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1st International :1st International :envihabenvihab
SymposiumSymposiumMay 23–24, 2011, Cologne, Germany
From From physicophysico--chemical and biological life support to sustainable space chemical and biological life support to sustainable space missions and resources minimization / effectiveness on earthmissions and resources minimization / effectiveness on earth
W. Raatschen, Astrium Space Transportation
N. Henn, DLR Space Administration
K. Slenzka, OHB-Systems
Date - 2
Medical
Care
& Fitness
Food Storage
& PreparationFood Production
HousekeepingRefrigerators/
Freezers
Body Cleaning
Crew systems
Overview about Life Support FunctionsOverview about Life Support Functions
Oxygen
SupplyCO2
RemovalContamination
Control
Ventilation
Temperature
&Humidity
Control
WasteManagement
Fire
Detection& suppression
Extra vehicularActivity
Support
O2 N2
AtmosphereMonitoring
& Control
Payload
Vacuum
Services
Urin Makeup
& Water
Regeneration
ECLS
Date - 3
Comparison of Spacelab with Columbus and ATVComparison of Spacelab with Columbus and ATV ECLS-Spacelab ECLS-Columbus ECLS ATV
(all US H/W) Cabin Ventilation Yes Yes Yes
Fire detection and suppression Yes Yes Yes
Humidity & Temperature Control Yes Yes --
Payload vacuum & venting, N2 supply Yes Yes --
Water separation / storage / overboard dumping Yes -- --
CO2 & odor control Yes -- --
atmosphere composition control Yes -- --
oxygen generation -- -- --
Closed-loop by Sabatier -- -- --
Water Regeneration -- -- --
Toilet + waste disposal -- -- --
Urine processing -- -- --
contaminant monitoring -- -- --
Date - 4
ACLS ACLS ––
AdvancedAdvanced
ClosedClosed--LoopLoop
SystemSystem
Oxygen
generation, CO2
Removal & Reduction
for
3 astronauts
Installation in Columbus
TRL 5-6
Launch
planned
for
1st
quarter
2016
Commissioning
in 2016
Operation 2016 -
2020
Date - 5
Comparison of Spacelab with Columbus and ATVComparison of Spacelab with Columbus and ATV ECLS-Spacelab ECLS-Columbus ECLS ATV
(all US H/W) Cabin Ventilation Yes Yes Yes
Fire detection and suppression Yes Yes Yes
Humidity & Temperature Control Yes Yes --
Payload vacuum & venting, N2 supply Yes Yes --
Water separation / storage / overboard dumping Yes -- --
CO2 & odor control Yes ACLS --
atmosphere composition control Yes -- --
oxygen generation -- ACLS --
Closed-loop by Sabatier -- ACLS --
Water Regeneration -- ACLS --
Toilet + waste disposal -- -- --
Urine processing -- -- --
contaminant monitoring -- -- --
Date - 6
Commonalities between Life Support and Energy SystemsCommonalities between Life Support and Energy Systems
H2OH2O
H2H2
H2H2
O2O2
O2O2
•
Closed-Loop
Air Revitalization
•
Regenerative Fuel
Cell
•
On-Orbit
Propellant
Generation
Date - 7
Synergies with Terrestrial ApplicationsSynergies with Terrestrial Applications
H2 O2O2H2
elec.
Power
H2
O
H2 O2 H2 O2
H2O2
elec.
PowerH2
O
local H2
/O2
generationstationary or mobile power
generation unit
Electro-
lyser
Fuel
Cell
H2O2
H2
O
O2H
2
O2H
2
O2H
2
O2H
2
Date - 8
Mega Trends on EarthMega Trends on Earth
Ecology
• Shortage of resources
• Environmental pollution
• Need of high-energy-efficient systems
• Increase of decentralized energy supply
Artificial Intelligence, Robotics
• personal assistants, aging society
• use of information & nanotechnologies for mobile help systems
Strong Growth of Metropolises and Megacities
• today we have 20 megacities (> 10 Mio. inhabitants)
• by 2015 there are 2 more megacities
Date - 9
What is the Purpose of a Life Support System in Space?What is the Purpose of a Life Support System in Space?
