategy for
integrated management of land, water and
living resources that promotes conservation and
sustainable use in an equitable way.” There is no
single correct way to apply the ecosystem
approach (ECAP) to management of land, water,
and living resources. The principles that
underline the ecosystem approach can be
translated flexibly to address management
issues in different social, economic and
environmental contexts.
Currently, MAP is undertaking a programme for
providing support to the Barcelona Convention
for the implementation of the ecosystem
approach. The implementation of the road map
for the application of the ECAP to the
management of human activities is on-going.
Three of the seven first steps identified to
implement the road map until July 2012 have
already been completed. The ecological vision
for the Mediterranean and the common
strategic goals have been defined and an Initial
Assessment has been prepared. The
identification of important ecosystem properties
and assignment of the ecological status and
pressures have been discussed. Thus, the
preparation of the initial assessment document
has been undertaken by a group of experts
(national and international experts with support
of the MAP components). Furthermore, a set of
11 ecological objectives corresponding to the
vision and strategic goals of the ecosystem
approach and the derivation of operational
objectives with indicators and target levels have
also been prepared and approved by the 17th
Ordinary Meeting of the Contracting Parties to
the Barcelona Convention (Paris, February 2012).
In addition, the MED POL Phase IV, as approved
by the 14th Ordinary Meeting of the Contracting
Parties to the Barcelona Convention (Portoroz,
December 2005), envisages that the ecosystem
approach to the management of human
activities that may affect the marine and coastal
environment will be adopted and implemented
by the countries. The eutrophication monitoring
strategy is a functional tool to manage nutrient
loads from point and diffuse sources but does
not really take into account the ecosystem
sensitivity and indirect effects. With the new
approach, monitoring programmes will have to
be reviewed to integrate water quality
monitoring and biological monitoring. Ecological
indices integrating community structure and
system functioning will gain more importance
(de Jonge et al., 2006). Therefore,
eutrophication monitoring will be an integral
part of the new integrated monitoring
programme of MAP in line with the Ecosystem
Approach, including all necessary indicators
(chemical and biological). These ideas should be
promoted in the medium and long-term strategy
for eutrophication. Therefore, it is necessary to
have eutrophication monitoring that is
integrated into the Ecosystem Approach (ECAP)
application as well.
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2.
Boka Kotorska Bay – the status and needs
The eutrophication occurs when there is a
continuous input of nutrients, because the
buffering mechanisms have a limited capacity
and when this is overcome, the ecosystem
begins to change its organisation in terms of
ecological structure and functions; the chemistry
and biology of sediments also change.
Eutrophication effects in sediments follow a
distribution that is dependent on the organic
matter sedimentation process. This means that
eutrophication’s first effects have a different
geographical distribution even within the same
bay or coastline that is not necessarily related to
the distance from the sources. Wherever in a
coastal ecosystem eutrophication occurs, it is
important to ascertain the hot spot zones (refer
also to the Revision of Sediment Monitoring
Strategy of MED POL, UNEP(DEC)/MED
WG.282/Inf.5).
The perception of eutrophication is different if
we look at marine ecosystems of different
depths. In the shallow and medium depth
ecosystems the benthic community could be
directly affected. In deep waters, since a
complete mineralization occurs in the water
column, the bottom community is unlikely to be
affected. At the same, the indirect effects to
bottom community, such as the depletion of
dissolved oxygen, are to be taken into account.
This general model of eutrophication must be
kept in mind when deciding the general
monitoring strategy, parameters and state
indicators.
Specific location of Boka Kotorska Bay in the
Adriatic Sea makes it a very interesting and
specific area. That specificity is conditioned
primarily by characteristic geographical location
of the bay, as well as by its complex
geomorphology, giving the area a special mark
from the abiotic point of view. Besides the
complex of abiotic factors, specific living world
gives the additional complex biotic component,
making it the area with larger number of specific
habitat conditions or biotops. The sea enters
deeply into land (a unique fiord with the
Mediterranean climate) with the total coast
length of 105.5 km and with the total area of
around 36 km2.
