DATA REPORT Sustainable Urban Transport Index (SUTI)

for Asian Cities

Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific

Workshop

on Sustainable Urban Transport Index

Colombo, 30-31 October 2017

Dr. Muhammad Nanang Prayudyanto

Ahmad Faris Saffan Sunarya, MSc.

Name of The City Area (Km2) Population (in

million)

Density

(Pop/km2)

Projection of

20 years

Growth (%)

JAKARTA (CITY) 662,33 10,08 15231,9 0,86

BOGOR REGENCY 2997,13 5,1 1705,8 1,22

BEKASI REGENCY 1269,51 2,81 2219,8 1,22

BOGOR (CITY) 111,73 1,03 9269,9 1,49

BEKASI (CITY) 213,58 2,54 11914,3 1,49

DEPOK (CITY) 199,44 1,89 9500,5 1,49

TANGERANG REGENCY 1011,86 3,13 3101,4 1,59

TANGERANG (CITY) 153,93 2,02 13163,6 1,99

SOUTH TANGERANG

SELATAN (CITY)

147,19 1,45 9876,0 1,99

TOTAL 6766,7 30,1

Greater Jakarta GRDP US$ 108.7 mioContribution to National: 18.48%

Greater Jakarta

Indonesia

Population trend in Metropolitan core and sub-urban areas

Seoul City

M. Manila

0

5

10

15

20

25

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

Population, million

Population, million

Population, million

Population, million

Seoul MA

0

2

4

6

8

10

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

population, million

population, million

population, million

population, million

Bangkok MR

Total

Core-area

Suburb

0

5

10

15

20

1980 1990 2000

population, million

population, million

population, million

population, million

Metro Manila*

Total

suburb

*Study Area of MMUTIS

0

5

10

15

20

25

1980 1990 2000

population, million

population, million

population, million

population, million

Jabotabek

Total

Core

SuburbCore

Total

Core-area

Suburb

� Decentralization of population? 3

Sustainable Urban Transport Index

01Extent to which

transport plans cover public transport, intermodal facilities and infrastructure for active modes

02Modal share of

active and public transport in commuting

03Convenient accessto public transport service

04Public transport

quality and

reliability

05Traffic fatalities per

100.000 inhabitants

06Affordability –

travel costs as part of Income

07Operational costs of the public transport System

08Investment in

public transportation systems .

09Air quality (pm10

concentration) .

10Greenhouse gas

emissions

INDICATOR 1Extent to which transport plans cover public transport, intermodal facilities and infrastructure for

active modes

WALKING

NETWORK

CYCLING

NETWORK

INTERMODAL

TRANSFER

FACILITIES

PUBLIC

TRANSPORT

1

2

3

4

0

1

2

3

4

NO COVERAGENo goals -- No designation -- No budget

LIMITEDVague goal -- Little designation seen in plans --

Small or unclear budget

MIDDLEQualitative goals -- Some designation in 1-2

major areas/corridors -- Some budget

EXTENSIVEQuantitative goals -- Much designation across

city -- increased realistic budget

LEADINGAmbitious goals -- Full designation across city -

- Major secured new funding

SCORE

Indicative Scoring Criteria

for Greater JakartaScore

0

No coverage

1

Limited

2

Middle

3

Extensive

4

Leading

I) WALKING

NETWORKSNo goals

No designation No

budget

Vague goal

Little designation seen in

plans

Small or unclear budget

Qualitative goals

Some designation in 1-2

major areas/corridors

Some budget

Quantitative goals

Much designation across

city

increased realistic

budget

Ambitious goals

Full designation across

city

Major secured new

funding

II) CYCLING

NETWORKSNo goals

No designation No

budget

Vague goal

Little designation seen in

plans

Small or unclear budget

Qualitative goals

Some designation in 1-2

major areas/corridors

Some budget

Quantitative goals

Much designation across

city

Increased

realistic budget

Ambitious goals

Full designation across

city

Major secured new

funding

III) INTERMODAL

TRANSFER

FACILITIES

No goals

No designation No

budget

Vague goal

Little designation seen in

plans

Small or unclear budget

Qualitative goals

Some designation in 1-2

major areas/corridors

Some budget

Quantitative goals

Much designation across

city

Increased

realistic budget

Ambitious goals

Full designation across

city

Major secured new

funding

IV) PUBLIC

TRANSPORT No goals

No designation No

budget

Vague goal

Little designation seen in

plans

Small or unclear budget

Qualitative goals

Some designation in 1-2

major areas/corridors

Some budget

Quantitative goals

Much designation across

city

Increased

realistic budget

Ambitious goals

Full designation across

city

Major secured new

funding

Walking

Facilities

Improvement

1. Walking

Networks: KPI

pedestrian access

2. Much

designation

(Jakarta, Kota

Bekasi, Kota

Bogor, Kota

Tangerang, etc)

