1st Grade - NJCTLcontent.njctl.org/courses/science/1st-grade-science/light/waves-2/... · 20.11.2015 · Slide 1 / 91 1st Grade Waves 2015-11-20 Slide 2 / 91 Table of Contents ·

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1st Grade

Waves

2015-11-20

www.njctl.org

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Table of Contents

· What are Waves?Click on the topic to go to that section

· Sound

· Sight

· What Happens When Light Hits Certain Objects

· Communication

· Shadows

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What are Waves?

Return to Tableof Contents

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What are Waves?

Have you ever been at a beach or a lake and watched the water move up and down and across the shore?

Have you listened to someone playing a violin or a guitar and watch the strings move up and down and across?

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What are Waves?In both of those cases, you are seeing waves! The water in the ocean and the string of the guitar move up and down or across in a regular pattern (you never see just one wave at the beach).

Can you think of any other times you see something moving like that?

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What are Waves?In both of those cases, you are seeing waves! The water in the ocean and the string of the guitar move up and down or across in a regular pattern (you never see just one wave at the beach).

Can you think of any other times you see something moving like that?

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[This object is a teacher notes pull tab]

Students might bring up a slinky,holding on to a rope and wiggling it, waves coming from a moving boat, etc. Some might also talk aboutlight or sound.

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Waves DemoNow we are going to make some waves of our own. If you look down on a bucket full of water, this is what it looks like.

The water in the bucket is calm, nothing is moving.

But what happens if you drop a rock into the bucket?

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Waves DemoNow we are going to make some waves of our own. If you look down on a bucket full of water, this is what it looks like.

The water in the bucket is calm, nothing is moving.

But what happens if you drop a rock into the bucket?

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This is the water wave in a basin demo.

Fill the basin with water and drop a rock into the water and see the waves move outwards from that point.


Water Waves

After you dropped the rock, did you see something like this?

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Water Waves

wavesThe rock hit the water here!

The bumps in the water are the wave moving away from where the rock hit the surface of the water.

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Water Waves

Up

Down

Waves cause an up and down motion in the water.

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Water WavesIt's easier to see this up and down motion here.

The red line shows when the water was calm or flat. Can you see that the wave goes above the red line as well as

below it?

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1 Can you find waves anywhere other than the beach?

Yes

No

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1 Can you find waves anywhere other than the beach?

Yes

No

[This object is a pull tab]

Ans

wer

Yes


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Sound


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Waves & Sound Activity

Sound is another type of wave, and these are the waves that we hear as music or people talking or just plain noise!

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Waves & Sound Activity

Sound is another type of wave, and these are the waves that we hear as music or people talking or just plain noise!

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Before proceeding further with the presentation, perform the waves and sound activity lab.

Please access the following documents on the teacher section of the NJCTL website:

· Teacher notes


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Tuning Fork

Handle(Hold it here)

Hit this end against hard

object

What happens when you hit the tuning fork against your desk?

Tuning forks are pieces of metal which can make different sounds when hit.

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Tuning Fork

Sound needs something to move through. It moves the "something" very fast up and down or backwards and forwards. This is called a vibration. We can hear this

vibration as a sound.

What is the "something" which sound moves through?

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Tuning Fork

You should hear something after you hit the tuning fork against the desk. You should hear a sound!

This sound comes from the vibration, the movement of the tuning fork! How can you prove the end of the tuning fork is vibrating and that it is making the sound?

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Tuning Fork

You should hear something after you hit the tuning fork against the desk. You should hear a sound!

This sound comes from the vibration, the movement of the tuning fork! How can you prove the end of the tuning fork is vibrating and that it is making the sound?

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The students can prove the end of the tuning fork is vibrating in two ways.

1) Grab the end of the tuning fork and they should feel the vibrations.

2) Place the tip of the tuning fork into a basin of water or something and you should notice ripples. This is from the tuning forks end repeatedly hitting the water!

By grabbing the end of the tuning fork they will stop the vibration and they should also hear the sound go away.


Tuning Fork

After hitting the tuning fork against the desk, if you grab this end,

you should feel the vibrations!

Try it!

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Tuning Fork

You can also touch the end to a basin of water and see the waves that it will make from hitting the water.

