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18/08/08: LOS MEDIOS ALTERNATIVOS DE SOLUCION DECONFLICTOS

Categora:Artculos

Publicado por:Derecho & Sociedad

Visto:125235 veces

Juan Garca MontfarAbogadoLLM Harvard Law School

I. INTRO!""ION

#l h$cho %u$ v&va'o( $n (oc&$dad )r$(u)on$ una cont&nua &nt$racc&*n $ntr$ lo( d&f$r$nt$(ag$nt$( $con*'&co(+ %u&$n$( t&$n$n d&(t&nta( )$rc$)c&on$( d$ la r$al&dad ob,$t&va $n %u$ ($d$($nvu$lv$n. La $-&(t$nc&a d$ d&v$r(a( )$rc$)c&on$( or&g&na con&cto( $ntr$ lo( ag$nt$($con*'&co( %u$ d$b$n ($r r$(u$lto(.

Lo( con&cto( %u$ ($ g$n$ran d$b$n ($r r$(u$lto( d$ for'a $/c&$nt$+ r$duc&$ndo co(to( 0)r$v&n&$ndo la a)ar&c&*n d$ nu$vo( con&cto(.

"on $l ob,$to d$ alcan1ar $l ob,$t&vo ant$( &nd&cado $l (&(t$'a ,urd&co ha &ncor)orado c&$rto('$d&o( cu0o )ro)*(&to $( (oluc&onar lo( con&cto( (&n g$n$rar 'a0or$( antagon&('o( $ntr$ la()art$(.

Lo( '$d&o( d$ (oluc&*n d$ controv$r(&a( '2( d&fund&do( (on lo( (&gu&$nt$(3

a.N$goc&ac&*nb.M$d&ac&*nc."onc&l&ac&*nd.Arb&tra,$$.4roc$(o ,ud&c&al

#(to( '$d&o( ($ d&(t&ngu$n $ntr$ ( )or la &nt$rv$nc&*n d$ t$rc$ro( $n la (oluc&*n d$l con&cto.

#n $f$cto+ '&$ntra( $n la n$goc&ac&*n $l )roc$(o $(t2 nt$gra'$nt$ l&brado a la voluntad d$ la()art$(+ $n la '$d&ac&*n 0 $n la conc&l&ac&*n &nt$rv&$n$ un t$rc$ro 5'$d&ador o conc&l&ador6 )araa0udar a %u$ la( )art$( arr&b$n a un acu$rdo.

$(d$ un )unto d$ v&(ta doctr&nar&o la conc&l&ac&*n ($ d&(t&ngu$ d$ la '$d&ac&*n )or $l h$cho %u$$l conc&l&ador d$b$ )ro)on$r una f*r'ula conc&l&ator&a+ '&$ntra( %u$ $l '$d&ador no t&$n$ $(aobl&gac&*n 0 )or $llo )u$d$ o no for'ular una )ro)u$(ta d$ (oluc&*n.

#(ta d&(t&nc&*n no $( tan clara $n la l$g&(lac&*n )$ruana )u$( co'o v$r$'o( a cont&nuac&*n $nalguno( ca(o( $l conc&l&ador $(t2 obl&gado a for'ular una )ro)u$(ta conc&l&ator&a 0 $n otro( no+ $&nclu(o $n $l 2'b&to laboral $l conc&l&ador %u$ for'ula )ro)u$(ta( ($ $nt&$nd$ %u$ acta co'o'$d&ador.

4or otra )art$+ la conc&l&ac&*n 0 la '$d&ac&*n ($ d&(t&ngu$n d$l arb&tra,$ )or $l h$cho %u$ $l2rb&tro ( $(t2 facultado+ )or acu$rdo d$ la( )art$(+ )ara )on$r /n a la controv$r(&a '$d&ant$ la$-)$d&c&*n d$ un laudo arb&tral.

