COMPUTER CONCEPTS

David Mark R. PestañoFaculty, Information System Department

College Of Computer Studies

• DATA• DATA PROCESSING• OPERATIONS IN DATA

PROCESSING• ADVANTAGES OF DATA

PROCESSING

TOPICS

Data

DATA V.S.

INFORMATION

Data

Data consists of raw facts. The word “raw” is used to indicate that the facts have not yet been process to reveal their meaning.

Information

Information is a processed data, on which to base decision. It is a collection of facts organized in such a way that they have additional value beyond the value of the facts themselves.

SUMMARY

Data constitute the building blocks of information.

Information is produced by processing data.

Information is used to reveal the meaning of data.

Good, relevant, and timely information is the key to good decision-making.

Good decision-making is the key to organizational survival in a global environment.

Data Processing

Data Processing

Data Processing is the manipulation of data into a more useful form. It involves the collecting, processing, and distributing of facts and figures to achieve a desired result.

Data Processing

Data processing system refers to the equipment or devices and procedures by which the result is achieved.

Data Processing Cycle

Data Processing Cycle

Input is the activity of capturing and gathering raw data. Input can be a manual process or it may be automated.

Data Processing Cycle

Process involves converting or transforming data into useful outputs. Processing can be done manually or with the assistance of computers.

Data Processing Cycle

Output involves producing useful information, usually in the form of documents, reports, and transaction data. Output can be produced in a variety of ways.

Data Processing Cycle

Areas of Data Processing

Data processing may be classified as either scientific or business in nature.

Areas of Data Processing

Data processing may be classified as either scientific or business in nature.

Areas of Data Processing

Business Data Processing. Business data processing is characterized by the need to establish, retain, and process files of data for producing useful information. Generally, it involves a large volume of input data, limited arithmetical operations, and a relatively large volume of output.

Areas of Data Processing

Scientific Data Processing. In science, data processing involves a limited volume of input and many logical or arithmetic calculations. Unlike business problems, most of the scientific problems are non-repetitive, requiring a “one-time” solution.

Operations In Data Processing

Operations Of Data Processing

1) Recording 2) Verifying3) Duplicating4) Classifying5) Sorting6) Calculating7) Summarizing & Reporting8) Merging9) Storing10) Retrieving11) Feedback

Recording

Recording refers to the transfer of data onto some form or document. It relates to the documentation of intermediate figures and facts resulting from calculations.  

Verifying

Verifying is making sure that the data that is recorded is free of error.

Duplicating

Duplicating is the reproducing of data onto many forms of documents. Duplicating may be done while the data is manually recorded, or it may be done afterwards, by some machine.

Classifying

Classifying separates data into various forms and categories. It is the identifying and arranging of items with like characteristics into groups or classes.

Sorting

Sorting is the arranging of data in a specific order. After the data are classified, it is usually necessary to arrange or rearrange them in a predetermined sequence to facilitate processing.

Calculating

Calculating is the arithmetic manipulation of data. It is a crucial phase of data manipulation because the outcome of this operation becomes part of the output.

Summarizing & Reporting

Summarizing and Reporting involves the process of condensing the collection of data and certain conclusions from the data are represented in a meaningful format.

Merging

Merging takes two or more sets of data, all sets having been sorted by the same key, and puts them together to form a single sorted set of data.

Storing

Storing is placing similar data into files for future reference. 

Retrieving

Retrieving is the recovering of stored data and/or information when needed.

Feedback

Feedback is the comparison of the output(s) and the goal set in advance; any discrepancy is analyzed, corrected and fed back to the proper stage in the processing operation.

Operations Of Data Processing

1) Recording 2) Verifying3) Duplicating4) Classifying5) Sorting6) Calculating7) Summarizing & Reporting8) Merging9) Storing10) Retrieving11) Feedback

Advantage of Electronic Data

Processing

• Speed• Automatic Operation• Accuracy• Decision Making

capability• Compact Storage• Discipline imposes

End Of Discussion