A) an alpha particle B) a beta particleC) a neutron D) a positron

1. Which nuclear emission has the greatest mass and the least penetrating power?

A)B)C)D)

2. Which equation represents alpha decay?

A) an alpha particle B) a beta particleC) a positron D) a gamma ray

3. An unstable nucleus loses the most mass if the nucleusemits

A) alpha particle, beta particle, gamma rayB) alpha particle, gamma ray, beta particleC) gamma ray, beta particle, alpha particleD) beta particle, alpha particle, gamma ray

4. Which list of nuclear emissions is arranged in order fromthe least penetrating power to the greatest penetratingpower?

A) hydrogen nucleus B) deuterium nucleusC) beryllium nucleus D) helium nucleus

5. An alpha particle has the same composition as a

A) alpha particle B) beta particleC) proton D) positron

6. Given the reaction:

Which type of emanation is represented by X?

A) an alpha particle B) a beta particleC) a neutron D) a positron

7. Which particle has the greatest mass?

A) B) C) D)

8. Given the nuclear equation:

The particle represented by X is

A) a neutron B) a protonC) an alpha particle D) a beta particle

9. An electron has a charge identical to that of

A) - B) + C) D) a

10. What is the decay mode of 37K?

A) less mass and greater penetrating powerB) less mass and less penetrating powerC) more mass and greater penetrating powerD) more mass and less penetrating power

11. Compared to the mass and the penetrating power of analpha particle, a beta particle has

A) a lithium ion B) an alpha particleC) an aluminum ion D) a beta particle

12. Which particle has a negative charge?

A) 37Ca and 53Fe B) 220Fr and 60CoC) 37K and 42K D) 99 Tc and 19Ne

13. Which two radioisotopes have the same decay mode?

A) an alpha particle B) a beta particleC) a neutron D) a proton

14. Given the equation:

Which particle is represented by the letter X?

A) a positron B) a neutronC) a beta particle D) an alpha particle

15. When cobalt-60 undergoes nuclear decay, it emits

A) gamma B) neutronC) alpha D) beta

16. Which type of radiation has neither mass nor charge?

A) It has a mass of 1 and a charge of 1.B) It has a mass of 0 and a charge of –1.C) It has a mass of 0 and a charge of 0.D) It has a mass of 4 and a charge of +2.

17. Which statement best describes gamma radiation?

A) alpha, beta, and gammaB) beta, gamma, and alphaC) gamma, alpha, and betaD) gamma, beta, and alpha

18. A mixture of emanations from radioactive atoms ispassed through electrically charged plates, as shown inthe diagram below.

The nuclear emanations 1, 2, and 3 are called,respectively,

A) 1.91 days B) 3.82 daysC) 7.64 days D) 11.5 days

19. How many days are required for 200. grams ofradon-222 to decay to 50.0 grams?

A) 1995 B) 2000 C) 2006 D) 2011

20. If 8.0 grams of a sample of 60Co existed in 1990, inwhich year will the remaining amount of 60Co in thesample be 0.50 gram?

A) 1 day B) 2 daysC) 5 days D) 4 days

21. An original sample of a radioisotope had a mass of 10grams. After 2 days, 5 grams of the radioisotoperemains unchanged. What is the half-life of thisradioisotope?

A) 1.0 g B) 2.0 g C) 8.0 g D) 4.0 g

22. What is the total number of grams of a 32-gram sampleof 32P remaining after 71.5 days of decay?

A) 5 B) 10 C) 13 D) 20

23. Approximately how many grams of a 40-gram sampleof will remain unchanged after 24 days?

A) 2.87 d B) 3.82 dC) 11.46 d D) 34.38 d

24. What is the half-life of a radioisotope if 25.0 grams ofan original 200.-gram sample of the isotope remainsunchanged after 11.46 days?

A) B) C) D)

25. Based on Reference Table N, what fraction of a sampleof gold-198 remains radioactive after 2.69 days?

A) decreases B) increasesC) remains the same

26. As the temperature of a sample of a radioactive elementdecreases, the half-life of the element

A) transmutation B) neutralizationC) deposition D) reduction

27. Which term identifies a type of nuclear reaction?

A) decomposition B) neutralizationC) saponification D) transmutation

28. In which type of reaction is an atom of one elementconverted to an atom of a different element?

A) combustion B) decompositionC) saponification D) transmutation

29. Given the balanced equation representing a reaction:

Which type of reaction is represented by this equation?

A)B)C)D)

30. Which equation is an example of artificialtransmutation?

A) detect a radioactive particleB) isolate a radioactive particleC) increase the kinetic energy of a charged particleD) increase the potential energy of a charged particle

31. The primary use of a particle accelerator is to

A) kinetic energy to penetrate a nucleusB) kinetic energy to penetrate an electron cloudC) potential energy to penetrate a nucleusD) potential energy to penetrate an electron cloud

32. A particle accelerator is used to provide chargedparticles with sufficient

A) fusion B) fissionC) replacement D) redox

33. When a uranium nucleus breaks up into fragments,which type of nuclear reaction occurs?

A) higher binding energy per nucleonB) lower binding energy per nucleonC) higher number of electronsD) lower number of electrons

34. When a nucleus with a high mass undergoes fission, theresulting nuclei are more stable than the originalnucleus because they have a

