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INTRODUCTION TO GPS

USING GARMIN E-TREXVISTA HCx

OSM TIPS GarminTeam

Ken Eltschlager Lukus Monette

Scott Davies

Rick Lamkie

Bill Shuss

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Administratium

(Heaviest element known to man)

Welcome

Training Facilities

HotelBreaks

Vouchers

Notebook

Class AgendaSign-in

Introductions Who, Where, What do you do? Experience with GPS?

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First a word from our 

sponsors …… TIPS

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Class Goals

Gather site specific data in a global arena

Get a unit in everyone’s hands as ameans of working our field personnel upthe GPS technology ladder 

“No inspector left behind!”

Maps are easy!

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Locations - Regulatory

HousesWellsWater monitoringPoints

Blast LocationsComplaintsPermit SignsBore holesPreblast surveysSeismographsSeeps/springs

Flyrock

Compliance House,Compliance House,

450’450’

Complaint House,Complaint House,

550’550’

Complaint House 2,Complaint House 2,

1500’1500’

Blast

Location

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Spatial Relationships are

Important!Example: Vibration Directional Effects

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Locations - AML

Potholes

Shafts

Drill holes

Seeps

Water sampling

Inventory ID

HousesWells

Entries/audits

Endangered speciesFire vents

A

A

A

A

1902 Sanborn Map Overlain on 1914 Madison

County No. 4 Mine Map

GPS BoreholeMeasurement

GPSmeasurement

Of Air Shaft-Errant ?

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Areas - Regulatory

Permits

Bonding

Stockpiles

Ponds

Haul roadsLandslides

Blasting

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Areas - AML

Landslides

Mine fires

Disturbed areas

Site access routes

SubsidenceLinear features too

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Linear Features

Roads

Diversions

Property lines

Highwalls

Erosion gullies

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How Locations and

Areas?

Survey (costly)

Compass and rangefinder (line of sight)

Compass and tape

Grid map (eyeball)GPS Best technology

currently available!

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WHAT IS GPS?

Global PositioningSystem (GPS)

is a satellite-based

Navigation system

U.S. Department of DefenseNAVSTAR, the official U.S. DoD name for 

GPSThe first GPS satellite was launched in 1978 A full constellation of 24 satellites was

achieved in 1994

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GPS satellites:Orbit the earth at about 12,000 milesConstantly moving, two complete orbits in less

than 24 hours

Travel at roughly 7,000 miles an hour Satellites are powered by solar energy

1980’s - System available for civilian use butwith Selective Availability (scrambledsignal), accuracy 300 feet

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HOW GPS WORKS

Selective Availability off in May 2001, nowuseable as a hand held unit

Triangulation to calculate locationWhen locked on to at least three satellites,

can calculate a 2D position (latitude and

longitude)Four or more satellites, can determine a 3D

position (latitude, longitude and altitude)

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HOW GPS WORKS

Standard accuracy with original satellites,40 feet

WAAS (Wide Area Augmentation System)capability will improve accuracy to lessthan 10 feet on average.

Differential correction provides accuracy towithin 3 feet, under ideal conditions less

than 1 - foot

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What is

WAAS?

Federal Aviation Administration Project - augmentsthe GPS constellation to meet the necessaryintegrity, availability, accuracy, and continuity for usein all phases of flight (airplanes)

WAAS consists of:25 reference stations2 master stations2 geosynchronous satellites3 uplink stations

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WAAS Components

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How Does It Work?

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How Does It Work?

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How Does It Work?

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How Does It Work?

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GEO Transition

Provides Dual Coverage Over CONUS and Alaska with AOR/W as hot spare

INMARSAT 3

AOR/W

54°W

INMARSAT 3

POR

178°E

INMARSAT AOR/W

98°W

Telesat

107°W

PanAmSat

133°W

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WAAS Status

WAAS has been available for recreational useand visual flight rules since August 2001

WAAS was approved for aviation instrumentoperations on July 10, 2003

Provides 100% coverage of Continental US & Alaska from 100,000ft. to surface

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WAAS Status

Began publication of WAAS specificapproaches in September 2003

Continuing to develop the system to expandvertical navigation to most of North America 

2-3 meter accuracy

More information-http://gps.faa.gov/gpsbasics/index.htm

http://www.gpsinformation.org/dale/dgps.htm

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Accuracy and Precision

“Accuracy is the degree to which a measuredvalue conforms to true or accepted values.

