1Gillian Anne Comyn, DVM, MPH Virginia Johne’s Disease Control and Prevention Program (VJDCPP) These slides include JD Program information from Drs. Ernest

1Gillian Anne Comyn, DVM, MPH

Virginia Johne’s Disease Virginia Johne’s Disease Control and Prevention Control and Prevention

Program (VJDCPP)Program (VJDCPP)

These slides include JD Program These slides include JD Program information frominformation fromDrs. Drs. Michael A. Carter (National) and Ernest Hovingh (Virginia)Ernest Hovingh (Virginia)

Dr. Gillian Comyn, Designated Johne’s Coordinator, VirginiaDr. Gillian Comyn, Designated Johne’s Coordinator, Virginia


Johne’s Disease is costly!Johne’s Disease is costly!

EconomicEconomic TradeTrade High prevalence in US herdHigh prevalence in US herd Zoonosis?Zoonosis?


National Voluntary National Voluntary Bovine Johne’s Disease Bovine Johne’s Disease

Control ProgramControl Program

USAHAUSDA

APHIS VS

State




Johne's DiseaseJohne's DiseaseState VBJDCP Programs

August 2003

State meeting minimum standards 34 States

Not fully compliant


National Voluntary Bovine National Voluntary Bovine Johne’s Disease Control Johne’s Disease Control

ProgramProgram Mission Statement :

(Approved USAHA ’95)Assess any potential association between Johne’s and human health and develop and coordinate implementation of a National Johne’s Program.


National Voluntary Bovine National Voluntary Bovine Johne’s Disease Control Johne’s Disease Control

ProgramProgram

Help protect the public and animal health, reduce economic burden upon producers and develop a uniform approach for control, herd certification, and eventual eradication of this insidious and costly disease in the USA


Johne’s Disease Control Johne’s Disease Control ProgramProgram

FY 04 ~ $14,100,000 to StatesFY 04 ~ $14,100,000 to States EducationEducation Producer incentivesProducer incentives Laboratory and data infrastructureLaboratory and data infrastructure National demonstration project-National demonstration project- 18 18

States: 68 HerdsStates: 68 Herds Field studies-validation of methodsField studies-validation of methods


PurposeStandardize State programs (management plans and

testing programs)Foundation for future program activities (animal

movement, trade, indemnity, etc)Administration

Designated Johne’s disease CoordinatorState Johne’s disease GroupJohne’s Certified VeterinariansJohne’s Certified Implementers

Uniform Program Standards for the Uniform Program Standards for the Voluntary Bovine Johne’s Disease Control Voluntary Bovine Johne’s Disease Control

Program - OverviewProgram - Overview



Basic requirements for States to Basic requirements for States to meet the minimum standardsmeet the minimum standards Documentation describing:Documentation describing:

Johne’s disease Education Johne’s disease Education program in placeprogram in place

Management programManagement program Test positive programTest positive program Test negative programTest negative program






Basic requirements for States to Basic requirements for States to meet the minimum standardsmeet the minimum standards Designated Johne’s disease coordinator Designated Johne’s disease coordinator

(DJC)(DJC) Functional State Johne’s working Functional State Johne’s working

group/advisory committeegroup/advisory committee Quarterly Reporting – VS Memo 553.6Quarterly Reporting – VS Memo 553.6


VJDCPPVJDCPP

National Working Group, Regional National Working Group, Regional Johne’s Epi oversightJohne’s Epi oversight

Cooperative AgreementCooperative Agreement State Working GroupState Working Group Designated Johne’s Coordinator - Designated Johne’s Coordinator -

“DJC”“DJC” Johne’s Certified Veterinarians - JCVsJohne’s Certified Veterinarians - JCVs Johne’s Certified Implementers - JCIsJohne’s Certified Implementers - JCIs VDACS LaboratoryVDACS Laboratory


Administrative OversightAdministrative Oversight Review of a State’s VBJDCP Activities and Review of a State’s VBJDCP Activities and

ProgressProgress

The Chief Staff Veterinarian, National Center The Chief Staff Veterinarian, National Center of Animal Health Programs, VS, of Animal Health Programs, VS,

Regional Directors, regional epidemiologist, Regional Directors, regional epidemiologist, and staff personnel of VS will visit various and staff personnel of VS will visit various StatesStates

Special evaluation teams comprised of Special evaluation teams comprised of several individuals representing State, several individuals representing State, Federal, and/or industry and academic Federal, and/or industry and academic interests will make visits to designated States interests will make visits to designated States in order to make limited or comprehensive in order to make limited or comprehensive reviews of the State’s VBJDCP.reviews of the State’s VBJDCP.


