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1994 Bolivian Earthquake. Eric Kiser. 1994 Bolivian Earthquake. Moment Magnitude (Mw): 8.3 Epicenter: 13.84°S and 67.55 °W Depth: 631km. Outline. Rupture Characteristics Comparison with other Deep Earthquakes Tectonics. Silver et al., 1995. Directivity Analysis. Silver et al., 1995. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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1994 Bolivian Earthquake
Eric Kiser
1994 Bolivian Earthquake
• Moment Magnitude (Mw): 8.3
• Epicenter: 13.84°S and 67.55 °W
• Depth: 631km
Outline
• Rupture Characteristics
• Comparison with other Deep Earthquakes
• Tectonics
Silver et al., 1995
Directivity Analysis
Silver et al., 1995
Silver et al., 1995
Silver et al., 1995
• 30km by 50km Rupture Plane
• 40s Duration
• 1.25 km/s Velocity
• Rupture plane is too large
Other Rupture Properties
• No Isotropic Component (Okal, 1996)
• Friction melting (Kanamori et al, 1998)– Efficiency: 0.036– Non-Radiated Energy: 1.4x1018 J– 52,000°C Temperature Increase – Slow Rupture Velocity and Large Slip
Differences in the 1994 Bolivia and Tonga Earthquakes
Wiens and McGuire, 1995
Tonga Earthquake
Bolivia Earthquake
Tinker et al., 1995
Tectonic Setting
Kirby et al., 1995
Tectonic Setting
Kirby et al., 1995
Tectonic Setting
Kirby et al., 1995
Kirby et al., 1995
• Kinks from compression
• Kinks meet resistance at the lower mantle
• Slab Thickening
Summary
• Deepest earthquake ever recorded
• Rupture extent, no isotropic component, and seismic efficiency have important implications for deep earthquake mechanisms
• The majority of deep earthquakes may not exhibit these rupture characteristics