• provide food, air, water, hygiene for astronauts
• remove / recycle waste with
• lowest energy input
• lowest resources supply with highest degree of recycling
• using innovative and reliable technology
• under consideration of all human and environment related parameters
Mankind faces the same problems on earth
as manned spaceflight has already solved in the past and need to
solve for space exploration.
Date - 10
No healthy ECOSPHERE on earth No healthy ECOSPHERE on earth without a healthy HUMANSPHERE without a healthy HUMANSPHERE
• Manned Spaceflight provides a lot of answers
Date - 11
:env
ihab
Spac
e Ex
plor
atio
nIS
S
Ast
rium
Gm
bH, D
ept.
Ener
gy&
Life
Sup
port
, Dr.
W. R
aats
chen
, May
201
1
Technology DevelopmentClosed-Loop
Life Support and Energy Management
Bio-Reactor
terr
estr
ial
ACLSSp
ace
Dem
onst
ratio
n
Spac
e D
emon
stra
tion Space Spin-Off
Closed-Loop Life Support (Regenerative) Fuel Cells Healthcare & FitnessGreenhouse
Date - 12
:env
ihab
Spac
e Ex
plor
atio
nIS
S
Ast
rium
Gm
bH, D
ept.
Ener
gy&
Life
Sup
port
, Dr.
W. R
aats
chen
, May
201
1
::envihabenvihab
––
Integral Test of Technology Integral Test of Technology forfor
SpaceSpace
Bio-Reactor
terr
estr
ial
:envihab
The
role
of :envihab
Closed-Loop Life Support (Regenerative) Fuel Cells Healthcare & FitnessGreenhouse
Date - 13
:env
ihab
Spac
e Ex
plor
atio
nIS
S
Ast
rium
Gm
bH, D
ept.
Ener
gy&
Life
Sup
port
, Dr.
W. R
aats
chen
, May
201
1
::envihabenvihab
––
Integral Integral TestingTesting
of Technologies of Technologies forfor
SpaceSpace
Bio-Reactor
terr
estr
ial
:envihab
Closed-Loop Life Support (Regenerative) Fuel Cells Healthcare & FitnessGreenhouse
Date - 14
:env
ihab
Spac
e Ex
plor
atio
nIS
S
Ast
rium
Gm
bH, D
ept.
Ener
gy&
Life
Sup
port
, Dr.
W. R
aats
chen
, May
201
1
Bio-Reactor
terr
estr
ial
:envihab
ACLS
::envihabenvihab
––
Interoperability of Interoperability of physicophysico--/ chemical and biological / chemical and biological Processes (Processes (HybrideHybride
Systems)Systems)
Closed-Loop Life Support (Regenerative) Fuel Cells Healthcare & FitnessGreenhouse
Date - 15
:env
ihab
Spac
e Ex
plor
atio
nIS
S
Ast
rium
Gm
bH, D
ept.
Ener
gy&
Life
Sup
port
, Dr.
W. R
aats
chen
, May
201
1
Bio-Reactor
terr
estr
ial
:envihab
ACLS
::envihabenvihab
––
Interoperability of Humans & TechnologiesInteroperability of Humans & Technologies
Closed-Loop Life Support (Regenerative) Fuel Cells Healthcare & FitnessGreenhouse
Date - 16
Status and advancing of Habitat technologiesfor exploration and terrestrial means
Date - 17
Alcaline
Electrolyser/ Fuel
Cell
Regenerative System functional
laboratoryset
up
Derived interesting components and national developments e.g. for Regenerative energy systems
▪
Status, achievements (1)chem./ phys. ECLS, Life support system ACLS (ARES) for COLUMBUS
Date - 18
▪
Status, achievements (2)(“Biological
Systems”)
-
CEBAS artificial aquatic ecosystem (fishes, snakes, plants, micro organism), STS 89/ 90
-
Omegahab
modular bioreactor, O2 and CO2 generation/ exchange between alga and larva, FOTON M-1, M-2, M-3 and on BION M-1 (2012)
-
ModuLES
Study (preparation/ need of research on biol. Systems)after a CFI 2010 many proposals and LOI
-
ANITA infrared spectroscopy based air contaminant measuring System, used/ accommodated on ISS for one year
-
E-Nose
detection of microbial contamination
-
LSS synergetic Life Support System, draft version of a Hybrid System combining fuel cell with alga bioreactor
astronaut Clay Anderson during the ANITA experiment phase
Date - 19
▪
Status, achievements (3)-
Synergetic System (PBR, FC energy-provision, food production)
increase of ηclose
(different scenarios)
by
decrease
of e.g. food
resupply calculated
by
HIL-test
Date - 20
▪
Advancing of Habitat technologies (1)for exploration and terrestrial means
a)
improve space Habitat technologiesand
systems for long duration mission
b) derived systems/ components for environmental- friendly Habitat/ regenerative systems
…mainly two-fold developments divided in
Date - 21
▪
Advancing of Habitat technologies (2)
a => Additional biology system/ components to reduce the resupply
Best candidate to further reduce (close) the resupply is
a supplement
of chem./ phys.
