1612_HD-Tina

Hng dn s dng phn mm TINA 7

Nhm 5 Lp 03T3 Trang 1

TINA Pro 7 B Cng C Thit K Mch in T Hiu Qu

Phin bn : Tina 7.0.20 Nh Sn Xut: DesignSoft Website: http://www.designsoftware.com http://www.tina.com



Li Ni u

Trong na sau ca th k 20, s pht trin nh v bo ca khoa hc v cng ngh thc y cc ngnh khc pht trin. Hu ht tt c cc lnh vc trong i sng u ng dng cng ngh thng tin phc v cng vic mt cch hiu qu, nhanh chng v chnh xc hn.

i vi ngnh in t, trong 10 nm gn y, trn th trng th gii cng xut hin rt nhiu phn mm Thit k - M phng mch in t v cc phn mm V mch in. C th k ra cc phn mm tn tui nh : Circuit Marker 2000, OrCard, Multisim, Proteus, Tina Cc phn mm ny chnh l cng c gip cc k s, cc nh sn xut ti u ha cng vic ca mnh, t to ra nhng sn phm in t chnh xc, ng tin cy v gi thnh thp.

Nhm sinh vin chng ti xin c php gii thiu cng cc bn mt trong s cc phm mm Thit k - M phng mch in t v V mch in ni ting nht hin nay, l phn mm TINA 7 do nh sn xut DesignSoft pht hnh nm 2006.

TINA 7 l mt trong nhng gi phn mm mnh nht hin nay phn tch, thit k, m phng tn hiu s, tng t, VHDL v kt hp cc mch in t hay cc mch in ca chng. Quyn sch ny c chng ti thc hin trong thi gian rt ngn v trnh chuyn mn cha cao nn c th cn rt nhiu thiu st. Rt mong cc bn c gi ng gp kin cun sch c hon chnh hn. Mi chi tit xin vui lng gi v a ch e-mail: [email protected] Nng, ngy 17 thng 11 nm 2006 Nhm sinh vin lp 03T3 i hc Bch Khoa Nng



Mc Lc Ni dung Trang Chng 1: Gii thiu Phn mm ................................................................05

1. Gii thiu tng quan phn mm....................................................05 2. Cc i tng ca phn mm........................................................05 3. Cu hnh My tnh yu cu............................................................06

Chng 2: Hng dn c bn s dng Phn mm:..................................07 1. Gii thiu cch s dng Chut Phm nng ...............................07 2. Cc n v o...................................................................................12 3. Giao din Phn mm.......................................................................14 4. Cch ni dy t cc linh kin ....................................................14

Chng 3: Gii thiu cc My o v cc loi Ngun m phng..............16 1. Ngun tng t v ngun s.........................................................16 2. Gii thiu cc loi my o ..............................................................29

Chng 4: M phng Tng t (Analog) ..................................................45 1. Mch khuch i dng Transistor.................................................45 2. Mch chnh lu ton sng dng diode .........................................48

Chng 5: M phng Mch S (Digital) ....................................................49 1. Cch ni bus.....................................................................................49 2. Cc my dng cho vic o s ........................................................49 3. Cc linh kin v s cha trong cc th ..........................................50 4. Cch m phng s...........................................................................50 5. Hin th dng sng..........................................................................50 6. Thit k mch s..............................................................................52 7. M phng CHIP ..............................................................................54 8. V d minh ho................................................................................56 9. Cch s dng my LOGIC ANALYZER ......................................59

Chng 6: Thit k Mch In ........................................................................60 1. Khi to Mch in .............................................................................60 2. Thit lp v kim tra Footprint ......................................................60



3. Chuyn S nguyn l sang Mch in ........................................64 Chng 7: Khi to nhng k hiu nguyn l v cc footprint ring.....71

1. Son tho k hiu nguyn l..........................................................71 2. Thut s IC trong b son tho k hiu nguyn l.......................74 3. B son tho Footprint....................................................................76 4. Thut s IC trong b son tho Footprint......................................81

Chng 8: Trch xut thng s ....................................................................83 Chng 9: Cc ng dng m rng ca TINA 7 ........................................87

1. Phn tch FOURIER.........................................................................87 2. Thit k mch lc.............................................................................89 3. Lp trnh Vi iu khin 8051..........................................................92 4. To linh kin da vo nhng linh kin c sn........................93



Chng 1: GII THIU PHN MM TINA 7 1.1. Gii thiu tng quan phn mm:

TINA 7 l 1 trong nhng gi phn mm mnh nht hin nay phn tch, thit k, m phng tn hiu s, tng t, VHDL v kt hp cc mch in t hay cc mch in ca chng. Bn cng c th phn tch RF, cc mch quang in, kim tra v g li cc ng dng vi iu khin v vi x l. Mt tnh nng c bit ca phn mm l cho php bn a mch ra thc t thng qua cng USB c iu khin bi phn cng TINAlabII. Cc k s in t nhn thy rng phn mm TINA c nhiu u im nh: d s dng, y l 1 cng c hiu qu cao, trong khi cc ging vin th ng gi cao nhng tnh nng ca phn mm trong mi trng o to.

Phn mm c xy dng vi nhiu Phn tng tc vi nhau, ngi thit k c th v mch bng s nguyn l v chuyn sang dng mch in, quan st mch in di dng 3D v xut ra tp tin hnh nh gi n nh sn xut

S tng tc cao, y tnh nng v d s dng lm cho phn mm TINA chim u th hn cc phn mm Thit k mch khc hin nay

1.2. Cc i tng ca phn mm:

Vi nhng u im trn, phn mm TINA l mt cng c v cng c lc h tr cho cc k s thit k mch in t, v cc nh sn xut mch in.

Phn mm h tr m phng tng t v m phng s nn c cc ging vin nh gi cao trong mi trng nghin cu cc trng i hc.

Bn cnh , phn mm cng l cng c gip cho sinh vin, nghin cu sinh ngnh in t vin thng tip cn vi vic m phng mch in t, thit k mch in mt cch trc quan v d dng.

Hin nay, nh sn xut DesignSoft cng thng mi ho nhiu phin bn TINA khc nhau vi gi thnh khc nhau phc v cho cc i tng khc nhau



1.3. Cu hnh My tnh yu cu: s dng c phn mm TINA, bn phi c cu hnh my tnh ti

thiu nh sau: CPU Pentium II hoc cao hn. 64 MB b nh (RAM). cng cn trng t nht 100 MB. CD-ROM. Mn hnh mu SVGA. H iu hnh: Windows 9x, Windows NT/ME/XP, Windows 2000.

bt u chng trnh TINA, bn c th lm theo cc cch sau: T thanh Start ln lt chn: Start -> Programs -> Tina -> Tina.exe. Bm vo Biu tng trn Desktop:

Lu : S dng phm F1 c th xem Hng dn theo cc ch .



Chng 2: HNG DN C BN S DNG PHN MM

Trong chng ny, chng ta s tm hiu cc Giao din v Cu trc T chc phn mm. Tng bc lm quen vi vic s dng phn mm. 2.1. Giao din chnh ca phn mm:

Sau khi khi ng, giao din chnh ca chng trnh s xut hin:

Hnh 2.1 Giao din chnh ca chng trnh

1. Menu Bar: Trnh n hin th danh sch cc lnh. 2. The Cursor or Pointer: Con tr - c s dng la chn cc

lnh v chnh sa s nguyn l. Bn ch c th di chuyn con tr bng con chut my tnh. Ph thuc v cc ch hot ng m con tr c cc dng sau:

hnh mi tn trong ca s chnh ca chng trnh. hnh cy bt khi bn thc hin ni dy.

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hnh bn tay khi bn tr vo linh kin hoc ang a linh kin vo ca s chnh.

3. The Schematic window: ca s lm vic chnh ca chng trnh, cho php chnh sa, m phng s nguyn l ca mch trc tip. Ca s ny thc t l mt bn v ln. Bn c th di chuyn thanh cun nu vng son tho vt qu mn hnh chnh.

4. The Toolbar: Thanh cng c.

Bn c th chn hu ht cc lnh chnh sa mch trn Thanh

cng c ny. Lu rng cc lnh trn Thanh cng c cng nm trong Trnh n hoc c th s dng bng cc phm tt. Chng ta s cng i vo chi tit cc lnh trn Thanh cng c.

M mt tp tin s nguyn l sn c trong my tnh (.TSC hoc .SCH), m mt Marco (.TSM)

Lu s nguyn l ang s dng. Bn s thun li hn nu thng xuyn lu tr li mch ang lm nhm trnh tnh trng mt d liu khi my tnh tt t xut.

ng s nguyn l ang s dng.