7&nal'$nt$+ $n $l ca(o d$l )roc$(o ,ud&c&al+ cual%u&$ra d$ la( )art$( )u$d$ obl&gar a la otra a(o'$t$r($ a d&cho '$d&o d$ (oluc&*n d$ controv$r(&a( a trav8( d$ la &nt$r)o(&c&*n d$ lad$'anda. A(&'&('o+ la( caract$r(t&ca( d$l )roc$(o no $(t2n l&brada( al acu$rdo d$ la( )art$(+toda v$1 %u$ ($ $ncu$ntran $(tabl$c&da( $n la l$0.

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A cont&nuac&*n d&(cut&r$'o( con 'a0or d$tall$ la( nu$va( conc$)c&on$( $n 'at$r&a d$n$goc&ac&*n+ a( co'o la 'an$ra $n %u$ la conc&l&ac&*n 0 $l arb&tra,$ han (&do r$gulado( $n $l$r$cho )$ruano.

II. LA N#GO"IA"ION

La n$goc&ac&*n $( un '$d&o d$ (oluc&*n d$ con&cto( $n $l %u$ la( )art$( bu(can )$r(uad&r una a

la otra d$l h$cho %u$ (u )$rc$)c&*n d$ una (&tuac&*n d$t$r'&nada $( la corr$cta.S& b&$n la n$goc&ac&*n fu$ co'n'$nt$ cal&/cada co'o un $nfr$nta'&$nto $ntr$ la( )art$(+ lat$nd$nc&a actual cal&/ca a la n$goc&ac&*n co'o un )roc$(o $n $l %u$ )r$do'&na $l traba,o $n$%u&)o d$no'&n2ndola 9n$goc&ac&*n coo)$rat&va:.

#n otra( )alabra( ($ ha r$d$/n&do la n$goc&ac&*n cal&/cando $l con&cto co'o una )robl$'aco'n d$ la( )art$( %u$ 8(ta( (oluc&onar2n traba,ando $n $%u&)o.

La n$goc&ac&*n coo)$rat&va r$%u&$r$ %u$ $l n$goc&ador t$nga una nu$va *)t&ca $n la %u$ ($)r&v&l$g&$ lo (&gu&$nt$3

; S$r duro con $l )robl$'a+ no con la )$r(ona+ $(to $( )$n(ar $n la otra )art$ co'o un (oc&o $nla $')r$(a d$ r$(olv$r )robl$'a( co'un$(+ ant$( %u$ con(&d$rarlo co'o )art$ d$l )robl$'a.

A( v&(ta( la( co(a( corr$()ond$ a lo( 9(oc&o(: atacar dura'$nt$ $l )robl$'a+ )$ro no atacar($'utua'$nt$+ )u$(to %u$ $llo no fac&l&tar2 la (oluc&*n d$ (u( )robl$'a(.

; &(cut&r (obr$ lo( &nt$r$($( d$ la( )art$(+ no (obr$ la( )o(&c&on$(+ $( d$c&r d$b$ d$(cubr&r($%u8 $( lo %u$ cada uno r$%u&$r$ )ara (at&(fac$r (u( n$c$(&dad$(.

#n otra( )alabra(+ no c$ntrar($ $n la( )o(&c&on$( o )ro)u$(ta( for'ulada( (&no bu(car cu2l $( (u(u(t$nto+ %u8 $( lo %u$ ($ $(cond$ d$tr2(.

; "r$ar o)c&on$( d$ (oluc&*n %u$ (at&(fagan lo( &nt$r$($( 'utuo(+ $( d$c&r no )ro)on$r a%u$llo%u$ no ac$)tara'o( d$ $(tar $n la )o(&c&*n d$ la otra )art$.

S$ trata )u$( d$ g$n$rar un $()ac&o $n $l cual la( )art$( ($ d$d&%u$n a la cr$ac&*n d$ f*r'ula(d$ (oluc&*n (&n la )r$(&*n d$l co')ro'&(o+ (&')l$'$nt$ )ara t$n$r una ($r&$ d$ alt$rnat&va(d$ntro d$ la( cual$( ($ $(cog$r2 la '2( conv$n&$nt$.

; !(ar cr&t$r&o( ob,$t&vo( )ara $l$g&r $ntr$ la( o)c&on$( d$ (oluc&*n a%u8lla %u$ )onga /n a lacontrov$r(&a.

