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(2) Exam: 3 times (2) Exam: 3 times
Problem types: -Multiple choice 80% + Short answer 20% Posting of score & expected GPA: on the board at room SB148, New Science Building ( 과학원 )
Problem types: -Multiple choice 80% + Short answer 20% Posting of score & expected GPA: on the board at room SB148, New Science Building ( 과학원 )
(1) How to get lecture slides (1) How to get lecture slides
www.ykjanglab.pe.kr/korean/자료실/강의자료File name: Chapter00_lecture_Genetics_20070000
www.ykjanglab.pe.kr/korean/자료실/강의자료File name: Chapter00_lecture_Genetics_20070000
AnnouncementAnnouncement
(3) Assignment (homework): (3) Assignment (homework): Please read your textbook Please submit your own handwritten summary (1 page per I hour lecture) before the lecture get started ( No acceptable for late submission) Solve the problems at the end of each chapter being notified after finishing the every chapter. Some of them will be presented as problems in the exam.
Please read your textbook Please submit your own handwritten summary (1 page per I hour lecture) before the lecture get started ( No acceptable for late submission) Solve the problems at the end of each chapter being notified after finishing the every chapter. Some of them will be presented as problems in the exam.
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(5) Participating in this Genetics Course (5) Participating in this Genetics Course Thanks everyone for your interest on this class As announced in the syllabus, one requirement for attending this class is your completion of General Biology (I and II) Without the knowledge about Biology I & II, you may have difficulties in getting the standard score required for passing this course. If you do not meet this requirement, please drop this Genetic Course ASAP. You may have chance next year. Thank you again for your cooperation
Thanks everyone for your interest on this class As announced in the syllabus, one requirement for attending this class is your completion of General Biology (I and II) Without the knowledge about Biology I & II, you may have difficulties in getting the standard score required for passing this course. If you do not meet this requirement, please drop this Genetic Course ASAP. You may have chance next year. Thank you again for your cooperation
Announcement (continued)Announcement (continued)
(4) Grading: (4) Grading:
Ist exam (30%) + 2nd exam (30%) + 3rd exam (30%) + attendance & homework (10%) Ist exam (30%) + 2nd exam (30%) + 3rd exam (30%) + attendance & homework (10%)
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Genetics: From Genes to GenomesGenetics: From Genes to GenomesSecond EditionSecond Edition
●● HartwellHartwell ● ● Hood Hood ● ● Goldberg Goldberg ●● Reynolds Reynolds
●● Silver Silver ●● Veres Veres
TEXTBOOK TEXTBOOK
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required to reproduce or display
The leading Author
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Leland Hartwell, born 1939.Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
Sir Paul Nurse, born 1949.Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, UK.
Tim Hunt, born 1943.Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms, UK.
S. cerevisiae S. pombeArbacia (Sea urchin)
2001 Nobel Prize Laureates:cell cycle control and cancer biology
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Brief Contents in This Brief Contents in This CourseCourse
Introduction part : Genetics? (Ch. 1)Introduction part : Genetics? (Ch. 1) Part I : Basic principles of heredity : How traits are Part I : Basic principles of heredity : How traits are
transmitted (Ch. 2-5)transmitted (Ch. 2-5) Part II : What genes are and what they do (Ch.7)Part II : What genes are and what they do (Ch.7) Part III : What are genomes & how to dissect (Ch.9-Part III : What are genomes & how to dissect (Ch.9-
11)11) Part IV : How genes travel in cells (Ch. 12 & 13)Part IV : How genes travel in cells (Ch. 12 & 13)
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Chapter2
Mendel’s Breakthrough: Mendel’s Breakthrough: Everything about Everything about
HheredityHheredity
Gregor Gregor Mendel Mendel
(1822-1884)(1822-1884)
Fig. 2.2
Part IPart I : Basic : Basic principles: How traits principles: How traits
are transmittedare transmitted
7
Chapter3Extensions or Exceptions to Extensions or Exceptions to
Mendel :Mendel : Complexities in Genotype to Complexities in Genotype to
phenotypephenotype
Fig. 3.19
Siamese cats: melanin production depending on body temperature
Part IPart I : Basic : Basic principles: How traits principles: How traits
are transmittedare transmitted
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Chapter4
The Chromosome Theory of The Chromosome Theory of Inheritance: Inheritance:
The Physical Basis of Mendelian The Physical Basis of Mendelian IinheritanceIinheritance