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Tuning Fork

By playing with the tuning forks, you should be able to prove for yourself that the sound comes from the

movement in the one end of the fork.

When you grabbed the end to feel the vibrations, what did you notice happened to the sound and the

vibrations?

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Tuning Fork

So a tuning fork can produce a sound through vibrations.

In this picture, what's different about each of these tuning forks?

Do you think they will all sound the same?

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Tuning Fork

So a tuning fork can produce a sound through vibrations.

In this picture, what's different about each of these tuning forks?

Do you think they will all sound the same?

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The tuning forks are each different lengths and sizes


Pitch

So the longer tuning forks will make a lower pitch and the shorter ones will make a higher pitch.

Do you know what "pitch" is?

Play with each of the tuning forks and describe what you hear. Each has a different pitch.

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Pitch

So the longer tuning forks will make a lower pitch and the shorter ones will make a higher pitch.

Do you know what "pitch" is?

Play with each of the tuning forks and describe what you hear. Each has a different pitch.

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The longer tuning forks will produce a lower pitched sound while the shorter tuning forks will produce a higher pitched sound, the students should be able to notice the difference.

Here is a cool website you can use to show this:

http://www.onlinetuningfork.com/


PitchIf you are still confused about what pitch is, let us try to define it in another way.

Look at these two dogs.

What do you think each of their barks would sound like?

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PitchThe big dog will probably have a deep bark! The puppy will

probably have a high squeaky bark!

Even though both dogs can bark, their barks will have different pitches.

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http://www.onlinetuningfork.com/

Pitch

Can you make a sentence which relates this picture to what you have learned about pitch?

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2 Using the ruler given on the right, which tuning fork will give a higher pitch (which is shortest)?

AB

CD

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2 Using the ruler given on the right, which tuning fork will give a higher pitch (which is shortest)?

AB

CD


Ans

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B


3 Using the ruler given on the right, which tuning fork will give a lower pitch (which is longest)?

A B

C

D

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3 Using the ruler given on the right, which tuning fork will give a lower pitch (which is longest)?

A B

C

D


Ans

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C


Sound

Can you name some other objects that make sound by vibrating?

We mentioned a guitar in the

beginning of this unit.

Are there any other instruments that

vibrate?

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Sound

Can you name some other objects that make sound by vibrating?

We mentioned a guitar in the

beginning of this unit.

Are there any other instruments that

vibrate?

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Drums make sound through vibrations, the moving stretched sheet when struck vibrates.

Guitar string vibrates and makes sound.

Speakers vibrate back and forth producing sound, this is how your ear buds work!

And any other example that deals with vibrations is also good.


Sound

So far we have shown that moving a tuning fork and hitting an object causes vibrations and sound, but can it

work in reverse?

Can your speakers or ear buds cause an object to

move?

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Sound

So far we have shown that moving a tuning fork and hitting an object causes vibrations and sound, but can it

work in reverse?

Can your speakers or ear buds cause an object to

move?

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The answer is yes, sound waves can cause motion.

A really cool demonstration is when you have a non-Newtonian fluid on a speaker. The sound waves cause it to jump around!

Also if you simply place your hand in front of a loud speaker you can feel your hand start to vibrate!Click here for the video.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yoB0pM2VASg


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Sight


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Sight: Cave Explorer Activity

Let us explore the ability of sight.

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Sight: Cave Explorer Activity

Let us explore the ability of sight.Te

ache

r Not

es


This is the Light Cave Explorer Activity.


· Teacher notes


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Sight

If we have all the lights turned off

in the classroom, can you see

anything?

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Sight

So if it's dark and you cannot see anything what do you do so you can see?

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Sight

So if it's dark and you cannot see anything what do you do so you can see?

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Get a flashlight and turn it on!

Turn on the lights!

If you're out camping, you can start a campfire with proper adult supervision, of course.


Sight

If all the lights are

on, can you see?

So, what must we have so we can see?

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Sight

If all the lights are

on, can you see?

So, what must we have so we can see?

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When the students turn on the flashlight they should be able to see the images on the walls and ceilings.

If the lights are on, you can see.


Light

We can only see an object when there is light.

Can you name other sources of light besides this bulb?

