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16 November 2005
Barytes AG1
An Update on Crystalline Silica
The Barytes Association 11th General Assembly
Cologne, 16 November 2005
Michelle Wyart-RemyIMA-Europe Secretary-General
16 November 2005
Barytes AG2
IMA-Europe
CCA-Europe EBA EUBA EUROFEL EUROSIL EUROTALC IDPA KPC-Europe EuroGypsum01.01.06
AffiliatedMinerals
Feldspar Talc Diatomite SepioliteWollastonite
300 companies (810 mines & quarries, 830 plants)100.000 employees
145 million tpa, EUR 13 billion
A representative membership
25 European Countries18 EU Member States + Bulgaria, Croatia, Romania,
Norway, Switzerland, Turkey and Ukraine
Kaolin Plastic clay
Bentonite IndustrialSilica
BorateGCC/PCCDolomite
Natural/FGD gypsum
16 November 2005
Barytes AG3
"If man wishes to live in silica free environment he must move to another planet"
Brian CoopeA Socio-Economic Review of Crystalline Silica UsageSeptember 1997
- EuropeIMA
They form 12% of the Earth crust !
16 November 2005
Barytes AG6
years
N°
new
case
s
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86 87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
UK
France
France: Statistiques Financières et Technologiques des Accidents du Travail, CNAM (1997)UK: Health & Safety Statistics, HSE (1985/86) (1996/97)
"Silicosis is a lung disease caused by inhaling damaging amounts of respirable free crystalline silica”
H. Weill, R. N. Jones, W. R. ParkesOccupational Lung Disorders 3rd edition, 1994
16 November 2005
Barytes AG7
Quartz and cristobalite OELs (respirable dust )in the EU and USA
All Industries (mg/m3) Special Legislation for Mines & Quarries (mg/m3)
Quartz Cristobalite Respirable dustAustria1 0.15 0.15Belgium 0.1 0.05Denmark1 0.1 0.05Finland 0.2 0.1France1 0.1 0.05 Lowest value between 5 and 25 K÷Q Germany 0.15 0.15Greece1 0.1 0.05Ireland 0.05 0.05Italy 0.05 0.05Netherlands 0.075 0.075Portugal 0.1 0.05 < 6%Q: 5, 6-25%Q: 2, > 25%Q: 1Spain 0.1 0.05 < 5%Q: 5, > 5%Q: 25 K÷%QSweden 0.1 0.05UK 0.3 (0.13) 0.3 (0.13)USA (ACGIH)2 0.05 0.05 USA (OSHA) 10 Q value < 5%Q: 2, > 5%Q: 10÷%Q
%Q+2 2 (1) In these countries, other limits are applied for dust containing quartz(2) 2004 draft proposal (NIC) for 0.025 mg/m³(3) HSE likely WEL proposal
National RCS OELS
16 November 2005
Barytes AG8
In making the overall evaluation, the Working Group noted that carcinogenicity was not detected in all industrial circumstances studied. Carcinogenicity may be dependent on inherent characteristics of the crystalline silica or on external factors affecting its biological activity or distribution of its polymorphs
Crystalline silica inhaled in the form of quartz or cristobalite from occupational sources is carcinogenic to humans (group 1)
Coal dust cannot be classified as to its carcinogenicity to humans (group 3)
(1) International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon
IARC(1) evaluated RCS variable hazardIARC Monographs 68, “Silica, silicates, dusts and organic dusts” (1997)
16 November 2005
Barytes AG9
Possible EU Regulatory Scenarios
IARC+ Scientific Evidence national experts evaluation
Workers Protection
EU DG Employment & Social Affairs
or Member States
OELs
in Annex I or BLV in Annex IIICarcinogens Directive
2004/37/EC
ILV OR BLV inChemical Agents Directive
98/24/EC
Classification& Labelling
EU DG Environment-JRC-ECB
CMR Working Group
Dangerous Substances Directive 67/548/EEC - 92/32/EEC
CS is ubiquitous IARC limited its
hazard to workplace
CS is not a priority for classificationin Directive 67/548
DG ENV-JRC-ECBIspra Oct. ‘98 & Sept ‘02
SCOEL SUM Doc
16 November 2005
Barytes AG10
Carcinogens Directive Scenario Protection of workers from risks related to exposure to carcinogens at work
2004/37/EC
substance
preparation
process
Agents
Obligations (in addition to 98/24)
replacement regardless of exposure
exposure reduction (closed systems)
information of Authority
stricter workers information & training
stricter hygiene & health surveillance medical record-keeping (40 years)
Risk assessment
Only BLV – EP/Council co-decision
+ Risks of obligations as if classified carcinogen:voluntary labelling recommendation; emission limits
16 November 2005
Barytes AG11
“The main effect in human of the inhalation of respirable silica dust is silicosis. There is sufficient information to conclude that the relative risk of lung cancer is increased in persons with silicosis (and apparently, not in employees without silicosis exposed to silica dust in quarries and in the ceramic industry). Therefore preventing the onset of silicosis will also reduce the cancer risk. Since a clear threshold for silicosis development cannot be identified, any reduction of exposure will reduce the risk of silicosis. (...) It arises that an OEL should lie below 0.05 mg/m3”
Silicosis control prevents cancerSilicosis control prevents cancerSCOEL SUM Doc 94-final, June 2002
16 November 2005
Barytes AG12
Phase 1 of Social Partners consultation on Carcinogens Directive Revision
• Establishing OELVs for carcinogens not yet listed in 2004/37 i.e. “occupational carcinogens”, such as crystalline silica, diesel exhaust, wood dust, radon decay products, solar radiation, passive smoking?