S$ trata d$ )$r(uad&r a la otra )art$ (obr$ la ba($ d$ la ra1*n+ $n lugar d$ )r$t$nd$r )r$(&onarla)ara %u$ ac$)t$ nu$(tra )o(&c&*n.

#(ta nu$va v&(&*n d$l )roc$(o d$ n$goc&ac&*n ($ $ncu$ntra )r$($nt$ $n $l 'undo $')r$(ar&al d$ho0+ $n $()$c&al $n lo( (&gu&$nt$( a()$cto(3

;

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#l $,$')lo '2( claro $n $(t$ ca(o $( la )r&'aca d$l ($rv&c&o 0 at$nc&*n al con(u'&dor $n la$(trat$g&a d$ la( $')r$(a( ld$r$(.

#n $f$cto+ la t$nd$nc&a actual $n 'at$r&a d$ $(trat$g&a $')r$(ar&al $( favor$c$r la at$nc&*n)$r'an$nt$ a la( n$c$(&dad$( d$ lo( cl&$nt$( d$ 'an$ra tal %u$ ($ g$n$r$ una r$lac&*n d$coo)$rac&*n+ la '&('a %u$ a($gura la /d$l&dad d$ la cl&$nt$la+ la cual a (u v$1 r$dunda $nb$n$/c&o tanto )ara $l cl&$nt$ co'o d$l )rov$$dor.

III. LA "ON"ILIA"I=N

Ad&c&onal'$nt$ a la n$goc&ac&*n un ($gundo '$d&o d$ (oluc&*n d$ con&cto( $( la conc&l&ac&*n.

"o'o &nd&ca'o( ant$r&or'$nt$ la conc&l&ac&*n ($ d&(t&ngu$ d$ la n$goc&ac&*n )or $l h$cho %u$&nt$rv&$n$ un t$rc$ro+ d$(&gnado )or la( )art$(+ %u&$n la( a0udar2 a bu(car una (oluc&*n alcon&cto.

S&n $'bargo+ d&cho t$rc$ro no t&$n$ ca)ac&dad d$ d$c&(&*n+ n& (u( )ro)u$(ta( (on obl&gator&a()ara la( )art$(+ %u&$n$( /nal'$nt$ (on l&br$( d$ ll$gar a un acu$rdo %u$ )onga /n al con&cto.

A cont&nuac&*n co'$ntar$'o( la( d&v$r(a( 'an$ra( $n %u$ la conc&l&ac&*n ha (&do r$cog&da $n lal$g&(lac&*n )$ruana.

A. "ON"ILIA"I=N #N 4RO"#IMI#NTOS AMINISTRATI@OS. IN#"O4I

$ acu$rdo con lo d&()u$(to )or $l $cr$to L$g&(lat&vo BCD $n cual%u&$r $(tado d$l)roc$d&'&$nto ($gu&do ant$ $l IN#"O4I+ &nclu(o ant$( d$ ad'&t&r($ a tr2'&t$ la d$nunc&a+ )u$d$c&tar($ a aud&$nc&a d$ conc&l&ac&*n.

#l acu$rdo al %u$ ($ arr&b$ $n la aud&$nc&a d$ conc&l&ac&*n t$ndr2 $f$cto( d$ tran(acc&*n$-tra,ud&c&al 5ttulo d$ $,$cuc&*n6+ lo %u$ fac&l&ta (u $-&g&b&l&dad $n $l ca(o d$ &ncu')l&'&$nto.

S&n $'bargo+ $( &nt$r$(ant$ notar %u$ la( )art$( ta'b&8n )u$d$n (o'$t$r($ a cual%u&$r otro'$can&('o a /n d$ (oluc&onar $l con&cto 5arb&tra,$+ '$d&ac&*n+ conc&l&ac&*n o '$can&('o('&-to(6+ d$ tal 'an$ra %u$ no ($ c&$rra n&nguna alt$rnat&va )ara la( )art$( )or $l h$cho %u$ ($ha0a dado &n&c&o al )roc$d&'&$nto ad'&n&(trat&vo.