Fig. Fig. 4.224.22
Red-green colorblindness: X-linked recessive trait in human
Part IPart I : Basic : Basic principles: How traits principles: How traits
are transmittedare transmitted
9
Chapter5Linkage, recombination, and Linkage, recombination, and
the mapping of genes on the mapping of genes on chromosomeschromosomes
A genetic map pf part of the human X chromosome
Fig. Fig. 5.285.28
Part IPart I : Basic : Basic principles: How traits principles: How traits
are transmittedare transmitted
10
Chapter7
Anatomy and function of a Anatomy and function of a Gene: Gene: Dissection via MutationDissection via Mutation
Sickle-cell anemia with mutated hemoglobin gene
Fig. 7.22 a
Part IIPart II : What : What genes are and what genes are and what
they dothey do
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Chapter9Deconstructing the Deconstructing the
Genome: Genome: Identifying & Identifying & Analyzing DNA at High Analyzing DNA at High
ResolutionResolution
Automated Automated DNA DNA
Fig. 9.18 b
Part IIIPart III : What are : What are genomes & how to genomes & how to
dissectdissect
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Chapter10
Reconstructing the Reconstructing the Genome via Genetic and Genome via Genetic and
Molecular AnalysisMolecular Analysis
Human Genome Human Genome ProjectProject
Fig. 10.1
Part IIIPart III : What are : What are genomes & how to genomes & how to
dissectdissect
13
Chapter11The Direct detection of The Direct detection of
Genotype Distinguishes Genotype Distinguishes Individual Genomes:Individual Genomes:
You May Have Several Applications in You May Have Several Applications in Human LifeHuman Life
DNA fingerprint: can be DNA fingerprint: can be used for identification of used for identification of
criminal suspectcriminal suspect
Fig. 11.15
Part IIIPart III : What are : What are genomes & how to genomes & how to
dissectdissect
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Chapter12
The Eukaryotic Chromosome: The Eukaryotic Chromosome: The Basis of Epigenetic Control of The Basis of Epigenetic Control of
Gene Expression as An Organelle for Gene Expression as An Organelle for Packaging Packaging
and Managing DNAand Managing DNA
Part IVPart IV : How : How genes travel in cellsgenes travel in cells
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Chapter13Chromosomal Rearrangements Chromosomal Rearrangements
and Changes in Chromosome and Changes in Chromosome Number Reshape Eukaryotic Number Reshape Eukaryotic
GenomeGenomeFig. 13.20Fig. 13.20
Barbara McClintock: Barbara McClintock: Discoverer of Discoverer of
transposable elements in transposable elements in corncorn
Part IVPart IV : How : How genes travel in cellsgenes travel in cells
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Last 동글이 (male hedgehog)
17슬이 (female)
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What is Genetics: What is Genetics: The Study of Biological The Study of Biological
InformationInformation
Chapter1
The Science of heredity(The Science of heredity( 형질유전형질유전 ): ): explains the biological structures explains the biological structures
and mechanisms about what is and mechanisms about what is inherited and howinherited and how
19
Chapter OutlineChapter Outline
DNA molecules encode the biological information DNA molecules encode the biological information fundamental to all life forms (organisms)fundamental to all life forms (organisms)
Proteins are the primary unit of biological Proteins are the primary unit of biological functionfunction
Regulatory networks Regulatory networks (DNA-protein, protein-protein)(DNA-protein, protein-protein) specify the behavior of genesspecify the behavior of genes
All living things are closely related All living things are closely related (evolutionarily (evolutionarily conserved)conserved)
Genomes are modular, allowing rapid evolutionGenomes are modular, allowing rapid evolution Genetic techniques allow us to dissect biological Genetic techniques allow us to dissect biological
complexitycomplexity
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Information in DNA Information in DNA molecules generates molecules generates diversity in species: diversity in species: The key features are The key features are
summarizedsummarized Four bases – G (guanine), A Four bases – G (guanine), A (adenine), T (thymine), and C (adenine), T (thymine), and C (cytosine) are the nucleotide (cytosine) are the nucleotide building block of DNAbuilding block of DNA
DNA is a double stranded DNA is a double stranded helix composed of A-T and G-helix composed of A-T and G-C complementary basesC complementary bases
Order of nucleotide Order of nucleotide sequences determine which sequences determine which proteins are synthesized, as proteins are synthesized, as well as when and where the well as when and where the synthesis occurs.synthesis occurs.
