Upload
srikanth-prasad
View
25
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Internal Microprocessor Architecture AH (AX) AL
BH (BX) BL
CH (CX) CL
DH (DX) DL
SP
BP
DI
SI
EAX
EBX
ECX
EDX
ESP
EBP
EDI
ESI
Accumulator
Base index
Count
Data
Stack pointer
Base pointer
Destination index
Source index
DR
PR
IR
Internal Microprocessor Architecture
IP
FLAGS
EIP
EFLAGS
Instruction pointer
Flags
CS
DS
ES
SS
FS
GS
Code
Data
Extra
Stack
Special purpose registers
Segment registers
2. Programming
• 2.1 Data movement instructions
• 2.2 Arithmetic and logic instructions
• 2.3 Program control instructions
program• .DATA • NUM DB 34H• TABLE DW 0012H,0033H,5687H• .CODE• .STARTUP• MOV BX,OFFSET TABLE• MOV AX,[BX+4]• MOV CX,88H• MUL CX• CMP AX,2000H• JAE NEXT• OUT AX,P8• .EXIT• END
Application languages/application program
High-level languages/compiler &interpretative program
Assembly language/ assembly program
Keyboard command and system primitive/ operating system
Machine instruction system/ CPU
3. Interfacing
• 1 8088/8086 hardware specifications
• 2 Memory interface• 3 Basic I/O interface• 4 Interrupts• 5 Direct memory access and
DMA-controlled I/O
request
•Familiar with•Addressing mode• programming with assembly language
• interfacing of microprocessor
What we can do after learning this
• Programming in assembly language in certain real-time system ,memory limited system or embedded system
• Design interfacing and writing drivers
Reference Books
• 微型计算机原理及应用»周明德 编著 清华大学出版社
• IBM-PC 汇编语言程序设计»沈美明主编,清华大学出版社
• 汇编语言与微机原理教程»顾元刚主编,电子工业出版社
• The 80x86 IBM PC and Compatible Computers (Volumes I & II): Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing (4th Edition)
» 清华大学出版社
•Final Exam: 70%•Middle Exam:20%•Homework & Attendance:10%
• This may be revised according to the needs.
Chapter 1:
1. What mankind has done before the microprocessor finally came out?
2. How many parts are there in the microprocessor ?
Chapter 1:Introduction to The Microprocessor and PC
• 1.1 A Historical Background• 1.2 PC Based on Microprocessor
1.1 A Historical Background
• A. The Mechanical Age– Abacus (Babylonians)– Analytical engine (Babbage, punched
cards, 1823,failure)
1.1 A Historical Background
• B. The Electrical Age– Motor-driven adding machines, based on mech
anical calculator (Hollerith, set up IBM-International Business Machines Corporation)
– First electronic calculating machine Z3 (German, Konrad Zuse,1942)
– The first general-purpose, programmable electronic computer ENIAC (University of Pennsylvania, 1946)
1.1 A Historical Background
• D. The Future of Microprocessors
– The process speed will get more faster
– The memory will get more large
– The bulk will get more smaller
– The width of data bus will increase
– Architecture will get more efficient
1.2 PC Based on Microprocessor
• Question: If we use a computer to figure out an arithmetic expression, how can it finish this work?
• 133*33+44*14
1.2 PC Based on Microprocessor
• 133*33+44*14– First input these numbers.– Do the calculating work.– Store The result – Output the result.
• Control this processing.
1.2 PC Based on Microprocessor
• 133*33+44*14Input device
memory
calculator
Outputdevice
controller
Control bus
data bus
1.2 PC Based on Microprocessor
Micro-processor
Memory
Interface
Externaldevices
Data bus
Address bus
Control bus
BUS definition p25
1.2 PC Based on Microprocessor
• Bus: P25– Address bus requests a memory
location from the memory or an I/O location from the I/O devices.
– Data bus transfers information between the microprocessor and its memory and I/O address space.
– Control bus contains lines that select the memory or I/O and cause them to perform a read or write operation.