FROM: 910 AG/DOS King Graves Road YARS Vienna OH 44473-0910

16 March 1993

SUBJ: 1992 USAFR Emergency Mosquito Aerial Spray Operations as Part of the FEMA Hurricane Andrew Relief Effort in Florida

TO: CC

On 3 September 1992, Headquarters USAF was tasked by CINCFOR to conduct aerial spray operations to control mosquitoes in support of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Hurricane Andrew relief effort (Atch 1). Thirty-two 910 AG personnel (Atch 2) were involved in the spray mission from 5 September through 6 October 1992. Four spray sorties utilizing 1 6 . 5 flying hours were flown to spray a total of 279,168 acres (~tch 3). Pesticide was applied at one ounce per acre. ~ffectiveness in controlling the target pest mosquito Aedes taeniorhvnchus was 99% for the first and third sprays and 95% and 93% for the second and fourth sprays respectively. The capability of the 910 AG Aerial Spray Branch to treat large areas with one sortie proved to be a major advantage in getting long- term mosquito control after Hurricane Andrew. '

2. BACKGROUND:

~uring the early morning hours of Monday 24 August 1992, Hurricane Andrew decimated a 20-mile wide east-to-west strip of South Florida (Atch 4). Winds in excess of 165 MPH battered an urban area centered around Homestead FL. Monetarily, Hurricane Andrew turned out to be the most costly natural disaster in US history. A total of 15 people died as a direct result of the storm with 23 more deaths indirectly related to the Hurricane (Atch 5). The death toll would have been even higher without the early warning and evacuation of 700,000 people. More than 25,000 homes were destroyed with another 100,000 damaged leaving 175,000 people homeless in South Florida. Military personnel totaling 22,000 were deployed to assist with the recovery effort.

Large pestiferous populations of the salt-marsh mosquito, Aedes taeniorhynchus, severely hampered cleanup efforts. Victims left homeless and thus constantly exposed to mosquito bites found the situation intolerable. Under normal conditions comparable mosquito populations would have been more tolerable as residents could have sought shelter from the mosquitoes in their homes.

Since 910 AG Aerial Spray personnel vere at Avon Park AFR FL for routine aerial spraying operations when the request was received to spray for Hurricane Andrew relief, the 910 AG Research ~ntomologist went to Dade County and met with state, county and CDC personnel to develop a plan for using the 910 AG Aerial Spray Branch to control the salt-marsh mosquito problem. As requested by the tasking message (Atch I), the 910 AG aerial spray effort was under the direction of Capt J.R. Gorham, Director of the FEKA Relief Effort Public Health Service Organization. Capt Gorham immediately appointed an Aerial Spray Flight Task Force (ASFTF) headed by Dr Roger Nasci from CDC, l?t Collins CO, to supervise the aerial spray operations. The organizational chart of Capt Gorham's unit and a listing of the ASFTF are included as Attachment 6.

The first decision made by the Aerial Spray Flight Task Force was to have the 910 AG begin spraying on 6 April 1992 and spray 3 large areas on a rotating basis until the mosquito surveillance data indicated that effective control had been achieved. They also decided to have the 910 AG operate out of Avon Park AFR FL because of the damage to local facilities and the high usage of operational air facilities due to the relief efforts.

3 . DISCUSSION:

a. Entomological Factors:

(1) pesticide. The decision to use Dibrom 14 (85% naled) for the 910 AG aerial spray operation was made by the ASFTF. Captain Gorham elected to use the maximum application rate of one ounce per acre to optimize the spraysg effectiveness for controlling filth flies and biting midges as well as the target salt-marsh mosquito. Other advantages for selecting naled are that it is the least costly alternative; virtually odorless; effective in controlling filth flies and biting midges; and harmless to automobile paint. FEMA, CDC and state officials requested the 910 AG procure the pesticide.

(2) S ~ r a v Timinq. The 910 AG Research Entomologist decided on evening sprays to minimize the impact on bees and to utilize the more consistent evening winds for wider swaths. The Task Force quickly determined that bee populations in the spray area were not an issue as bees were virtually eliminated by the Hurricane.

authorities and enforced by governing personnel. The HRS environrncntal hbal th program has b i 1 ingual employees who can explain the rule8 to those currently residing in the camps. New people who register at the camp must be informed of the rules at the time of registration and acknowledge by signature that they will abide by the rules.

The HRS environmental health employees should conduct daily camp inspections to ensure that all residents are in compliance with the rules. A notice to Comply will be issued to any individual not meeting the rules of the camp. A plan must be written to deter repeated violations. The health of the entire camp must be maintained as the number one priority.

The following rule violations have been recurring and must be resolved for the protection of the health and well being of the camp occupants.

1. Stockpiling of foods in resident tents. 2. Misuse of electrical power. (Limited electrical. power is

available for lights and radios only. Fans, televisions, and other appliances are used by residents which creates an unsafe condition. These appliances were connected by use of non- grounded extension cords.)

3. Smoking and cooking within the confines of the tents. 4. Unauthorized access to camp by non residents. 5. Misuse of available showers and portable toilets. (Human

feces has been found on the floors of showers and portable toilets. )

6. Failure of residents to place discarded items in waste receptacles.

7. Charcoal and propane barbecue grills used in and around the tents.

Staffinu Functions

Present Conditim: The following minimum staff should be available - to serve the environmental health needs of the camp:

One (1) Registered Sanitarian One (1) Safety Inspector One (1) Food Service Inspector

(3) Surveillance. Captain Gorham insisted that all aerial spraying operations in support of the FEMA relief effort be predicated upon good surveillance data. Biting counts and citizen complaint surveillance was provided by the Dade County Mosquito Control ~ivision (Atch 7). A C02-baited trap mosquito surveillance program was conducted by Navy personnel from the Navy Disease Vector Ecology and Control Center, Jacksonville FL and the Navy Environmental and Preventative Medicine Unit No, 2 , Norfolk VA. A listing of Navy personnel providing surveillance support and a brief description of their protocols are included in ~ttachment 8.

(4) S ~ r a v Swath. Swath widths were set at 2,500 feet for areas with a crosswind and 1,250 feet for areas with into wind spray runs. As it turned out, we were able to make all applications with an almost direct crosswind generally from the east except for the last spray when the winds were from the south. With the streets laid out 1 mile apart on east/west and north/south heading, the navigation was simplified.

(a) Spray aircraft. C-130H

(b) S ~ r a v Svstem. First two modules of the C-130 Modular Aerial Spray System (MASS).

(c) Boom Confiauration. Stainless steel 10-foot wing booms with 8005 Tee ~ e t ~ nozzles oriented straight down.

(6) Determination of SDrav Areas. All spray areas were established by the ASFTF based upon mosquito surveillance data. The first thing that they did was to outlined the total area for possible spray operations as shown in Attachment 9. The areas actually sprayed are shown in Attachments 10-12.

