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Main Points:. All magnets have a north & a south pole. Opposite poles attract. Like poles repel each other ( ie south repels south, north repels north). - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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17.2 Notes: Earth’s Magnetism
Main Points:All magnets have a north & a south pole.
Opposite poles attract.
Like poles repel each other (ie south repels south, north
repels north).
Types: Permanent magnets & electromagnets
SN
S S
Electromagnet: Can only display magnetism when there is an electric current source.
They are found in motors, hard drives, and tons of other devices.
Permanent Magnet:
The magnetic field is generated and maintained by the internal structure of the material itself.
Earth’s Magnetosphere
Magnetic Field Lines:
Describe:These allow you to figure out which way a magnet will align.Lines exit south pole & enter at north pole.
Magnetic North Pole
Main Points
It’s not the permanent geographic north pole!
It shifts about 10km/year.
Declination
Define
The angle of difference between the geographic (G-N) & magnetic north (M-N) poles.
20 degrees
M-N
G-N
Pole Reversals
Length of Cycle
The poles REVERSE approx every 250,000 years. Last reversal was more than twice as long: about 740,000 yrs ago!
If you were alive about 800,000 years ago, and facing what we call north with a magnetic compass in your hand, the needle would point to 'south.'
Ocean floor evidence of Pole Reversals
Location:
Areas where crust is actively being formed at mid-oceanic ridges.
Describe:
Location:
Lava pushes its way up thru seafloor & cools & solidifies.This reveals the alignment of magnetic minerals w/in the sea floor.
Scientists can see a banding pattern.
Young rocks are nearer the ridge, olderRocks are further away.
This banding also reveals pole reversals that have occurred.
Earth’s Liquid Outer Core
Composition: IRON!
Motion: Constantly moving in convection cells around the inner core!
Solid Inner Core:
Composition: IRON & Nickel!
Describe Theory
The liquid outer core swirls around the inner core.
Iron in the outer core acts as a conductor & creates a magnetic field.