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Light

Rays of light will move in straight paths until they hit something else.

Light can be reflected (bounce off of something) or be absorbed (like a sponge soaking up water)

rays of light moving in a straight path

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Sight

In order to see a box, you need to have light rays hit the surface of the box and bounce back (be reflected) towards your eye!

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Sight

In order to see a box, you need to have light rays hit the surface of the box and bounce back (be reflected) towards your eye!

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Show how the light is coming from the Sun at the top left, bounces off the box, and then enters the person's eye at the lower left.


Sight

As we said before, if there were no light, you would not be able to see the box.

Nothing would be reflected towards your eye and you could not see the box.

nothing is reflected

This is why we cannot see in the dark!

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4 In order for our eyes to work, we need _________.

A sound

B movement

C light

D glasses

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4 In order for our eyes to work, we need _________.

A sound

B movement

C light

D glasses


Ans

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C


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What Happens When Light Hits Certain Objects


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Light hitting objects

In your everyday lives what are some things that light hits or passes through?

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Light hitting objects

In your everyday lives what are some things that light hits or passes through?

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Answers include mirrors, walls, people, glasses, water, air, cars, almost anything.


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Objects in Light's Path LabIn science, we like to list things, so we can understand

what's going on.

Light hits 4 different types of objects and acts differently with each one. Here they are:

Transparent Objects

Translucent Objects

Opaque Objects

Reflective Objects

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Objects in Light's Path LabIn science, we like to list things, so we can understand

what's going on.

Light hits 4 different types of objects and acts differently with each one. Here they are:

Transparent Objects

Translucent Objects

Opaque Objects

Reflective Objects

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This is the objects in light's path lab.


· Teacher notes


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Transparent Transparent means something that is clear and allows all light to pass through it. The glass in most windows is transparent.

In the image you can see what it looks like outside the window.

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Transparent ALL light passes through a transparent object.

Light before hitting transparent object

Light after hitting transparent object

transparent object

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Transparent ALL light passes through a transparent object.



transparent object

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Here all the light rays pass through the screen.

You can clearly see what is on the other side of the object.


Translucent

Only some of the light passes through a translucent object. Here's two examples.

In these images you can sort of tell what is behind the translucent blocks, but you cannot see clearly.

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Translucent

The only way to tell this person is wearing a black and gray striped shirt is by looking here.

The rest of the person behind the blocks is difficult to see.

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Translucent

SOME light passes through a translucent object.

Light before hitting translucent object

Light after hitting translucent object

translucent object

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Translucent

SOME light passes through a translucent object.



translucent object

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Here it is important to note that not all the light passes through the translucent object. Fewer rays emerge on the other side.


Opaque

None of the light hitting an opaque object passes through.

A box is opaque.

If you placed an object in a closed cardboard box, would your friend be able to see what you placed inside of box?

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Opaque

None of the light hitting an opaque object passes through.

A box is opaque.

If you placed an object in a closed cardboard box, would your friend be able to see what you placed inside of box?

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Your friend would not be able to see the object.

You cannot see through cardboard.


Opaque

NO light passes through an opaque object.

Light before hitting opaque object

Light after hitting opaque object

opaque object

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Opaque

NO light passes through an opaque object.



opaque object

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Here it is important to note that none of the light passes through the opaque object. You cannot see what is on the other side, this is the same for a wall as well as many other materials.


5 The section that is TRANSPARENT is labeled _______.

A

B

C

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5 The section that is TRANSPARENT is labeled _______.

A

B

C


Ans

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A


6 The section that is OPAQUE is labeled _______.

A

B

C

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6 The section that is OPAQUE is labeled _______.

A

B

C


Ans

wer

C


7 The section that is TRANSLUCENT is labeled _______.

A

B

C

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7 The section that is TRANSLUCENT is labeled _______.

A

B

C


Ans

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B


Opaque

Translucent

Transparent

8 A red box is placed behind another material. Describe the material in front of the box.

A

B

C

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Opaque

Translucent

Transparent


A

B

C [This object is a pull tab]

Ans

wer

A


Opaque

Translucent

Transparent


A

B

C

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Opaque

Translucent

Transparent


A

B

C[This object is a pull tab]

Ans

wer

C


Opaque

Translucent

Transparent


A

B

C

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Opaque

Translucent

Transparent


A

B


Ans

wer

B


ReflectiveAll the light hitting a reflective object bounces off the

surface. It is like throwing a ball at a wall and having it come back to you. A mirror is a reflective surface.