Sao chp cc linh kin hoc cc ch c la chn.

Dn cc linh kin hoc ch sao chp vo ni cn dng.

Khi nt ny c nhn vo, bn c th s dng con tr di chuyn cc linh kin, dy ni hoc cc ch, thun li trong vic sp xp li s nguyn l theo mun.

Ly thm 1 bn sao ca linh kin trc m bn chn vi cng cc tham s.

S dng nt lnh ny v dy ni cho s nguyn l

Thm cc ch thch vo s nguyn l hay kt qu phn tch.

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Cho php ct 2 dy dn cho qua hoc ni vi nhau.

o chiu mt gc 900 cc linh kin c la chn.

Ly i xng cc linh kin c la chn. Phm tt: [CTRL-L] hoc [*].

Hin th ca s chnh dng li hoc khng.

Phng to s nguyn l c th nhn r cc linh kin.

Bn c th thay i t l phng to theo mun t 10% n 200%.

La chn danh sch cc Ch M phng:

Ch DC.

Ch AC.

Ch m phng tc thi lp li lin tc.

Ch m phng tc thi khng lp li. Bn c th iu chnh thi gian m phng trong phn Analysis Transient.

Ch S.

Ch VHDL

Nu nt lnh ny c chn, chng trnh s cho php hin th trnh trng li ca linh kin, ta c th thay i tnh trng li ca tng linh kin trong bn Thuc tnh (Properties Editor).

Chuyn i s nguyn l sang dng 3 chiu hoc 2 chiu. Phm nng: [F6]. y l mt c im ni bt phn mm



TINA phin bn 7 m cc phin bn c hay cc phn mm khc khng th thc hin c. ch ny, cc linh kin c hin th mt cch sng ng, gip ngi s dng quan st mch trc quan hn.

Hnh 2.2 Chuyn i gia dng 2D hoc 3D

Chuyn s nguyn l trc tip sang mch in.

Tm kim cc linh kin. Mt hp thoi Tm kim s hin ln cho php bn tm cc linh kin theo tn nh mong mun. Tuy nhin chng trnh c hn ch l khng th hin trc hnh dng linh kin m ta la chn nn gy rt nhiu kh khn cho ngi s dng.



Hnh 2.3 Ca s tm kim cc linh kin

Bn cng c th la chn cc linh kin trong danh sch ny. y l danh sch cc linh kin y nht ca chng trnh.

5. The Component Bar: Thanh Linh kin. Cc linh kin c sp xp thnh cc nhm. Mi khi bn la chn 1 nhm, cc linh kin trong nhm s xut hin trn thanh cng c. Khi nhn chut tri vo linh kin mong mun, con tr i sang hnh bn tay v bn c th b linh kin vo mch. Bn c th quay hoc o chiu cc linh kin trc khi a vo mch bng cch s dng cc phm [+/-] : quay 90o v phm [*]: ly i xng. Khi hiu chnh xong v tr cng nh hng ca linh kin, bn nhn chut tri 1 ln na t linh kin vo mch.

6. Find component Tool: Cng c gip bn tm kim nhanh cc linh kin bng tn c trong c s d liu ca phn mm.

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7. Open files tab: Th m cc tp tin. Bn c th m nhiu mch hoc nhiu phn ca mt mch in (Macro) cng mt lc, v cng c ny dng chuyn i gia cc tp tin c m. Ch cn nhn chut vo Th chuyn n mch bn cn.

8. The TINA Task bar: Thanh tc v nm pha di ca mn hnh, c chc nng cung cp nt tt cho cc dng c o khc nhau hay cc my o s dng trong chng trnh. Khi cc my o c nhn hot (trong phn T&M) th s xut hin 1 ca s mi tng ng vi mi loi. Bn chn nt LOCK (Kha) t ca s chnh ca chng trnh lun nm pha di cc ca s ca my o khc. iu ny thun li cho vic quan st m phng. Tuy nhin bn cng c th lm ngc li bng cc chn UNLOCK (Khng kha).

9. The Help line: Dng tr gip nm pha di cng ca ca s c chc nng cung cp nhng dng gii thch ngn gn hoc cc phm tt khi bn di chuyn con tr qua cc nt lnh.

2.2. S dng Chut: y l mt s phng php s dng chut c bn chnh sa s .

Hnh 2.4 Cc lnh khi nhn chut phi vo ca s son tho

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2.2.1. S dng Chut Phi: Khi bn bm chut phi vo chng trnh th s xut hin 1 menu gm

cc chc nng sau: Cancel Mode: Hy b linh kin (hoc dy ni) ang la chn. Last Component: Ly li linh kin cui cng s dng. Wire: Chuyn sang ch Ni dy. Trong ch ny, con tr c

hnh dng cy vit v bn c th v dy ni. Delete: Xa linh kin c la chn. Rotate Left, Rotate Right, Mirror: Quay hoc o chiu linh kin ang c la chn. Bn c th s dng t hp phm [CTRL-L] hoc [CTRL-R] quay cc linh kin.

Properties: S dng lnh ny bn c th hiu chnh cc thuc tnh ca linh kin nh gi tr, nhn bn c th thit lp cc tham s cho linh kin. Khi hp thoi Properties xut hin bn c th dng phm F9 sao chp cc gi tr t lm Tn ca linh kin.

2.2.1. S dng Chut Tri: Selection (La chn): khi nhn chui phi vo linh kin, bn s la

chn linh kin mong mun v b la chn cc linh kin khng mong mun.

Multiple selection (La chn nhiu linh kin): la chn 1 lc nhiu linh kin, bn gi phm SHIFT trong khi bm chut v cc linh kin mong mun. Nu linh kin c la chn, khi bn bm chut vo n 1 ln na th n s khng la chn linh kin na. Vic la chn nhiu linh kin 1 lc s thun li trong vic Nhm cc linh kin v di chuyn chng

Selection of all objects: Dng t hp phm CTRL-A la chn tt c cc linh kin trong mch.

Moving objects: Bn c th di chuyn cc linh kin bng cch nhn chut tri vo linh kin v ko th n ni mong mun.

Parameter modification: Khi bm 2 ln vo linh kin hp thoi thay i thng s ca linh kin s xut hin. Bn c th thay i cc thng s mong mun.

Crossing wires: Ni cc dy cho nhau. Block : t linh kin vo mch.



2.3. Cc n v o: Khi thay i cc tham s hay cc gi tr cho mt linh kin, bn c th s dng cc ch vit tt c nh dng nh sau:

V d bn c th nhp gi tr 1 in tr l: 1M (ohm) thay v phi nhp 1.000.000 (ohm). Lu : khi nhp gi tr s dng cc ch vit tt bn phi phn bit ch hoa v ch thng, ng thi khng c khong trng gia ch v s trc . 2.4. Cch ni dy t cc linh kin:

2.4.1. Cch t cc linh kin vo mch: Cc linh kin c ly ra t Thanh Linh kin v biu tng ca chng

c di chuyn bi con tr n ni cn t. Khi bn nhn chut tri, chng trnh s t ng t linh kin vo bn mch chnh. Cc linh kin c th c nh v thng ng hoc nm nganh hoc c th quay mt gc 900 theo chiu kim ng h bng cch bm phm [+] hoc t hp phm [Ctrl-R], hay quay ngc chiu kim ng h bng cch bm phm [-] hoc t hp phm [Ctrl-L]. Hn na, mt s linh kin (nh Transitor) c th o chiu bng cch s dng phm [*]. Bn cng c th s dng cc nt

hoc nhn chut phi vo linh kin v chn Rotate Left/Rotate Right/Mirror.

Sau khi cc linh kin c nh v v t vo mch, bn c th nhn i chut tri vo linh kin, mt hp thoi hin ln cho php bn thay i cc tham s, cc gi tr ca linh kin.



Hnh 2.5 Bng thit lp cc thuc tnh cho linh kin

2.4.2. Cch ni dy: v mt dy ni, bn di chuyn chut vo im cui cng ca linh kin, ni s bt u 1 dy ni. Con tr s bin i thnh hnh cy vit. Ty thuc vo vic ty chn ca chng trnh m bn c th ni dy theo 2 cch sau:

T im bt u ni dy, bn nhn chut tri, sau di chuyn cy bt v chng trnh s t ng v dy theo hng i. Trong khi v dy, bn c th di chuyn bt c hng no v dy ni cng s t ng i theo. kt thc vic ni dy, bn bm chut tri mt ln na. y l ch ni dy mc nh trong cc phin bn TINA t trc ti nay v n c u im l tng i d s dng, to ra ng ni dy p.

