MYBRAIN15: TRANSFORMING HUMAN CAPITAL IN MALAYSIA TOWARDS VISION 2020

ICPE-5 2012Universiti Teknologi Malaysia18 Dec. 2012By Prof. Dr. Nik Maheran Nik Muhammad Universiti Malaysia Kelantan

Introduction

Motivation for MyBrain15 programme

Doctorate Issues

Strategic Planning of MOHE

MyBrain15 Success Factor research findings

Proposed Strategic Framework/Policy forMybrain15Implementation

In the new economy, financial capital is no longer at the forefront. The countrys competitiveness relies heavily on a critical resource the human capital

9MP aspire to increase the number of Malaysian doctorate degree holders to achieve world-class knowledge workersin Malaysia.

Top-class human capital is critical to drive the nations economic growth, trigger sustainable and highly competitive economic development and explore new areas of research that can sustain its competitive advantage over others;

The strategies aggressive of MYBRAIN15 - aim of60,000 doctorate degree holders within 15 years

PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES /AREA OF STUDYENROLMENTADMISSIONGRADUATE

200820092008200920082009

ART & SCIENCE SOCIAL6,3007,6411,8152,080350328

SCIENCE3,6504,2191,1601,192290234

TECHNICAL2,2932,809669878145139

TOTAL12,24514,6693,6444,150785701

PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES /AREA OF STUDYENROLMENTADMISSIONGRADUATE

200820092008200920082009

ART & SCIENCE SOCIAL59412251695122726

SCIENCE516691952021514

TECHNICAL2213623978139

TOTAL133122783037925549

GRAND TOTAL13,57616,9473,9474,942840750

GRADUATES2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009ARTS199242279263310276295350328SCIENCE159136193134207284305290234TECHNICAL 128140144516472102145139TOTAL486518616448581632702785701

Total doctorates

Malaysias total of 5,992 doctorates compared to Korea, which has the highest number of S&T doctorates of about 52,595 (ISI web knowledge, 2007)6000050000400003000020000

Total S&T Doctorates Benchmark7853447426039 7463

Private100000

11517 8658

479 7095513 1803

PublicS. Korea

Taiwan

Finland

Malaysia Singapore

2.Patents Each Malaysian doctorate generates only 0.0164 patent as compared to 0.43 of the TaiwansPatents per S&T doctorates0.50000.40000.30000.20000.10000.0000

0.4267

0.2341

0.1381

0.0592

0.0164Taiwan Singapore S. Korea Finland Malaysia

3.Publications

Ex: Each Singapore doctorate generates 1.437 publications compared to Malaysias 0.0166.

1.5001.000

S&T publications per S&T doctorates1.4370.6180.500

0.312 0.298

0.1660.000

Singapore Taiwan Korea Finland Malaysia

Secondary School Output and Tertiary Education

only 32% of secondary school leavers in Malaysia enter tertiary education.All Secondary School***Enro lment : 2,164,862Fo rm 1-3: 1,375,776Fo rm 4 : 401,098Fo rm 5 : 387,988Boarding School(SBP & MRSM)Enro lment: 58,083Fo rm 1-3: 30,038Fo rm 4 : 13,024Fo rm 5 : 15,021

120,222UndergraduateDegree**Enrolment :388,58083,119

14,293MasterEnrolment :34,7559,313

3,429PhDEnrolment :11,133719AdmissionOutput 81% in Korea, 73% in US, 70% in Finland and 48% inJapan, Malaysia needs to increase the percentage of its school leavers who enter university. thepercentage of doctoral to bachelors degree

Malaysia ranked 4.1% in getting its undergraduates to pursue doctoral degree programmes with a percentage of 30.2%.

Percentage of Doctoral to Bachelors Degree Holders,Year 200635.0

30.0

25.0

20.0

15.0

10.0

5.0

0.0

2.8%4.1%

6.2%6.7%

30.2%

JapanMalaysiaUKUSSingapore

R&D Expenditure

The national R&D input indicators lag behind comparable competitive nations, and are still below their target of 1.5% of GDP (GERD/GDP).

3530 28.6225201510

R&D expenditure (2006)9.724.584.5550

1.14

Korea Taiwan Singapore Finland Malaysia

1. Admission to doctoral programme (e.g. length of time, selection process and supervisors acceptance criteria);

2. Research support,3. Supervision quality,

4. Facilities and equipment availability;5. Completion rate;

6. Financial Aid;7. lack of career attractiveness or opportunity for career development for people with a doctorate;

8. relevant programmes; and9. world-renowned professors

Note: These are issues emerged in the findings of a case studyconducted in one of the top Malaysian public HEIsFigure 4.1: Doctorate Degree Process Conceptual framework (researchers illustration)INFLUENTIAL FACTORS IN PURSUING DOCTORATE DEGREEFinancial SupportScholarship/Research Fellow/GrantWorking knowledge/ Relevance for working environment (Tennant, 2004)

AdmissionAdmission

Requirements

Process time

Availability of supervisors

Suitability of the research topic

CONTRIBUTION FACTORS TO COMPLETE THE DEGREEExamination process

Quality supervisorCourse experience

(Harman 2002)Student-academic

relationship

Excess to specialize

ENHANCING RESEARCH AND PUBLICATION ACTIVITIESHigher potential wages(Ehrenberg 1992)Cognitive Career/Academics career requirement(Enders 2004)

CandidatureCriteriaEducational

equipmentSupport

Cunningham and Toth

Departmental support

Family, friends, and faculty

Breadth of research training

Students- supervisors relationship

Professional Career

knowledge

Intellectual ability

Financial Support(1999)

Students aspiration andCareer attractiveness for doctoratedegree holders(Enders 2004)Personal Attributes(Young 2005)PhDs structure and model

(Bouner and Bowden, 2001)

MotivationResearch

AbilityMaturity

Problem solving

Working habits

Verbal ability

Writing ability

Technical literacy (Young, 2005)

Student Self Attributes(Haden 1993Intellectual culture and environment

MotivationDisciplinePerseverance

motivation

Concern over potential shortages of doctorates to academia, Malaysias action plan to produce 60,000 doctorates within the next 15 years has led to the coining of the programme name MyBrain15.