DJCDJCInterprets laboratory test results and classifies animals/herds tested with Interprets laboratory test results and classifies animals/herds tested with

antigen detection (official) and screening (ELISA) tests.antigen detection (official) and screening (ELISA) tests.

Provides training for personnel performing program work.Provides training for personnel performing program work.

Monitors the involvement of the Johne’s certified veterinarians.Monitors the involvement of the Johne’s certified veterinarians.

Reviews the risk assessments and herd management plans submitted by herd Reviews the risk assessments and herd management plans submitted by herd owners and Johne’s certified veterinarians.owners and Johne’s certified veterinarians.

Periodically audits the program to determine if it is adequately controlling JD in Periodically audits the program to determine if it is adequately controlling JD in the State.the State.

Assists animal health officials, herd owners, and the herd owner’s Johne’s Assists animal health officials, herd owners, and the herd owner’s Johne’s certifiedcertified

veterinarian with developing herd management plans as requested or needed.veterinarian with developing herd management plans as requested or needed.

Participates in State Johne’s Disease Group. Participates in State Johne’s Disease Group.

Provides required reports to the VS Regional Johne’s disease epidemiologist and Provides required reports to the VS Regional Johne’s disease epidemiologist and the Johne’s staff of VS, National Center of Animal Health Programs, on the the Johne’s staff of VS, National Center of Animal Health Programs, on the progress of the program.progress of the program.


Johne’s Certified Johne’s Certified ImplementersImplementers

In Virginia’s JD Program, In Virginia’s JD Program, JCIs provide an objective JCIs provide an objective third party during risk third party during risk assessments, help develop assessments, help develop herd plans, AND are key herd plans, AND are key educators on Johne’s educators on Johne’s Disease and the ProgramDisease and the Program..


Johne’s Certified Johne’s Certified VeterinariansVeterinarians

Johne’s certified veterinarians must Johne’s certified veterinarians must be accredited, be accredited,

Receive additional education on Receive additional education on Johne’s disease, and Johne’s disease, and

have the knowledge needed tohave the knowledge needed toa. Develop approved herd-a. Develop approved herd-management plans.management plans.b. Provide appropriate JD risk b. Provide appropriate JD risk assessments.assessments.


JCVs…JCVs…

Understand JD epidemiology, Understand JD epidemiology, testing, and test interpretation.testing, and test interpretation.

d. Understand State and Federal d. Understand State and Federal program requirements.program requirements.

e. Collect and submit fecal, e. Collect and submit fecal, tissue, and blood samples for JD tissue, and blood samples for JD testing.testing.



Program - Overview Program - Overview

Test Negative Component

Management - requires risk assessment and herd management plan

Test Positive ComponentOptional Assessment Levels

Test 30 animals that are ≥30

months of age

Herd Classification-requires risk assessment, herd management plan and

testing

Education


Getting StartedGetting Started

Virginia Johne’s Disease Control Virginia Johne’s Disease Control and Prevention Programand Prevention Program offers offers different levels of participation different levels of participation

Education is the first stepEducation is the first step How to enroll? Risk Assessment and How to enroll? Risk Assessment and

Herd PlanHerd Plan Enrollment incentives Enrollment incentives

Lower Test Fees (ELISA, Fecal) for Lower Test Fees (ELISA, Fecal) for participantsparticipants

Reimbursement to producer for JCV time to do Reimbursement to producer for JCV time to do Risk Assessment/Herd Plan – up to $265.00!! Risk Assessment/Herd Plan – up to $265.00!!