Chn ch ni dy: hoc bm phm tt [SHIFT]. Sau bn nhn chut tri vo im cn ni v di chuyn cy bt. kt thc vic ni dy, bn bm chut tri mt ln na.

Nu bn mun hy b dy ni khi ang di chuyn cy bt, bn ch cn bm nt [ESC].

Khi ang ni dy, nu bn nhn v gi phm [CTRL] th con tr di chuyn n u, dy ni s t ng v trc tip vo mch n v tr ca con tr.

on dy ni c to ra lun nm ngang hoc thng ng. Tuy nhin bn cng c th c c nhng on dy ni nm nghing bng vic s dng cc linh kin to ra mch cu trong Thanh linh kin c bit.



Chng 3: GII THIU CC MY O V CC LOI NGUN M PHNG 3.1. Ngun tng t v ngun s : Trn thanh cng c s hin th ra khi ta nhn chut trc tip trn th Sources:

Hnh 3.1 Thanh Linh kin gm cc Ngun m phng

3.1.1. Ngun tng t: c s dng m phng trong cc mch tng t.

voltage source : l ngun in p mt chiu. Sau khi ly linh kin ra ta nhn dp vo linh kin s hin ra bng nh sau:

Hnh 3.2 Bng thit lp thuc tnh cho ngun in p 1 chiu

Label: l tn k hiu ca linh kin s hin ra trn giao din Footprint name: l tn ca linh kin khi ta v mch in Voltage[V] ta chnh mc in p mt chiu nu khng ghi n

v th n v mc nh l vol. Ngoi ra cn c cc bi s khc: m (mili vol),k(kilo vol) mun cho hin th ra ngoi th ta dnh du vo vung bn cnh.

Internal resistange:l in tr trong ca ngun



IO state :cho php ta xc nh Sau khi chn xong ta nhn OK

current source: l ngun dng mt chiu. Sau khi ly linh kin ra ta nhn i vo linh kin s hin ra bng nh sau:

Hnh 3.3 Bng thit lp thuc tnh cho ngun dng 1 chiu

Cc thng s cng tng t nh ngun p trn. Ch khc ch thng s Current l ta phi ghi gi tri cho dng in.

battery: y l ngun pin mt chiu. Sau khi ly linh kin ra ta nhn i vo linh kin s hin ra bng nh sau:

Hnh 3.4 Bng thit lp thuc tnh cho ngun pin 1 chiu

Ta phi chnh cc thng s tng t nh trn ngun p.



voltage generator: l mt ngun p. Vi linh kin ny ta c th to c mt ngun tn hiu bt k nh chng ta mong mun. Sau khi ly linh kin ra ta nhn i vo linh kin s hin ra bng nh sau:

Hnh 3.5 Bng thit lp thuc tnh cho ngun p

Dc level [v] :l mc in p mt chiu Signal :cho php chng ta xc nh c dng ca tn hiu.ta

nhn chut tri vo phn ch mu xanh ca ny th s xut hin ta nhn vo nt ny s hin ra bng sau:

Hnh 3.6 Bng thit lp dng tn hiu

Da vo bng ny ta xc nh c dng ca tn hiu .

pulse: tn hiu dng xung



unit step: tn hiu dng bc nhy sinusodial: tn hiu dng hnh sin cosinusodial: tn hiu dang cos square: tn hiu dng vung triangle: tn hiu dang tam gic general: tn hiu dng hnh thang User defined: tn hiu theo mt hm no do ngi dng

to ra. Khi nhn vo th ny s xut hin ca s sau:

Hnh 3.7 Bng thit lp dng tn hiu ngi dng t nh ngha

Ta c th ghi tin hiu di dng mt hm s vi bin t. Sau nhn test kim tra hnh dng ca tn hiu. Sau ta nhn OK.

v Ch : khi ghi tn hiu dng hm bc 2 tr ln ta phi ghi dng

hm m. V d:vi hm bc 2 : t^2 ch ta khng c ghi l t*t

current generator : l mt ngun to tn hiu dng dng in. Sau khi ly linh kin ra ta nhn i vo linh kin s hin ra bng nh

sau:



Hnh 3.8 Bng thit lp thuc tnh cho ngun to

tn hiu dng dng in

Cch thit lp cc thng s ging nh trn ngun p.

I(U): l ngun dng c iu khin bng in p.

Hnh 3.9 Bng thit lp thuc tnh cho ngun dng c

iu khin bng in p

Gi tr ngun dng to ra c tnh bng gi tr ngun p iu khin a vo nhn vi h s trong transconductance [S].



U(U): ngun p c iu khin bng in p.


iu khin bng p

Gi tr ngun p to ra c tnh bng gi tr ngun p iu khin a vo nhn vi h s trong voltage amplication.

U(I): ngun p c iu khin bng dng in.


iu khin bng dng in Gi tr ngun p to ra c tnh bng gi tr dng in iu khin a vo nhn vi h s trong transresistance [ohm]



I(I): l ngun dng c iu khin bng dng in.

Hnh 3.12 Bng thit lp thuc tnh cho ngun dng

c iu khin bng dng in

Gi tr ngun dng to ra c tnh bng gi tr dng in iu khin a vo nhn vi h s trong current amplication.

pulse source: l ngun xung trong cc m phng s. im c bit ca loi ngun ny l ta c th chn c kiu xung m chng ta mong mun dng tun hon hay khng tun hon. C th thay i chiu rng ca xung theo ta mong mun. Sau khi ly linh kin ra ta nhn i vo linh kin s hin ra bng nh sau :

Hnh 3.13 Bng thit lp thuc tnh cho ngun xung



Cc thng tng t nh phn trn. Ngoi ra c c cc thng s khc nh :

Pattern : khi ta nhn vo ny s hin ra u ta nhn vo y s hin ra bng sau :

Hnh 3.14 Bng thit lp Moments&Level

Add new : thm vo dng xung. Khi n vo y pha bn phi ca s s xut hin nh sau :

Default: l dng mc nh mc thp. Nhng ta c th thay i c.

Moment #1: l khong thi gian bt u xy ra s kin 1. Level #1 : cho php ta hiu chnh mc in p cao hay thp ti

thi im ta ch ra trn moment #1. C bn mc tu chn nh hnh v.



v Ch : ta c th to ra nhiu s kin nh vy bng cch Add new nhiu ln. Chng ta c th to ra xung tun hon hay khng tun hon bng cch nh u hoc khng nh u vo repeat.

Remove last: loi b i s kin c chn Add new. Clear: xo ht v dng lc u khi cha thit lp thng s. Load: cho php ta co th to c ngun xung m c to

sn trc y v c lu vo u . Lc ny ta ch cn ch n ng dn thit lp ngun xung.

Save as: lu dng ca ngun xung sau ny c th ly ra s dng li khi cn thit. Sau khi thit lp cc thng s xong ta nhn OK.

clock : cho php chng ta to ra tn hiu xung tun hon. Khi ly c linh kin ra ta nhn i vo n s hin ra bng thng s sau :

Hnh 3.15 Bng thit lp tn hiu xung tun hon

Cc thng s Label, Pootprint name, Parameter thit lp nh

trn. Frequency: l tn s ca xung. Duty cycle: l t s gia thi gian lc u(T1) vi chu k ca

xung. Odd state [T1]: xc nh mc in p trong khong thi gian

T1. Even state [T2]: xc nh mc in p trong khong thi gian

T2. Start time, Stop time: l gii hn thi gian bt u v thi gian

kt thc.



Start state, Stop state: l trng thi bt u v kt thc ca xung.

rise time: thi gian cn thit thay i mc trng thi. Cng nh cng tt. Thng ta dng mc nh ch khng nn thay i sau khi thit lp cc thng s xong ta nhn OK.

Pulse 2 : tng t nh cng c pulse.

Clock 2 : tng t nh clock.

Digital voltage source : ngun mt chiu cho m phng s.

Hnh 3.16 Bng thit lp thuc tnh ngun 1 chiu m phng s

Output voltage : ta thit lp gi tr in p cho ngun. hin th gi

tr ny trn giao din ta nh du vo vung bn cnh.

Digital high source : ngun s mc cao. To mc in p chun quy nh mc cao.

Hnh 3.17 Bng thit lp thuc tnh ngun s mc cao



Digital low source : ngun s mc thp.to mc in p chun quy nh mc thp.

Hnh 3.18 Bng thit lp thuc tnh ngun s mc thp

data generator 4-bit : l ngun pht 4 bit cho ch m phng s m u ra c th thay i l mc cao hay mc thp.

