1st International :1st International :envihabenvihab

SymposiumSymposiumMay 23–24, 2011, Cologne, Germany

From From physicophysico--chemical and biological life support to sustainable space chemical and biological life support to sustainable space missions and resources minimization / effectiveness on earthmissions and resources minimization / effectiveness on earth

W. Raatschen, Astrium Space Transportation

N. Henn, DLR Space Administration

K. Slenzka, OHB-Systems

Date - 2

Medical

Care

& Fitness

Food Storage

& PreparationFood Production

HousekeepingRefrigerators/

Freezers

Body Cleaning

Crew systems

Overview about Life Support FunctionsOverview about Life Support Functions

Oxygen

SupplyCO2

RemovalContamination

Control

Ventilation

Temperature

&Humidity

Control

WasteManagement

Fire

Detection& suppression

Extra vehicularActivity

Support

O2 N2

AtmosphereMonitoring

& Control

Payload

Vacuum

Services

Urin Makeup

& Water

Regeneration

ECLS

Date - 3

Comparison of Spacelab with Columbus and ATVComparison of Spacelab with Columbus and ATV ECLS-Spacelab ECLS-Columbus ECLS ATV

(all US H/W) Cabin Ventilation Yes Yes Yes

Fire detection and suppression Yes Yes Yes

Humidity & Temperature Control Yes Yes --

Payload vacuum & venting, N2 supply Yes Yes --

Water separation / storage / overboard dumping Yes -- --

CO2 & odor control Yes -- --

atmosphere composition control Yes -- --

oxygen generation -- -- --

Closed-loop by Sabatier -- -- --

Water Regeneration -- -- --

Toilet + waste disposal -- -- --

Urine processing -- -- --

contaminant monitoring -- -- --

Date - 4

ACLS ACLS ––

AdvancedAdvanced

ClosedClosed--LoopLoop

SystemSystem

Oxygen

generation, CO2

Removal & Reduction

for

3 astronauts

Installation in Columbus

TRL 5-6

Launch

planned

for

1st

quarter

2016

Commissioning

in 2016

Operation 2016 -

2020

Date - 5

Comparison of Spacelab with Columbus and ATVComparison of Spacelab with Columbus and ATV ECLS-Spacelab ECLS-Columbus ECLS ATV

(all US H/W) Cabin Ventilation Yes Yes Yes

Fire detection and suppression Yes Yes Yes

Humidity & Temperature Control Yes Yes --

Payload vacuum & venting, N2 supply Yes Yes --

Water separation / storage / overboard dumping Yes -- --

CO2 & odor control Yes ACLS --

atmosphere composition control Yes -- --

oxygen generation -- ACLS --

Closed-loop by Sabatier -- ACLS --

Water Regeneration -- ACLS --

Toilet + waste disposal -- -- --

Urine processing -- -- --

contaminant monitoring -- -- --

Date - 6

Commonalities between Life Support and Energy SystemsCommonalities between Life Support and Energy Systems

H2OH2O

H2H2

H2H2

O2O2

O2O2

•

Closed-Loop

Air Revitalization

•

Regenerative Fuel

Cell

•

On-Orbit

Propellant

Generation

Date - 7

Synergies with Terrestrial ApplicationsSynergies with Terrestrial Applications

H2 O2O2H2

elec.

Power

H2

O

H2 O2 H2 O2

H2O2

elec.

PowerH2

O

local H2

/O2

generationstationary or mobile power

generation unit

Electro-

lyser

Fuel

Cell

H2O2

H2

O

O2H

2

O2H

2

O2H

2

O2H

2

Date - 8

Mega Trends on EarthMega Trends on Earth

Ecology

• Shortage of resources

• Environmental pollution

• Need of high-energy-efficient systems

• Increase of decentralized energy supply

Artificial Intelligence, Robotics

• personal assistants, aging society

• use of information & nanotechnologies for mobile help systems

Strong Growth of Metropolises and Megacities

• today we have 20 megacities (> 10 Mio. inhabitants)

• by 2015 there are 2 more megacities

Date - 9

What is the Purpose of a Life Support System in Space?What is the Purpose of a Life Support System in Space?

• provide food, air, water, hygiene for astronauts

• remove / recycle waste with

• lowest energy input

• lowest resources supply with highest degree of recycling

• using innovative and reliable technology

• under consideration of all human and environment related parameters

Mankind faces the same problems on earth

as manned spaceflight has already solved in the past and need to

solve for space exploration.

Date - 10

No healthy ECOSPHERE on earth No healthy ECOSPHERE on earth without a healthy HUMANSPHERE without a healthy HUMANSPHERE

• Manned Spaceflight provides a lot of answers

Date - 11

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Technology DevelopmentClosed-Loop

Life Support and Energy Management

Bio-Reactor

terr

estr

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ACLSSp

ace

Dem

onst

ratio

n

Spac

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emon

stra

tion Space Spin-Off

Closed-Loop Life Support (Regenerative) Fuel Cells Healthcare & FitnessGreenhouse

Date - 12

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Integral Test of Technology Integral Test of Technology forfor

SpaceSpace

Bio-Reactor

terr

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The

role

of :envihab

Closed-Loop Life Support (Regenerative) Fuel Cells Healthcare & FitnessGreenhouse

Date - 13

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Integral Integral TestingTesting

of Technologies of Technologies forfor

SpaceSpace

Bio-Reactor

terr

estr

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Closed-Loop Life Support (Regenerative) Fuel Cells Healthcare & FitnessGreenhouse