 Accuracy is a measure of correctness.”

“Precision measures exactness. … It is ameasure of the control over random error.”

From: ESRI GIS Dictionary, 2005

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USGS Accuracy and

Precision Standards

90% of “well-defined points” must be plotted to within1/50th an inch accuracy on a 1:24,000 scale mapwhich is the equivalent of 40 feet on ground surface.

“Well-defined points are easily visible or recoverableon the ground, such as the following: monuments or 

markers, property boundary monuments;intersection of roads and railroads; corners of largebuildings or structures (or center points of smallbuildings).”

From: USGS Map Accuracy Standards Fact Sheet FS-171-99 (November 1999)

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Leica SR530 shown set up over USGS monument. Trimble with ArcPadsetup in foreground. Garmin GPS Map 76 resting on USGS monument.

Garmin

Trimble

Leica SR530

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GPS Equipment Summary

Garmin eTrex Vista Easy to use anddownload.Sufficiently accurate in

getting locations for mining.Projects in ArcView.Waypoint navigation

can be used to locatefield features.Inexpensive to ownand operate. 

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GPS Equipment Summary

Trimble with Laptop and Arcpad

Slight ‘learning curve’.

Physically cumbersome.

 Accurate for measuring

mining locations.

‘Real-time location’ onconvenient base map(s)

is very useful.Fairly expensive to own

and operate.

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GPS Equipment Summary

Leica SR530 Significant ‘learning curve’.

Physically cumbersome.

Highly precise and accuratemeasurement.

Not useful in ‘finding things’.

Requires downloading datain office.

Expensive to own and

operate.

Trac an Po nt Compar son

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Trac an Po nt Compar sonGarmin vs Trimble

Garmin

Trimble

GPS SELECTION

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GPS SELECTION

40 feet 10 feet 3 feet

Low end Mid range High end

$100 $350 $4,000

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Garmin Etrex (Vista)

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Waypoints

Symbols

Names (Shot121103)Coordinates

Elevation

500 waypoint limit Averaging

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Tracks

Track is a cookiecrumb trail

Distance or timebased

10,000 points

20 saved tracksLinear Features

 AREAS!!!

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Software

Download GPS data to desktop

Map Source – Manage the dataEdit data

Save data monthly or by site

 AutoCadd conversion .dxf 

TopoFusion – Display the dataTopographic Maps

 Aerial photographs

Conversion – shape files

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Garmin GPS in Mining

Location and distance documentation

Spatial relationships established

WAAS enabled system - $400

Permanent documentation of field data

Develop site schematicsRelate to topographic maps

Relate to aerial photographs

Include in reporting

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FinalProduct

QUESTIONS?

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Global Positioning System

 Your location is:

37o 23.323’ N

122o 02.162’ W

QUESTIONS?

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GPS units

Garmin eTrex Vista HCxGPS

Quick guideOwner’s manual

USB Cable

Trip and Waypoint Manager 

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Often 2-3 meters

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Each button has a double purpose:

Depress and hold for second function

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Power on

Satellite page

Menu buttonThumbstick

“Use with GPS

Off”

S t llit P

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Satellite PageLocation Accuracy

Displays currentlocation coordinates(dd mm.mmm or 

dd mm ss.s)

 Acquired satellitesdarken

Outer ring – Horizon

Inner ring – 45o of sky

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WAAS

Satellites 35, 48 and 51

“D” indicates differentialcorrection

Begin data acquisitionwhen accuracy is

acceptable (almanacacquired)

Best with a clear view of 

sky (like most mines)D D D

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SET PAGES

MAP ALTIMETER MAIN

MENU

COMPASS

M P

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Map Page

The blackarrowheadrepresentsyou and thedirection you

are facing.

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Inside

Explore withQuit/Page Button

Map Page

Location?

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Inside

Power buttonBacklight

StatusDate/time

Power off 

O t id

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Outside

Power on

South view

 Acquire satellitesWAAS (35, 48, 51)

Explore map page

Zoom in and out

Power off 

15 minutes

G i Vi t HC B tt

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Garmin Vista HCx Buttons

POWER Button

QUIT/PAGE/COMPASS

Used to cycle through

 pages

ZOOMIN/OUT

CLICK STICK:

Can be pressedin, moved

up/down, or 

left/right

MENU/FIND