(7) S ~ r a y Monitorinq. All spray operations were monitored by ASFTF. The first three sprays were monitored by all members of the Task Force from a military helicopter. The 29 September aerial spray operation was monitored by the Dade County and 910 AG Task Force representatives from a ground vehicle. The Task Force served as the Certified Pesticide Applicators required to supervise aerial pesticide applications in the United States. At all times during the spray operation, the Certified Applicators directed the spray operation by maintaining radio contact with the flight crew.

b. Maps. Both 1:24,000 and 1:100,000 scale topographical maps were used during the mosquito spray missions. The 910 AG anticipated the probable need for maps when ~urricane Andrew struck South Florida and quickly placed a rush order for 48 hour delivery utilizing the contingency ordering procedures established for aerial spray emergency operations. The maps needed for this operation arrived as requested. Later attempts to obtain additional maps were unsuccessful because the demand from numerous agencies had depleted available stocks.

c. Public Affairs:

(1) pews Conference. An essential part of any high profile deployment like this one is to take public affairs representatives to handle the press. Press inquiries and the requirement for public notification can quickly overwhelm operational personnel who are very busy trying to set up and execute a successful mission. The public affairs representatives who deployed with this operation (see Atch 2 for listing) Set up a news conference at Tamiami Airport to give the news media an opportunity to see and photograph the C-130 spray aircraft and aircrew. Three TV stations and one newspaper reporter attended.

(2) Public Notification. Press releases were prepared by our PA representatives, coordinated with all members of the ASFTF, and submitted for release to the DOD PA representatives working in FEMA PA. The initial news release is included as Attachment 13. News coverage was very light for this operation primarily because of the massive military contingent deployed as part of the relief effort. Two articles appearing in government publications are included as Attachments 14 and 15.

d. Other Aerial Spray Operations. Prior to requesting the assistance of the 910 AG Aerial Spray Branch, mosquito control organizations from Dade County and the surrounding counties aerially sprayed 310,629 acres in the Dade County disaster area. A photo of this effort is shown in Attachment 16. Although the CO -baited trapping program had not begun, mosquito biting counts inaicated that these sprays were providing short-term relief in the sprayed areas. When the surrounding counties could no larger provide their spray assets due to their own needs and the Dade County Mosquito Control personnel became overtaxed from 70-98 hour workweeks, a request was made for our assistance, The largest area treated in 1 sortie by the locally available aircraft was 23,040 acres. With the flight range of the salt- marsh mosquito, larger areas needed to be treated to provide long-term benefits. On the first sortie, the 910 AG was able to treat 72,960 acres. A summary of all Hurricane Andrew relief aerial spray operations is included in Attachment 17.

a. Troatmant Totals. A total of 279,168 acres were treated by 910 AG personnel from 6-29 September 1992 as part of the P- relief effort. To accomplish this work, 16 spray and ferry sorties totaling 39.5 hours were flown.

b. control l!ff8ctivenass for betles taenior C ~ U @ ~ Post- spray reductions of fiedes t a e n i m collectpns from the coZ-baited traps in the spray areas was 992, 95%. 99% and 93% for sprays 1-4, respectively. The initial spray only showed short- term effectiveness in Spray Area A (Atch 10) probably because the wildlife areas along the east coast were not sprayed. They provided sufficient harborage to allow rapid reinvasion of the spray areas by mosquitoes. We experienced unprecedented benefits from our third spray as shown in Attachment 18. After the third spray, 16 days of nearly complete relief from & was observed in the spray areas. The primary reasons for this exceptional success were the coordination of spray assets, the permission to spray wildlife refuge areas, and the good fortune with the absence of new broods of mosquitoes to reinvade the area. The simultaneous coordination of county aerial spray assets treating the north, with our spray in the south resulted in the treatment of nearly 100,000 acres during a 3-hour period. Killing better than 93% of the mosquitoes over such a large area with the heaviest mosquito populations all in one evening seemed to be the key. Additionally, the mosquito complaint calls to the Dade County Mosquito Control offices were dramatically reduced after each spray operation. The County Mosquito Control personnel were able to spot treat the few small localized areas with mosquito problems. The success of the large-area C-130 aerial sprays had another side benefit of allowing the County Mosquito Control personnel to return to essentially a normal 5- day a week operation.

c. Control Effectiveness for Culex piqri~al~us. Another mosquito, Culex aiuri~al~us, a potential vector of St Louis Encephalitis, was also trapped in significant numbers. This mosquito was not effectively reduced by the spraying in the COZ- baited light trap collections in Spray Area A (Atch 10) but seemed to be reduced in Spray Area B (Atch 11) as shown by the results in Attachment 19. Some of the reasons given for these results were the great surveillance variability observed with this species, the condition of spraying in winds too high for them to fly, and the numerous trash piles in which they could hide making them inaccessible to the spray. We determined this potential vector was not a problem for transmitting disease pince most of the mosquitoes collected were very young. More details on why Culex nisri~al~us were considered to be a low vector threat is explained in Attachment 20.

d. Control Effoctivenmss for piltb ~1i.s m b Biting Hidgo.. Although a filth fly monitoring program was not established, filth fly populations were observed to be very low. This was particularly interesting since conditions following Hurricane Andrew appeared to be ideal for filth fly development* Perhaps the large area aerial sprays for mosquito control by the counties and the 910 AG gave a secondary benefit of filth fly control. Capt Ryan an Army Entomologist deployed to the devastated area during the 910 AG aerial spray operations personally reported a one or two day decline in biting midge activity following the first and third sprays of Area A where he was deployed*

a. The success of this operation was due in large part to the following factors:

(1) The establishment of an Aerial Spray Flight Task Force of knowledgeable experts.

(a) Dr Roger Nasci and Bill Opp had an excellent understanding of the C-130 military capability since they had just attended the DOD Aerial Dispersal of Pesticide certification Course 12 months earlier.

(b) Both Dade County Entomologists had an excellent understanding of the local mosquito population dynamics.

(2) Planning aerial spray operations based on the excellent surveillance data provided by Dade County and the Navy.

( 3 ) The ability of the 910 AG Aerial Spray Branch to treat a large area (75,000 acres) in one 2-3 hour sortie.

( 4 ) Being able to treat with consistent direct crosswinds to avoid skips.

( 5 ) The lack of vegetative overstory which enhanced spray penetration.

( 6 ) Good ASFTF primary and backup plans.

( 7 ) Using Dibrom 14 at the maximum application rate of 1 ounce/acre.

( 8 ) Good helicopter support to enhance ASFTF monitoring which saved the third spray when winds shifted.

(9) The superb cooperation between all ASFTF members.

(10) Bill Opp obtaining permission to spray the wildlife areas along the coast therefore eliminating mosquito harborage.

(11) Coordinating the County and 910 AG spray operations on one night to spray nearly 100,000 acres and give 16 days of relief from severe mosquito infestations.

b. operating from a site outside a disaster area has several advantages in the areas of temporary quarters, operating supplies, ground transportation, parking space, communications, and minimal confusion. The C-130 is uniquely capable of operating 200-300 miles away from the disaster and still spraying a large area in one sortie.

6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. We received outstanding support from Dr Nasci, Capt Gorham, Bill Opp, the Navy, Army helicopter units, Mark Latham, Marlon Nelms and the entire Dade County Mosquito Control Division. The Installation Commander, The Range Officer, and the civil Engineer and all their staffs at Avon Park AFR FL served as perfect hosts during the time we operated out of their facilities to spray Dade County. A particular thanks to Alan Curtis, Research Entomologist with the Indian River Mosquito Control District, for his assistance in photographically documenting our aerial spray operations.