The interior part of the Bay from the Verige
channel (Risan and Kotor Bay) is included into
UNESCO’s list of World cultural and natural
heritage by the decision of the World Heritage
Committee. The Boka Kotorska Bay is the area of
the highest importance for tourism development
and maritime activities.
From the geographic and oceanographic point,
Boka Kotorska Bay represents a closed pool with
specific climatologic, hydrologic and
hydrographic characteristics conditioning great
annual, seasonal, monthly and daily changes of
physical and oceanographic parameters of the
sea, so that the determination of legality of
some changes and processes is very complex.
Communication of the Bay with the open part of
the Adriatic Sea happens through the Cape Ostra
– Cape Miriste passage. According to its
geographical and hydrographic features, the
whole Bay may be divided into three parts:
� Kotor-Risan Bay, detached from the rest of
the Bay by Verige Cape;
� Tivat Bay, detached from the rest of the bay
by Verige and Kumbor Capes; and
� Herceg Novi Bay, detached from the rest of
the Bay by Kumbor Cape, and from the open
sea by coupling of Ostra and Miriste Capes.
When the eutrophication occurs, it comes to a
burst of algal bloom and emerging red and
yellow tides, and sometimes is followed by a
massive growth of underwater and floating
macrophytes. Also, sometimes visible bacterial
mucilaginous substances are formed which
additionally complicate these phenomena.
Defining the basic hydrographic and biological
parameters by well-known methodologies may
lead to the generation of very important
65
information on the state and degree of
eutrophication in this area. Also, the degree of
degradation for this water area, which is
endangered by strange and visible
anthropogenic pollution, can be determined.
As a shallow, semi-closed and medium depth
ecosystem and, Boka Kotorska Bay is affected
with by a large number of anthropogenic
impacts. Natural conditions determine a low
degree of the seawater exchange between inside
the Boka Kotorska Bay aquatorium and the open
see area. At the same time, there is a significant
inflow of fresh water to the Bay sea water,
causing a significant decrease of the salinity. The
national BB and NDA reports that are prepared
in the framework of the National Action Plan for
LBS pollution reduction indicated relatively high
pollution emissions from the solid waste
disposed in the coastal area and waste waters.
The same study confirmed a high emission level
of heavy metals, mineral oils and PAHs from
Bijela Shipyards and historical pollution in some
areas of Tivat. The bio indicators, such as
mussels, and sediment near shipyards, confirm a
high pollution rate. A more precise identification
of the eutrophication impacts on the water of
Boka Kotorska Bay has been done in the scope of
the Technical report on eutrophication of water
of Boka Kotorska Bay – a pilot study was
prepared in 2010 by the Institute for Marine
Biology and Environmental Protection Agency
with support of the MEDPOL programme.
Scientific and other knowledge of ecosystems
have shown that ecosystem health relies on key
interactions among species within an ecosystem.
Removing or damaging certain species can
dramatically affect others and prevent the
ecosystem from providing valued services.
Although ecosystems are resilient, there are
often levels of disturbance, tipping points that, if
exceeded, may make it impossible for an
ecosystem to return to its previous state. These
thresholds are difficult to predict, but can be
avoided through a sound environmental
management.
3.
The elements of the pilot project in Boka
Kotorska Bay – Integration of the ECAP
assessments into ICZM
In January 2008, during the 15th biennial meeting
of the Contracting Parties to the Barcelona
Convention in Almeria, it was decided that a
number of steps would be taken to enable the
implementation of the ECAP in the
Mediterranean.
Following this and further decisions of the
Contracting Parties to the Barcelona Convention
on implementation of the ECAP roadmap, the
challenge to implement the roadmap for the
implementation of ECAP in the Mediterranean
can be supported by the CAMP Montenegro
through training activities and a pilot case
assessment on implementing the ECAP at the
selected location in the Montenegrin coastal
zone – Boka Kotorska Bay.