Date - 14

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Bio-Reactor

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Interoperability of Interoperability of physicophysico--/ chemical and biological / chemical and biological Processes (Processes (HybrideHybride

Systems)Systems)

Closed-Loop Life Support (Regenerative) Fuel Cells Healthcare & FitnessGreenhouse

Date - 15

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Interoperability of Humans & TechnologiesInteroperability of Humans & Technologies

Closed-Loop Life Support (Regenerative) Fuel Cells Healthcare & FitnessGreenhouse

Date - 16

Status and advancing of Habitat technologiesfor exploration and terrestrial means

Date - 17

Alcaline

Electrolyser/ Fuel

Cell

Regenerative System functional

laboratoryset

up

Derived interesting components and national developments e.g. for Regenerative energy systems

▪

Status, achievements (1)chem./ phys. ECLS, Life support system ACLS (ARES) for COLUMBUS

Date - 18

▪

Status, achievements (2)(“Biological

Systems”)

-

CEBAS artificial aquatic ecosystem (fishes, snakes, plants, micro organism), STS 89/ 90

-

Omegahab

modular bioreactor, O2 and CO2 generation/ exchange between alga and larva, FOTON M-1, M-2, M-3 and on BION M-1 (2012)

-

ModuLES

Study (preparation/ need of research on biol. Systems)after a CFI 2010 many proposals and LOI

-

ANITA infrared spectroscopy based air contaminant measuring System, used/ accommodated on ISS for one year

-

E-Nose

detection of microbial contamination

-

LSS synergetic Life Support System, draft version of a Hybrid System combining fuel cell with alga bioreactor

astronaut Clay Anderson during the ANITA experiment phase

Date - 19

▪

Status, achievements (3)-

Synergetic System (PBR, FC energy-provision, food production)

increase of ηclose

(different scenarios)

by

decrease

of e.g. food

resupply calculated

by

HIL-test

Date - 20

▪

Advancing of Habitat technologies (1)for exploration and terrestrial means

a)

improve space Habitat technologiesand

systems for long duration mission

b) derived systems/ components for environmental- friendly Habitat/ regenerative systems

…mainly two-fold developments divided in

Date - 21

▪

Advancing of Habitat technologies (2)

a => Additional biology system/ components to reduce the resupply

Best candidate to further reduce (close) the resupply is

a supplement

of chem./ phys.

by

biolgical

components

(Hybrid)

b =>

Systems/ components of Habitat and regenerative systems

need to

combine, adapt or extend in a efficiency manner

Syne

rgie

s

envihab test enviroment

Date - 22

▪

Conclusion/ Outlook

Habitat /synergetic systems and regenerative systems delivermany components for terrestrial synergy and advantages

► justified further activities/ intentions-

Inventory, what can most efficiently be combined (Hybrid Systems etc.)

-

additional research and developments of biol. systems (ModuLES

etc.)

-

Advancing and additional developing of chem./ phys. components

► combining, testing and processing probably within envihab

25.05.2011

Testbed

and application

?

envihab Symposium 2011

envihab

–

Research Center

25.05.2011

Roadmap: Biosphere

(Life Support) & Exploration from

a Life Sciences + Technology Perspective

envihab Symposium 2011

Physico-chemical LSS

Physico-chemical LSS

Biological LSSBiological LSSTechnology

Mono-Species SystemMono-Species System MesocosmosMesocosmos Sustainable EcosystemSustainable Ecosystem BiosphereBiosphere

z.B. STATEXC.E.B.A.S./OmniHab/AquaHab

Adv. ModuLES CELSS?

Shuttle / ISS

ModuLES

Development

Bio-Sats

/ ISS / other

Stations

/ Orbiters

and Landers

to outer

BodiesPlanetary

Stations

Basic Research Earth Application

envihab

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Research Center

25.05.2011

A Few

Examples

Biomimetics

for Sustainability

AntiFreeze

Coatings

AntiMicrobial

Coatings

Photobioreactors

for

Energy Convertion

etc.

Habitate Research

CoolingSystems

Prevention

of Biofilms

No Nuclear

Power

Habitate ResearchCoolingSystems

Prevention

of Biofilms

No Nuclear

Power

envihab Symposium 2011

Earth Application

Freezers

BMBF funded

Antifouling

BMBF funded

Alternative Energy Concepts

/ Demands

BMBF funded

Earth Application

Freezers

BMBF funded

Antifouling

BMBF funded

Alternative Energy Concepts

/ Demands

BMBF funded

Indutry Partners

Bergolin

GmbH, Liebherr Hausgeräte

GmbH

EVONIC

Ehrfeld GmbH, and others

25.05.2011

Summary

and Perspective

Human Activities on Earth are Continually Degrading Natural Ecosystems. Future Habitats Need to Consider

and to Prevent

this Clearly.

Scientific Research and Innovative Developments are necessary.

It is obvious that Habitat Research and Technology Development for Space can benefit tremendously to Earth being complementary to all Earth based Ecological Scientific Research.

envihab Symposium 2011

Date - 27

Closed-Loop Life Support (Regenerative) Fuel Cells

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Support a healthy HUMANSHERE on earth

Bio-Reactor

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ACLS

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Transfer + Adaptations of Space Technologies for Application onTransfer + Adaptations of Space Technologies for Application on

EarthEarth

Healthcare & FitnessGreenhouse