4 EC Questions, amongst which
Phase 1 consultation results not available (8 responses)
Phase 2 to be launched this month but proposal not before end of 2006
16 November 2005
Barytes AG13
Social Dialogue Agreement (Article 139 (1) & (2) EC Treaty)
Social Partners may suspend EC legislative initiative
signing up SDA (9 months to negotiate)
Social Partners may conclude SDA in absence of initiative
Negotiating Platform on Silica (NePSi) launched in May 2005
This initiative benefits from a grant of the EC
16 November 2005
Barytes AG14
Negotiation of a Social Dialogue Agreement on Workers Health Protection through
the Good Handling & Use of Crystalline Silica & Products Containing it
NePSi 1: Aggregates, Cement, Ceramics, Foundry, Glass Industrial Minerals, Metal Engineering & Technology- based industries, Mineral Wool, Mines, Mortar, Natural
Stones and Pre-cast Concrete
Employee organisations1: EMCEF – EMF
Employer organisations1: UEPG - Cembureau - Cerame-Unie - CAEF - CEEMET - GEPVP, APFE, ESGA, FEVE – IMA-Europe - EURIMA - Euromines - EMO – EURO ROC - BIBM
Observers: HSE (UK), BG (DE), INS (SP)
i.e. more than 2 million Employees
and a business exceeding € 250 billionThis initiative benefits from a grant of the EC
16 November 2005
Barytes AG15
Working Rules
• Balanced representation of Employees & Employers
• Split of responsibility between the Steering (Agreement) and the Technical
(Good Practices) Working Groups under Bureau (chairs) supervision
• Secretariat (IMA-Europe & EMCEF) assures administration and
communication during the negotiation
• Negotiation progresses remain confidential (restricted to the Parties)
• Observer status granted to organizations in the process of internal and/or
EC procedure) to join NePSi and to Experts (e.g. HSE, BG)
16 November 2005
Barytes AG16
Negotiation Practices
• Steering / Technical WGs step by step review of SDA / GPG
• Suggested amendments introduced in text during the meeting
• Revised SDA / GPG versions put on NePSi Extranet allowing
internal consultation by the Parties members before next meeting
• Informal adoption/further revision of text as amended in previous
meeting in the subsequent meeting
• Final approval and SDA / GPG adoption at the March Plenary
(at least 6 weeks after last Steering / Technical meetings)
16 November 2005
Barytes AG17
Three plenary meetings :
17 May 2005, 2 September 2005, and 2d half of March 2006
7 concurrent meetings of the steering and TC working groups :
18 May 2005, 1 September 2005, 5 October 2005, 20 October 2005,
13 December 2005, 10 January 2006, 1 February 2006
Negotiation Calendar
16 November 2005
Barytes AG18
Good Practices Guide on Dust Prevention in the Workplace: Respirable Crystalline Silica
Two parts:
1) Respirable Crystalline Silica Essentials
2) Task Guidance Sheets describing good practice techniques for various common tasks
Dialogue Agreement (SDA) on Crystalline Silica
A basis for negotiating a Social
Good Practices Guide for Dust Prevention in the Workplace: Respirable Crystalline Silica
16 November 2005
Barytes AG19
Part 2 - Task Sheets
2.1.1
Cleaning This activity relates to cleaning of surfaces in the workplace of substances, which may contain a proportion of crystalline silica dust. Cleaning should be carried out in a routine basis, but may also be required in response to a spillage of a substance containing crystalline silica.
Access
Restrict access to the work area to authorised and trained personnel only.
Design and equipment
Dust control can be achieved using wet cleaning methods, which prevent fine dust from becoming airborne by trapping it in water.
Wet cleaning methods may involve mopping, wet brushing or the use of water sprays or hoses.
Where water sprays are used, ensure that water supplies are adequate and that they are maintained. Take extra precautions during cold weather to protect against freezing.
When wetting bulk spillages of fine, dry dusty material it is best to use a fine mist. The use of a jet of water will cause dust to become airborne.
Where wet cleaning methods are used, electrical installations must be designed with protection against water ingress.
The provision of appropriate drainage systems is essential when using water sprays and hoses.
Dust control may also be achieved using dry cleaning methods, which involve vacuuming of the dry dust.
Industrial vacuum cleaners may be portable units, equipped with high efficiency filters.
Alternatively a building may be equipped with an integrated vacuum cleaning system, with strategically located connections leading to a central dust collector.
Note that vacuum cleaning systems are not generally suitable for cleaning up bulk spillages of powdered material; this may cause them to become overloaded and blocked.
