THE SECOND AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

1865-1900

MATERIALS

Steel-made by purifying iron ore.

Bessemer Process-blast air into molten iron to burn off impurities (makes steel)

Expensive to purify

until the Bessemer Process

MATERIALS

Andrew Carnegie brought the Bessemer Process to America

Created U.S. Steel

Lowered the cost of steel from $100/ton to $12/ton in 1873

U.S.A. was built on steel (skyscrapers, railroads, bridges, etc)

TRANSPORTATION

RAILROAD AIRPLANES

Transcontinental Railroad 6 years to lay track from

San Francisco to Omaha Union Pacific started in

Omaha and headed west Central Pacific started in

SF and headed east Met near Ogden, Utah

Drove a golden spike to unite the tracks

Wright Brothers 1903- 1st powered,

sustained and controlled airplane flight

Kitty Hawk, NC

TRANSPORTATION

Automobiles Only affordable for

rich in early 1900s Henry Ford made

affordable for working class

Assembly line decreased cost .

Ford perfected the assembly line; he didn’t come up with the idea

ENERGY AND POWER

OIL ELECTRICITY

John D. Rockefeller Standard Oil Refined oil in Cleveland,

OH

Increase demand for oil in U.S. Cars Kerosene for lamps

Thomas Edison Invented the light bulb

Bamboo filament His invention changed

the way we live. How would your daily

life be different if you didn’t have electric lights?

COMMUNICATION

Telephone Invented by

Alexander Graham Bell

Obtained a patent in 1876

1st thing said on the phone, “Mr. Watson, come here”.