by
biolgical
components
(Hybrid)
b =>
Systems/ components of Habitat and regenerative systems
need to
combine, adapt or extend in a efficiency manner
Syne
rgie
s
envihab test enviroment
Date - 22
▪
Conclusion/ Outlook
Habitat /synergetic systems and regenerative systems delivermany components for terrestrial synergy and advantages
► justified further activities/ intentions-
Inventory, what can most efficiently be combined (Hybrid Systems etc.)
-
additional research and developments of biol. systems (ModuLES
etc.)
-
Advancing and additional developing of chem./ phys. components
► combining, testing and processing probably within envihab
25.05.2011
Testbed
and application
?
envihab Symposium 2011
envihab
–
Research Center
25.05.2011
Roadmap: Biosphere
(Life Support) & Exploration from
a Life Sciences + Technology Perspective
envihab Symposium 2011
Physico-chemical LSS
Physico-chemical LSS
Biological LSSBiological LSSTechnology
Mono-Species SystemMono-Species System MesocosmosMesocosmos Sustainable EcosystemSustainable Ecosystem BiosphereBiosphere
z.B. STATEXC.E.B.A.S./OmniHab/AquaHab
Adv. ModuLES CELSS?
Shuttle / ISS
ModuLES
Development
Bio-Sats
/ ISS / other
Stations
/ Orbiters
and Landers
to outer
BodiesPlanetary
Stations
Basic Research Earth Application
envihab
–
Research Center
25.05.2011
A Few
Examples
Biomimetics
for Sustainability
AntiFreeze
Coatings
AntiMicrobial
Coatings
Photobioreactors
for
Energy Convertion
etc.
Habitate Research
CoolingSystems
Prevention
of Biofilms
No Nuclear
Power
Habitate ResearchCoolingSystems
Prevention
of Biofilms
No Nuclear
Power
envihab Symposium 2011
Earth Application
Freezers
BMBF funded
Antifouling
BMBF funded
Alternative Energy Concepts
/ Demands
BMBF funded
Earth Application
Freezers
BMBF funded
Antifouling
BMBF funded
Alternative Energy Concepts
/ Demands
BMBF funded
Indutry Partners
Bergolin
GmbH, Liebherr Hausgeräte
GmbH
EVONIC
Ehrfeld GmbH, and others
25.05.2011
Summary
and Perspective
Human Activities on Earth are Continually Degrading Natural Ecosystems. Future Habitats Need to Consider
and to Prevent
this Clearly.
Scientific Research and Innovative Developments are necessary.
It is obvious that Habitat Research and Technology Development for Space can benefit tremendously to Earth being complementary to all Earth based Ecological Scientific Research.
envihab Symposium 2011
Date - 27
Closed-Loop Life Support (Regenerative) Fuel Cells
:env
ihab
Spac
e Ex
plor
atio
nIS
S
Ast
rium
Gm
bH, D
ept.
Ener
gy&
Life
Sup
port
, Dr.
W. R
aats
chen
, May
201
1
Support a healthy HUMANSHERE on earth
Bio-Reactor
terr
estr
ial
:envihab
ACLS
::envihabenvihab
––
Transfer + Adaptations of Space Technologies for Application onTransfer + Adaptations of Space Technologies for Application on
EarthEarth
Healthcare & FitnessGreenhouse