TERR~ L BIERY, LT C O ~ , USAFR Research Entomologist

20 Atch 1. Ft McPherson Msg 2. Participants 3. Flight Summary Table 4. Weather Map 5. Hurricane Toll 6. Org Chart 7. Dade County Personnel 8. Navy Participants 9-12. Haps 13. News Release 14-16 .News Articles 17. Spray Summary Table 18-19 Results Charts 20. A Curtis Ltr

cc: HQ AFRES/CC/DO/SG/PA/CEV/

XPX / PAM 4 AF/CC/DO 440 AW/CC/DO 910 OG/PA AFPMB

CLASS : UNCLASS~FIED

WBJECT: REQUEST FOR ALRIhL 8PRhY BUPPORT

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FEMA HURRICANE ANDREW EMERGENCY AERIAL SPRAY 910 AIRLIFT GROUP PARTICIPANTS 31 AUG - 06 OCT 92

MSGT FRANK J BABA, Jr., Spray Operator/Loadmaster (5 - 12 Sep, 15-18 Sep, 28 Sep - 6 Oct)

LT COL TERRY L BIERY, Certified Pest Management Professional (31 Aug - 19 Sep, 28 Sep - 6 oct)

3. TSGT MICHAEL W BURGETT, Spray Operator/Loadmaster (28 Sep - 6 Oct)

4. TSGT GLENN P CARY, Flight Engineer (5 - 12 Sep, 15 - 18 Sep, 28 Sep - 6 Oct)

5. SSGT PAUL J CHOLEVA, Flight Engineer (28 Sep - 6 Oct)

6. MSGT MARK D DARBY, Spray OperatorlLoadmaster (5 - 12 Sep, 15 -18 Sep)

7. MAJ MARTIN L DAVIS, Navigator (5 - 9 Sep, 28 Sep - 6 Oct)

8. LT COL WILLIAM P KANE, 910 OG Operations Group Commander (8 - 10 Sep)

9. CAPT EUGENE F LUCAS, Jr., Pilot (5 - 12 Sep, 15 - 18 Sep)

10. SSGT JOHN P MOLINO, Spray OperatorILoadmaster (5 - 12 Sep, 15 - 18 Sep)

11. LT COL LUNDY G O'DELL, Mission Commander/Navigator (5 - 9 Sep)

12. LT COL KENNETH N SNYDER, Mission CommanderlPilot (5 - 12 Sep, 15 - 18 Sep)

13. CAPT BRYAN L WATSON, Pilot (15 - 18 Sep, 28 Sep - 6 Oct)

14. MAJ EDWARD T WHITELEY, Mission Commander/Pilot (28 Sep - 6 Oct)

15. CAPT DAVID R WILES, Ground Operations Officer/Nav (5 - 12 Sep, 15 - 18 Sep, 28 Sep - 6 Oct)

OBSERVATION: PHASE I

That adequate numbers and prompt cleaning of toilets was a major problem early in the operation.

DISCUSSION:

Lack of toilets and failure o f t h e contractors t o keep toilets clean was a significant problem in the early Part of t h e deployment. The problem was addressed by reworking the contract by DFO. The solution included requiring all contractors to clean any toilet they found at any site. A central control point was also establ ishe4 at DFO level to facilitate requests for additional toilets and for requests for cleaning.

The final contract used in this operation should be used as a template for future contracts. A cextral. point for managing toilet issues should be established - a s was done in this operation. ,Consideration should be given to procuring and stockpiling personal toilets such as the one described in Appendix 1 which -could be rapidly transported in large quantities and used until portable tollets become available in sufficient numbers.

- RECOMMENDATION: - . .

That the contract for toilets developed in this operation be used as a template for future operations.

That consideration be given to stockpiling individual disposable toilets for future operations. . -

RECOMMENDATION:

That water quality be assessed immediately in future operations

. hat a comprehensive water quality program covering municipal systems, community well systems, and bottled water be initiated as soon as possible in disaster operations.

That a water systems engineer be available for future operations

-,lo. OBSERVATION: PHASE I / 11

T h a t i n a d e q u a t e handwashing was a m a j o r p r o b l e m a t HKT s i t e s a n d L i f e S u p p o r t C e n t e r s (LSC).

DISCUSSION:

The p r o v i s i o n o f a d e q u a t e handwash ing f a c i l i t i e s h a s b e e n d i f f i c u l t t h r o u g h o u t t h i s o p e r a t i o n . We h a v e d e v e l o p e d b l u e p r i n t s f o r handwash ing d e v i c e s (Appendix 2 ) which c o u l d b e d i s t r i b u t e d t h r o u g h o u t t h e A0 b u t t h e e n g i n e e r s u p p o r t t o b u i l d t h e d e v i c e s was d i f f i c u l t t o o b t a i n .

F o r f u t u r e o p e r a t i o n s we must p l a c e handwash ing d e v i c e s h i g h o n t h e e n g i n e e r p r i o r i t y l i s t . We s h o u l d a l s o b e g i n t o s e a r c h f o r c i v i l i a n d e s i g n e d - o f f t h e s h e l f handwash ing d e v i c e s w h i c h c o u l d b e p r o c u r e d i n l a r g e q u a n t i t i e s a t t i m e o f d e p l o y m e n t o r p r o c u r e d a n d s t o r e d f o r f u t u r e d i s a s t e r o p e r a t i o a s . .

RECOMMENDATIONS:

T h a t p r o v i s i o n o f handwashing f a c i l i t i e s be p l a c e d h i g h o n t h e e n g i n e e r p r i o r i t y l i s t f o r c o n s t - r u c t i o n .

T h a t s u i t a b l e " o f f - t h e - s h e l f " handwash ing d e v i c e s b e i d e n t i f i e d and p r o c u r e d f o r f u t u r e o p e r a t i o n s .

; 11. OBSERVATION r PHASE I / 11

T h a t t h e s o l i d w a s t e p rob lem i n t h i s o p e r a t i o n was s t a g g e r i n g .

DISCUSSIOW:

The m a s s i v e amount o f s o l i d w a s t e g e n e r a t e d by t h e d i s a s t e r q u i c k y overwhelmed t h e l o c a l s o l i d w a s t e management s y s t e m s . T h e e n v i r o n m e n t o f s o u t h F l o r i d a i n t e r f e r e d w i t h s e v e r a l o f t h e more comman s o l i d w a s t e management t e c h n i q u e s . B u r i a l o f t h e w a s t e w a s n o t p o s s i b l e i n s o u t h F l o r i d a due t o t h e h i g h w a t e r t a b l e and t h e u n d e r l y i n g l i m e s t o n e f o r m a t i o n s .

The f i n a l c o n t r a c t s which l e d t o t h e s u c c e s s f u l management of t h e s o l i d w a s t e b u r d e n s h o u l d be u s e d as a t e m p l a t e f o r f u t u r e o p e r a t i o n s . T h i s c o n t r a c t s h o u l d be l e t i m m e d i a t e l y a f t e r t h e i n i t i a l a s s e s s m e n t and be among t h e h i g h e s t p r i o r i t i e s f o r f u n d i n g .

The a c c u m u l a t i o n of s o l i d wagte a n d h o u s e h o l d q a r b a g e a r e m a j o r p u b l i c h e a l t h i s s u e s . The a c c u m u l a t i o n l e a d s t o f l y a n d r o d e n t p r o b l e m s wh ich i n t u r n i n c r e a s e t h e r i s k o f v e c t o r b o r n e d i s e a s e s .