Any discussion on planning and implementing
the ecosystem approach leads inevitably to
considerations of the costs. Therefore, the pilot
case analysis for eutrophication in Boka Kotorska
Bay that has been realised with the MEDPOL
support in 2010 is to be taken as the main
indication in assessing the human activities
pressures and impacts on the status of the Boka
Kotorska Bay. Following the main indications of
this analysis, it is necessary to provide the
appropriate way for ECAP application through
integrating the eutrophication assessment and
ICZM tools implementation. In this way, so the
measures to improve the state of the
environment would be defined by screening and
defining the appropriate measures to be
implemented in the ecosystem of the Boka
Kotorska Bay.
Three main axes are to be developed within this
pilot:
i. Update of the Eutrophication impact
assessment and related training activities;
66
i.ii. Assessment of nutrient inputs in the area
from point and diffuse sources;
ii.iii. Elaboration of the key marine ecosystems,
as a frame for the ecosystem valuation;
iii.iv. Proposing green entrepreneurship
modalities that may contribute to the
improvement of the marine ecosystem
status with related training activities.
The workshops/trainings will be organised in the
first quarter of 2013, while the pilot case study
to implement ECAP will be developed in the
period January-September 2013.
The results of the pilot case study would be
integrated in the ICZM Plan to provide lessons
learned and give guidance for the future project
implementation.
3.1.
Eutrophication impact assessment (MEDPOL)
The core element of this axis would be
organisation of a capacity building training that
will provide inputs for the assessment of the
needs and opportunities for the ECAP
implementation in Boka Kotorska Bay. This
assessment, mainly based on the concepts of
eutrophication reduction, will detail the general
concept of the pilot project and define
integration of other elements (axis) within as
well as integration of its findings into the ICZM
Plan. Under the pilot case study, Montenegro
will be assisted and trained to test a model for
the calculation of nutrient inputs to the area
from diffuse sources and update NBB with
regard to that area. On this basis, management
recommendations will be made to reduce
pollution inputs.
Training activities
The training will be focused on introducing the
ECAP in integrated coastal zone management
policy and building the capacities of the relevant
decision makers at the local/national level, and
scientific and public institutions, with
participation of other interested sides.
The following topics will create the core set of
the training activities:
� steps to implementing ECAP;
� the economics of the ECAP;
� the links of the ECAP with the ICZM;
� ECAP and adaptive measures for biodiversity
and ecosystems protection that are to be
defined in adaptation strategies for the key
sectors;
� opportunities for ECAP implementation in
Montenegro;
� plans to implement ECAP in the Adriatic sub-
region and its relation with the
implementation of the MSFD in the Adriatic;
� case studies on implementing the ECAP in the
Mediterranean region and worldwide.
The training activities will be created in a
compatible manner with the project activity that
will be based on the assessment of the
opportunities to plan and apply the ECAP in Boka
Kotorska Bay as the pilot case study to be tested
in Montenegro.
The MEDPOL contribution envisaged for the
training is 4,000 Euro .
The assessment
The assessment of the needs and opportunities
for the ECAP implementation in Boka Kotorska
Bay will be prepared in parallel with the
Workshop organisation, and by integrating the
Workshop report findings. At the same time, this
assessment will be based on the methodologies
and directions defined in the relevant
UNEP/MAP documents and decisions of the
Contracting Parties, as well as the NAPs on the
SAP BIO and SAP MED implementation in
Montenegro. The integral elements that have to
be taken into account when assessing the ECAP
implementation are measures related to the
reduction of the eutrophic impacts to Boka
Kotorska Bay, especially by following the needs
67
that are identified with the eutrophic analysis
that was done in 2010.
The intention is also to create such a pilot study
that will provide valuable inputs for testing the
ECAP implementation in the Mediterranean
region, and the Adriatic as its sub-region.
The MEDPOL contribution envisaged for the
assessment is 10,000 Euro. This will be done by
supporting the national team of the CAMP to
assess the nutrient inputs in the area from the
point and diffuse sources, and prepare a plan of
recommendations related to programmes and
measures to reduce pollution.