Hnh 3.19 Bng thit lp thuc tnh ngun pht 4 bit

Cc thng s label, footprint name,parameter thit lp nh trn. Pattem : cho php chng ta hiu chnh dng tn hiu pht ra ngoi. Khi

nhn vo s hin ra ca s sau :



Hnh 3.20 Bng thit lp dng tn hiu

Tng cng c 256 a ch c ngha l chng ta c th to ra c 256

dng cc tn hiu pht ra trn 4 u ra ca thit b. Affected address (low) : xc nh s th t ca xung pht bt u fill

Affected address (high) : xc nh s th t ca xung pht kt thc fill. khi nhn Fill s hin ra bng sau :

Hnh 3.21 Bng in nhanh s 0 hoc 1



Fill with 0 : in y s 0. Fill with 1 : in y s 1. Shift 1 left :dch s 1 sang tri. Shift 1 right : dch s 1 sang phi. Shift 0 left : dch s 0 sang tri. Shift 0 right : dch s 0 sang phi. Count up : m ln. Count down : m xung. Intial value : gi tr ban u. Ngoi ra ta c th thay i gi tr trc tip trn phn bn tri

ca s ny trong phn Value.

Step time : thi gian cho mi bc nhy. Start address : a ch bt u cho pht tn hiu. Stop address : a ch kt thc cho pht tn hiu. Repeat pattem : lp li chu k khi pht. Bin : cho php ta vit ct value l s dng nh phn. Hex : cho php ta vit ct value l s dng thp lc phn. Sau khi thit lp xong cc thng s ta nhn OK.

Data generator 8-bit : l ngun pht cho ch m phng s m u ra c th thay i l mc cao hay mc thp cho 8 ng ra ca thit b. Cc thng s c hiu chnh tng t Data generator 4-bit.



3.2. Gii thiu cc loi my o: 3.2.1. My to hm (FUNCTION GENERATOR):

Hnh 3.22 My to hm

My to hm (function generator): l mt my a mc ch, n c th

c s dng lm: - Mt ngun tham chiu: to ra mt sng hnh sin t mt bin , tn

s, pha ,v in p mt chiu (DC offset ) c bit. - Mt my to hm: to ra nhiu dng sng ti mt bin , tn s, pha,

v in p mt chiu (DC offset ) c bit. - Mt my qut (sweep generator): to ra s qut tn s lga v tuyn

tnh.

: Nt tng, gim

:Nt chn la hng gi tr

: Nt ny cho php chng ta xc lp nhng gi tr, dng sng chn la cho ngun (source).

: Chn dng sng (since ,cosine, xung)

: Bt hoc tt ch sweep.



: Nhng phm ny cho phep xem, hay thay i tn s bt u, tn s kt thc, thi gian qut

: Thit lp mode qut l n hay lin tc.

: Chn la mode qut l tuyn tnh hay logarithmic. Parameters: Cc phm ny cho phep chng ta xem, thay i cc thng s ca ngun.

: Tn s, bin , DC, pha ca ngun.

: Nt start v stop.

: Nt chn la knh ra (output channel).



3.2.2. My o vn nng (Multimeter): Chc nng: cho php o in p v dng in DC, AC, in tr, hoc

tn s trn mch in gia u vo v ra (input v output).

Hnh 3.23 My o vn nng

Chc nng:

: o in p mt chiu DC

: o in p xoay chiu AC

: o dng in mt chiu DC

: o dng in xoay chiu AC

: o in tr

: o tn s Input: c s dng kt ni vi DMM o dng, p, in tr, tn s.

u vo HI th dng hn u cuI LO, v LO th cch ly so vi t.



3.2.3. My XY Recorder: Chc nng: dng hin th dng mt hay nhiu dng sng.

Hnh 3.24 My XY Recorder

Cc thit lp cho trc honh (X):

: chn la knh ngun cho trc X l input. Nu ta t mt voltmeter trong mch th ta c th o c in p nhnh ca n.

:thay I t l trc X theo th t 1-2-5.

:dch chuyn tn hiu theo trc X .

Cc thit lp cho trc tung (Y):



: chn knh ngun cho trc Y l output. Nu ta t mt voltmeter trong mch th ta c th o c in p nhnh ca n.

: tt hoc m knh.

: thay I t l trc Y theo th t 1-2-5.

: dch chuyn tn hiu theo trc Y.

Cc phm iu khin:

: bt u hin th

: ngng hin th

: xa mng hnh hin th

: t ng thit lp t l trc XY hin th tt nht tn hiu vo



3.2.4. My hin sng Oscilloscope: Chc nng: dng hin th dng sng trn mn hnh.

Hnh 3.25 My hin sng Oscilloscope

Cc thit lp cho trc X:

HORIZONTAL : tng, gim thI gian theo cc h s 1-2-5. POSITION: dch tri, phI tn hiu theo trc X. Mode : chn la mode hin th cho tn hiu ra. X source :chn la knh ngun X theo mode X-Y.



Cc thit lp cho trc Y:

:chn la knh u vo (input channel), bt hoc tt.

: thay i t l chiu dc theo h s 1-2-5, di chuyn tn hiu theo chiu dc Trigger : cho php ta chn la mode trigger hoc ngun, thay i mc trigger, v chn la cnh ln, xung ca tn hiu i vi trigger.

Cc phm chc nng:

: bt u hin th dng tn hiu.

: ngng hin th.

: thu thp d liu v dng sng thi im gn nht.

:xo mng hnh hin th.

: chc nng t ng chn t l hin th, gip cho tn hiu u vo oscilloscope c tt nht.

: cc con tr o gi tr ca sng ra.



: chuyn dng sng sang ch th. 3.2.5. My phn tch tn hiu (signal analyzer):

Chc nng: phn tch tn hiu min tn s

Hnh 3.26 My phn tch tn hiu

Thit lp knh u vo (input channel):

: cc nt ny cho php chng ta chn la knh u vo, kt hp cc tn hiu khc vi dng sng ra, v bt, tt knh. hin th dng sng u ra (output) th ta t mt Test point ti mt im tng ng trn mch.

: tng, gim bin u v (input amplitude) theo h s 1-2-5. n v bin c th chuyn i qua li gia dB v Volts bng nt

: dng c o t ng chn la dy gi tr hp l nht o tn hiu u vo.



: dng c o s lm vic dy gi tr o thng thng.

: cc nt ny dng thit lp tn s bt u, tn s kt thc.

: phn gii (X/log -nu nt c chn

X/linear -nu nt c chn).

: chn la kiu phn tch(Lin magnitude,Log magnitude, dB magnitude, phase, Bode, biu Nyquist v Group Delay).

: cho php xc nh t l chiu dc theo dB.

: cho php ta chn la cc mode o nh: Swept-sine, Amplitude spectrum, Amplitude spectral density, Power spectrum and Power spectral density. Trong ch Swept-sine, my to hm(function generator) c th to ra cc dng qut loga hoc tuyn tnh vi vic chn la tn s bt u, tn s kt thc v phn gii (resolution).



: cho php ta chn mode trigger hc ngun, thay i mc trigger v chn cnh ln hoc xung bt u cho my phn tch tn hiu.

: cho php thay i mc tham chiu, mc tham chiu l cng xut bin hoc in p bin (amplitude power or voltage) bi ng thng 0 dB.

: chn la hm cho window nh: uniform, Flat top



3.2.6. My phn tch ph (spectrum Analyzer) Chc nng: phn tch ph ca tn hiu

Hnh 3.27 My phn tch ph

Cc nt chc nng ging nh my phn tch tn hiu(signal analyzer) ngoi tr cc nt.

c n v o l volt (cn my phn tch tn hiu l dB).



3.2.7. My phn tch mng (Network analyzer): Chc nng: dng o hiu sut in ca cc thit b,cc mch c

s dng trong cc h thng phc tp. Da trn s phn x sng tr v ca cc cc thit b o t trong my phn tch khi c mt tn hiu chun gi n chng m ta c th bit c chng l cc phn t th ng hay tch cc, v c cc thng s S (S-parameter).

Hnh 3.28 My phn tch mng

: hin th u ra ca mt mch, ta cn phi cc port1,2 n cc im tng ng.

: dng tng hoc gim bin theo Volt hoc dB.



: dng khito tn s bt u, tn s kt thc v phn gii.

: cho php chn la kiu phn tch hin th nh: Lin magnitude, log magnitude, dBmagnitude, phase, Bode, polar, smith and group delay.

: cho php chn ch o nh: h s truyn t, h s phn x, tr khng, cc thng s S, Z,Y,H.



