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Objectives:• Describe the basic structure and function of

sugars.• Name 3 saccharides and describe their

functions.• Identify a general characteristic of lipids.• Describe the structure and function of fats.• List functions of proteins.• Describe the structure of amino acids and

proteins.• Describe factors that influence protein

shape.

Organic Macromolecules

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Organic Molecules Recall molecules are two or more atoms

bonded covalently (sharing electrons).

Inorganic molecules are non-carbon based. Ex. NH3, H2O and O2.

Organic molecules are carbon based.

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Functional group are a group of atoms within a molecule that interact in predictable ways.

Functional Group

Amino group

Carboxyl groupAmino acid

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Organic Molecules Organic molecules are composed of

hundreds or millions of atoms.

Monomers are similar small molecules that link together.

Polymers are straight chains of monomers linked together.

Monomers are to polymers like letters are to words.

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Building and Breaking Polymers

Dehydration Reaction is the process of adding a monomer to a chain. When a monomer is linked, a water molecule is formed.

Hydrolysis uses water to break a polymer chain.

Water is involved in both the building and breaking of polymers.

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Four Macromolecules Carbohydrates

Lipids

Protein

Nucleic Acid

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The Task You are responsible for learning about three

of the four organic macromolecules.

There are options:• Puzzle• PPT• Textbook

We will determine which option you will use to obtain your notes.

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Read through the notes and fill in the following information for each molecule:

• Definition• Element Composition• Examples• Function in Body• Monomer• Simple Polymer• Complex Polymer

PowerPoint Notes

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Carbohydrates Carbohydrates serve as quick energy

and short-term energy storage. They play a structural role in plants,

bacteria, and insects. Monomers of carbohydrates are the

monosaccharides: glucose fructose

galactose

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Structure of Glucose

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A disaccharide is made from linking two monosaccharides together.

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Larger polysaccharides are made from linking many glucose molecules together through condensation synthesis.

Examples of polysaccharides: Starch

glycogen

cellulose

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Lipids

Lipids serve as long-term energy stores in cells, form membranes, and serve as hormones and insulation.

Lipids do not dissolve in water.

Fats and oils are formed from a glycerol molecule and three fatty acid molecules.

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Structure of Triglycerides

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Fatty acids are long chains of hydrocarbons ending in - COOH

Fatty acids may be saturated fatty acids or unsaturated fatty acids.

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Some lipids are phospholipids that form cell membranes.

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Other lipids are steroids.

Examples include cholesterol, and the sex hormones estrogen and testosterone.

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Proteins

Proteins perform many functions in cells.

Proteins:

Serve as structural proteins

Act as enzymes to speed reactions

Serve as transport carriers

Act as antibodies

Allow materials to cross cell membranes

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Proteins are polymers of amino acids.

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Peptide bonds join amino acids.

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Proteins have levels of organization. Proteins can be denatured.