3. Budget:

increased realistic

budget

Pedestrian Facilities Construction and Campaign

80 km pedestrian facilities in DKI

Jakarta has been constructed in

2017. 24 km by Provincial and 56

km by Cities (5 Sub Provinces)

Total budget: Rp. 412 bill.(± US$ 40 mio)

Cycling

Network

1. Cycling

Networks: MoT

and MPW

Regulations on

Pedestrian

Facilities

2. Some

designation

(Jakarta, Kota

Bogor, Kota

Tangerang, etc)

3. Budget: some

budget

Intermodal

Transfer

Facilities

1. Intermodal

Transfer: KPI

Distance and

location in station

and terminals

2. Much designation

(Commuter Railway

Stations P&R,

Electronic Payment,

BRT shelters, etc)

3. Budget: increased

realistic budget

P&R at Bogor Commuter Railway Station

Parking at Railway Station

Vending Machineat Railway Station

Public

Transport

1. Public Transport:

RITJ, PTM,

Permenhub 54/2013

2. Full designation

across cities (Trans

Jabodetabek, JR

Connection, JA Co,

LRT, MRT,

Commuter, Long

distance rail, Ferry

3. Budget: major

secured new

funding

Development of Mass Public Transport System in Greater Jakarta:

2017 : Airport Railway2017 : Elevated BRT 13rd Corridor in Jakarta (Tendean – Ciledug).2018 : LRT Jabodetabek (Cawang – Cibubur) and LRT DKI Jakarta (Gading Nias –Velodrome).2019 : LRT Jabodetabek (Cawang – Bekasi Timur and Cawang – Dukuh Atas).2019 : MRT (Lebak Bulus – Bundaran HI).

Source: GJTA, 2017

Tunnel of Jakarta MRT

LRT Jabodetabek

INT

EG

RA

TE

D P

UB

LIC

TR

AN

SP

OR

T N

ET

WO

RK

FO

R G

RE

AT

ER

JA

KA

RT

A

Source: GJTA, 2016

INDICATOR 2Modal Share of Active and Public Transport in Commuting

Mode Economic Status Daily Trips Share Mode Share

Motorcycle person

trips

Lower income 8.314.748 16%

53%Medium Income 17.801.390 34%

High Income 2.007.651 4%

Car person trips

Lower income 1.211.348 2%

20%Medium Income 7.233.139 14%

High Income 2.056.607 4%

Public transport

person trips

Lower income 5.323.158 10%

27%Medium Income 8.466.125 16%

High Income 637.535 1%

Total Trips 53.051.701 100% 100%

Private cars and motorcycle ownership

grows inevitably as a natural effort by

each individual to fulfill their mobility needs.

low parking prices and subsidized fuel

costs have affected the people’s decision to

choose a private vehicle.

Currently, Jakarta has two kinds of rapid

transit system: Transjakarta BRT and

Commuter Rail (KRL)

The KRL train headway is less convenient than TransJakarta because its frequent service

is only every 5-20 minutes per train

Source: Japtrapis, 2012

Public Transport MasterplanPublic Transport Masterplan

Buses : 350 routes, 3700 buses, 4000 route-km, 2 Operators Taxis : 25,000 (7 Operators)

Rail total : 159 km, 127 stations, 2 Operators

2 m trips/day

3.1 m trips/day 0.9 m trips/day

Total PT Trips

~ 6 m/day

40%PT

60%

LRT : 29 km, 43 stations

Public Transport Modal Share

15

Source: Japtrapis (JICA-MoT, 2012)

INDICATOR 3Convenient Access to Public Transport Service

Districts

Total

Serviced

Area

Assumed Serviced Population

Kota Jakarta Utara 95 1,221,704.77

Kota Jakarta Timur 156 2,456,764.88

Kota Jakarta Selatan 144 2,049,088.43

Kota Jakarta Barat 112 2,222,822.38

Kota Jakarta Pusat 51 948,160.34

Bogor 164 899,878.47

Kota Bogor 60 604,988.31

Kota Depok 93 1,062,996.60

Tangerang 105 206,458.31

Kota Tangerang 87 1,054,938.09

Kota Tangerang Selatan 80 840,183.19

Bekasi 82 559,526.51

Kota Bekasi 73 1,180,666.94

Total 15,308,177.23

Ratio to total Greater Jakarta

population (%)51%

INDICATOR 4Public transport quality and reliability

IND

ICATO

R -

4

INDICATOR -4

Source: GJTA Primary Survey, 2017

Source: Japtrapis, 2012

Source: GJTA Primary Survey, 2017

IND

ICATO

R -

5

INDICATOR -5

Year No of Accidents FatalitiesSeriously

InjuredInjured

Material Loss

(Rp. Mio)

