17 Industrial Pollution Gitesh Salunke

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Industrialpollution

Industrial

pollution

ByAr. Gitesh SalunkeRoll no. 17M. Arch. In Environmental Architecture



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§Industrialization is the process of social and economic change thattransforms a human group from a pre-industrial society into an industrialone.§It is a part of a wider modernization process, where social change and

economic development are closely related with technological innovation,particularly with the development of large-scale energy and metallurgyproduction.

Industrial Pollution§India’s industrial rise is closely accompanied by amounting problem of pollution and the

destruction of natural resources.

Definition

India is among the 10 most industrializedcountries in the world

Industrial survey statistics tell you that more thanone-third — 36.3 per cent — of the total value addedby to the raw materials through manufacture in thefactory sector of the country comes fromMaharashtra (23.66 per cent) and Gujarat (12.64per cent). Easily, the two most industrialised statesof India.

Some of the major industries in India are•Textiles industry•Chemicals industry•Food processing industry,•Steel industry•Cement industry•Mining•Petroleum•Software industry.

Industrial pollution can include§ Air pollution - carbon dioxide, monoxide and ozone§ Water pollution - petroleum spillage,§ Radiation§ Heat§ Land pollution - heavy metals§ Noise pollution§ E-wastes.

• Hurts the environment• Impacts on human lives and health are negative• Kills animals and plants• Imbalances in ecosystems• Degrades air quality radically• Damages buildings

• Degrades quality of life.



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There are six major industrial regions in India-1) Kolkata-Hugli region (West Bengal).2) Mumbai-Pune region (Maharashtra).3) Bengaluru-Coimbatore-Madurai-Tuticorin region (Tamil Nadu).4) Ahmedabad-Vadodra region (Gujarat).5) Chhotanagpur region.

6) Delhi and NCR region.

• 1,719 MLD of industrial effluents flow into the sea, mostly from Gujarat,Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala

waste

Rawmaterials

SO2

CO2

Hg

BOD

water energy

VOCs

nois

e

odour

Industrial effluents



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Global Warming§ The emission of

variousgreenhousegases such asCO2, methane(CH4), amongothers fromvariousindustries,increases theoveralltemperature of the earth

Effects

§ Global warminghas variousserious hazards,both on theenvironment aswell as onhuman health.

§ It results inmelting of glaciers andsnow-cappedmountains,

causing anincrease of thewater levels inseas and rivers,therebyincreasing thechances of

flood. - *

§

It also hasnumerous healthrisks on humans,such as increaseof diseases suchas malaria anddengue, cholera,Lyme disease and

plague, amongothers.

average yearly retreat (vanishing) of Himalayan

glaciers: 2006: 30 metres -- 1935-1999: 18 metres-- 1842-1935: 7 metres [DNA Jan 07]



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Air Pollution

§ With the increase in thenumber of industries andfactories due to theindustrial revolution; air pollution also hasincreased significantly.

§ The emissions containlarge amounts of gasessuch as sulphur oxides(SOx), ammonia (NH3),nitrogen oxides (NOx) andnon-methane volatileorganic compounds(NMVOCs)

§ These gases, whenpresent in elevated levelsin the atmosphere, oftenresult in variousenvironmental and healthhazards such as acid rain,

and various skin disordersin individuals.

Emissions of air pollutants



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Water PollutionDumping of various industrial waste products into water sources, and improper contamination of industrial wastes, often result in polluting the water.

Pollutants from industrial sources include:Asbestos – This pollutant is a serious health hazard and carcinogenic.Causes: Asbestos fibres can be inhaled and cause illnesses such as asbestosis,

mesothelioma, lung cancer, intestinal cancer and liver cancer.Lead – This is a metallic elementCauses: It is a non-biodegradable substance so is hard to clean up once theenvironment is contaminated. It is harmful to the health of many animals,including humans, as it can inhibit the action of bodily enzymes.Mercury – This is a metallic element.Causes: It is a non-biodegradable substance so is hard to clean up once the

environment is contaminated. It is also harmful to animal health as it cancause illness through mercury poisoning.



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Nitrates – The increased use of fertilisers means that nitrates are moreoften being washed from the soil andinto rivers and lakes.

Causes: Eutrophication, which can bevery problematic to marineenvironments.

Phosphates - The increased use of fertilisers means that phosphates aremore often being washed from the soiland into rivers and lakes.

Causes: Eutrophication, which can bevery problematic to marineenvironments.

Sulphur – This is a non-metallic substance. Causes: It is harmful for marine life.

Oils – Oil does not dissolve in water, instead it forms a thick layer on the water surface.Causes: This can stop marine plants receiving enough light for photosynthesis. It is also harmful for fish and marine birds.

Petrochemicals – This is formed from gas or petrol and can be toxic to marine life.



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Other Common EffectsCertain other common effects of industrial pollution include damaging buildings and structures,increasing the risk of various occupational hazards such as asbestosis, pneumoconiasis, amongothers.

Soil PollutionSoil pollution is defined as a phenomenon is which the soil loses its structure and fertility due to variousnatural and artificial reasons. Dumping of industrial wastes is one of the prime factors contributingtowards soil pollution. Industrial wastes contain large amounts of various chemicals which getaccumulated on the top layer of the soil, resulting in loss of fertility of the soil. Such loss of fertilityultimately results in changes in the ecological balances of the environment due to reduction in plantgrowth.

Industrial Accidents Reason Impact

Terra Industries Inc.Port Neal, Iowa

Inadequate indication of Process condition

Release of Ammonia.

More then 20 employees affected

Chernobyl Nuclear Plant, Ukraine

Inadequate knowledge of process as well as safety

parameters

$ 200 Billion

More then 1 Lakh people affected

Bhopal Gas Tragedy,India

Negligence in safety $ 500 Million

More then 20,000 people affected



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Conclusions:

•Install better controls to reduce discharges to water from factories, wastewater treatment plants.•Waste matter should be disposed immediately.•Public awareness•Strict implementation of polluter pays principal•The Government should ensure the new machines that Should be noise proof.•Works management should control major hazard installations by sound engineering and managementpractices.•Good plant design, fabrication and installation, including the use of high-standard components.•regular plant maintenance;•Good plant operation;•Good management of safety on site;•Regular inspection of the installation, with repair and replacement of components where necessary



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Eutrophication



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World is Sinking inoil….

Thank

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17 Industrial Pollution Gitesh Salunke