The a b i l i t y t o augment t h e PM/PH a s s e t s w i t h a s o l i d waste e x p e r t f rom t h e Army E n v i r o n m e n t a l Hyg iene Agency ( A E H A ) was c r u c i a l t o t h e a c c o m p l i s h m e n t o f t h e m i s s i o n . I n f u t u r e d i s a s t e r o p e r a t i o n s e a r l y a u g m e n t a t i o n w i t h a s o l i d w a s t e e x p e r t s h o u l d b e c o n s i d e r e d . E x p e r t i s e f rom AEHA may a l s o b e r e q u i r e d i n t h e area of a i r p o l l u t i o n s h o u l d l a r g e q u a n t i t i e s o f s o l i d w a s t e n e e d t o b t ! b u r n e d a n d l o c a l / s t a t e / f e d e r a l a i r q u a l i t y e x p e r t s a r e n o t a v a i l a b l e .

RECOMNENDATIONS:

T h a t t h e f i n a l s o l i d w a s t e c o n t r a c t i m p l e m e n t e d i n t h i s o p e r a t i o n b e u sed a s a t e m p l a t e f o r f u t u r e o p e r a t i o n s .

T h a t a s o l i d w a s t e e x p e r t be r e a d i l y a v a i l a b l e f o r f u t u r e o p e r a t i o n s .

; 11. OBSERVATION: PHASE I / 11

T h a t t h e s o l i d w a s t e p rob lem i n t h i s o p e r a t i o n was s t a g g e r i n g ,

DISCUSSION:

The m a s s i v e amount o f s o l i d w a s t e g e n e r a t e d by t h e d i s a s t e r q u i c k y overwhelmed t h e l o c a l s o l i d w a s t e management s y s t e m s . The e n v i r o n m e n t o f s o u t h F l o r i d a i n t e r f e r e d w i t h s e v e r a l o f t h e m o r e comman s o l i d w a s t e management t e c h n i q u e s . B u r i a l o f t h e w a s t e was n o t p o s s i b l e i n s o u t h F l o r i d a due t o t h e h i g h w a t e r t a b l e and t h e u n d e r l y i n g l i m e s t o n e f o r m a t i o n s .

The f i n a l c o n t r a c t s which l e d t o t h e s u c c e s s f u l management o f t h e s o l i d w a s t e b u r d e n s h o u l d be u s e d as a t e m p l a t e f o r f u ~ u r e o p e r a t i o n s . T h i s c o n t r a c t s h o u l d be l e t i m m e d i a t e l y a f t e r t h e i n i t i a l a s s e s s m e n t a n d be among t h e h i g h e s t p r i o r i t i e s f o r f u n d l n g .

The a c c u m u l a t i o n o f s o l i d waq.te .and h o u s e h o l d g a r b a g e are m a j o r p u b l i c h e a l t h i s s u e s . The a c c u m u l a t i o n l e a d s t o f l y a n d r o d e n t p r o b l e m s w h i c h i n t u r n i n c r e a s e t h e r i s k o f v e c t o r b o r n e d i s e a s e s .

The a b i l i t y t o augment t h e PM/PH a s s e t s w i t h a s o l i d w a s t e e x p e r t f rom t h e Army E n v i r o n m e n t a l Hyg iene Agency ( A E H A ) was c r u c i a l t o t h e a c c o m p l i s h m e n t o f t h e m i s s i o n . I n f u t u r e d i s a s t e r o p e r a t i o n s e a r l y a u g m e n t a t i o n w i t h a s o l i d w a s t e e x p e r t s h o u l d b e c o n s i d e r e d . E x p e r t i s e f rom AEHA may a l s o b e r e q u i r e d i n t h e a r e a o f a i r p o l l u t i o n s h o u l d l a r g e q u a n t i t i e s o f s o l i d w a s t e n e e d t o b t b u r n e d and l o c a l / s t a t e / f e d e r a l a i r q u a l i t y e x p e r t s a r e n o t a v a i l a b l e .

RECOMMENDATIONS:

T h a t t h e f i n a l s o l i d w a s t e c o n t r a c t i m p l e m e n t e d i n t h i s o p e r a t i o n be u sed a s a t e m p l a t e f o r f u t u r e o p e r a t i o n s .

T h a t a s o l i d w a s t e e x p e r t be r e a d i l y a v a i l a b l e f o r f u t u r e o p e r a t i o n s .

1 2 . OBSERVATION: PHASE I1

Numerous i s s u e s i n r e g a r d s t o t h e L i f e S u p p o r t C e n t e r s (LSC) r e q u i r e a t t e n t i o n b e f o r e f u t u r e d i s a s t e r o p e r a t i o n s .

C o n t r o l I n mos t p r e v i o u s d i s a s t e r o p e r a t i o n s i n w h i c h r e f u g e e

r e l o c a t i o n s i t e s h a v e had t o be e s t a b l i s h e d t h e i s s u e o f who w a s i n c o n t r o l o f t h e camps was c l e a r . The camps have u s u a l l y b e e n u n d e r t h e c o n t r o l o f t h e U n i t e d N a t i o n s , an i n t e r n a t i o n a l r e l i e f o r g a n i z a t i o n , o r t h e h o s t n a t i o n . Zsl t h i s pera at ion t h e r e w a s n o c l e a r c o n t r o l a u t h o r i t y f o r t h e LSC's even as l a t e as t h r e e w e e k s a f t e r t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f t h e LSC's. T h i s f a c t i s c l e a r l y r e l a t e d t o t h e f a c t t h a t t h i s i s t h e f i r s t t i m e l a r g e s c a l e LSC's h a v e b e e n e s t a b l i s h e d by t h e m i l i t a r y i n t h i s c o u n t r y .

I n f u t u r e o p e r a t i o n s r e q u i r i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f LSC's, clear l i n e s o f a u t h o r i t y mus t b e e s t a b l i s h e d e a r l y . I f Mart ia l Law e x i s t s t h e m i l i t a r y would o f c o u r s e be r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t h e LSC's a n d t h e i r s u p p o r t . However. as w i l l be t h e u s u a l c a s e i n CONUS t h e s e o p e r a t i o n s w i l l n o t be c o n d u c t e d u n d e r martial l a w . Once t h e c o n t r o l l i n g a u t h o r i t y ( m u n i c i p a l , c o u n t y , s t a t e ) h a s b e e n i d e n t i f i e d a "commiss ion" t o manage t h e LSC's . s h o u l d b e f o r m e d . T h i s "commiss ion" s h o u l d i n c l u d e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s f rom:

t h e l o c a l g o v e r n m e n t p o l i c e p u b l i c h e a l t h ( l o c a l and s t a t e ) m e n t a l h e a l t h ( l o c a l and s t a t e ) v o l u n t e e r o r g a n i z a t i o n s l o c a l medical/professional/hospital o r g a n i z a t i o n s m i l i t a r y a d v i s o r s i n t h e a r e a s of

p u b l i c h e a l t h s e c u r i t y l o g i s t i c s

P u b l i c i t y / C i v i l A f f a i r s / E d u c a t i o n T h e r e was r e l u c t a n c e on t h e p a r t of many s t o r m v i c t i m s t o

l e a v e t h e i r homes t o move i n t o t h e LSC's. The r e s i s t e n c e a p p e a r s t o have a r i s e n f rom s e v e r a l s o u r c e s . A c o m p r e h e n s i v e p u b l i c r e l a t i o n s campa ign mus t b e i n t i a t e d t o e d u c a t e t h e p o p u l a t i o n o n t h e b e n e f i t s o f t h e LSC's . F o r t h o s e who f e a r t h a t t h e i r f e w r e m a i n i n g b e l o n g i n g s m i g h t h e l o o t e d w h i l e t h e y a r e r e s i d i n g i n the LSC p e r h a p s c o n t r a c t s f o r c o n e x ' s i n w h i c h t h e LSC i n h a b i t a n t s c o u l d s t o r e t h e i r b e l o n g i n g s c o u l d be l e t .