Here we see two kittens, because the one to the right is the reflection from the mirror!

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ReflectiveAll the light hitting a reflective object bounces off the

surface. It is like throwing a ball at a wall and having it come back to you. A mirror is a reflective surface.

Here we see two kittens, because the one to the right is the reflection from the mirror!

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A mirror reflects the light off of the surface.. This is why we are able to see ourselves in a mirror, the light that bounces off of us is reflected back towards us from the mirror.


Reflective

ALL the light bounces off a reflective surface.

Light before hitting reflective object

reflective object

Light after hitting reflective object

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Reflective

ALL the light bounces off a reflective surface.

Light before hitting reflective object

reflective object

Light after hitting reflective object

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When the light hits the reflective surface, nothing goes through the object, it is all reflected backwards in the direction it came from or at the same angle it struck the mirror.


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Shadows


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Shadows

What is a shadow?

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Shadows

What is a shadow?

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A shadow is formed when the light is not able to pass through your body. It makes an outline of your body on the ground. It is like tracing your hand with a pencil; you get the outer shape but you cant tell what your hand looks like.This section will follow along with the light materials lab. By going through the experiment again, ask the students to notice the shadows that are formed when the light strikes the objects, or if any are formed.


Shadows

What will the shadow of an opaque object look like?



opaque object

?

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Shadows

When the light hits the opaque object nothing will pass through and it will form a dark shadow on the other side!



opaque object Shadow!

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Shadows

What will the shadow of a translucent object look like?



translucent object

?

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ShadowsWhen the light hits the translucent object some of the light

will pass through and it will form a shadow on the other side, but it wont be as dark!



translucent object Shadow!

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Shadows

Will a transparent object form a shadow?



transparent object?

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Shadows

No, the transparent object would not have formed a shadow, all the light passes through!



transparent object

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Communication


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Communications

When we want to talk to family or friends, we are able to simply pick up a phone, dial a number, and speak into it.

Communicating was not always like that.

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Communications

In ancient times the means of communicating were as basic as writing a letter and giving it to someone who would run great distances to deliver the message.

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CommunicationsOther means included setting fires to signal certain messages, perhaps the lookout on top of a mountain would set a fire to warn the village below of a possible attack.

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CommunicationsThe drumming of certain villages could be used to send messages over great distances.

Each rhythm and beat could represent a certain message which others would be able to recognize.

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String Phone Lab

You can make a very basic phone using only a couple of styrofoam cups and a string!

Give it a try!

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String Phone Lab

You can make a very basic phone using only a couple of styrofoam cups and a string!

Give it a try!

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This is the string phone lab.


· Lab presentation· Student worksheet· Teacher notes


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Communication

Not only can we communicate by talking to one another. We can also communicate through patterns, colors, and lights.

Can you think of some other examples?

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Communication

You could have listed flashing a light, smoke signals like they used to do in the old days, but one of my favorite examples is a traffic light!

What does a traffic light communicate?

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11 The light meaning STOP is labeled _____.

A

B

C

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11 The light meaning STOP is labeled _____.

A

B


Ans

wer

A


12 The light meaning GO is labeled _____.

A

B

C

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12 The light meaning GO is labeled _____.

A

B


Ans

wer

C


13 The light meaning SLOW DOWN is labeled _____.

A

B

C

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13 The light meaning SLOW DOWN is labeled _____.

A

B


Ans

wer

B


Communication

As a fun classroom activity, you can all play the game red light, green light. Your teacher will have both a red light and

a green light which they can turn off and on.

You are only allowed to move when the light is green, GO!!!

You can not move when the light is red, you have to STOP!!!

You have to see who can make it all the way across the room.

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Documents

1st Grade - NJCTLcontent.njctl.org/courses/science/1st-grade-science/light/waves-2/... · 20.11.2015 · Slide 1 / 91 1st Grade Waves 2015-11-20 Slide 2 / 91 Table of Contents ·