Fig. 1.1a
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Information in DNA generates Information in DNA generates diversity (continued)diversity (continued)
All organisms use the same basic All organisms use the same basic genetic language (genetic code)genetic language (genetic code)
The differences: The differences: are contents, amount of are contents, amount of
information, and time, places of information, and time, places of gene expressiongene expression
Fig. 1.1a
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Genes are sequences of Genes are sequences of DNA that encode proteinsDNA that encode proteins
Fig. 1.2
Exon
Intron
Antiparallel structure of DNA strands means that the two complementary strands are oriented in opposite direction
Most of eukaryotic genes are defined as specific combinations
of exons
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DNA resides in within cells DNA resides in within cells packaged as units called packaged as units called
chromosomeschromosomes The entire collection of The entire collection of
chromosomes in each cell of chromosomes in each cell of an organism is called a an organism is called a genomegenome
Humans have 46 Humans have 46 chromosomeschromosomes
The human genome has about The human genome has about 3 x 103 x 1099 (3 billion) base pairs (3 billion) base pairs and 40,000 – 60,000 genesand 40,000 – 60,000 genes
Fig. 1.4
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Biological function emerges Biological function emerges primarily from proteins: primarily from proteins:
enable to reproduce, move and adapt enable to reproduce, move and adapt to environmentsto environments
Figure 1.5a
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What is protein’s properties?What is protein’s properties?
Proteins are polymers of amino acidsProteins are polymers of amino acids Proteins have three dimensional Proteins have three dimensional
structuresstructures Information in DNA dictates the Information in DNA dictates the
sequence of its amino acidssequence of its amino acids There are 20 different amino acidsThere are 20 different amino acids The order of amino acids determines The order of amino acids determines
the type of protein and its structurethe type of protein and its structure
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Proteins interact with DNA and Proteins interact with DNA and proteinsproteins
Biological systems function as complex Biological systems function as complex interactive networks of proteins and interactive networks of proteins and DNA that interact with one anotherDNA that interact with one another
You have to analyze the complex You have to analyze the complex network to understand how learning network to understand how learning and memory can beand memory can be
Fig. 1.6 Human brain: 1011 neurons with 1018 synapses
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Evidence (1) for the Evidence (1) for the common origin of all common origin of all
living thingsliving things DNA sequences use the same arbitrary genetic DNA sequences use the same arbitrary genetic
code: various triplet groupings of 4 letters (A, code: various triplet groupings of 4 letters (A, T, G, C) encode the 20 letters of amino-acid T, G, C) encode the 20 letters of amino-acid alphabetalphabet
RNA is composed of four bases: guanine (g), RNA is composed of four bases: guanine (g), adenine (a), cytosine (c), and uracil (u)adenine (a), cytosine (c), and uracil (u)
Fig. 1.7b
Central dogma:DNA RNA Protein
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Fig. 1.8
Evidence (2) for the Evidence (2) for the common origin of all common origin of all
living thingsliving things Comparisons of many genes with same Comparisons of many genes with same
functions: show striking similarity among functions: show striking similarity among all organismsall organisms
Human cell-cycle genes replace the normal Human cell-cycle genes replace the normal function of yeast homologs (related genes)function of yeast homologs (related genes)
Comparisons of the cytochrome C protein Comparisons of the cytochrome C protein in six species: electron donors/acceptors in six species: electron donors/acceptors
during cellular respirationduring cellular respiration
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Genetic study using model Genetic study using model organisms is important for the organisms is important for the
study of human genesstudy of human genes
Studies of genetics in model Studies of genetics in model organisms help us understand how organisms help us understand how genes work in humansgenes work in humans
Some model organisms include Some model organisms include bacteria, yeastbacteria, yeast,, roundworms roundworms,, fruitfliesfruitflies,, and mice. and mice.
Model organisms may have simpler Model organisms may have simpler biological networks and can be biological networks and can be manipulated experimentally.manipulated experimentally.
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Genetic techniques permit Genetic techniques permit the dissection of the dissection of
complexitycomplexity
Dissection of genomes gene-by-gene Dissection of genomes gene-by-gene unravels the complexity of biological unravels the complexity of biological systems systems ((Genome sequencing projectsGenome sequencing projects))
The challenge for modern biology: shift The challenge for modern biology: shift from the analysis of single units to the from the analysis of single units to the analysis of complex system analysis of complex system
By now “Systems Biology” is emerging By now “Systems Biology” is emerging as one of main biology fieldsas one of main biology fields
Genetics provides unique tools to solve Genetics provides unique tools to solve this challengethis challenge
Fig.1.12: Five model organisms: their genomes are sequenced
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Genetics is a leading Genetics is a leading scientific field for scientific field for
Predictive and Preventative Predictive and Preventative MedicineMedicine
Discovery of genes with variations Discovery of genes with variations that cause or predispose disease that cause or predispose disease will continue at a rapid pace. will continue at a rapid pace. Gene therapyGene therapy DiagnosticsDiagnostics Therapeutic drugs to block or reverse Therapeutic drugs to block or reverse
effects of mutant genes effects of mutant genes (Gleevec)(Gleevec) Detection of disease and treatment Detection of disease and treatment
before onset may increase life span before onset may increase life span significantlysignificantly