8/18/2019 2-Auto Systems (2)

1/32

8/18/2019 2-Auto Systems (2)

2/32

Automobile

Chassis

Engine / Power system

Petrol/Diesel

Mechanical Parts

Fuel System

Cooling System

Lubrication

Transmission

Clutch

Gearbox

Propeller Shaft

Differential

Drive Shafts

Suspension

Wheels

Springs

Dampers/Shock absorbers

Links

Steering

Ackerman System

Rack and Pinion

Pitman Arm

Brakes

Hydraulic

Vacuum Booster 

Air Brakes

Electrical / Electronics

Battery

Charging

Starting Motor 

Ignition

LightingEngine Management

Body

Various

systems inAutomobiles

8/18/2019 2-Auto Systems (2)

3/32

Body

chassis

Enginetransmission

suspension

4 wheel drive

8/18/2019 2-Auto Systems (2)

4/32

Types vehicles.

1. Front transverse engine with front

wheel drive

2. Front longitudinal engine with rear wheel

drive

8/18/2019 2-Auto Systems (2)

5/32

Front Longitudinal Engine with

Rear wheel drive

8/18/2019 2-Auto Systems (2)

6/32

Front Transverse Engine with

Front wheel drive

8/18/2019 2-Auto Systems (2)

7/32

7

8/18/2019 2-Auto Systems (2)

8/32

Transmission 

 –  Clutch

 –  Gearbox

 –  Propeller shaft

 –  Differential

 –  Drive shafts

8

8/18/2019 2-Auto Systems (2)

9/32

Clutch

• A clutch mechanism which enables the

rotary motion of one shaft to be transmitted

to second shaft, whose axis is coincidentwith that of first.

• Clutch is located between the engine and

gear box.

• When the clutch is engaged, the power

flows from engine to the rear wheels

9

8/18/2019 2-Auto Systems (2)

10/32

Clutch

• Disengaged  –  Starting the engine

Shifting the gear 

Stopping the vehicleIdling the engine

• Engaged  –  when the vehicle moving

10

8/18/2019 2-Auto Systems (2)

11/32

Function of clutch

•

To permit engagement or disengagement of a gear when the vehicle is stationary and the

engine is running.

•

To permit the engine power to the roadwheels smoothly without shock to the

transmission system while setting the wheel

in motion

• To permit the engaging of gear when the

vehicle is in motion without damaging the

gear wheel11

8/18/2019 2-Auto Systems (2)

12/32

12

8/18/2019 2-Auto Systems (2)

13/32

13

8/18/2019 2-Auto Systems (2)

14/32

Gear Box or Transmission• This device transmits the power to the propeller shaft

changing the RPM.

• It can be automatic or Manually operated.

• In a car it is operated with the help of Gear lever which

helps the driver the gears according to his

requirement.

• In a manually operated Gear box it is mandatory to

engage the clutch and then change the gear.

14

8/18/2019 2-Auto Systems (2)

15/32

Automobile transmission

8/18/2019 2-Auto Systems (2)

16/32

Propeller Shaft or Drive shaft• It carries the power from the Transmission or the

Gearbox to the Differential.

• It is a long tube like structure made up of hardsteel.

• It is provided with universal Joints at one end andthe other has splines to fit it inside the yoke.

• If there are multiple shafts in the vehicle, it can bemounted in the cross member of the frame and alsocan be inserted into the center bearing andmounted in the member

16

8/18/2019 2-Auto Systems (2)

17/32

Differential or Rear Final Drive• It is a very important device which converts

mechanical energy to Motion.

• It provides less motion to the inner wheel andgreater motion to the outer wheel while the vehicleis being turned.

• Drive pinion and Driven gear and Planetary gearassy. are the important parts installed inside thehousing.

• It holds the wheel hubs and break drums and the

cylinders and also carry half axel shafts which helpin moving the vehicle

17

8/18/2019 2-Auto Systems (2)

18/32

Parts of a differential

8/18/2019 2-Auto Systems (2)

19/32

19

8/18/2019 2-Auto Systems (2)

20/32

Suspension system

20

8/18/2019 2-Auto Systems (2)

21/32

Suspension System

• Uses springs and shock

absorbers to provide a

good ride and improved

handling.• Coil & leaf springs,

torsion bars and air

suspension are all used.

•

Most shock absorbers arehydraulic or air operated.

21

8/18/2019 2-Auto Systems (2)

22/32

Steering System

• Two types used:

• Conventional or parallelogram steering

used on larger carsand trucks.

• Rack and pinionsteering used on most

cars.• Conventional on

trucks, heavyvehicles.

22

http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_4/steeringL1Notes.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_4/steeringL1Notes.ppt

8/18/2019 2-Auto Systems (2)

23/32

23

8/18/2019 2-Auto Systems (2)

24/32

Full Frame Chassis

• Uses welded steel alloymetal

• C-channel or box frameconstruction

• Used on large cars andmost all trucks

• Body made in separateunit and bolted to chassis

24

8/18/2019 2-Auto Systems (2)

25/32

8/18/2019 2-Auto Systems (2)

26/32

Braking System

• The purpose of the braking system is ofcourse, to stop the car.

• Brakes are used on all

wheels and ishydraulically operated.

• Two common types of brake assemblies are

used.•  Disc Brakes

•  Drum Brakes

26

8/18/2019 2-Auto Systems (2)

27/32

Drum Brakes

• Uses a drum which

spins with the wheel.

Stationary brake

shoes are pressed outfrom the inside to

cause friction.

• Used on rear brakes

of many cars.

27

8/18/2019 2-Auto Systems (2)

28/32

Starting System

• Uses a battery and

electric starting motor

(cranking motor) to crank

over the engine forstarting

• Battery

•

Cranking motor • Solenoid

• Key switch

• Wires 28

8/18/2019 2-Auto Systems (2)

29/32

Charging System•

The charging system has twofunctions:

• 1  –  To recharge the battery

after starting.

•

2 – 

To provide all theelectricity for the vehicle while

the engine is running.

• The battery provides power

while the engine is not running

• Battery/alternator/voltage

regulator 

29

8/18/2019 2-Auto Systems (2)

30/32

Electronic controls system

30

8/18/2019 2-Auto Systems (2)

31/32

ABS Anti-Lock Braking System

• Helps driver stop under control

• Keeps brakes from locking up

• Pulses brakes

• Enables car to be turned

31

8/18/2019 2-Auto Systems (2)

32/32

32