An e d u c a t i o n campa ign mus t be d i r e c t e d t o t h e LSC i n h a b i t a n t s . ; T h i s c a m p a i g n s h o u l d s t r e s s t h e r u l e s o f t h e .LSC, s a n i t a t - i o n an? ' p e r s o n a l h y g i e n e , and a t t e m p t t o e n r o l l t h e LSC i n h a b i t a n t s il t a k i n g r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r t h e i r own s a n i t a t i o n a n d t h e i r own g r o u n d s k e e p i n g and h o u s e k e e p i n g .

S i t e S e l e c t i o n LSC s i t e s s h o u l d n o t be s e l e c t e d h a p h a z a r d l y . E n g i n e e r s and

PM/PH p e r s o n n e l m u s t b e i n v o l v e d i n s i t e s e l e c t i o n i n c o n j u n c t i o n w i t h t h e l o c a l a u t h o r i t i e s .

The d e c i s i o n t o e s t a b l i s h a few l a r g e L S C ' s v e r s u s more numerous s m a l l / c o m m u n i t y LSC's m u s t be r e v i e w e d . The b e n e f i t s o f t h e few l a r g e s i t e s i n c l u d e l o g i s t i c a l and s e c u r i t y i s s u e s as w e l l a s f a c i l i t a t i n g e f f e c t i v e u t i l i z a t i o n of s c a r e manpower. However , s m a l l e r s i t e s s c a t t e r e d among t h e c o m m u n i t i e s s h o u l d b e c o n s i d e r e d i n t h e n e x t o p e r a t i o n . The b e n e f i t s of t h e communi ty s i t e s i n c l u d e t h e p r e s e n c e of p r e - e x i s t i n g s o c i a l s u p p o r t s y s t e m s ; and t h e a b i l i t y o f t h e f a m i l i e s tq, m a i n t a l n some o b s e r v a t i o n of t h e i r p r o p e r t y . The s e n s e of community r e s p o n s i b i l i t y may also be e n h a n c e d by c o n s t r u c t i o n o f s m a l l e r community o r i e n t e d LSC ' s .

S p e c i a l Needs P o p u l a t i o n s I n f u t u r e o p e r a t i o n s we mus t c o n s i d e r s p e c i a l n e e d p o p u l a t i o n s

i n t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f LSC's . These p o p u l a t i o n s i n c l u d e t h e f r a i l a n d e l d e r l y who had g r e a t d i f f i c u l t i e s d e a l i n g w i t h t h e h e a t and s t r e s s o f t h e LSC's. O t h e r s p e c i a l p o p u l a t i o n s i n c l u d e t h e m e n t a l l y ill and t h e d e v e l o p m e n t a l l y d i s a b l e d . The n e c e s s i t y o f c h i l d c a r t f a c i l i t i e s m u s t a l s o b e c o n s i d e r e d .

S u b j e c t m a t t e r e x p e r t s i n m e n t a l h e a l t h , d e v e l o p m e n t a l p e d i a t r i c s and g e r i a t r i c s would b e u s e f u l c o n s u l t a n t s i n f u t u r e o p e r a t i o n s .

RECOMMENDATIONS:

T h a t t h e d e c i s i o n a s t o who c o n t r o l s t h e LSC's b e made e a r l y and s t a t e d c l e a r l y i n f u t u r e d i s a s t e r o p e r a t i o n s

T h a t a commiss ion c o m p r i s e d of r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s a s s t a t e d above be formed e a r l y t o a d v i s e w h i c h e v e r a u t h o r i t y a s s u m e s c o n t r o l of t h e LSC's

T h a t C i v i l A f f a i r s be t a s k e d t o s u p p o r t t h e L S C ' s w i t h h e a l t h e d u c a t i o n a n d g e n e r a l e d u c a t i o n on camp r u l e s and s a n i t a t i o n

T h a t PM/PH p e r s o n n e l b e c o n s u l t e d e a r l y i n t h e s i t e s e l e c t i o n p r o c e s s f o r LSC's

T h a t c o n s i d e r a t i o n be g i v e n t o s p e c i a l n e e d s p o p u l a t i o n s i n r e g a r d s t o LSC's and t h a t a d v i c e f rom g e r i a t r i c i a n s , d e v e l o p m e n t a l p e d i a t r i c i a n s , and m e n t a l h e a l t h p e r s o n n e l be s o u g h t .

;. 13. OBSERVATION : PHASE I / I1 .

T h a t some u n i t s d e p l o y e d w i t h o u t F i e l d S a n i t a t i o n T e a m s and w i t h o u t FST s u p p l i e s

DISCUSSION:

Some u n i t s f a i l e d t o d e p l o y w i t h a t r a i n e d FST o r f a i l e d to d e p l o y w i t h the r e q u i r e d FST equ ipmen t . The n e e d . t o s u p p l e m e n t . FST'S d i v e r t e d p r e v e n t i v e m e d i c i n e r e s o u r c e s .

Each company size u n i t must have a t r a i n e d a n d e q u i p p e d PST. FST t r a i n i n g s h o u l d b e p r o v i d e d when u n i t s r e t u r n t o g a r r i s o n f o r t h o s e u n i t s w i t h o u t a n FST.

RECOMMENDATION:

T h a t FST,be a p r i o r i t y f o r f u k u r e ~ d i s s t e r o p e r a t i o n s

i?

14. OBSERVATION:

. - i

PHASE 11 >.

T h a t management 'of d o n a t i o n s of food , w a t e r , c l o t h i n g an, medica l s u p p l i e s e a r l y i n t h i s o p e r a t i o n was poor l e a d i n g to wastage , s p o i l a g e , a n d m a l d i s t r i b u t i o n .

DISCUSSION:

A sys tem must b e I n . p l a c e i n f u t u r e o p e r a t i o n s t o r a p i d l y e s t a b l i s h a c e n t r a l r e c e i p t and d i s t r i b u t i o n p o i n t ( d e p o t ) f o r w a t e r , food, c l o t h i n g , a n d medica l d o n a t i o n s . The d e p o t s y s t e m would f a c i l i t a t e f o o d and w a t e r i n s p e c t i o n s , p r o p e r s t o r a g e of s u p p l i e s and p e r m i t a d i s t r i b u t i o n system t o i n s u r e "first i n . . f $ r s t o u t " . The d e p o t would a l s o ass is t i n e n s u r i n g e q u i t a b l e and t i m e l y d i s t r i b u t i o n of s u p p l i e s .

RECOHMENDATION: 4m

T h a t a d e p o t system t o h a n d l e food, ' w a t e r , c l o t h i n g , and .medical d o n a t i o n s b e e s t a b l i s h e d immediately on dep loyment to a d i s a s t e r AO.

-.IS. O B S E R V A T I O N : PHASE I / XI

That v e c t o r s u r v e y and c o n t r o l i s s u e s were e x t r e m e l y impor tan t i s s u e i n t h i s deployment and c o u l d h a v e had major n e g a t i v e p u b l i c h e a l t h impact had it n o t been a d d r e s s e d q u i c k l y and p r o f e s s i o n a l l y .