2010 8,235 1,048 3,473 5,820 17,744

2011 8,079 1,008 2,820 6,312 18,102

2012 8,020 912 2,938 6,153 21,885

2013 6,498 676 2,925 4,711 23,794

2014 6,574 605 3,088 568 23,149

Fatalities by Mode

Car Truck

Bus Motorcycle

Statistical Bureau from Jakarta Metro Police (2015)

y = -49.279x + 100000R² = 0.6049

-

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

fatalities

Fatalities Jakarta (Polda Metro as Jabodetabek minus Kab. Bogor and Kab. Tangerang)

No. of fatalities= 605. Population= 30 mio.

Traffic Fatalities per 100.000=605/(30.000.000/100.000)= 2.1

Source: Traffic Police, 2015

INDICATOR 5Traffic fatalities per 100.000 inhabitants

IND

ICATO

R -

6

INDICATOR -6

� Bus : Rp. 30,271 (around $ 2.33)� Private Car : Rp. 121,049 ($ 9.31)� Taxi : Rp. 89,574 ($ 6.89)� Rail : Rp. 30,712 ($ 2.36)� Motor Cycle : Rp. 26,931 ($ 2.07)� Average : Rp. 53,453 ($ 4.11)� Monthly transport expenditure is $4.11x25 days= $ 102.75

Average Daily Spending by Mode

Greater Jakarta Transport Authority Survey, 2017

� Jakarta : $ 14,727

� West Java : $ 2,538

� Banten : $ 3,115

� Average : $ 6,793

� Average monthly income: $ 566

Average Monthly Income

Statistical Bureau, 2016

The transport cost from monthly income= $ 102.75/ $ 566= 18.2%.

INDICATOR 6Affordability – travel costs as part of Income

IND

ICATO

R -

7

INDICATOR -7

The study from BPTJ (2017) from 29 routes of large buses in Greater Jakarta shows that :� 6 routes of Trans Jakarta are subsidised by Jakarta

govt. the tariff of Rp. 3,500 is under the operating cost of Rp. 11,000

� 9 routes operates by private that tariff is same as operation cost, mostly operate by PT. Mayasari Bhakti. The tariff is around Rp. 10,00- 12,000.

� 9 routes operated under lower level price ceiling. The routes connect Jakarta and the hinterlands but operated by private operators. The tariff is between Rp. 15,00-20,000 but operating cost between Rp. 30,000-35,000.

From the calculation we find average fare

box ratio is 55.44%.

INDICATOR 7Operational costs of the public transport System

• Public transport investment in Greater Jakarta has been constructed very

intensive.

• The investment mostly spend on MRT lane construction which amount 22

Trillion IDR, and LRT 27 Trillion IDR. Besides that 2,3 Trillion IDR also

pledged to build 10 km of elevated BRT lane, and 6,4Trillion IDR to build

double- double track of Manggarai- Cikarang commuter railtrack. Those

total amount are equal to 4,1 billion EUR.

• On the other hand, according to official data of Toll Road Authority, the

government has pledged 24.6 Trillion IDR to build Second Jakarta Outer

Ring Road and construction of new Semanggi interchange at cost of 0,22

Trillion IDR. Total private investment for road construction is 24.82 Trilllion

IDR.

• The share of public transport investment is 67.39%. in the matrix we

consider maximum value, 50%.

IND

ICATO

R -

8

INDICATOR -8INDICATOR 8

Investment in public transportation systems

IND

ICATO

R -

9

INDICATOR -9

� This indicator provide with the annual mean levels of fine particulate matter (PM10) in the air (population weighted) compared to threshold.

� Particulate (PM10) is fine particulare matter that less than 10 micron (micrometer). Permitable number for PM10 in Greater Jakarta is 150 µgram/m3.

� The classification of PM10 is: Good (0-50) Medium (50-150) Unhealthy (150-250) Very unhealthy (250-350) Dangerous (>350)

� Based on website of Environmental Impact Control of Jakarta (llhd.jakarta.go.id) calculated from 5 area in Jakarta Province, the PM10: 68-79 or in average is 75.

