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8/12/2019 17. NFHS-3 Nutritional Status of Adults
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2005-06 National Family Health Survey
(NFHS-3)
Adult
Nutrition
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Adult Nutrition
The poor nutrition conditions of
young children in India have
received much attention recently,
but adults are also experiencing a
variety of nutritional problems thatwill be examined in this
presentation.
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Contents
Malnutrition
Anaemia
Micronutrientintake
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Body Mass Index (BMI)
The BMI is defined as weight in kilograms divided byheight in metres squared (kg/m2).
A cut-off point of 18.5 is used to define thinness or acute
undernutrition and a BMI of 25 or above indicatesoverweight or obesity. BMI 0f 17.0-18.4 refers to mildlythin and
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
The percentage of ever-married women age 15-49 who are
overweight or obese increased from 11 percent in NFHS-2 to
15 percent in NFHS-3
This is a growing problem in India. Women suffer from a dual
burden of malnutrition with nearly half of them being either
too thin or overweight
As undernutrition decreases, overnutrition increases by
about the same amount
Dual Nutritional Burden
More than a third (36%) of women have a
BMI below 18.5, indicating a high prevalenceof nutritional deficiency. Among women whoare thin, 44% are moderately or severely thin.
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Prevalence of Undernutrition and
Overweight/Obesity among Adults by
Residence
13
7
24
36
41
25
96
16
3438
27
Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total
Women Men
NFHS-3, 2005-06
Undernutr i t ion
(%abno rmally th in)
%Overweight/
obese
Undernutrition ismore prevalent in
rural areas.
Overweight and
obesity are more
than three times
higher in urban
than rural areas.
Both
undernutrition and
overweight and
obesity are higher
among women
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Undernutrtion and
Overweight/Obese Women by Age
26
31
38
47
24
17
8
2
15-19 20-29 30-39 40-49
Underweight Overweight/Obese
Age in years
Malnutritionlevels are higher
among young
girls. Almost half
of the girls inage 15-19 are
undernourished.
Undernutrition
declines and
overnutrition
increases with
age of women
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Underweight and Overweight/
Obesity among Women by Wealth
52
46
38
29
18
2 47
15
31
Lowest Second Middle Fourth Highest
Underweight Overweight/Obese
More than half
of women in the
highest income
quintile areunderweight.
In contrast,
almost one-third
of women in thehighest income
quintile are
overweight or
obese.
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The percentage of
women who are too thin
is particularly high in
Bihar (45%),
Chhattisgarh and
Jharkhand (43% each).
Malnutrition levels arelowest in Delhi, Punjab,
and several of the small
northeastern states.
The percentage ofwomen who are
overweight or obese is
highest in Punjab (30%),
followed by Kerala (28%)
and Delhi (26%)
State Variations in Malnutrition
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Underweight and
Overweight/Obese Men
Similar variations are seen by state in the
percentage of men who are thin and the
percentage of men who are overweight andobese.
The prevalence of underweight and overweight
among men shows similar variations by age,education and wealth index.
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Contents
Malnutrition
Anaemia
Micronutrientintake
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Trends in Anaemia Prevalence
among Women
52
2
15
35
56
2
16
39
Mild Moderate Severe Any anaemia
NFHS-2 NFHS-3The anaemia
situation has
worsened over time
for women
10.0-10.9g/dl 7.0-9.9g/dl
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Anaemia Prevalence among
Women and Men by Residence
116
1
1814
12
2
28
56
1310
1
36
14
2
51
40
16
2
57
39
16
2
24
Mild Moderate Severe Any Mild Moderate Severe Any
Urban Rural Total
NFHS-3, 2005-06
The anaemia prevalence levels are more than two times higher among women than menwith almost half of them with moderate to severe anaemia. This indicates the worse
anaemic condition among women.
The prevalence of aneaemia is marginally higher in rural than urban areas but anaemia
is a common problem in both urban and rural areas.
More than 50 percent of women in urban areas are anaemic with almost a third of them
with moderate to severe anemia.
WomenMen
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Anaemia Prevalence among
Pregnant Women
2631
2
59
Mild Moderate Severe Any anaemiaNFHS-3, 2005-06
The prevalence of
anaemia among
pregnant women is
higher than among
non-pregnantwomen.
The prevalence of
moderate anaemiais greater among
pregnant women
women
The prevalence of
anaemia among
pregnant women is
higher.
The prevalence of
moderate to severe
anaemia is greater
among pregnantwomen women
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Contents
Malnutrition
Anaemia
Micronutrientintake
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Percentage of Household Using
Iodized Salt By Residence
13
2924
16
3025
72
41
51
Urban Rural Total
Not iodized Inadequately iodized Adequately iodized
Only about half ofthe households in
India use cooking
salt with
adequately content
More than two
thirds of urban
households used
adequately idolizedcooking salt
compared to just 41
percent in rural
areas.
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Food Consumption NFHS-3 asked women and men about the frequency of
consuming food from different food groups:
Milk or curd, pulses, fruits, dark green leafy
vegetables, eggs, chicken or meat and fish
33 percent of women and 24 percent of men arevegetarians
Consumption of fruits at least once a week is lesscommon. Sixty percent of women do not consume
fruits even once a week
The pattern of food consumption by men is similar tothat of women, but men are more likely than women toconsume milk or curd regularly
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KeyFindings
Indian women suffer a very high burden ofnutritional deficiency but the prevalence ofoverweight and obesity are also on the rise
This is a dual burden of malnutrition, withnearly half being either too thin or overweight
The prevalence of overweight or obesity
among women is highest in Punjab followedby Kerala and Delhi (the low fertility states)
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The prevelence of overweight and obesity
are on the rise among women in urban areas,
women who are well educated, women inhouseholds in the highest wealth quintile,
and Sikh women
The anaemia situation has worsened over
time for women
Anaemia increases with the number ofchildren ever born and decreases with
education and the households wealth