DISCUSSION:

E n t o m o l o g i c a l i s s u e s were e x t e r m e l y i m p o r t a n t i n t h i s o p e r a t i o n due t o t h e s o u t h F l o r i d a envi ronment a n d t h e l a r g e q u a n t i t i e s o f decomposing food and o r g a n i c m a t t e r i n t h e d e v a s t a t e d a r e a s . The m o s q u i t o problem which i s a p e r e n i a l p r o b l e m i n s o u t h F l o r i d a was c o m p l i c a t e d i n t h i s c a s e by t h e l a r g e number o f p e r s o n s w i t h o u t a d e q u a t e s h e l t e r who were a t r i s k f o r b i t e s . The p r o b l e m w a s f u r t h e r c o m p l i c a t e d by t h e s l i g h t r i s k of e n c e p h a l i t i s which had been a p rob lem i n n o r t h F l o r i d k f o r the , p a s t s e v e r a l y e a r s .

The c o a l i t i o n deve loped t o a d d r e s s t h i s p r o b l e m i n t h i s o p e r a t i o n i s a model for f u t u r e o p e r a t i o n s . The c o a l i t i o n i n c l u d e d e n t o m o l o g i s t s from CDC, USAF Rese rve A e r i a l S p r a y Teams, l o c a l mosquito c o n t r o l p e r s o n n e l , Army p r e v e n t i v e medic ine a n d US P u b l i c H e a l t h S e r v i c e p e r s o n n e l , and U S Navy D i s e a s e V e c t o r C o n t r o l t e a m s . The s t a t e c o n t r a c t w i t h a major p e s t c o n t r o l company p r o v i d e d s o r e l y needed manpower f o r p e s t c o n t r o l and s h o u l d be u s e d a s a t e m p l a t e f o r f u t u r e c o n t r a c t s .

RECOMMENDATION :

The p e s t c o n t r o l c o n t r a c t s h o u l d be used a s a t e m p l a t e f o r f u t u r e d i s a s t e r a s s i s t a n c e o p e r a t i o n s .

-:l6. OBSERVATION: PHASE I ./ 11

T h a t t h e a b i l i t y t o r a p i d l y augment PM/PH a s s e t s w i t h t h e EPICON team c o n t r i b u t e d g r e a t l y t o t h e c o n t r o l o f communicable d i s e a s e s and t h e p r e v e n t i o n of i n j u r i e s .

DISCUSSION:

A d i s e a s e / i n j u r y s u r v e i l l a n c e program must be e s t a b l i s h e d r a p i d l y t o moni to r f o r d i s e a s e / i n j u r y t r e n d s and t o e v a l u a t e d i s e a s e c o n t r o l e f f o r t s . T h i s program must be a c o n j o i n t program w i t h l o c a l / s t a t e s u r v e i l l a n c e programs. The EPICON t e a m from W a l t e r Reed Army I n s t i t u t e of R e s e a r c h was e x t r e m e l y e f f e c t i v e i n d i s e a s e / i n j u r y s u r v e i l l a n c e e f f o r t s .

RECOMMENDATION:

1 T h a t EPICON be t a s k e d t o s u p p o r t f h t u r e d i s a s t e r r e l e i f ' , o p e r a t i o n s .

i 17. . OBSERVATION: PHASE I1

D I S C U S S I O N :

The l a r g e i n f l u x o f m e d i c a l assets h a s a f f i r m e d t h e r u l e t h a t "demand f o r m e d i c a l c a r e w i l l expand t o m e e t t h e a s s e t s a v a i l a b l e u . The d i f f i c u l t y i n d e t e r m i n i n g p o s t d i s a s t e r m e d i c a l care n e e d s i s c o m p l i c a t e d by t h e i n a b i l i t y t o a c c u r a t e l y a s s e s s t h e p o s t d i s a s t e r p o p u l a t i o n ; t h e i n a b i l i t y t o d e t e r m i n e t h e p r o p o r t i o n o f v i s i t s p r i m a r i l y o r s e c o n d a r i l y s t o r m r e l a t e d ; t h e d i s r u p t i o n o f pre- d i s a s t e r m e d i c a l s e r v i c e s and t h e c h r o n i c a l l y u n d e r s e r v e d s t a t u s o f medical c a r e i n s o u t h Dade County .

The Depar tment o f H e a l t h a n d R e h a b i l i t a t i v e S e r v i c e s g r a n t r e q u e s t i s a n e x c e l l e n t c o m p r e h e n s i z e document which s h o u l d s e r v e a s a t e m p l a t e f o r f u t u r e g r a n t r e q u e s t s . T h e ' m a j o r p r o b l e m with the g r a n t was t h a t it was d e v e l o p e d w i t h o u t , t h e i n p u t of t h e l o c a l

c a r e m e d i c a l community . The l o c a l ' p u b l i c h e a l t h a u t h o r i t i e s c l e a r l y have a n agenda w h i c h p l a c e s l i t t l e r e l i a n c e on t h e p r i v a t e p r a c t i c e o f m e d i c i n e .

S h o u l d f u t u r e c i r c u m s t a n c e s r e q u i r e s imi la r g r a n t r e q u e s t s it i s i m p e r a t i v e t h a t t h e Army n o t b e p e r c e i v e d t o be a l i g n i n g i t s e l f w i t h a p a r t i c u l a r agenda . A t r u e c o a l i t i o n o f b o t h t h e p u b l i c a n d t h e p r i v a t e m e d i c a l c o m m u n i t i e s must be f o r m e d t o draft a c o u r s e f o r f u t u r e m e d i c a l c a r e i n t h e d i s a s t e r a r e a .

RECOHMENDATION:

T h a t t h e HRS g r a n t f o r p r i m a r y c a r e b e u s e d a s a t e m p l a t e f o r f u t u r e g r a n t s f o r p o s t d i s a s t e r p r i m a r y c a r e

T h a t i f t h e Army i s i n v o l v e d i n d i s c u s s i o n s l e a d i n g t o p o s t d i s a s t e r m e d i c a l c a r e g r a n t s t h a t we a t t e m p t t o i n s u r e t h a t all s e c t o r s o f p r i m a r y c a r e , b o t h p u b l i c a n d p r i v a t e , b e i n v o l v e d i n g e n e r a t i n g t h e p l a n f o r p o s t d i s a s t e r c a r e .

PHASE I

T h a t a h e a l t h and medica l task f o r c e b e c o n s t i t u t e , i m ~ c d i a t e l y te c o o r C i r L ? t e k ~ e z l t h and ~ e Z i c a l 5 ssues.

DISCUSSION:

The d e c i s i o n t o c o n s t i t u t e a H e a l t h and M e d i c a l T a s k Force (HNTF) t o o r g a n i z e , p r i o r i t i z e and c o o r d i n a t e h e a l t h a n d medica l i s s u e s was a key t o t h e s u c c e s s f u l m i s s i o n of t h e JTF medical ,

e l e m e n t s . Members o f t h e HHTP s h o u l d i n c l u d e d e c i s i o n makers from t h e f o l l o w i n g o r g a n i z a t i o n s a t a minimum:

Local P u b l i c H e a l t h Agency S t a t e P u b l i c H e a l t h Agency USPHS PEMA DOD- m e d i c a l

p u b l i c h e a l t h a.

m e n t a l h e a l t h m e d i c a l l o g i s t i c s \,

L o c a l P r o f e s s i o n a l O r g a n i z a t i o n s H o s p i t a l A s s o c i a t i o n H e d i c a l S o c i e t y -

N u r s i n g ~ s s o c i a t i o n D e n t a l S o c i e t y V e t e r i n a r y A s s o c i a t i o n Pharmacy A s s o c i a t i o n

L o c a l M e n t a l H e a l t h Agencies S t a t e M e n t a l H e a l t h Agencies EMS V o l u n t e e r Agencies

American Red C r o s s S a l v a t i o n Army

RECOMMENDATION:

T h a t t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t of a HMTF become d o c t r i n e f o r f u t u r e d i s a s t e r r e l i e f o p e r a t i o n s .