INDICATOR 9Air quality (pm10 concentration)

IND

ICATO

R -

10

INDICATOR -10

� CO2 equivalent emissions fromtransport by urban residents per annum per capita.

� CO2 emission from transport acrossIndonesia (MER) about 70 mio ton. Urban population about 55% of 240 mio= 132 mio ton.

� Rate= 70/132= 0.53.

INDICATOR 10Greenhouse gas emissions

Avoid-Shift-Improve

Avoid� Smart Growth

� Zoning regulations

� Internet & Com. Technologies (ICT)

� Transit Oriented Development (TOD)

Shift� Public transport

� Non-Motorised Transport

� Transportation Demand

Management (TDM)

Improve� Alternative fuels

� Fuel efficiency standards

� Vehicle maintenance

� Vehicle testing

Source: 5th Regional EST Forum

Sustainable Transpot Strategies

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

100.00

Extent to which transport planscover facilities for active modes

and public transport

Modal share of active and publictransport in commuting

Convenient access to publictransport service

User satisfaction with publictransport service

Traffic fatalities per 100.000inhabitants

Affordability – travel costs as part of income

Operational costs of the publictransport system

Investment in publictransportation systems

Air quality (pm10)

Greenhouse gas emissions fromtransport

City X Normalized performanceGreater Jakarta

# IndicatorsNatural

WeightsNormalization 2017

units MIN MAX Jabodetabek

1

Extent to which transport plans cover

facilities for active modes and public

transport

0 - 16 scale 0.1 0 16

12

2Modal share of active and public

transport in commutingTrips 0.1 10 90

27

3Convenient access to public transport

service

Number of

people0.1 20 100

50

4User satisfaction with public transport

service% satisfied 0.1 30 95

52.5

5 Traffic fatalities per 100.000 inhabitants # fatalities 0.1 35 0 2.1

6Affordability – travel costs as part of

income% of income 0.1 35 3.5

18.2

7Operational costs of the public transport

system

Cost

recovery

ratio

0.1 22 175

55.4

8Investment in public transportation

systems

Share of

total

investment

0.1 0 50

50

9 Air quality (pm10) µg/m3 0.1 150 10 75

10Greenhouse gas emissions from

transportTons 0.1 2.75 0

0.53

MUST SUM TO 1 1.0

Greater Jakarta

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

100.00

Extent to which transportplans cover facilities foractive modes and public

transport

Modal share of active andpublic transport in commuting

Convenient access to publictransport service

User satisfaction with publictransport service

Traffic fatalities per 100.000inhabitants

Affordability – travel costs as part of income

Operational costs of thepublic transport system

Investment in publictransportation systems

Air quality (pm10)

