Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
2
Climate Change Implications
for the Water Industry
Dr Dan Green
Wessex Water Services Ltd
3
SUSTAINABILITYRegulated
work
Efficiency
Business continuity
Reputation
Managing risks
4
Climate Change: Implications for the Water Industry
ADAPTATION
MITIGATION
5
Climate Change: Implications for the Water Industry
ADAPTATION
- to a changing climate
- to changes in society, the economy & policy
MITIGATION
6
MAIN ADAPTATION ISSUES
Water supply: supply / demand balance
Waste water: sewerage & drainage capacity
7
WATER SUPPLY
8
SUPPLY – IMPACTS ON QUANTITY
▲Higher ▼Lower
9
SUPPLY – QUANTITY ADAPTATION
• Climate change & water resource planning
• Drought contingency planning
• Capturing more winter rainfall for use in dry periods
• Leakage work; soil shrinkage in pipeline design
• Customers using water wisely
10
SUPPLY – IMPACTS ON QUALITY
• Warm & dry:
more concentrated pollutants;
cyanobacteria;
new pathogens?
• Wet & stormy: more suspended solids, nitrates, crypto, other pollutants.
11
SUPPLY – QUALITY ADAPTATION
• At-risk sources in water resource & water safety plans.
• Work in reservoirs
• More water treatment / blending / alternative sources
• Source protection, diffuse pollution control
12
SEWERAGE & FLOODING
13
WET & STORMY WEATHER - IMPACTS
• High volumes of water in short amounts of time
• More debris washed into sewerage system
• Sewers overloaded
• Treatment works’ storm flow capacity exceeded
14
SEWER SIZE & STORMS
• Historically, sewers built to avoid internal flooding in the event of a ‘1 / 10-20 year’ storm event
– e.g. 25mm falling in 1 hour
• In recent years, new sewers designed to cope with a 1 / 30 year storm…then 1 / 50 year…
• By 2080, storms of an intensity currently expected 1 / 30 years are predicted to occur 1 / 10 years
15
WET & STORMY WEATHER - ADAPTATION
(conventional solutions…)
• Bigger sewers, more sewage works capacity
• Increasing storage – tunnels, tanks / shafts
– Ofwat in 2004: wanted more ‘certainty’– Ofwat position in 2009. .?
• Ongoing maintenance e.g. sewer jetting
16
2005-10: Work to reduce internal flooding
Properties at risk of flooding
(1 / 10 years)
1999/00: 1456
2005: 796
2010: 134
17
OTHER APPROACHES
• Restoring the land’s ‘sponginess’– Woodland protection / planting– Sustainable Urban / Rural
Drainage Systems– Ponds and other water
retention in catchments– Tillage techniques to avoid soil
erosion
Better co-ordination needed between interests
18
TRANSITION TO THE LOW CARBON ECONOMY
Energy cost
Future availability of fossil fuels
Government policy
Taxation & incentive schemes
Monetary value of carbon
Regulators getting interested…customers too?
19
Implications for the Water Industry
ADAPTATION
MITIGATION
20
21
AVOIDANCE
EFFICIENCY
SELF-GENERATED RENEWABLES
IMPORTED RENEWABLES
OTHER OFFSETS
CARBON MANAGEMENT HIERARCHY(AERO)
22
ELECTRICITY USE (m kWh)
0
50,000,000
100,000,000
150,000,000
200,000,000
250,000,000
300,000,000
96/97
97/98
98/99
99/00
00/01
01/02
2002
2003
2004
2005
sewage electricity kWh supply electricity kWh
Total electricity kWh
23
EMISSIONS
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
19
90
19
92
19
94
19
96
/97
19
98
/99
20
00
/01
20
02
20
04
Energy CO2
Energy CO2 + transport CO2 + methane
TONNES CO2e
24
ENERGY EFFICIENCY
• Monitoring & optimising sites
• Energy savings database
25
BIOGAS ELECTRICITY
• 40 year tradition
• 8 MW installed
• Coming up:
More digesters
Enhanced digestion
More green kWh
26
BUYING RENEWABLE ENERGY
• >25m kWh each year
• Mainly small hydro, biomass & landfill gas
27
OTHER MAIN POSSIBILITIES
• Wind
• More efficiency work
• Methane control at sludge sites
• Small scale renewable work
28
60% LESS THAN 1997, BY 2050
0
25000
50000
75000
100000
125000
150000
175000
200000
19
90
19
94
98
/99
20
02
20
06
20
10
20
14
20
18
20
22
20
26
20
30
20
34
20
38
20
42
20
46
20
50
All carbon dioxide and methane emissions
29
Action is urgently needed
The business case is increasingly clear
All organisations and households can ‘do their bit’