3.2.8. My Phn Tch Logic (Logic analyzer): Chc nng: dng cho cc mch tn hiu s .

Hnh 3.29 My Phn Tch Logic

Cc thng s o:

: cho php chn la mode gii hn (threshold) thch hp vi cc h Logic khc nhau bao gm TTL v CMOS.

: cho php chn ngun xung clock trong hoc bn ngoi.

: cho php xc nh chu k clock.

: cho php xc nh nhanh chng v tr bt u trong b nh.

: cho php chon la mode trigger hoc ngun.



: cho php chn la ch hin th, cho php iu chnh

t l trc tung v dch chuyn h trc to thng qua cc nt

: cho php ta kt hp cc knh thnh mt nhm v c phn bit vi nhau bi cc nhn.



3.2.9. My To Tn Hiu S (Digital signal generator): Chc nng: to ra cc mu kim tra s cho vic m phng cc mch s.

Hnh 3.30 My To Tn Hiu S

: cho php ta chn, lp li, v xo mt mu cc bt gia v tr ca con tr A v B.

: chn la nhm knh son tho.

: cho php thit lp chu k ng h (clock) v chiu di.

: cho php chuyn I gia thI gian tuyt i v t l chu k ng h.

: cho php ta chn la mode u ra ca d liu (data output mode) cc bc ring r, ng lot, hay lin tc.

: ngun clock, trigger c th l my phn tch Logic bn trong hoc bn ngoi.



Chng 4 : M PHNG TNG T 4.1. Mch khuch i dng Transistor:

Hnh 4.1 Mch khuch i dng Transistor

DNG SNG :

Hnh 4.2 Dng sng



BIU THC HM TRUYN T :

Hnh 4.3 Biu thc hm truyn t

TH BODE CA MCH:

Hnh 4.4 th Bode ca mch



PHN TCH FOURRIER CA MCH:

Hnh 4.5 Bng phn tch Fourier ca mch

CHUI FOURRIER :

Hnh 4.6 Chui Fourier



4.2. Mch chnh lu ton sng dng diode: S mch:

Hnh 4.7 S mch chnh lu ton sng dng diode

Dng sng :

Hnh 4.8 Dng sng ca mch chnh lu ton sng dng diode



Chng 5 : M PHNG S 5.1. Cch ni bus:

Sau khi ly linh kin ra xong. Ta dng chc nng ni dy lin kt cc linh kin vi nhau. C th bng nhiu cch khc nhau:

Ni dy thng thng : ta vo Insert/Wire hoc l nhn [Space]. Ni bng bus : ta vo Insert /Bus v bus. Xong ri ta chuyn v

ch v y thng thng ni cc ng y vo bus. Sau ta kch i vo ng y ni thit lp s a ch ca cc ng dy vo ID :

Hnh 5.1 Thit lp tn cho bus

Ngoi ra ta c th t tn cho bus bng cng c trong th meter, nhn

vo biu tng Ch : Khi t tn bus phi c dng : A[0-9]. Cn dy ni vo bus phi

c dng : A0, A1, A2 A9. 5.2. Cc my dng cho vic o s :

Cc hnh ny c trong th Meters:

Logic indicator : u d Logic. N th hin trc tip trn mch. Khi l mc Logic 1 th n s v ngc li

Logic indicator 2 : cung cp cho ta u d th 2.

voltage pin : chn in p gip chng ta co th ly c mc Logic ta v tr ta mong mun.

volt meter : ging nh 1 vol k o in p.



5.3. Cc linh kin v s cha trong cc th : Gate , Flip-Flops, Logic Ics-mcus, AD/DA-555.

Hnh 5.2 Cc linh kin dng cho m phng s

5.4. Cch m phng s :

Sau khi thit lp cc thng s ca mch xong. Ta t cc u kim tra mc Logic (nh ni mc 5.2) sau ta v v tri nh trn hnh v nh du vo Digital.

Hnh 5.3 Cc ch m phng

Sau ta nhn vo m phng s 5.5. Hin th dng sng: ( ti cc v tr chn )

5.5.1. Analysis / Digital step-by-step : phn tch tng bc:

Hnh 5.4 Bng phn tch m phng t bc

Nhn play bt u m phng. Du cng tr l tng nhanh hoc gim xung tc ca vic m phng.



5.5.2. Analysis / Digital Timing Analysis : hin th th dng sng ca cc u m ta mun kho st.

Hnh 5.5 Bng phn tch thit lp thi gian m phng

Ta cn phi chn khong thi gian m phng ti End time. Nu

thi gian qu ngn th ta s khng thy c dng sng, cn nu nh thi gian qu ln th dng sng s chn cht khng thy r c. Tt nht l ta chn cho ph hp vi tn s hoc thi gian ca bc nhy. Sau ta nhn OK s hin th ra ca s cho ra dng sng dng sng. Ti ca s ny tn ca mi im kho st s xut hin. Cn c vo ta c th xc nh c cc mc Logic. Ngoi ra ta co th hiu chnh mu, rng ca cc dng th ny bng cch nhn i vo th ny v thay i cc thng s cho ph hp.

Hnh 5.6 Bng hin th dng sng



5.6. Thit k mch s: Cho php ta thit k mch s da trn nhng phung trnh hoc bng

trng thi. Ta vo : Tools/ Logic design 5.6.1. Thit k mch s da vo phng trnh:

Hnh 5.7 Bng thit k s da vo phng trnh

Number of variables: cho pht ta xc nh c s n ca phng trnh. Sau khi ghi phng trnh vo xong ta nhn Schematic Diagram. Ta

chnh ch Minterm trong Draw c dng mch n gin nht.v ta c th lu li bng cch Save to file dng li khi cn. a ra mn hnh ta nhn Save to Tina. Hoc c th lu dng Save to Macro to ra mt linh kin mi.

Hnh 5.8 S mch s thit k



5.6.2. Thit k mch s da vo bng trng thi : Tools/Logic design/Truth table:

Hnh 5.9 Bng trng thi

Ta thay i cc trng thi ng ra ti Fout da vo cc u vo. Sau khi

thit lp cc thng s xong ta nhn Schematic Diagram. Sau ta c th lu li ging nh phn trn.



5.7. M phng CHIP: Mt kh nng ca phn mm ny l kh nng m phng chip c th

lp trnh c bng cc ngn ng asembly, ngn ng my. Cc loi chip ny nm trong th Logic Ics-mcus.

mcu

Hnh 5.10 Bng danh sch cc CHIP

Ta co th chn linh kin ny ra a ra ngoi bng cch i vo tn linh

kin. ny chng trnh vo trong con chip ta nhn i vo con chip ny mt ca s s hin ra nh sau:

Hnh 5.10 Bng thit lp thuc tnh cho CHIP

Sau ta vo mcu-(asm file name) nh tn ca file asm.hoc

nhn vo



Hnh 5.11 Bng thit lp ASM cho CHIP

Selection : cho php ta chon dng ca tn hiu c ui l asm,hex,lst. Edit asm... : hiu chnh file asm c vit trc . Select asm... : chn file asm. New asm : to ra mt file asm mi np cho chip. Select hex : chn file c ui hex. Select lst : chn filr c ui lst. Sau khi chn xong ta nhn OK.

Ch : sau khi thit lp cc thng s xong, m phng ta phi chn

m phng ch VHDL:



5.8. V d: Thit k mch s chy n t phi sang tri theo chiu ngang. S mch : ta vo Source / Data generator 8-bit : chn ngun pht.

Vo th meter chn Logic indicator 2. Sau khi ly linh kin ra ta ni dy nh hnh v. Mun hin th dng sng ti cc ng ra ta vo Meter = Voltage pin ly ra v t ta cc chn ng ra.

Hnh 5.11 Thit k mch s dng ngun 8 bit.

Thit lp thng s cho ngun s: ta kch i vo ngun s chn s

hin ra ca s sau :

Hnh 5.12 Bng thit lp thuc tnh cho ngun 8 bit.

Kch vo pattern nhn vo biu tng s hin ra mt ca s khc

nh sau:



Hnh 5.13 Bng thit lp gi tr cho ngun 8 bit.

Ta vo trong th Fill s xut hin thm 1 ca s :

Hnh 5.14 Bng in nhanh cc gi tr 0 hay 1.



Ta chn Shift 1 left ,sau nhn OK. Ta chn theo nh hnh v, sau nhn DIG ta s thy c kt qu m

phng.

Mun hin th dng sng ti cc ng ra ta vo Analysis / Digital-timming-Analysis... s hin ra ca s sau :

Ta hiu chnh End l 10u. V trong b ngun ta thit lp c thi gian

mi bc nhy l 1u. Sau nhn OK s c ca s sau cho ta dng sng cc u ra tng ng :

Hnh 5.15 Kt qu dng sng u ra tng ng.