Vacuum cleaning systems not generally suitable for cleaning up spillages of damp materials.
This guidance sheet is aimed at
employers to help them comply with
the requirements of workplace health
and safety legislation, by controlling
exposure to respirable crystalline
silica.
This document should also be made
available to persons who may be
exposed to respirable crystalline silica
in the workplace, in order that they
may make the best use of the control
measures which are implemented.
This sheet forms part of the EUROSIL
Good Practices Document on silica
dust prevention, which is aimed
specifically at the control of personal
exposure to respirable crystalline silica
dust in the workplace.
This sheet provides advice on dust
control during cleaning operations in
the workplace. It describes the key
points you need to follow to help
reduce exposure to an acceptable
level.
Maintenance
Ensure equipment used in the task is maintained as advised by the supplier/installer in efficient working order and in good repair.
Replace consumables (filters etc) in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.
Examination and testing
Visually check the cleaning equipment at least once per week for signs of damage.
Have vacuum cleaning equipment tested against its performance standard at least once each year.
Keep records of all examinations, tests and maintenance for at least five years.
Cleaning and housekeeping
In order to prevent dust accumulating, clean your workplace on a regular basis.
Deal with spills immediately. When dealing with bulk spillages of fine, dry, dusty materials, ensure that cleaning work is undertaken following a written safe working procedure and using the information in this task sheet.
Do not clean up with a dry brush or using compressed air.
Use vacuum or wet cleaning methods.
Personal Protective Equipment
Personal exposure monitoring must be carried out to determine whether existing controls are adequate. If necessary, respiratory protective equipment (with the appropriate protection factor) should be provided and worn.
Keep personal protective equipment clean by storing it in a clean place when not in use.
Replace respiratory protective equipment at intervals recommended by its suppliers.
When cleaning dry dust, wear clothing made of a finely woven fabric to prevent dust being absorbed.
Training
Give your workers information on the health effects associated with respirable crystalline silica dust
Provide them with training on: dust exposure prevention; checking controls are working and using them; when and how to use any respiratory protective equipment provided and what to do if something goes wrong.
Supervision
Have a system to check that control measures are in place and that they are being followed.
Employee checklist for making the best use of the controls For wet cleaning
methods, make sure the water supply is working properly before starting the cleaning work.
For dry cleaning methods, make sure the vacuum cleaning system is working efficiently.
Check the condition of the filters used in vacuum cleaners weekly. Replace them if necessary.
Follow appropriate procedures when emptying vacuum cleaners of dust.
When cleaning up bulk spillages of fine, dry dusty materials, ensure that you work in accordance with your Company’s written safe working procedure.
Look for signs of damage, wear or poor operation of any equipment used. If you find any problems, tell your supervisor.
If you think there is a problem with your dust control equipment, ensure additional control measures are taken to reduce exposure to respirable crystalline silica dust while the problem persists..
Use, maintain and store any personal protective equipment provided in accordance with instructions.
Definition of
objective
Employee checklist
Title and (repeated) sub-titles
Picture or illustration
Concept of the GPD
16 November 2005
Barytes AG20
Social Dialogue Agreement on Workers Health
Protection through Good Handling & Use of
Crystalline Silica & Products containing it
ScopeCovers entire production and use of crystalline silica and
materials/products/raw materials containing crystalline silica
16 November 2005
Barytes AG21
• Compliance with Good Practices Guide
• Compliance with national and EU law (incl. national OELs)
• Continued use of crystalline silica
• Ancillary obligations, such as training;
monitoring of compliance; cooperation to increase knowledge (R&D)
• Reduction of failures (continuous improvement)
• Compliance procedure: confidential reporting to Monitoring Committee; Monitoring Cttee to provide summary report (no-names) to authorities; if repeated severe problems, Monitoring Cttee will decide on measures
• Dust monitoring
• Health surveillance (according to national law + minimum requirement recommendation)
• Procedure to adapt the Good Practices Guide (new)
Content of Draft RCS Agreement
16 November 2005
Barytes AG22
Social Dialogue Agreement (Article 139 (1) & (2) EC Treaty)
Autonomous SDA: social partners are responsible for the implementation
SDA implemented by Council decision/Directiveat the joint request of the signatories proposal from the Commission to the CouncilCouncil may not change SDA content
SDA becomes the law
16 November 2005
Barytes AG23
Challenges
• Acceptance of Good Practices instead of Regulation
(e.g. substitution principle)
• Resolution of possible divergent positions
• EC assessment of the pertinence of the SDA in revising
Carcinogens Directive: SDA may inspire or be the law or
be disregarded
• Coverage of the SDA – Sectors representation
• Autonomous implementation or extension to Directive?
16 November 2005
Barytes AG24
Thank you for your Thank you for your attentionattention
For more details please contactFor more details please contactM. Wyart-Remy, PhDM. Wyart-Remy, PhDIMA-Europe, BrusselsIMA-Europe, Brussels
Tel: +322 524 55 00Tel: +322 524 55 00Fax: +322 525 45 75Fax: +322 525 45 75e-mail: [email protected]: [email protected]
http://www.ima-eu.org