E. T#L#"OM!NI"A"ION#S

"onfor'$ a la R$(oluc&*n d$l "on($,o &r$ct&vo d$ O(&)t$l NF CE?D?"OSI4T#L $n lo()roc$d&'&$nto( r$lac&onado( con lo( r$cla'o( d$ u(uar&o( d$ lo( ($rv&c&o( )bl&co( d$t$l$co'un&cac&on$(+ $l Tr&bunal d$ OSI4T#L )u$d$+ (& lo con(&d$ra o)ortuno+ r$al&1ar unaaud&$nc&a d$ conc&l&ac&*n.

#l acu$rdo conc&l&ator&o $%u&val$ a una r$(oluc&*n /nal d$l Tr&bunal+ )ara cu0o cu')l&'&$nto $lTr&bunal )u$d$ &')on$r '$d&da( caut$lar$( 0 (anc&on$(+ d$ for'a tal %u$ ($ bu(ca $v&tar %u$ la()art$( &ncu')lan con lo( co')ro'&(o( a(u'&do( $n la aud&$nc&a d$ conc&l&ac&*n.

A(&'&('o+ d$ acu$rdo a lo $(tabl$c&do $n $l R$gla'$nto G$n$ral )ara la Soluc&*n d$"ontrov$r(&a( $n la @a Ad'&n&(trat&va+ a)robado )or R$(oluc&*n d$l "on($,o &r$ct&vo NF CED??"OSI4T#L+ $l )roc$d&'&$nto ad'&n&(trat&vo ($gu&do ant$ OSI4T#L &nclu0$ una Aud&$nc&a d$

"onc&l&ac&*n+ la '&('a %u$ ($ ll$var2 a cabo (alvo %u$ alguna d$ la( )art$( 'an&/$(t$ (u d$($od$ no conc&l&ar.

. M#R"AO # @ALOR#S

$ confor'&dad con $l $cr$to L$g&(lat&vo NF B 0 la R$(oluc&*n "ONAS#@ NF CBD?B?#7K.Ctodo( lo( r$cla'o( 0 d$nunc&a( %u$ ($ )r$($nt$n ant$ la >ol(a d$ @alor$( d$ L&'a+ d$b$r2n ($r)r$v&a'$nt$ (o'$t&do( a la g$(t&*n "onc&l&ator&a d$l Ar$a d$ "onc&l&ac&*n 0 4rocurac&*n.

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#l acu$rdo conc&l&ator&o t$ndr2 la natural$1a d$ una tran(acc&*n $-tra,ud&c&al 0 (u &ncu')l&'&$nto)or )art$ d$l a(oc&ado ($r2 (anc&onado co'o falta grav$ )or la "2'ara &(c&)l&nar&a+ (&n)$r,u&c&o d$l d$r$cho d$l &nv$r(&on&(ta a r$cla'ar (u $,$cuc&*n $n la va ,ud&c&al.

K. S!4#RINT#N#N"IA # #NTIA#S 4R#STAORAS # SAL!

#n $l ca(o d$ la( $nt&dad$( )r$(tadora( d$ (alud la R$(oluc&*n NF CC??S#4S cr$a un "$ntro d$

"onc&l&ac&*n %u$ t&$n$ co'o ob,$t&vo &nt$rv$n&r $n la (oluc&*n d$ controv$r(&a( $n 'at$r&a d$(alud %u$ la( )art$( $n con&cto l$ (o'$tan+ ad'&n&(trando lo( )roc$(o( d$ conc&l&ac&*n %u$ ($&n&c&$n.

#(ta conc&l&ac&*n $( voluntar&a 0 )u$d$ ($r (ol&c&tada )or la( )art$( $n for'a &nd&v&dual ocon,unta.

#n $(t$ ca(o $l conc&l&ador )ro)on$+ d$ acu$rdo a la( c&rcun(tanc&a( 0 cuando lo $(t&'$conv$n&$nt$+ d&v$r(a( alt$rnat&va( d$ (oluc&*n d$ la controv$r(&a )lant$ada. #n con($cu$nc&a+ $lconc&l&ador no $(t2 obl&gado a for'ular una )ro)u$(ta conc&l&ator&a.