5.9. Cch s dng my LOGIC ANALYZER : Ta vo trong T&M / Logic analyzer:

Hnh 5.16 My Logic Analyzer.

Ta ch cn hiu chnh mt s thng s. Cn cc thng s cn li ta mc

nh l tt nht. Trigger : Source chn Internal.

Mode chn Conditional. Measurement :

o Period : cho php ta xc nh chu k xung kch (chn theo thi gian nhy gia cc s kin).

o Length : xc nh chiu di ca trc thi gian trn th (l bi s ca period).

Sau khi thit lp cc thng s xong ta nhn RUN. Mun hin th ra trn 1 ca s khc ta chn:



Chng 6: THIT K MCH IN 6.1. Khi to mch in:

Khi bn hon thnh s mch ca bn, bn c th thit k mt bn mch in ch to thit k ca bn. iu ny tht d dng vi TINA 7 v cc phin bn sau ny, khi thit k PCB c tch hp vo phn mm.

Chng ta s hc cch thit k PCB thng qua mt s v d. Cc tn file trong cc v d c lu ti th mc Examples/PCB ca

TINA c qui c nh sau: origin.tsc: file mch nguyn l nguyn thy. *.tsc: file mch nguyn l sau khi thay i chn / cng, nh li

s th t. placed.tpc: file pcb vi cc thng s, cc linh kin c thit lp. routed.tpc: file pcb c ni dy vi c tnh ca li. finished.tpc: file pcb hon thnh.

6.2. Thit lp v kim tra cc tn footprint: theo di v d u tin, m file opamp2.tsc trong th mc

Examples/PCB ca TINA. S mch sau y s xut hin:

Hnh 6.1 S nguyn l c thit k bng phn mm TINA.



iu ti quan trng trong thit k PCB l s m t kch c vt l ca

cc linh kin trong mch chnh xc. Khi iu ny c hon thnh th c gi l s v chn, cho thy hnh dng bn ngoi v cc chn ca tng b phn.

Trong TINA, chng ta gn nhng tn footprint mc nh cho tt c cc phn c m t trong linh kin thc.

Ch : Mt s linh kin c s dng trong l thuyt (v d nh b ngun iu chnh) khng m t c cc b phn vt l cho nn bn khng th t n vo trong PCB. Nu thit k ca bn c nhng linh kin nh vy, hy thay th n bng nhng linh kin vt l khc.

D nhin, khng c g m bo rng nhng m t vt l ca cc linh kin mc nh l ging vi nhng g bn cn cho thit k ca bn. C 2 cch kim sot diu ny:

1) Bn c th s dng b son tho footprint ca TINA m bn c th gi ln t menu Tool. Trong hp thoi di y bn s thy tt c cc linh kin ca TINA v tn footprint tng ng.

Hnh 6.2 Thit k tn cc chn linh kin.

Nhp chut tri vo phn tn footprint, bn c th chn nhng

tn footprint c sn . Trong hp thoi ny, nhng linh kin khng c mt s lin kt no vi footprint s c biu hin bng nhng k t ??? mu trong phn tn footprint.



Hnh 6.3 Thay i chn linh kin.

2) Mt s la chn khc l bn c th nhp kp chut tri vo mt b phn v chnh sa tn footprint ca n trong hp thoi thuc tnh ca linh kin.

Hnh 6.4 Xc nhn thuc tnh chn linh kin.

Bn c th nhp chut tri vo nt dy tn footprint v nhn

thy hp thoi thng tin PCB, ni m bn c th chn la t nhng tn c sn. Bn cng c th nhn thy hnh dng 3D ca cc b phn thng qua phn hin th 3D ca hp thoi.



Hnh 6.5 Bng thng tin cc chn linh kin.

Nu bn c th tm thy tn footprint bn cn, nhp chut tri vo n

v bm OK, bn s tr v hp thoi thuc tnh linh kin vi tn footprint m bn chn trong dy tn footprint. xc nhn thay i, bm OK trong hp thoi thuc tnh linh kin.

Nu bn khng tm thy tn footprint m bn cn, bn c th thm vo mt footprint mi bng cch s dng nt Add trong hp thoi thng tin PCB. Bn c th bm vo nt Help bit thm thng tin.

Khi mi th OK, bn c th kim tra ln cui bng cch bm vo

nt xem 2D/3D . Hnh dng 3D ca cc linh kin ny m s m t vt l c thm vo s hin ra.



Hnh 6.6 Chuyn s nguyn l sang dng 3D.

6.3. Chuyn s nguyn l sang mch in:

Khi cc linh kin tha mn s lin kt vt l, chng ta c th tin

n thit k PCB layout. lm iu ny, bm vo nt trn thanh cng c ca TINA hoc chn lnh PCB Design trn menu Tool. Thit lp cc thng s trong hp thoi nh hnh di:

Hnh 6.7 Bng thit lp thng tin mch in.



Chn Start new project, Autoplacement v Use board template. Bm nt Browse, tm v chn file biu mu 2layer_A.tpt trong mc Template ca TINA. Nhng thit lp ny s ph hp vi PCB hai mt.

Nu bn s dng biu mu, bn nn ch mc phc tp ca bn mch. C ba mc k thut ca bn mch c nh ngha bi loi IPC-2221 tiu chun.

Mc A: Thit k thng thng Mc B: Thit k c phc tp va phi Mc C: Thit k c d phc tp cao Cc file biu mu ch r s lp v thuc tnh ca chng: nhn c li

ca h thng, thit lp t ng ni dy, rng ca khong trng v rng ca ng dy. Thit k PCB bao gm cc biu mu sau:

Bn c th chn biu mu PCB da vo mc k thut, mt v

cao thp ca gi. Cui cng, bn c th iu chnh nhn c ca bn mch PCB theo inch

hay mm ty thuc vo s thit lp n v o trong hp thoi View / Options ca TINA.

Khi mi th c thit lp thch hp, bm nt OK v bn phc tho PCB layout s xut hin vi tt c cc linh kin c t ng sp t trong bn mch PCB:



Hnh 6.8 S nguyn l c chuyn trc tip sang mch in.

By gi, nhp chut tri v r cc b phn n nhng v tr mi nh hnh v di y (tm file opamp2placed.tpc kim tra thnh qu ca bn).

Hnh 6.9 Sp xp li cc linh kin trn mch in.



Bm F4 gi b son tho li v iu chnh rng ca li. u tin, bm vo Modify all v nhp vo 12.5 trong mc Track width. Sau , chn cc li ngun ( Ground, VCC, -VCC) v chnh rng ca chng l 25mm

Hnh 6.10 Chnh sa thng s cc linh kin trn mch in.

Bm F5 hoc chn lnh Autoroute board trong menu Tools t

ng ni dy. Mn hnh di y s xut hin:



Hnh 6.11 T ng ni dy trn mch in.

kim tra vic t ng ni dy c chnh xc khng, bm F7 hoc

chn DRC ( Design Rule Check) t menu Tools. Thng bo sau y s xut hin:

Hnh 6.12 Kim tra li thnh cng.

hon thnh mu thit k n gin u tin ca chng ta, chng ta

hy thm ch thch vo lp silkscreen / assembly. lm iu ny, bm nt T trn thanh cng c, thng bo sau y s xut hin:



Hnh 6.13 Thm ch thch.

Nhp ch thch vo phn trng pha trn v bm nt OK. Ch thch s

c nh km con tr. Di chuyn n n ni c ch trong hnh di y v n chut tri.

Hnh 6.14 S mch in hon chnh.



Cui cng, bn c th kim tra thit k ca bn trong mi trng 3D hon ton. thc hin iu ny, bm F3 hoc chn 3D View trong menu View, ca s sau y s xut hin:

Hnh 6.15 Mch in hon chnh c th hin di dng 3D.

Bn c th xoay m hnh 3D v phng to, hoc thu nh vi cc mi tn

iu khin pha di. Bn c th hin th hoc n chng bng hp kim Use control arrows trong menu Options.

Bn cng c th xoay m hinh 3D bng cch nhp chut tri vo bt c im no, gi phm tri chut v di chuyn con chut. bn cng c th di chuyn gc nhn ti hoc lui thy ton b thit k hay ch mt phn ca n. di chuyn gc nhn, gi phm phi chut v di chuyn con chut.

Sau , bn c th in thit k ca bn hoc to mt file Gerber. in, s dng chc nng Print trong menu File. c c file Gerber, chn Export Gerber file t menu File.