3.2
Key marine ecosystems (SPA/RAC)
ECAP has been promoted as a tool aiming at
improving the way human activities are
managed for the protection of the marine
environment. However, to ensure the
sustainability of the exploitation of marine goods
and services, it is necessary to evaluate the
existing marine ecosystems, especially in the
context of their role in producing resources.
As part of the pilot project it is proposed to
undertake:
� assessment of the key marine ecosystems
(their main types and characteristics);and
� evaluation of their benefits, in terms of
ecological service they provide and its
attractiveness for economic activities.
With these activities it is expected to establish
links with the requirements of the Barcelona
Convention and its related Protocols, as well as
with the requirements of the Marine Strategy
Framework Directive.
3.3
The green entrepreneurship (CP/RAC)
By having the significant impact of
anthropogenic factors on the status of marine
ecosystems, the green economy tools, especially
the green entrepreneurship, can be a relevant
concept that may contribute in improving the
state of the Boka Kotorska Bay ecosystem.
The CP/RAC activities in the CAMP Montenegro
are in line with, and based on the already
existing project on green entrepreneurship in
Montenegro. Within this project, a report on
Green Entrepreneurship in Montenegro has
been prepared. The report provides relevant
information on the opportunities and challenges
for the green entrepreneurship in Montenegro,
as well as the selection of the sectors that are
found to be appropriate for the implementation
of the case studies of green entrepreneurs
providing the environmental, economic and
social values integration.
Following the conclusion of this report, it is
proposed to organise training activities on green
entrepreneurship and to prepare a report that
would elaborate the practical application of the
green entrepreneurship as one of the measures
within the ICZM Plan. The budget of 10,000 Euro
has been envisaged for the implementation of
these activities.
In addition, there is a proposal that CP/RC
contributes to a new activity (with the additional
budget) on implementation of the green
entrepreneurship, as part of the pilot project in
Boka Kotorska Bay.
Training activities
In this regard, the CAMP Montenegro will
support such an approach through the
organisation of the training and awareness
raising activities on the possibilities to
implement the Green Entrepreneurship at the
local level.
Some of the issues that will be addressed are as
follows:
� Is there an “official” definition of the Green
Entrepreneurship in Montenegro? Is there a
relevant decision of the Government on
68
Green Economy and Green Entrepreneurship
implementation in Montenegro?
� What are the public policies and initiatives to
foster transition of the green economy in
Montenegro? How international programmes
(UNEP’s Green Economy and Blue Economy)
or National programmes can be transferred
to the local level of action? Are there any
current initiatives, projects and programmes
to promote the green entrepreneurship?
� What is the social perception of the concept
of the Green Entrepreneurship and Green
Economy: Civil Society (NGOs, etc.), Business
institutions, Academia?
At the same time, the aim is to present the
experience on implementation of the Green
Entrepreneurship Initiatives over the
Mediterranean region and to identify what the
practical cases of the green entrepreneurship in
Montenegro could be and to explore how these
could be realised.
The Green Entrepreneurship workshop will be
organised in 2013, while the Report on
necessary measures needed to support the
implementation of the Green Entrepreneurship
at the local level in the framework of the CAMP
Montenegro will be developed in the period
June-December 2012. The latter will be the
direct contribution to the ICZM Plan.
The Pilot Project on implementing the Green
Entrepreneurship modalities
In order to test the effectiveness of the Green
Entrepreneurship opportunities, a report of
possible GE cases within Boka Kotorska Bay
would be prepared. In creating the pilot project,
the measures required by the Report on ECAP
implementation in Boka Kotorska Bay will be
taken into account. In line with the ECAP
measures, a socio-economic analysis of the
development opportunities of the Boka Kotorska
Bay will be prepared. An integral element of
such an analysis will be identification and
implementation of the micro Green
Entrepreneurship opportunities at a selected
micro location in Boka Kotorska Bay.
In order to meet the local needs, the interactive
consultations with the local population will be
launched. Screening and comparing the status of
the micro level economy opportunities and
needs with the regional and national
development plans, as well as the selection of
the Green Entrepreneurship activities, will be
identified and applied.
