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THE VIKINGSCauses and Costs of Conflict
UNIT QUESTIONS1. What are the different sources of significant conflict within a
society and between societies?
2. How does significant conflict impact a society?
3. Why do societies resort to armed conflict?
4. What are the measureable costs of significant conflicts?
5. Are there causes and costs of conflicts that are consistent through time and place?
6. (Historical Thinking Benchmark: Cause and Consequence)
7. How can significant conflicts be resolved?
TODAY’S GOALS
1. Solidify basic knowledge about three conflicts (Somali Pirates, Vikings, 100 Years War).
2. Practice using Cornell Notes strategy.
3. Prepare to use information next day to compare conflicts.
CORNELL NOTES
http://coe.jmu.edu/learningtoolbox/cornellnotes.html
1
2 3
4
• Process• Own words• 3 ways of interacting with the
material = better for your
One Nation Under 1 KingWild and Dirty People
Crude, Unsophisticated Weapons
Hated Across EuropeBloodthirsty Warriors
Vikings
False!
Origin: organized as clans, led by chieftains; independent farmers and traders
Later: some chieftains organized energetic young men seeking adventure and treasure overseas
Homeland: Sweden, Norway, and Denmark
Tool: long ships
Targets: communities on the coasts and rivers of Europe
Style of Attack: burning, plundering, killing, etc
Name Origin: vikingr – early Scandinavian languages for “pirate”
WHO?
Images from: Travel Gate Sweden
WHEN AND WHERE?
HOW?
Images from: Wikipedia
HOW?
Runestone monuments honouring different Vikings who receiving danegeld (a tax charged by Viking invaders onto the lands they invaded – when paid, they would leave)
What started as tax paid
to Danish Vikings, slowly
became introduce
d into England’s
normal tax
system.Images from: Wikipedia
Table from Barbara A Abraham’s “Danegeld”
WHY?
Powerlessness – many attacks on their homelands from abroad – particularly Charlemagne’s invasions in the late 8th / early 9th Century (Charlemagne’s armies would kill non-Christians)
Agriculture – limited land to feed the population (especially Norway)
Demographics – a “youth bulge” – too many young men (eldest sons inherited everything, other sons had to find fortune elsewhere)
Economics – economic troubles in the Middle East had a domino effect making old markets less profitable across Northern Europe
Impact
Over 1000 Norse words added to English
Sailing techniques and ship construction
Founded Normandy, Iceland, Dublin, Kiev, etc
Revived European trade
Military troop landing techniques
Cornell Notes
http://coe.jmu.edu/learningtoolbox/cornellnotes.html
1
2 3
4
• Process• Own words• 3 ways of interacting with the
material = better for your
TONIGHT
TOMORROW