Malaysian government, through MOHE, PSD, MARA and MOSTI, has supported Malaysians with funds and financial aid for postgraduate studies

The need for many more doctoral degree holders in Malaysia is evident that Malaysia is now moving towards knowledge-driven economy.

ICPE-52012Malaysias targets for the short, intermediate and long terms2007

Phase I: (2009-2013) Phase II: (2014-2018) Phase III: (2019-2023)Target (Cumulative) 8,000Annual Output 719Enrolment 11,133

14K1Average of 1,500Average of 27,120

33KAverage of 3,830Average of 42,400

60KAverage of 5,500Average of 50,960Supervisor

NumberCapacity

7,8001.4students

2010: 8,00013.4 students

Average of 8,5005 students24.5 years

5.7 studentsDuration (years) Completion Rate AdmissionIndustry Doctorate

6 years50-60%3, 4290

4.8 years60% Average of 5,5701%1. Include academic staffs under SLAB/SLAI

80% Average of 6,2002%

95%3Average of 7,3305%42. Benchmark ANZ, US, UK3. Benchmark ANZ 98%4. Benchmark Denmark

Target Setting for Admission, Enrolment and Output of Doctorates(aggressive intervention will result in 60,000 doctorates in about 8years at a CAGR of 41%,medium intervention will result in the same number in about 15 years at a CAGR of 16%. ) ICPE-52012 The approach to develop MyBrain15strategies, initiatives and implementation plan Assess the factors attracting candidates and producingsufficient doctoral graduates; MOHE, to propose to the Government, initiatives/plans/changes which are outside of its sphere of control (e.g. MOE, MOSTI, government research institutes and industry players). Define the need for a doctoral-qualified (or equivalent)workforce; study successful models adopted by other nations to enhance their research-based innovation system

Admitting the right students Special Reward Scheme Build alliances with undergraduateprogrammes. Industry-faculty linkages Diversified of Doctoral Setup Investing in Scholarship Adequate mentoring from faculty to student. Creating partnership with all involving in doctoral studiesdding the right studentAdequate mentoring from faculty to student

Learning Community ModelCohort systemreating partnership with all nvolving in doctoral studies

Sharing facilitiesSharing expertiseiversified of Doctoral Setup Program and StructureInvesting in ScholarshipBuild alliances with undergraduate programs

Integrated system

Industry-faculty linkages Board of Fellow (BOF)eward/opportunity Scheme New salary schemeFigure 5.2: Proposed Strategic Framework for Mybrain15 Implementation CONTRIBUTING FACTORS TO PURSUE DOCTORATE DEGREE

JPA/SPA/JPN/GLC

Integrated System

MyBrain15 Builder program Supervisors Leadership Training DIVERSIFIED OF DOCTORAL SETUP

Board of Fellows (Committee) ADMISSION

ADMITTING THE RIGHT STUDENT

ur e criteria

Centres of Excellence BUILDING ACADEMIC GOODWILL

Resources/Facilities Perceive Completion COMPLETION FACTOR

ADEQUATE MENTORING

Examination and Submission process

Learning Community Model Cohort System

RESEARCH PUBLICATION

SUPERVISOR RELATIONSHIP BREATH OF RESEARCH TRAINING MOTIVATION AND INSPIRATION

PARTNERSHIP WITH OTHER UNIVERSITIES

INDICATORInfluential factors Strategy Action Plan (improved from existing) Action Plan (newly proposed)

No of doctorates

Productivity (patents/no of

doctorates)

productivity (publications/no of

doctorates)

Percentage

R&D expenditure ($US mil)

Average of 8,900

3.5 years2

20072008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222023

Admission

3429

4500

4950

5346

5667

5893

6011

6071

6132

6193

6255

6318

6634

6966

7314

7679

8063Enrolment1113314853189562338428054309903421237234400944284245538461354683748687506085306255596

Annual Output

719

805

846

918

996

2057

2700

3030

3270

3464

3603

5778

5991

5177

5457

5292

5549

Total doctorates

5992

6797

7643

8561

9558

11615

14315

17345

20615

24080

27682

33461

39451

44628

50085

55377

60925

PromotionWebsites (graduate school,

Professors)Research Council Unit

Supervisory Leadership trainingOutsource talentMyBrain15 Builder

BUILDING REWARD/ OPPORTUNITY SCHEME

Students (Building Personal Attributes)

Research Council Unit

BUILDING ALLIANCES WITH UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAM

INVESTING IN

SCHOLARSHIP

INDUSTRY-FACULTY LINKAGES

Candid

at

Website

Supervisor Quality

High Self Efficiency

Skill

High Self Interest

1:3)

Supervisor Availability (Ratio

CREATING

Grant/scholarship

Granted Talent (Overseas)

Promotion