>. "ON"ILIA"I=N #TRAJ!I"IAL

La conc&l&ac&*n $-tra,ud&c&al $(t2 r$gulada )or la L#< EBDE 0 )or (u R$gla'$nto+ a)robado )or$cr$to Su)r$'o NF CC?B?J!S+ nor'a( %u$ la d$/n$n co'o un acto ,urd&co %u$ con(t&tu0$ un

'$can&('o alt$rnat&vo )ara la (oluc&*n d$ con&cto(+ )or $l cual la( )art$( acud$n ant$ un"$ntro d$ "onc&l&ac&*n+ Ju$1 d$ 4a1 L$trado o d$ un "onc&l&ador $n #%u&dad+ a /n %u$ l$( a(&(ta$n la b(%u$da d$ una (oluc&*n con($n(ual a (u con&cto d$ &nt$r$($(.

#l acta %u$ cont&$n$ $l acu$rdo conc&l&ator&o con(t&tu0$ ttulo d$ $,$cuc&*n+ d$ for'a %u$ ($fac&l&t$ $l $,$rc&c&o d$ lo( d$r$cho( %u$ )u$dan hab$r($ otorgado $n la conc&l&ac&*n.

#n la conc&l&ac&*n $-tra,ud&c&al lo( acu$rdo( ado)tado( ob$d$c$n n&ca 0 $-clu(&va'$nt$ a lavoluntad d$ la( )art$(+ ra1*n )or la cual $l conc&l&ador (*lo )ro)on$ $v$ntual'$nt$ f*r'ula(conc&l&ator&a( no obl&gator&a(.

". "ON"ILIA"I=N J!I"IAL

La conc&l&ac&*n ,ud&c&al ($ $ncu$ntra r$gulada $n $l "*d&go 4roc$(al "&v&l 0 )u$d$ d$/n&r($ co'ouna for'a $()$c&al d$ conclu(&*n d$l )roc$(o $n v&rtud d$ la cual la( )art$( $n un )roc$(o

,ud&c&al arr&ban a un acu$rdo con $l %u$ ($ )on$ /n al )roc$(o+ $l '&('o %u$ t&$n$ $l $f$cto d$co(a ,u1gada.

#n la conc&l&ac&*n ,ud&c&al $l Ju$1 $(t2 obl&gado a for'ular una )ro)u$(ta conc&l&ator&a %u$ la()art$( t&$n$n $l d$r$cho d$ ac$)tar o r$cha1ar.

#n $(t$ ($nt&do la conc&l&ac&*n ,ud&c&al d&/$r$ d$ la )ract&cada $n $l 2'b&to ad'&n&(trat&vo 0 d$ la$-tra,ud&c&al+ toda v$1 %u$ $n $(ta( lt&'a( $l conc&l&ador no $(t2 obl&gado a for'ular )ro)u$(tad$ (oluc&*n alguna.

#( &')ortant$ &nd&car %u$ (& $n la ($nt$nc&a ($ otorga a %u&$n r$cha1* la )ro)u$(ta conc&l&ator&a&gual o '$nor d$r$cho %u$ $l )ro)u$(to $n la conc&l&ac&*n ($ l$ &')ondr2 una 'ulta no '$nor d$do( n& 'a0or d$ d&$1 !n&dad$( d$ R$f$r$nc&a 4roc$(al.

La &')o(&c&*n d$ una 'ulta a una d$ la( )art$( )or no conc&l&ar af$cta d$ alguna 'an$ra (u

l&b$rtad )ara ac$)tar o r$cha1ar la )ro)u$(ta conc&l&ator&a+ lo %u$ ha af$ctado la $f$ct&v&dad d$ laconc&l&ac&*n $n 'at$r&a ,ud&c&al.