The expected outcomes of introducing green
entrepreneurship component into the ECAP pilot
project would be:
� definition of the measures that support ICZM
through the GE modalities implementation;
� validation of the GE modalities contribution
to the local economy development by
developing and monitoring of the relevant
indicators;
� validation of the positive impacts of the GE
modalities in comparison to the existing
economy trends by developing and
monitoring of the relevant indicators;
� validation of the selected GE modalities to
the reduction of the pollution emissions to
the marine ecosystem by developing and
monitoring of the relevant indicators.
4.
Conclusion
Realisation of the project defined as it is
proposed above will enable:
� assessment of pressures from diffuse and
point sources of nutrients in the area of the
Boka Kotorska Bay and update of Assessment
of the status of the marine ecosystems of the
Boka Kotorska Bay, especially by taking into
account the state of the eutrophication
status;
� integration of the ECAP implementation
findings on eutrophication reduction into the
ICZM Plan;
� implementation of the ICZM through
enabling the integration of the best suitable
69
GE modalities that are selected in accordance
with the needs to reduce the eutrophication
rise in order to improve the status of marine
ecosystems by having in mind a good
ecological status of the Boka Kotorska Bay as
one of the key goals of the ECAP
implementation.
The project created in such a way will provide an
appropriate framework for assessing the
environmental status and socio-economic needs
in a manner to enable human activities balancing
in environmentally most suitable manner.
70
AnnexVI:
TechnicalSpecificationfordistributionofthetasksrelatedto
creationofadatabaseandtheindicatorsofthestateofuseand
useofthecoastalareaofMontenegro
In order to ensure the development of the data
base and indicators on the status of use and
intended use of the coastal area of Montenegro,
it is important to establish a co-ordination and
clear allocation of tasks to the two teams –
planners of the Coastal Area Spatial Plan (CASP)
and the Montenegrin CAMP team.
The sources for the implementation of the above
activities are the existing spatial plans of coastal
municipalities, as well as the Spatial Plan of
Montenegro. The land-use plans contained in
these documents will be adapted to the
structure of the required data (for the CASP),
digitalized as needed and converted to the shp
format as well as geo-referenced and connected.
Thus, they will be prepared for the analytical
processing. Since the structure of the land-use
plan of the surfaces of the CASP is not very
detailed, an appropriate less detailed structure
should be adopted. Given the ratio of the
cartographic presentations, a certain level of
generalisation is possible, for example, the
settlements with the total number of 200
inhabitants or with the surface of up to 5 ha can
be presented by a symbol and not by a real
surface (polygon). Surfaces used for transport
and other large infrastructures, apart from large
users like, for example, airports presented by
polygons, are presented by line and point
symbols. Attribute data should denote capacities
(for example, number of beds in tourist zones)
and type of accommodation capacity (for
example, hotel, the state location study) of the
zone with defined purpose of space valorisation
or zones with the adopted detailed plans (for
example the state location studies), as well as
reserve capacities (capacities of undeveloped
zones for which a detailed documentation is not
developed).
It is confirmed that there is a digital topographic
map available as well as air images from 2009.
Overlay check is needed, i.e. check of potential
deviations of the topographic map (that will be
used as a survey for the CASP) and of the
mentioned images. This is important if the
analysis of the floor area ratio of the coastal area
is done on the basis of the air images. An overlay
check is proposed in several locations, as well as
a separate check of the coastline which has to be
common for all analyses and layers of spatial
data and confirmed by the relevant authority.
It is useful to analyse the existing floor area ratio
of the buildable areas from the current plans by
using the air images from 2010 (if there is no
source which would be more recent) by
vectorizing manually the constructed areas on
the basis of the images. It is important also to
have the definition of the constructed areas on
the buildable land. These will be important input
data for the assessment of rationality of
coverage of space in the process of definition of
buildable land required in the Rulebook on more
detailed contents and form of the planning
documents. It is particularly important to make
this precise, at least for the narrow coastal belt
of 500 or 1000 m of width, which would also
facilitate the analysis of the implementation of
Article 8 of the ICZM Protocol. In this analysis it
would be desirable to take into account the
legality of construction to avoid equal
assessment of the value of zones that are legally
71
built and those that are not according to the
data of the relevant institutions.