A) conversion of mass to energyB) conversion of energy to massC) binding together of two heavy nucleiD) binding together of two light nuclei

35. What is the primary result of a fission reaction?

A)B)C)D)

36. In which reaction is mass converted to energy by theprocess of fission?

A) 235Pa B) 233Pa C) 233U D) 206Pb

37. Which substance has chemical properties similar tothose of radioactive 235U?

A)B)C)D)

38. Which equation represents a fusion reaction?

A) slow oxidation B) rapid oxidationC) fission D) fusion

39. For a given mass of reactants, the energy released isgreatest for a reaction involving

A) addition B) fissionC) fusion D) substitution

40. A nuclear reaction in which two light nuclei combine toform a more massive nucleus is called

A) Matter is converted to energy.B) Energy is converted to matter.C) Ionic bonds are converted to covalent bonds.D) Covalent bonds are converted to ionic bonds.

41. Which change takes place in a nuclear fusion reaction?

A) fission, mass converted to energyB) fission, energy converted to massC) fusion, mass converted to energyD) fusion, energy converted to mass

42. Given the balanced equation representing a nuclearreaction:

21H + 31H 42He + 10nWhich phrase identifies and describes this reaction?

A) high temperature and low pressureB) high temperature and high pressureC) low temperature and low pressureD) low temperature and high pressure

43. Which conditions are required to form 42He during thefusion reaction in the Sun?

A)B)C)D)

44. Which nuclear equation represents a fusion reaction?

A) high temperature and high pressureB) high temperature and low pressureC) good supply of hydrogen nucleiD) good supply of neutrons

45. The fusion of hydrogen nuclei with the release ofenergy can be initiated by a fission reaction because thefission reaction provides a

A) combustion B) reductionC) nuclear fission D) nuclear fusion

46. In which type of reaction do two lighter nuclei combineto form one heavier nucleus?

A) B) C) D)

47. Given the reaction:

Which species is represented by X?

A) alpha particles B) neutronsC) gamma rays D) beta positrons

48. Which product of nuclear decay has mass but nocharge?

A) 0–1e B) 10n C) 11H D) 21H

49. Given the equation:

When the equation is correctly balanced, the particlerepresented by the X will be

A) an alpha particle B) a beta particleC) an electron D) a proton

50. In the reaction:

The X represents

A) B) C) D)

51. In the equation:

Which particle is represented by X?

A) 21H B) 31H C) 32He D) 42He

52. In the reaction:

The species represented by X is

A) B) C) D)

53. Given the nuclear reaction:

Which isotope is represented by the X when theequation is correctly balanced?

A) B) C) D)

54. Given the nuclear reaction:

Which particle is represented by X?

A) formation of covalent bondsB) formation of ionic bondsC) conversion of matter to energyD) conversion of energy to matter

55. Energy is released during the fission of Pu-239 atomsas a result of the

A) a chemical reaction and mass being converted toenergy

B) a chemical reaction and energy being converted tomass

C) a nuclear reaction and mass being converted toenergy

D) a nuclear reaction and energy being converted tomass

56. Given the equation representing a reaction where themasses are expressed in atomic mass units:

hydrogen-2 + hydrogen-1 ® helium-3 + 8.814 × 10-16

kJ2.014 102 u 1.007 825 u 3.016 029 u

Which phrase describes this reaction?

A) breaking of bonds between atomsB) formation of bonds between atomsC) conversion of mass into energyD) conversion of energy into mass

57. The energy released by a nuclear reaction resultsprimarily from the

A) form heavy nuclides from light nuclidesB) form light nuclides from heavy nuclidesC) release a large amount of energyD) absorb a large amount of energy

58. A nuclear fission reaction and a nuclear fusion reactionare similar because both reactions

A) Rn-222 B) I-131C) Co-60 D) C-14

59. The decay of which radioisotope can be used toestimate the age of the fossilized remains of an insect?

A) 14C B) 16N C) 32P D) 37K

60. Which isotope is most commonly used in theradioactive dating of the remains of organic materials?

A) carbon-12 B) carbon-14C) oxygen-16 D) oxygen-18

61. A radioactive isotope used in the study of many organicreaction mechanisms is

A) Co-60 B) I-131C) C-14 D) U-238

62. Which radioisotope is used to treat thyroid disorders?

A) A small quantity of energy is produced.B) Reaction products contribute to acid rain.C) It is impossible to control nuclear fission.D) It is difficult to dispose of wastes.

63. What is a problem commonly associated with nuclearpower facilities?

A) depletion of hydrocarbonsB) depletion of atmospheric oxygenC) exposure of workers to radiationD) exposure of workers to sulfur dioxide

64. Which risk is associated with using nuclear fission toproduce energy in a power plant?

A) acid rainB) helium gasC) greenhouse gases, such as CO2

D) radioisotopes with long half-lives

65. A serious risk factor associated with the operation of anuclear power plant is the production of

A) They frequently have short half-lives and remainradioactive for brief periods of time.

B) They frequently have short half-lives and remainradioactive for extended periods of time.

C) They frequently have long half-lives and remainradioactive for brief periods of time.

D) They frequently have long half-lives andremain radioactive for extended periods oftime.

66. Which statement explains why nuclear waste materialsmay pose a problem?

A) nuclear reactor meltdownsB) storage of waste materialsC) biological exposureD) production of energy

67. One benefit of nuclear fission reactions is