A(&'&('o+ $l h$cho %u$ la conc&l&ac&*n ($ ll$v$ a cabo ant$ $l '&('o Ju$1 %u$ r$(olv$r2 lacontrov$r(&a t&$n$ ta'b&8n un $f$cto n$gat&vo+ )u$( la( )art$( t&$nd$n a 'o(trar($ r$($rvada( 0r$t&c$nt$( a co')art&r &nfor'ac&*n o for'ular )ro)u$(ta(+ lo %u$ hac$ 'u0 d&fc&l %u$ ($ g$n$r$un $()ac&o d$ d&2logo 0 cr$ac&*n con,unta d$ &d$a( %u$ fac&l&t$ la b(%u$da d$ un acu$rdo.

. "ON"ILIA"I=N #N #L M>ITO # R#LA"ION#S "OL#"TI@AS # TRA>AJO

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La conc&l&ac&*n $n $(ta 'at$r&a ($ r$gula )or lo d&()u$(to $n la L$0 d$ R$lac&on$( "ol$ct&va( d$Traba,o 5$cr$to L$0 NF E6 0 $n $l R$gla'$nto d$ la L$0 d$ R$lac&on$( "ol$ct&va( d$ Traba,o5a)robado )or $cr$to Su)r$'o NFC?E?TR6.

#n $(t$ 2'b&to la conc&l&ac&*n ($ d$/n$ co'o una for'a d$ (oluc&*n d$ con&cto( laboral$( %u$($ d$b$ra caract$r&1ar )or ($r $-&bl$ 0 (&')l$ $n (u d$(arrollo+ $n la cual un conc&l&ador)ro'u$v$ $l av$n&'&$nto d$ la( )art$(.

urant$ $l )roc$d&'&$nto la( )art$( )u$d$n ll$gar o no a un acu$rdo conc&l&ator&o 0 r$un&r($tanta( v$c$( co'o lo d$($$n.

#( &nt$r$(ant$ notar %u$ )ara $f$cto( laboral$( $l conc&l&ador %u$ for'ul$ )ro)u$(ta( d$(oluc&*n+ ($ $nt&$nd$ %u$ acta co'o '$d&ador. #n $($ ($nt&do la conc&l&ac&*n $n $l 2'b&tolaboral ($ d&(t&ngu$ clara'$nt$ d$ la conc&l&ac&*n ,ud&c&al+ dond$ $l conc&l&ador $(t2 obl&gado afor'ular una )ro)u$(ta conc&l&ator&a.

#. "ON"ILIA"I=N #NTR# #M4L#AOR#S < TRA>AJAOR#S

La )o(&b&l&dad d$ conc&l&ar $ntr$ $')l$ador$( 0 traba,ador$( ($ $ncu$ntra r$cog&da $n $l $cr$toSu)r$'o NF CCE??TR+ confor'$ al cual la conc&l&ac&*n )u$d$ d$/n&r($ co'o un &n(t&tutod$(t&nado a )ro'ov$r $l acu$rdo $ntr$ $')l$ador$( 0 traba,ador$(+ a /n d$ $ncontrar una(oluc&*n aut*no'a a la( controv$r(&a( %u$ (ur,an $n la r$lac&*n laboral+ caract$r&1ada )or la

$-&b&l&dad 0 (&')l&c&dad $n (u d$(arrollo.$ acu$rdo con $l $cr$to Su)r$'o NF CCE??TR $l acta %u$ cont&$n$ la obl&gac&*n d$ )ago d$una (u'a l%u&da t&$n$ '8r&to $,$cut&vo )ara todo $f$cto l$gal 0 $n lo( d$'2( ca(o( t$ndr2 $lcar2ct$r d$ &n(tru'$nto )bl&co.

#n lo %u$ ($ r$/$r$ a la obl&gator&$dad d$ a(&(t&r a conc&l&ar la nor'a $(tabl$c$ %u$ $( obl&gator&o)ara $l $')l$ador a(&(t&r cuando a( lo (ol&c&ta $l traba,ador+ d$ lo contrar&o $(tar2 (u,$to al )agod$ una 'ulta.

S&n $'bargo+ la( )art$( (on l&br$( d$ ll$gar o no a un acu$rdo conc&l&ator&o+ (&n %u$ $l conc&l&adort$nga obl&gac&*n d$ )ro)on$r una f*r'ula d$ (oluc&*n.