On the basis of the communication with the
representatives of the Ministry of Sustainable
Development and Tourism the first steps in
establishing the data base are taken It is
confirmed that the MSDT will forward to the
CAMP team all the data it receives from the
CASP planners which are necessary for the
implementation of CAMP.
Activity Responsible team Note
Collecting current spatial plans of coastal municipalities, Spatial Special Purpose Plan for Coastal Area and Spatial Plan of Montenegro
Planner preparing CASP – report and annex with graphics presenting land use
The maps with land use in a digital form (vector) are priority
Collecting the adopted state location studies for possible correction of the land use zones defined in the municipal spatial plans
State location studies are delivered to the CASP planner who will make a critical assessment and propose corrections
Vectorizing into shp format (or conversion from dwg format) and geo-referencing of plans referred to in 1 on the basis of the survey approved by the Ministry as the survey for CASP (25,000)
Survey should include the coastal line adopted by the relevant authority
Establish the criteria of generalization of small polygons for presentation in CASP
This will be done in line with the Rulebook on more detailed contents and form of planning document/criteria for the land use, elements of zoning regulations, unique graphic symbols (defined presentation of the use through point, line and polygon).
Defining categories of land use for CASP
Hierarchical matching of detailed categories of the land uses from the municipal spatial plans and the categories of land use for CASP
Entering attributive data for the types of land use of CASP according to the situation in the current spatial plans of the coastal municipalities and planned capacities of tourism zones
Analysis of the available orto-photo and satellite images in terms of to what extent they are suitable for making a distinction between undeveloped part of the buildable land (in terms of resolution and accuracy of overlay)
The orto-photo images from 2005 and 2007 are available. Representative samples of individual images are necessary
72
Activity Responsible team Note
Vectorisation in shp format and forming the layer with constructed parts of the buildable land (with defined purpose) with a precise coverage of the belt of 200-300 m from the coastal line (suitable to the presentation in the ratio 1:10.000), on the basis of the appropriate image
Agree on the definition of the constructed parts of buildable land
Overlay of the layers with the constructed parts of the buildable land and analysis of the floor area ratio, i.e. establishing the reserves for certain land uses
It is the obligation of the CASPCASP planner to do the overlay of orto-photo images with the existing plans to come to the data that refer to the implementation of the existing spatial planning documentation, but also to recognition and records keeping of informally constructed buildings, settlements, etc. It is also the task of the planner to analyse the data obtained through overlay of these images with the existing plans, as well as to propose the appropriate solutions in line with the goals and principles of the ICZM Protocol.
MAP
U N E P
Coastal Area Management Programme
(CAMP) for Montenegro
CAMP Montenegro
Integrated Coastal Zone Management Strategy for Montenegro
Inception Report
In delivering ICZM as a way for ensuring sustainable use of coastal resources, economic prosperity
and social welfare of coastal populations, PAP/RAC focuses its efforts on providing technical
assistance, guidelines and methodologies for the practical implementation of ICZM in selected
Mediterranean coastal regions through the projects of the MAP Coastal Area Management
Programmes (CAMPs).
Since 1989, several cycles or generations of CAMP projects were implemented in (listed
chronologically, from the past to recent CAMPs): Albania, Croatia, Greece, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey,
Egypt, Israel, Algeria, Lebanon, Malta, Slovenia, Cyprus and Morocco delivering integrated
sustainable development solutions in partnership with national authorities and local communities.
Cultural heritage and protected areas have always been in the core of these projects.
Currently, CAMP Spain is to be completed soon, while CAMP Montenegro is in its full swing and
should be completed next year. Two new projects are being negotiated, namely CAMP France and
CAMP Italy.
All these projects can be considered as a new generation of CAMPs seen as ICZM Protocol
implementation projects at local level, i.e. as prototype interventions to assist countries to
implement the Protocol.