19. OBSERVATION:

HRS generated a c o n t r a c t f o r management o f b i o h a z a r d o u s w a s t e which was e f f e c t i v e and should be u s e d a s a t e m p l a t e for f u t u r e o p e r a t i o n s .

RECOMMENDATION:

That a ' c o n t r a c t f o r c o l l e c t i o n and management o f b i o h a z a r d o u s was te be l e t i n f u t u r e o p e r a t i o n s .

m.

; -I 2 0 . OBSERVATION : PHASE XI

<. That Army community H e a l t h Nurses (CHN) would have been ' e x c e l l e n t augmentees f o r t h e PH/PH o r g a n i z a t i a n .

D I S C U S S I O N z

CHN c o u l d have been a t t a c h e d e a r l y t o t h e L i f e S u p p o r t C e n t e r s ( L S C ) . CHN a r e t r a i n e d i n community assessment and a r e t h e i d e a l p r o f e s s i o n a l s t o be a b l e t o a d d r e s s t h e medica l needs of t h e LSC. CHN a r e a l s o t h e l o g i c a l c h o i c e t o pe r fo rm l i a i s o n r o l e s w i t h t h e l o c a l p u b l i c h e a l t h n u r s e s . The l o c a l p u b l i c h e a l t h n u r s e s w e r e v e r y a c t i v e i n t h i s o p e r a t i o n and t h e CHN would be v a l u a b l e i n i n s u r i n g smooth t r a n s i t i o n from t h e " m i l i t a r y heavy" h e a l t h care sys tem of t h e e a r l y p h a s e s t o t h e " c i v i l i a n heavy" s y s t e m o f t h e l a t e r p h a s e s .

RECOMMENDATION:

T h a t PN/PH a s s e t s be augmenteQ w i t h CYN i n f u t u r e d i s a s t e r o p e r a t i o n s . .

That water q u a l i t y be assessed immediately i n f u t u r e operat ions

That a comprehensive water q u a l i t y program cover ing munic ipa l systems, community w e l l systems, and b o t t l e d water be i n i t i a t e d as soon a s p o s s i b l e i n d i s a s t e r operat ions .

That a water systems engineer be a v a i l a b l e for f u t u r e operat ions

That procurement standards f o r b o t t l e d water be deve loped and t h a t SOP'S be developed f o r storage of b o t t l e d water

P.O. Box 102 Patton, California 92369-0102 , . '

Rlephone and FAX (7 14) 425-0 1 24

The P.C. human ecology toilet is reusable, portable (less than one pound), disposable, degradable and does nor require any water or chemicals. Consrmcted of recycled fiberborud, It is designed to At the uniquo form and dy- n d c s of a seated person in the process of voiding.

The human ecoiogy toilet is intended for use whenever/whereyet p m p fa+itits are inoperative/unavailable and when cost/mvinxuncntal effdvtncss is a priority.. . ie., c m p i q , back-packmg, boating, military m t g ,

and most especially in disaster situations where intelligent emergency mass care is paramount. In addition, the P.C. is csscnrial for those segments of the mulation that are vulnexable on a day-to-day basis ... i.e., high-rise building emergency sanitation management, school campusts, infixburr disease wards, isolated c~tlstruction sitcs, forestry, fire fighting, fwming/produce harvest sanitation, and a host of other 'in-the-field' professions.

P.C.'s patented design is like no other in the world The standard 10" human ecology toiietjsea when closed for storage, has the appearance of an ordinary textbook. When open and set up, it nsemblts three artached, rec- tangular, open-ended boxes. 'Ihe opened unit has a pair of cumpted cardboard seat-flaps that operak in a hinged ,-

fashion at the rim of the middle box. These flaps interlock wirh the Seat suppo~t~ to assure structural integrity and comfort.

The PC. uses special human ecology corn-starch-imbibed plastic bags for degradeability These custom one- use liners are designed to All the center chamber and c o w the scat areas; minimizing hands/sear conw1 SII m;. . mizing sanitation. Each liner has a built-in tie-smp that seals the liner after use for dispsal nr 1.1 - I -

Both the 10" and 16" models are adjustable for width and capable of supporting a seated weight a; . , All models are shipped in 'tamper evident' rcclosable seal-pull outer packages.

1. Thc P.C. is central to tha human ccology Mass Care Tbllet Systmn available from Pusonal Commode.

2. F ~ c h P.C. can contaln multi-lingual instructions upon request. 1. A srandnrd nir-lifr pallet (SO" x SOn x 100") wlll hold 'a00 -2,800 P m a l Commodc Human Fxology %ilea with a gross wight

of 2,600-3,300 Ihs. P.C.5 are airdroppablc. 3. Detailed groundair international specification r h e a are available on rcqurnt.

Patent X 5,040,249 Avnilabb mdcr aSA# GS U7F-5 175A. F S C Group 43 10. I*mS numbtt'u F-0711 lo F-0316

GENERAL, SERVICES AaMINlSTRATION FEDERAL SUPPLY SERMCE

Authorize4 F & d S~pply Schedule Pricelist (Caralag)

Now Itom htroductary Schedule, FSC Group 4510

FSC Class: 4510

C o n w Period: April 28,1992 -March 31,1995

Contraatat: Fmmnal Commode P.O. Box 102 Patton, W&rda 923690102 (714) 4256124 FAX (714) 425-0124

Business Siza: Small

. . - - . -- - -

la. Award Special Item N u m h F a 1 1, PIYII2, F-0713, F-0714, W 1 5 , F-0716

lb. uMA€ MfmL - F-0711 3-P 10" Nootbook ~ize - PLAIN

- F-071 2 S-W 10" Nogbook - , -Fa713 S-FC 1Q" NMebook slu, --PORE3T C A M O W E .

F-0714 PC-MC 36 PC Units with 1 large liner and wrrnlng labelling. $+F-O715 RLB-12 12 singlo bag0 h r individual iswe

9F-0716 RLB-1500 1,500 loose iiner baga kr mass issue

2. Msxirnum Order Limitation: $10,000 3. Minimum Order: 1 Udt 4. Geographic Covenga: 43 contiguous States aM( DhtFtd of Ohmbig 5. Point of Production: LCKI Angela, LOB Ang4ea County, California 6. Discourit from List Prices or Statement of,& Pice: k Net Prlcbg, Page 2 7. QuantltyDiscounts:None 8. Prompt Payment T i s : 28-10 days, net 30 9a Government cornmarcial credit card accepted: Yes

Discount for payment by Govemmedt commercial d t car& #o Foreign Items: None Time of Delivery: 3Q days for up to 5,000 units F.O.B. point: Dcshatlon Ordering a d k : Personal Commode, P.O. Box 102, IUghhnd, CJitarpL 9 1 ' ~ .