Chng 7: KHI TO NHNG K HIU NGUYN L V CC FOOTPRINT RING CA BN

7.1. B son tho k hiu nguyn l:

Bng cch s dng b son tho k hiu nguyn l ca TINA, bn c th to ra cc k hiu nguyn l m bn c th thm vo cc linh kin mch in ca bn trong TINA.

khi to mt k hiu mi, bn phi biu din cc on thng, hnh ch nht, hnh cung, v text vi bt c phng ch no, m t rng ca dy, mu sc, mu sc ca vng ph. Sau khi v cc k hiu, bn c th thm v xc lp cc lin kt vi n.

lm quen vi cc c im ca b son tho ny, c trong danh sch cc k hiu c sn. Trong th mc TINA Pro, khi ng Schematic Symbol Editor bng cch nhp chut tri vo biu tng ca n, sau chn File | Open v nhp chut tri kp vo file devices.ddb. Pha bn phi ca ca s son tho, danh sch ca cc k hiu nguyn l hn c s xut hin.

Hnh 7.1 B son tho k hiu nguyn l.



K hiu u tin trong danh sch ( Ampe k) s xut hin trong ca s son tho. Dng chc nng Dir cui mn hnh, n s cung cp cc hnh nh khc nhau ca cc k hiu mi gc bng cch thit k chng ring l. By gi nhp chut tri vo k hiu NAND pha bn phi mn hnh v

bm nt . K hiu cng NAND s xut hin trn ca s son tho. Vi chc nng Standard: xem tiu chun M v Chu u ca hnh nh linh kin. Bn c th thit k cc phin bn k hiu vi mi loi tiu chun nu cn thit. Nu cc k hiu l ging nhau vi c hai tiu chun, bn ch cn thit k mt phin bn.

By gi, chng ta hy to ra mt k hiu cho mch cng.

u tin, xa sch ca s son tho vi nt hoc chn cc k hiu ang c trn ca s son tho v bm phm Del. By gi, v mt hnh ch nht lm

thn ca linh kin. u tin, bm nt , sau nhp chut tri vo bt k v tr no trn vng v, gi phm tri v di chuyn chut n khi hnh ch nht c nhn thc ph hp.

T mu cho hnh ch nht bng cch bm phm phi chut

vo bng mu gc tri, pha di mn hnh. Ch rng, vic bm chut tri s lm thay i mu ca cnh hnh ch nht.

By gi, chng ta thm vo cc in cc. Chn loi in cc mong

mun t thanh cng c Terminal gc tri pha trn ca s v di chuyn con tr vo trong hnh ch nht bn va v. nh v n bng cch s dng chut, bm phm + hoc xoay v bm chut tri c nh n. Hy chc chn rng du x mu , cho bit im cui ca chn phi nm ngoi thn. Tip tc cho n khi tt c cc in cc ng v tr.



Sau khi bn nh v ht cc in cc, bn c th kim tra thuc tnh ca chng bng cch bm kp chut tri vo chng.

Bn c th gn tn cho cc in cc nh hnh v.

Tip theo, thm vao mt k hiu tng ln. Bm

chut tri vo nt trn thanh cng c, g S vo ca s v chn phng ch. ly k hiu tng Hy Lp, chn phng Symbol.

Bm nt , t tn k hiu l Full Adder v bm OK. Cui cng, sao chp k hiu mi vo th vin k

hiu vi nt v s dng lnh File | Save lu file devices.ddb c m rng vo th mc chnh ca TINA.



7.2. Thut s IC trong b son tho k hiu nguyn l: Khi bn cn to m hnh IC vi nhiu chn, thut s IC c th h tr

bn. Thut s IC c th c nhn hot t menu Draw bng cch s dng lnh IC Wizard. Hp thoi sau y s xut hin:

Hnh 7.2 Hp thoi IC Winzard.

Hp thoi cung cp hai ty chn. Generic, nu bn chn ty chn ny, thut s s to ra mt IC hnh ch

nht vi loi chn DIP. Tng s chn phi c xc nh. V d, nu bn g 14 vo trng, bn s c c mt m hnh IC nh sau:

Hnh 7.3 M hnh IC.



Vendor specified pin list, trong trng hp ny thut s s to ra mt m hnh da vo mt file ni m mi cu lnh nh ngha mt u chn l S th t ca chn, tn, loi in cc c ngn cch bng cc du phy.

V d: 1,RA2,INPUT 2,RA3,INPUT 3,RA4/T0CKI,INPUT 4,MCLR,INPUT 5,VSS,POWER Cc loi in cc c th l INPUT, OUTPUT, INOUT, BUFFER v

POWER. V d, nu bn c trong file PIC16F84A.CSV t th mc EXAMPLES\PCB ca TINA, thut s s to ra mt IC nh sau:

Hnh 7.4 Mt IC c ICWinzard to ra .

Khi hon thnh vi thut s, m hnh c th c bin tp nhiu

hn vi cc cng c c gii thiu.



7.3. B son tho footprint: S dng b son tho footprint, bn c th ta ra cc k hiu footprint

mi m bn c th thm vo th vin footprint. Bn c th nhn hot b son tho footprint t menu Tools ca TINA PCB Designer bng cch bm chut tri vo lnh Footprint Editor.

Nu bn mun to mt footprint mi, bn c th xy dng n bng cch sp t cc thnh phn n gin khc nhau, bao gm on thng, hnh ch nht, hnh cung, on text v ming m. chng ta s to ra mt footprint in tr n gin c trong th vin.

u tin, xa sch ca s son tho bng cch chn lnh New Footprint t menu footprint. Sau thit lp v tr ca gc ta bng cch bm kp chut tri vo k hiu ch thp c hai mi tn nh. Nhp 1300 vo mc X, 1100 vo mc Y. nh du kim vo Use Relative Coordinate, v bm OK.

Hnh 7.5 B son tho Footprint.

By gi, chn k hiu hnh ch nht trn thanh cng c v v mt hnh

ch nht quanh gc ta . lm iu ny, bm v gi chut tri ti mt gc v r con tr n gc bn kia. Th nt tri chut. nu bn to mt



footprint, bn phi rt cn thn vi nhn thc ca n. Bn phi xc nh chnh xc nhn thc da vo data sheet ca nh sn xut, c bit vi nhng ming m, nu khng, n s khng trng kht vi bo mch. thit lp m hnh mt cch chnh xc, bn nn s dng h ta hn l v bng chut.

thit lp nhn c hnh ch nht va mi to bng h ta . Di chuyn chut n cnh ca n v khi con tr chuyn thnh hnh bn tay, nhp kp chut tri. Hp thoi thuc tnh hnh ch nht s xut hin.

Hnh 7.6 Hp thoi thuc tnh hnh ch nht.

By gi, nhp 0, 0 vo hai mc Center X v Center Y; 840, 300 vo mc

Width v Height; v 5 vo mc Line Width. Trong hp thoi thuc tnh hnh ch nht, bn cng c th thay i

thit lp lp. Mc nh, m hnh hnh ch nht s c cc lp Silkscreen Top v Assembly Drawing Top.

Bm vo mi tn ch xung gi cu hnh cc lp. Cc lp c th c bt, tt bng cch nhp kp chut tri vo vung mu bn cnh tn lp. Trong v d ca chng ta, cu hnh cc lp mc nh l tt, v vy, khng thay i chng. ng hp thoi thuc tnh bng cch bm OK.



Hnh 7.6 Hnh ch nht c to ra.

By gi thm hai on thng vo footprint ca chng ta. Chn k hiu

on thng v v hai on thng nm ngang gn vi hnh ch nht c hai pha. Bm kp chut tri vo cc on thng v nhp vo cc thng s sau:

on 1: Point1 X: -460; Point1 Y: 0; Point2 X: -420; Point2 Y: 0 v Line width: 5

on 2: Point1 X: 420; Point1 Y: 0; Point2 X: 460; Point2 Y: 0 v Line width: 5

Cui cng, thm hai ming m vo k hiu fooprint. Chn k hiu ming m trn thanh cng c. Di chuyn ming m n gn on thng 1. By gi nhn hot hp thoi thuc tnh ca ming m bng cch di chuyn chut n n v khi con tr chuyn thnh hnh bn tay, nhp kp chut tri. Nhp vo -500, 0 trong mc Center X, Center Y. Thng s l khoan la 37. By gi bm vo mi tn ch xung. Mc nh, ming m c cc lp Top, Bottom, Power, Ground, Solder Mask Top, Solder Mask Bottom, Drill Drawing v Drill Tape. Chng ta c th thay i cu hnh cc lp ging vi cu hnh cc lp ca hnh ch nht. Mc d cu hnh mc nh l tt, nhng chng ta phi thay i nhn c ca ming m. Bm kp chut tri vo mc nhn thc v nhp 58 vo mc ng knh ca cc lp Top, Bottom, Solder Mask Top, Solder Mask Bottom, nhp 78 vo cc lp



Power v Ground v 37 vo cc lp Drill Drawing, Drill Tape. Nhp s th t chn vo mc tn.