Greenhouse gas emissionsfrom transport

Comparing cities all indicators

Jabodetabek

Jakarta

Greater Jakarta

and JakartaDRAFT

# IndicatorsNatural

WeightsNormalization 2017

units MIN MAX Jabodetabek

1

Extent to which transport plans cover

facilities for active modes and public

transport

0 - 16 scale 0.1 0 16

12

2Modal share of active and public

transport in commutingTrips 0.1 10 90

27

3Convenient access to public transport

service

Number of

people0.1 20 100

50

4User satisfaction with public transport

service% satisfied 0.1 30 95

52.5

5 Traffic fatalities per 100.000 inhabitants # fatalities 0.1 35 0 2.1

6Affordability – travel costs as part of

income% of income 0.1 35 3.5

18.2

7Operational costs of the public transport

system

Cost

recovery

ratio

0.1 22 175

55.4

8Investment in public transportation

systems

Share of

total

investment

0.1 0 50

50

9 Air quality (pm10) µg/m3 0.1 150 10 75

10Greenhouse gas emissions from

transportTons 0.1 2.75 0

0.53

MUST SUM TO 1 1.0

2017

Jabodetabek Jakarta

12 12

27 30

50 70

52.5 70

2.1 2.1

18.2 15

55.4 67

50 35

75 75

0.53 0.53

DRAFT

D3 RESULT SPIDER DIAGRAM MULTIPLE CITIES Jabodetabek Jakarta

Extent to which transport plans cover facilities for active modes

and public transport 75.00 75.00

Modal share of active and public transport in commuting21.25 25.00

Convenient access to public transport service37.50 62.50

User satisfaction with public transport service34.62 61.54

Traffic fatalities per 100.000 inhabitants94.00 94.00

Affordability – travel costs as part of income53.33 63.49

Operational costs of the public transport system21.83 29.41

Investment in public transportation systems100.00 70.00

Air quality (pm10)53.57 53.57

Greenhouse gas emissions from transport80.73 80.73

DRAFT

FUTURE PLANImplementation of SUTI for Greater Jakarta

• STRONG

1. Extent to which

masterplan covers

public transport

2. Traffic fatalities

3. Investment of

Public Transport

System

4. Greenhouse

emission form

transport

• WEAKNESS

1. Modal Share of

Active and Public

Transport

2. Convenient Access

to Public Transport

Services

3. User Satisfaction

4. Operation Cost of

Public Transport

System

• MODERATE

1. Affordability travel

cost as part of

income

2. Air Quality (pm 10)

AN

ALY

SIS

OF

SU

TI IN

DIC

AT

OR

S

Jabodetabek has a

big role for national

economic activity,

that generates GDP

more than € 111,148

Million (18.48% of

national). The

economic structure

of Jabodetabek

2012, which is

calculated from GDP

at current prices,

shows about 72.56%

Jabodetabek

economy is still

concentrated in the

city of Jakarta

Draft- Transport PlanNo Cities Existing Masterplan

1 Jakarta The concept of road based public transport development is BRT with bus priority with the

support from LRT and MRT. Existing public bus system will be improved through the

route management and bus rationalization. Construction of LRT and MRT has been in

progress. The integration system has also been provided but need to be optimised.

2 Depok Depok City focused on the improvement of existing accessibility of public transportation, such

as accessibility to terminals, stations, etc. In additions, they also plan to develop mass

transport in the form of feeder bus services that connect settlement areas to trunk roads

(existing BRT networks) as well as railway stations.

3 TangerangTheir public transport policies are focused on the rationalization of existing bus route,

improvement of public transport regulation, improvement of integrated terminal and

supporting facili ties. In the near future, they also plan develop dedicated bus lane in mass

rapid transport system that can be integrated with BRT in DKI Jakarta.

4 Bekasi

RegencyThere are two main policy concepts of road-based public transport development of

Bekasi Regency, which are (1) the development of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), and (2)

the improvement of public transport services for industrial areas and settlements. The

plan of BRT will connect DKI – Bekasi City – Bekasi Regency.

5 Bogor

Regency

The main policies of Bogor Regency transportation development are the road development,

improvement of BRT connection, and integration between BRT/railway with feeder system

and transit terminals.

6 BekasiEspecially for the development of road based public transport, Bekasi City only provides some

strategies including route management, inner -city BRT, as well as attempting the possibility

of JABODETABEK Busway operation which connecting Bekasi – DKI Jakarta

DISCUSSIONImplementation of SUTI for Other Agglomeration City in Indonesia

Kota Jumlah

Penduduk

Luas

(km2)

Kepadatan

(/km2)

Pengguna (%)

PT:Car:Walk

�Greater Jakarta 28,336,934 6,682.8 4,240.3 27: 53: 20

�Greater Surabaya 9,115,485 5,925.8 1,538.3

�Greater Bandung 7,889,047 3,382.9 2,332.0

�Greater Medan 4,144,583 2,739.9 1,512.8 15:83:2

�Greater Makassar 2,225,048 2,473.0 899.74 12:88:0

�Greater Denpasar 2,223,070 1,749.8 1,270.4 11:82:7

TOTAL 53.934.167 22.954.0 2,350.0

Indication of Problems:‣ Traffic flows to city centers, old attraction area

causes tidal flow during peak hours.

‣ Cooperation between city and hinterlands still

far from expected.

‣ Govt budget for transportation integration is still

very low compared to standard of international

Target Medium Term:• Modal share increases from 16% menjadi 35%.

Strategic Policies:• Central government support and other possible financing sche

such as matching fund, CSR for BRT development

• A synchronized program for BRT, LRT and MRT

Estrimated Budget:• Rp. 3 Tril. for urban transport construction in 5 agglomeration

cities.

5 other agglomeration cities need to be supported by public transport based management

201020022000

0 % -3 %-24 %

28%52%

55%

DISCUSSIONIntegration from Planning, Construction and Controlling

DKI JakartaKabupaten

Tangerang

Kota

TangerangKota

Bekasi

Kabupaten

Bekasi

Kota Depok

Kota Bogor

Kota

Selatan

Kota

Tangerang

Selatan

Kota Bogor

Kabupaten Bogor

TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

•Supervision

•Control

• Information

ROADS

•Construction

•Management

PUBLIC TRANSPORT

•Construction

•Regulation

• integration

•Management

URBAN PLANNING

•TOD

•Planning of Land Use

•Urban Development

Strategy of

Integration

Integration

is Urgent !

ALHAMDULILLAH

THANK YOU