-.-.. -- .. -.-..-

Paynlenr a d d ~ ~ ~ : Pmonnl Commode, P.O. Box 102, Highland, California 92! Warranty Provision: Compliance wlth C l aw 552.246-17 Export packing ch;irgw: N/A

* 4 Terms nnd conditions of Govcmrnanl mrnmnrlal credit card kccptanca: See 91 1 Td l'krrns and conditions of rental, maintenance and repair: N/A Tern and conditions of installation: N/A

20. %rms and conditions of repair parts: N/A 2 1. List of serviw imd distribution pints: N/A 22. List of participating dealers: N/A 1 ! P r r . , . , . , v ~ ~ ~ - - , 7 * ; p * A 7 . k'14

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size, one pound (1 lb.), reusable, deghoabie, 1-LJ d i.G

support anyone up to 1.200 ibs. Three (3) human e c o l o ~ liner bags and a resealable carry bag are included.

Personal Commode Mass Care (PC-MC) human waste management system* for:

Military encampments, mobility; construction, etc. Post Disaster Disease Control (cholera, hepatitis, etc.) Building water and power outages

TO ORDER SEE NEW ITEM INTRODUCTORY SCHEDULE (NIIS) OR GSA PRICE LIST

As a seat: expand P.C. on level qround. Insert seat flap tabs into seat C

slots. Tesr rhat unit is secure and stable.

flap

As a toilet: tuck a liner into the chamber and cover the seat flap-.. Cc~fier youi weight and ::iJ.j!iusr th:. width for cornfort.

CENTER for ARMY LESSONS LEARNED or3ser$mo~ W O R K S I 11:111-

1 1 11; I : 9/22 191. .

- Obscrvalion #: d-

, r- Doclrinc, Training, I +-- i I

' +---

.I ' .. -

I : . . '.' W O R D S : ( A cornplcre kcyvmrd Iisl is on thc rcvcrsc of this fwn, cirri: . I : h:t[ apply.) I

!

CENTER for ARMY LESS.0US I E A R N E I I

--- -- 6 OBSERVER: C& L , Prr?

phone.#: !A\'] 2 R(, - 3 776 /so&- -

53 city water samples 22 water cco,ntainers ( 30,000 gal)

3 tent cities 1 mfer distribution sgsbm

24 enfornological surveys 1 mosquito laroacide application

14 adult mosquito control applications 7 fly control applicatims

7 ant contrd applications 260 portable toilet inspecti011~

60 trash receptacle inspections 21 MBT site inspections

HURRICANE ANDREW HOSQUITO CONTBOL PROGRAH

HosQUITO POPULATIONS IN THE DISASTER AREA WERE CONTROLLED

BY A COLLABORATIVE EFFORT BETUEEN ABHY, NAVY, AND AIR FORCE

ENTOMOLOGY TEhHS AND COUNTY GOVERNHENT ABATEHENT ASSETS.

CURBENTLY, HOSQUITO POPULATIONS ARE AT PRE-DISASTER LEVELS,

WELL BELOU ESTABLISHED CRITERIA TO JUSTIFY AERIAL APPLICATION

OF PESTICIDES. THE SURVEILLANCE PROGBAH NEEDED TO MONITOR

THE LEVEL OF NUISANCE HOSQUITOES AND POTENTIAL DISEASE-

VECTORING SPECIES WAS TURNED OVER TO DADE COUNTY ON 18

. SEPTEMBER. INITIAL ARBOVIRAL TESTING RESULTS BY THE CENTERS

FOE DISEASE CONTROL ARE ALL NEGATIVE FOR SAINT LOUIS

ENCEPHALITIS AND CALIFORNIA ENCEPHALITIS GBOUP SEBOTYPES.

DADE COUNTY HOSQUITO ABATEMENT DISTRICT (MAD) HAS 1 -.* .

BEACHCRAFT TWIN ENGINE PLANE AND A BELL HELICOPTER SPECIALLY

RIGGED FOR AERIAL PESTICIDE APPLICATION. DADE COUNTY HAD HAS

SUFFICIENT GROUND FOGGING UNITS TO TREAT "HOT SPOTS' AS

NEEDED. DADE COUNTY HAD HAS ASSUHED RESPONSIBILITY FOR

FOGGING REQUIBEHENTS IN AND AROUND TENT CITIES. IF NEEDED,

ADDITIONAL AERIAL ASSETS (6 DC3'S FROH LEE COUNTY, AND/OR 1

SPECIALLY HODIFIED Cl30-H FROH THE U.S. AIR FORCE) HAY BE

CALLED UPON, SHOULD SURVEILLANCE DATA INDICATE FURTHER LARGE

AREA HOSQUITO ADULTICIDING IS REQUIRED. REPELLENTS ARE

AVAILABLE AT DISTBIBUTION CENTERS FOB DISPLACED PERSONS.

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARHY Headquarters, 714th Medical Detachment Fort Bragg , North Carol ina 28307-5000

Sep 92

SUBJECT: Hur r icane Andrew R e l i e f Mission; A f te r k t i o n Report

2. MIS!5IMJ.

3. ACCOMPLISHMENTS.

4. STATITICS BY - FUNCTIONAL AREA.

a. No. of San i ta ry Inspect ions

b. No. o f Water Surve i l lance Miss ions

( I ) . C i t y Water Lines; F'oint Check

(2) . Water T r a i l e r s

(31, B o t t l e d Water Samples

(4). Water Tankers

(5). Well Water

c. Entomological Services.

( 1 ) . S i t e Surveys Performed

(2). F l y Contro l

( 3 ) . Mosquito Control ; Ground Fogging

( 4 ) . Mosquito Control ; L a r v i c i d i n g

( 5 ) . A n t Contro l

(6). A i r Force Aer ia l Spray ( f ic res Covered)

5. LESSONS LEARNED.

a. I n i t i a l Assessment

Un i t

(1).

(2) .

( 3 ) .

(4).

( 5 ) .

(6).

(7).

Area

Rol e

Dep 1 oyments

155th Medical Detachment (LX, Sani)

714th Medical Detachment (LX, Ento)

61st Medical Detachment (LB, Sani )

485th Medical Detachment (LA, Ento)

225th Medical Detachment (LC, Sani)

926th Medical Detachment (LB, Sani)

AEHA Augmentees -

a. CPT Matthew Woodbury - So l id Waste

b. 1LT Timothy b o s e t t i - Water Systems

Support Array

o f Preventive Medicine Un i t s i n Crisis,,4?esponsa

Di v i son Control of Area Support Assets

Restorat ion of Water System

S o l i d Waste Management

T rans i t i on Planning

" B a t t l e Handof f "

Working wi th FEMA, USPHS & Local Government Qgencies

Redepl oyment

6. Recomaendati ons.

7. POC th i s Headquarters i s CPT Je f f rey R. Ryan; comm (919) 396-3996/3054/3065.

CF: C d r , 56th Med icmBn

JEFFREY R. RYAN CPT, MS Commanding

C d r , 44th Medical Brigade Cdr, X V I I I Abn Corps, ATTN: Corps Surgeons O f f i c e C d r , 155th Medical Detachment Cdr, 61st Medical Detachment C d r , 225th Medical Detachment Cdr , 926th Medi c a l Detachment Cdr, 485th Medical Detachment Cdr , Forces Command, ATTN: Surgeons O f f i c e OTSG, ATTN: Entomology Consultant OTSG, ATTN: Environmental Science Consultant C d r , UShEHfi Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD Cdr, USAEHA-N, F t Meade, MD

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