7. "ON"ILIA"I=N #N #L M>ITO 4RO"#SAL LA>ORAL

La conc&l&ac&*n ta'b&8n ha (&do r$cog&da $n la L$0 4roc$(al d$l Traba,o 5L$0 NF E6 co'o unafor'a $()$c&al d$ conclu(&*n d$l )roc$(o laboral %u$ )u$d$ ($r )ro'ov&da o )ro)u$(ta d$()u8(d$ la aud&$nc&a n&ca+ $n cual%u&$r $(tado d$l )roc$(o+ ant$( d$ la ($nt$nc&a.

La( )art$( (on l&br$( d$ conc&l&ar o no+ )$ro $n $l ca(o %u$ arr&b$n a un acu$rdo conc&l&ator&o 8(t$t&$n$ valor d$ co(a ,u1gada.

#n $l ca(o d$ la conc&l&ac&*n $n $l )roc$(o laboral no ha0 obl&gac&*n )or )art$ d$l 'ag&(trado d$for'ular una )ro)u$(ta conc&l&ator&a+ lo cual $( con($cu$nt$ con la r$gulac&*n d$ la conc&l&ac&*n$n 'at$r&a laboral dond$ $l conc&l&ador ($ l&'&ta a bu(car $l adv$n&'&$nto d$ la( )art$(.

G. "ON"ILIA"I=N #N #L M>ITO # 4ROT#""I=N 7R#NT# A LA @IOL#N"IA 7AMILIAR

La conc&l&ac&*n ta'b&8n ha (&do ut&l&1ada co'o un '$can&('o alt$rnat&vo or&$ntado a la (oluc&*nd$ )robl$'a( fa'&l&ar$(+ %u$ t&$n$ )or ob,$to la (oluc&*n d$l con&cto 0 la )ro'oc&*n d$l

fortal$c&'&$nto d$ lo( la1o( fa'&l&ar$( $ntr$ c*n0ug$(+ )adr$( 0 fa'&l&ar$(.

#n $(t$ ca(o la c&tac&*n al agr$(or ($ $f$cta ba,o a)$rc&b&'&$nto d$ ($r d$nunc&ado )or d$l&tod$ r$(&(t$nc&a o d$(ob$d&$nc&a a la autor&dad+ a /n d$ obl&garlo a co')ar$c$r.

S&n $'bargo+ $n $l )roc$(o d$ conc&l&ac&*n la( )art$( (on l&br$( d$ arr&bar o no a un acu$rdo+)u$( /nal'$nt$ d$ $lla( d$)$nd$ $l r$(ultado d$ la conc&l&ac&*n.

S& ($ ll$ga a un acu$rdo 8(t$ t$ndr2 $l '&('o $f$cto %u$ la ($nt$nc&a %u$ t&$n$ la autor&dad d$co(a ,u1gada 0 )or $llo $l &ncu')l&'&$nto d$ la conc&l&ac&*n conc$d$ al 7&(cal $l d$r$cho d$r$curr&r al Ju$1 d$ 7a'&l&a+ )ara $-&g&r ,ud&c&al'$nt$ (u $,$cuc&*n.

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#n lo %u$ r$()$cta a $(t$ t&)o d$ conc&l&ac&*n no ha0 obl&gac&*n )or )art$ d$l /(cal d$ for'ularuna )ro)u$(ta conc&l&ator&a+ a d&f$r$nc&a d$ lo %u$ (uc$d$ con la conc&l&ac&*n ,ud&c&al dond$for'ular la )ro)u$(ta con(t&tu0$ una obl&gac&*n d$l conc&l&ador.

I@. AR>ITRAJ#

#l arb&tra,$ $n $l 4$r ($ $ncu$ntra r$gulado $n la L$0 EDE 0 ($ d$/n$ co'o un '$d&o d$

(oluc&*n d$ controv$r(&a( $n v&rtud d$l cual la( )art$( acu$rdan 5conv$n&o arb&tral6 (o'$t$r la(oluc&*n d$ d$t$r'&nado( con&cto( %u$ ha0an (urg&do o )u$dan (urg&r $ntr$ $lla( r$()$cto d$una d$t$r'&nada r$lac&*n ,urd&ca a la d$c&(&*n 5laudo arb&tral6 d$ uno o var&o( t$rc$ro( 52rb&tro(6.La for'a d$ no'bra'&$nto d$ lo( t$rc$ro( ta'b&8n $( acordada )or la( )art$(.