By gi, to mt ming m th hai v di chuyn n on thng th

hai. Thc hin nh i vi ming m th nht, ch phi thay i mt thng s Center X l 500.



K hiu footprint sn sng c lu vo th vin. M file

package.fpl, chn nhm in tr ( hoc to mt nhm mi) v bm nt thm vo footprint.



7.4. Thut s IC trong b son tho fooprint: Nu bn mun to footprint ca mt IC phc tp hn, chng hn nh

mt IC c cu hnh cc chn phc tp, thut s IC c th h tr cho bn. Thut s IC c th c gi t menu Insert.

Thut s hin ra mt s thuc tnh ca IC m bn c th thit lp. Trong phn Technology group, bn c th thit lp cch gn v loi

ng gi ca IC. Trong cch gn c th l khoan l hoc gn ln b mt ( dn). Ph thuc vo cch gn m c cc cch ng gi sau: DIP, PGA, SPGA, SOP, LCC, QFP, BGA, SBGA, SIP, v ZIP.

Trong phn Package Dimension, nhn thc ( chiu di, chiu rng, chiu cao) ca gi c th c thit lp. Ty thuc vo gi chn, thng s th t c th l vt kha, gc ct hoc khng c.

Phn Pad Dimension xc nh hnh dng v nhn thc ( chiu di v chiu rng) ca ming m. Nu cch gn l khoan l, hnh dng ca ming m c khoan c th l hnh trn, hnh ch nht hoc hnh tm cnh. Ngoi ra, hnh dng v nhn thc ca ng knh l khoan c th c xc lp. Nu cch gn l dn, hnh dng ca ming m c th l hnh trn, hnh ch nht hoc gc trn v nhn thc cng c th c xc lp.

Trong phn Pad Position, s chn v khong cch gia chng c th c xc lp ty thuc vo loi ng gi.

Cui cng, trong phn Pad Numbering, loi v hng nh s cc ming m c th c nhp vo ty thuc loi ng gi.

V d: Technology: Through hole Package type: DIP Pagkage Dimension/Length: 400 Pagkage Dimension/Width: 270 Pad dimension/Shape: Round Pad dimension/Drill hole: 20 Pad dimension/Diameter: 40 Pad position/Number of horz. pins: 14 Pad position/Between pins: 50 Pad position/Between rows: 160



Sau khi kt thc vi thut s, footprint c th c son tho thm hoc

lu vo th vin.



Chng 8: S DNG B TRCH XUT THNG S S dng b trch xut thng s ca TINA bn c th to nhng m hnh

linh kin miu t gn ging vi linh kin thc bng cch a cc php o hay d liu vo cc thng s ca m hnh.

Hnh 8.1 B trch xut thng s.

S dng menu Start ca Windows xc nh v tr th mc TINA

PRO. Khi ng b trch xut thng s bng cch bm chut tri vo biu tng ca n. to mt transistor c th thm vo trong danh mc transistor ca TINA, chn File | New Library | NPN Transistor.



Hp thoi trn cho php bn nhp d liu t cc php o, t danh mc

d liu ca nh sn xut, hoc t cc gi tr mc nh ca TINA ( s dng Template-ComboBox).

Bm chut tri vo cc th pha di mn hnh v in tt c cc thng

s ca transistor. S dng cc gi tr mc nh hoc nhp vo gi tr ca ring bn. Ch rng phi nhp tt c cc d liu, vic thiu d liu c th dn n kt qu khng chnh xc.



Tip n, chn Canculate | Current Component. kim tra m hnh

transistor ca TINA lm vic c ph hp vi cc d liu c a vo hay khng, bn c th n tng th v xem th v cc gi tr cho mi thng s.

Cui cng, chng ta hy thm transistor mi ny vo danh mc transistor ca TINA bng cch s dng File | Catalog Manager. c th s dng danh mc mi, bn phi bin tp li file ngun v lin kt chng vi nhau trong file danh mc CLCC.CAT.

Xc nh v m mt file linh kin ph hp vi linh kin ca bn ( v d, nu thm vo mt transistor lng cc, th chn danh mc lng cc, bibol_x.crc). Bm chut tri vo nt Browse v chn t hp thoi File Open. Tt c file linh kin ca TINA c t trong th mc CCLC ca th mc TINA ( mc nh l C:\Program Files\Designsoft\TINA7).



Di chuyn linh kin ca bn vo th vin bng cch chn n, bm chut

tri vo nt v sao bm OK. Sau khi bm OK, TINA s hi bn c mun bin tp li file danh mc

ngun v to mt danh mc mi c cp nht hay khng. Nu bn tr li YES, TINA s to mt danh mc mi v bn c th s dng n sau khi khi ng li chng trnh TINA. Bn cng c th bin tp li danh mc bng cch s dng lnh Compile TINA Catalog trong menu File.

Mt cch tng t, bn c th tnh ton cc thng s li t. Bn nn nhp ng cong cao (A) v thp (B) ca hin tng tr v cc thng s hnh hc ca li. Chy th mt v d vi cc thng s mc nh ( np mc nh t Templatelistbox) thy cc gi tr tiu biu.



Chng 9: CC NG DNG M RNG CA TINA 7 9.1. Phn tch FOURIER :

9.1.1. Phn tch dng chui : Analysis/ Fourier Analysis/ Fourier Serier.

Hnh 9.1 Bng phn tch Fourier.

Sampling start time : thi ghian bt u ly mu. Base frequency : tn s c s. Number of samples : s mu. S ny cng ln th chnh xc ca

php phn tch cng cao. Number of harmonics : s k trong phn tch fourier. Format : nh dng cho php phn tch fourier. Out : xc nh v tr ca tn hiu trn mch cn phn tch fourier. Caculatate operating point : tnh ton ti nhng im hot ng. Use initial conditions : s dng iu kin ban u. Zero initial values : iu kin ban u bng khng.

Sau khi thit lp thng s ta nhn Caculate

v Ch : phn tch c th ta cn phi t cc voltage pin ti nhng v tr cn phn tch.



Hnh 9.2 Bng phn tch Fourier sau khi c tnh ton.

Mun hin th ra dng th ta nhn vo Draw

9.1.2. Phn tch Ph: Analysis / Fourier Analysis / Fourier spectrum...

Hnh 9.3 Bng phn tch Ph.

Cc thng hiu chnh tng t nh phn trn.



9.2. Thit k mch lc: Chc Nng : ta c th thit k cc loi mch lc tu nh :

Butterworth, Chebyshev, Elliptic, Inverse Chebyshev, Lowpass, Highpass, Bandpass, Bandstop, bng cc phn t R,L,C hay l Operational Amplifiers l tng hay thc t

Giao din:

Hnh 9.4 Giao din thit k mch lc thng di.



V D 1 : THIT K MCH LC THNG DI, MCH LC Butterworth, TH NG

Hnh 9.5 Thit lp cc thng s cho mch lc thng di.

: khi nt ny c nhn th bng sau hin ra

Hnh 9.6 Bng cc thng s ca mch.



Bng ny s cho ta bit cc thng s ca mch nh : dy tn s cho qua, dy tn s b chn, suy gim tn hiu khi qua mch lc (-dB) dy tn cho php, cng nh suy gim ca tn hiu dy tn b chn.

: khi nt ny c n, th bng thit k mch s hin ra:

Hnh 9.6 Mch lc thng di c t ng thit k theo ng yu cu.



9.3. Lp trnh Vi iu khin 8051: V D 2: LP TRNH VI IU KHIN 8051 S Mch :

Hnh 9.7 S Mch s dng Vi iu khin 8051.



9.4. To linh kin da vo nhng linh kin c sn: (to Macro) Ta dng chc nng Tool / New Macro Wizard... s dng c chc

nng ny ta phi xo b cc im kim tra, xc nh cc u vo, u ra bng cch dng th Special / Macro pin trc khi vo Tool / New Macro Wizard...

Hnh 9.8 Thit lp thuc tnh cho Macro.

Ti ca s ny ta thit lp cc thng s ri nhn OK. Nu nh ta mun ly linh kin ny ra ta phi vo Insert Macro.

Hnh 9.9 Thm mt Macro vo mch.

Ta ch vic xc nh file Macro ri nhn Open.

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