2

Equisetum (Horsetail; Scouring Rush)

1

1011

12

13

Fun Facts

14

15Evolutionary Significance

(Carboniferous: 360-300 MYA)

56

Life Cycle

Sporophyte: Stem and Leaves

Sporophyte: Photosynthesis

Leaves, Bud Primordia, Root Primordia

Fig. 10-5 in Foster and Gifford 1989

Sporophyte: Shoot Growth Form

Sporophyte: Primary Growth

Sporophyte: Intercalary Growth

IntercalaryMeristem

IntercalaryMeristem

Stem Anatomy

Sporophyte: Stem Anatomy(Collenchyma)

Vallecular Canal

Carinal Canal

Pith Canal

Sporophyte: Stem Anatomy(Canals)

21

Sporophyte: Stem Anatomy(Carinal Canals (= Vascular Canals))

Xylem Phloem

Parenchyma

Sporophyte: Stem Anatomy(Endodermis)

Figs. 10-8, 10-9 in Gifford and Foster 1989

Sporophyte: Stem Anatomy(Vasculature)

Sporophyte: Root(Primary Root, Root Primordia)

Sporophyte: Strobilus Position

Sporophyte: Strobilus

9

Sporophyte: Sporangium and Tapetum

22

Sporophyte: Spores, Elaters

6

Fig. 10-16 in Gifford and Foster 1989

Gametophyte Sexuality

Gametangia

Equisetum: Embryo Development

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Embryo Development

5

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1 http://www.smianalytical.com/img/silica-dust.jpg

2 http://www.tcnj.edu/~mckinney/Equisetum%20May%2002-1.jpg

3 http://www.floralimages.co.uk/images/equisetum_ramosissimum_1297.jpg

4 http://www.plant-identification.co.uk/images/equisetaceae/equisetum- arvense-1.jpg

5 http://www.sbs.utexas.edu/bio406d/images/pics/equ/Equisetum%20hyemale %20strobilus.jpg

6 http://www.puc.edu/Faculty/Gilbert_Muth/phot0159.jpg

7 http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/sciences/BotanicalSciences/Classification Plants/Cryptogamia/Bryophyta/NonvascularPlants/equ_sp_cu.jpg

8 http://www.stolaf.edu/people/ceumb/bio252/Equisetum.jpg

9 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Equisetum _strobilus_xs_of_wm_showing_sporangiophores.jpg/655px-Equisetum_

strobilus_xs_of_wm_showing_sporangiophores.jpg

10 http://www.tradenote.net/images/users/000/099/079/products_images/Silica_Fume_ SiO2.jpg

11 http://www.cphotois.com/images/shard.jpg

12 http://www.spokesmanreview.com/blogs/freshsheet/media/r_IMG_8001.JPG

13 http://www.floralimages.co.uk/images/equisetum_ramosissimum_1297.jpg

14 http://www.arcadiastreet.com/cgvistas/images/earth_calamites_&_dreps_ 600.jpg

15 http://www.museum.state.il.us/exhibits/mazon_creek/images/calamites_x1.gif

16 http://www.museum.state.il.us/exhibits/mazon_creek/images/calamites_big.gif

17 http://www.csupomona.edu/~jcclark/classes/bot125/resource/graphics/g/sph_equ_stm.jpg

18 http://www.csupomona.edu/~jcclark/classes/bot125/resource/graphics/g/sph _equ_stm.jpg

19 http://www.palaeos.com/Plants/Lists/Glossary/Images/Stoma.jpg

20 http://science.exeter.edu/jekstrom/JPEG/Eq_vas~1.jpe

21 http://www.puc.edu/Faculty/Gilbert_Muth/phot0156.jpg

22 http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/130/Fern_Allies/Sphenophyta/ Equisetum/Equisetum_spores_MC.jpg

23 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Equisetum _strobilus_wm.jpg/800px-Equisetum_strobilus_wm.jpg

24 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Equisetum_ strobilus_wm.jpg/800px-Equisetum_strobilus_wm.jpg

25 http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/webb/BOT201/EQUISETU/ Endodermis.jpg

26 http://www.puc.edu/Faculty/Gilbert_Muth/phot0160.jpg

27 http://www.toyen.uio.no/palmus/galleri/montre/a31741.jpg

28 http://www.humboldt.edu/~natmus/lifeThroughTime/Pennsylvanian. web/266.jpg

29 http://www.museum.state.il.us/exhibits/mazon_creek/images/annularia_ x1.gif