La c$l$brac&*n d$l conv$n&o arb&tral d$)$nd$ nt$gra'$nt$ d$ la voluntad d$ la( )art$(+ )$rouna v$1 c$l$brado obl&ga a 8(ta( 0 a (u( (uc$(or$( a la r$al&1ac&*n d$ cuanto( acto( ($ann$c$(ar&o( )ara %u$ $l arb&tra,$ ($ d$(arroll$+ )u$da t$n$r )l$n&tud d$ $f$cto( 0 ($a cu')l&do $llaudo arb&tral.

La l&b$rtad d$ r$gulac&*n d$ $(ta for'a d$ (oluc&*n d$ controv$r(&a( no (*lo abarca la )o(&b&l&dadd$ no'brar a lo( 2rb&tro(+ (&no ta'b&8n la d$ )actar $l lugar 0 la( r$gla( a %u$ ($ (u,$ta $l)roc$(o arb&tral+ lo %u$ ha 'ot&vado (u d&fu(&*n 0 ac$)tac&*n co'o '$d&o $/ca1 d$ (oluc&*n d$controv$r(&a(.

#( &nt$r$(ant$ notar %u$ d$ acu$rdo con lo d&()u$(to )or la L$0 G$n$ral d$ Arb&tra,$ lo( 2rb&tro((on co')$t$nt$( )ara )ro'ov$r conc&l&ac&*n $n todo 'o'$nto 0 d$ dar($ la conc&l&ac&*n 8(tatra$ con(&go la conclu(&*n d$l )roc$(o.

#n otra( )alabra(+ aun d$ntro d$ la '$c2n&ca arb&tral ($ r$conoc$ la n$c$(&dad d$ contar conotro( '$d&o( %u$ coad0uv$n a la (oluc&*n d$/n&t&va d$l con&cto.

4or la( ra1on$( $-)u$(ta( d&v$r(a( &n(t&tuc&on$( han ado)tado $l arb&tra,$ co'o '$d&o d$(oluc&*n d$ (u( controv$r(&a( )ara d$t$r'&nada( 2r$a( o act&v&dad$(+ co'o (on la for'al&1ac&*nd$ la )ro)&$dad &nfor'al+ la( t$l$co'un&cac&on$(+ la( conc$(&on$( $l8ctr&ca(+ la &nv$r(&*n )r&vada$n &nfra$(tructura+ $l '$rcado d$ valor$(+ $ntr$ otro(.

@. A MAN#RA # "ON"L!SION

"o'o ($ )u$d$ a)r$c&ar d$ la r$v&(&*n la( nor'a( ant$( r$($ada(+ $-&(t$ una d&v$r(&dad d$

'$d&o( d$ (oluc&*n d$ con&cto( $n $l $r$cho )$ruano cu0o ob,$t&vo $( con(t&tu&r unaalt$rnat&va $f$ct&va )ara la (oluc&*n d$ lo( con&cto( $n la (oc&$dad.

S&n $'bargo+ no d$b$'o( olv&dar %u$ $l 8-&to o fraca(o d$ lo( '$d&o( d$ (oluc&*n d$ con&cto(r$)o(a funda'$ntal'$nt$ $n no(otro(.

#n $f$cto+ d$)$nd$ d$ no(otro( )ro'ov$r la (oluc&*n d$ con&cto( a trav8( d$ '$d&o( %u$)r&v&l$g&$n lo( &nt$r$($( d$ la( )art$( 0 )$r(&gan una (oluc&*n ar'*n&ca al con&cto $n b$n$/c&ono (*lo d$ lo( d&r$cta'$nt$ &nvolucrado( (&no d$ la (oc&$dad $n g$n$ral.