Management LevelManagement Level There is no test requirement at this level – There is no test requirement at this level –

the emphasis is on management! the emphasis is on management! A herd can renew every 12 (+/- 2) months A herd can renew every 12 (+/- 2) months

from anniversary of first enrollment. from anniversary of first enrollment. For initial year at Management Level, For initial year at Management Level,

producer may enroll the herd anonymously producer may enroll the herd anonymously (JCV keeps record of identity!)(JCV keeps record of identity!)

After the first year, the herd must reveal After the first year, the herd must reveal its identity to continue in the program.its identity to continue in the program.


Management LevelManagement Level

Opportunity to put management Opportunity to put management practices in placepractices in place

Does not necessarily mean “dirty Does not necessarily mean “dirty herd”!!!herd”!!!

In NY State where JD program is In NY State where JD program is well established, and many low well established, and many low prevalence herds, majority of herds prevalence herds, majority of herds (some very low prevalence) are at (some very low prevalence) are at Management Level. Management Level.


Risk Assessment and Risk Assessment and Herd PlanHerd Plan

Three titles – How To, Dairy, and BeefThree titles – How To, Dairy, and Beef 3rd edition – authors of the 3 editions 3rd edition – authors of the 3 editions

include top JD experts like Drs. include top JD experts like Drs. Christine Rossiter, and Don Hansen, Christine Rossiter, and Don Hansen, Mike Collins, Bob Whitlock and many Mike Collins, Bob Whitlock and many othersothers

Validated risk assessment instrument Validated risk assessment instrument and weighted risk factorsand weighted risk factors


EssentialEssential Minimum Minimum Practices - DairyPractices - Dairy

Colostrum - use single identified test-Colostrum - use single identified test-negative or healthy low-risk cow; no negative or healthy low-risk cow; no poolingpooling

Milk - use milk replacer or pasteurized Milk - use milk replacer or pasteurized milkmilk

Age segregation – decreases exposure to Age segregation – decreases exposure to MAPMAP

Clinical Suspects – Separate and RecordClinical Suspects – Separate and Record


Minimum management Minimum management practices— dairy herdspractices— dairy herds

Prevent infectionPrevent infection !!!!

Maternity area - clean and dry, low Maternity area - clean and dry, low density as possible, keep separate density as possible, keep separate from sick penfrom sick pen

Newborn calves - immediately Newborn calves - immediately separate from dam, other adultsseparate from dam, other adults


Minimum management Minimum management practices— beef herdspractices— beef herds

Calving areas –clean and dry as possibleCalving areas –clean and dry as possible

Density of cow and calf pairs –low as possibleDensity of cow and calf pairs –low as possible

Feeding –reduce manure contamination of Feeding –reduce manure contamination of feed and feeding areas as much as possiblefeed and feeding areas as much as possible

Colostrum - from the calf’s dam or from Colostrum - from the calf’s dam or from another single source from a test-negative another single source from a test-negative or healthy low-risk animalor healthy low-risk animal

Age segregation - raise weaned replacements Age segregation - raise weaned replacements separate from older animalsseparate from older animals


Minimum biosecurity Minimum biosecurity measuresmeasures

To reduce exposure of susceptible animals To reduce exposure of susceptible animals to manure or milk from cattle of unknown to manure or milk from cattle of unknown JD StatusJD Status

Prevent exposure to other susceptible Prevent exposure to other susceptible species (e.g., sheep, goats, farmed deer, species (e.g., sheep, goats, farmed deer, camelids, nonprogram cattle). camelids, nonprogram cattle).

The herd management plan – includes The herd management plan – includes biosecurity measures biosecurity measures


Test LevelsTest Levels

(From Dr. (From Dr. Hovingh’Hovingh’s Power s Power Point, Point, PSU PSU credits)credits)


Test Negative Status Test Negative Status LevelsLevels

The The test-negative status option: test-negative status option: extensive and repeated diagnostic extensive and repeated diagnostic testing requirementstesting requirements

Allows herds to progress through a Allows herds to progress through a series of 4 levels - each representing series of 4 levels - each representing a greater probability that Johne’s a greater probability that Johne’s Disease is not present in the herd. Disease is not present in the herd.

Official Status – known probability of Official Status – known probability of JD infection…JD infection…


Test Negative Status – Standard Test Negative Status – Standard Track- General ConceptTrack- General Concept

2 3 41?

TEST

ELISA 30 ≥ 30 months of age

ELISASubset

CultureSubset

ELISASubset

Higher Status Level means more likely free of Johne's disease

Herd Status Level

85% 95% 98% 99%


Test NegativeTest Negative

Agreement Form – culls, additions Agreement Form – culls, additions within the past 12 months. within the past 12 months.

Official ID on each animal Official ID on each animal

Random Sampling…Random Sampling…

Renewal – new RA/HP, testing, Renewal – new RA/HP, testing, agreement…agreement…


Test Negative - Fast Track OptionTest Negative - Fast Track OptionGeneral ConceptGeneral Concept

2 3 4?

Statement of no disease for 5 years

ELISASubset

CultureSubset

ELISASubset

Higher Status Level means more likely free of Johne's disease

Herd Status Level

95% 98% 99%


Fast TrackFast Track ““I am fully aware of the management I am fully aware of the management

and disease history of the herd during and disease history of the herd during the past 5 years.the past 5 years.

Johne’s Disease is not known or Johne’s Disease is not known or suspected to have existed in the herd suspected to have existed in the herd during the past 5 years, or on the during the past 5 years, or on the property during the past 12 months.property during the past 12 months.

No cattle have been introduced from No cattle have been introduced from known Johne’s-infected herds or known Johne’s-infected herds or unknown status herds during the past unknown status herds during the past 5 years.5 years.””


Herd AdditionsHerd Additions

The program allows for herd additions The program allows for herd additions provided provided they come from same or higher they come from same or higher status level herds. Additions from unknown status level herds. Additions from unknown status herds may be added; however, they status herds may be added; however, they have to be added according to program have to be added according to program rules.rules.

TNS-1 - if the additions are older than 2 TNS-1 - if the additions are older than 2 years old from unknown status herds - have years old from unknown status herds - have to have negative ELISA within 30 days prior to have negative ELISA within 30 days prior to entering herd.to entering herd.



Program – Program – Appeal ProcessAppeal Process

ELISA + Fecal Culture

+ -

Within 45 days

Animal isconsiderednegative

Animal isconsideredpositive

Culture appeal-necropsy or full

thickness biopsy or six fecal cultures 30 to 45

days apart

Suspendedpendingappeal

Within 30 days


Test Positive OptionTest Positive Option

Official level of disease in the herd.Official level of disease in the herd. Currently no test-positive program Currently no test-positive program

option in Virginia’s Johne’s Program. option in Virginia’s Johne’s Program.

If producers express sufficient If producers express sufficient interest in this option this decision interest in this option this decision could be re-examined by the Virginia could be re-examined by the Virginia Johne’s Disease Working Group.Johne’s Disease Working Group.


Program Bottom LineProgram Bottom Line

We’re serious about Johne’s DiseaseWe’re serious about Johne’s Disease

Provide producers with incentives and Provide producers with incentives and

tools to get rid of Johne’s disease in tools to get rid of Johne’s disease in

their herds their herds

Buy AND sell “clean” cows Buy AND sell “clean” cows

We want dairy and beef producers We want dairy and beef producers

in our state to thrive not just in our state to thrive not just

survive!!!survive!!!


Questions?Questions?


Program InformationProgram Information

Gillian Comyn – DJC, Area Epi – USDA APHIS Gillian Comyn – DJC, Area Epi – USDA APHIS VS in RichmondVS in Richmond

804-771-2774/ 804-771-2774/ [email protected]@aphis.usda.gov

Dee Whittier – Extension Veterinarian, Dee Whittier – Extension Veterinarian, Professor of Food Animal Medicine – Professor of Food Animal Medicine – VMRCVMVMRCVM

[email protected]@vt.edu

JD link on VDACS website!JD link on VDACS website! http://www.vdacs.state.va.us/http://www.vdacs.state.va.us/


Thank YouThank You

Documents

1Gillian Anne Comyn, DVM, MPH Virginia Johne’s Disease Control and Prevention Program (VJDCPP) These slides include JD Program information from Drs. Ernest