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8/9/2019 15 Apr 15_ KM.pdf
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{NyD 15? 2015{NyD 15? 2015
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8/9/2019 15 Apr 15_ KM.pdf
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*syef0efBuD;csKyf &SifZd ktmab;onftar&duef or®w bm&uftd kbm;rm;ESif h {NyD18&ufwGif 0g&Sifwefü awG Uqk HaqG;aEG;rnf
jzpfonf/ xdyfoD;aqG;aEG;yGJwGif vHkNcHKa&;qd kif&m udpö&yfrsm;ESif h ywfoufívnf;aqG;aEG;Mu&ef pDpOfxm;onf/
tar&duef ukefoG,fa&;ESifh v,f,mpdkufysdK;a&;qdkif&m aphpyfaqG;aEG;a&;rSL;rsm;onf Nrd KUawmfwd kusd KwGif aqG;aEG;yG JjyKvkyfrnfjzpfonf/
(½kufwm)(½k dufwm)
vlOD;a& xlxyfrsm;jym;aeaom tdE,́EkifiH rGrfbkif;NrdKU blwm½kwpfcku awGU&pOf/vlOD;a& xlxyfrsm;jym;aeaom tdE´ d,Ek difiH rGrfbk dif;Nrd KU blwm½k Hwpfckuk d awG U&pOf/
yg0ifwufa&mufcJ honf/ tD&ef EsLuvD;,m; tpDtpOfqkdif&m rlabmif oabmwlnDcsufwpf&yfuk d &&S dcJ hNyD; ,if;oabmwlnDcsuft& tD&efbuf rS tPkjrLokawoevkyfief;uk d xdef;csKyfuef Yowfay;rnfqk dygu taemuf
tkyfpku ,if;EkdifiHtay: csrSwfxm;aom pD;yGm;a&;ydwfqkdYrIrsm;ukd ½kyfodrf;ay;rnfjzpfonf/
tD&ef EsLuvD;,m; tpDtpOfqk dif&m tNyD;owf oabmwlnDcsuf wpf&yfuk d ZGefvukef aemufqk H;xm;í &&S d&ef tcsdefZ,m; owfrSwfxm;onf/
½k&S m;Ek difiHonf tqk dyg oabmwlnDcsuf &&S djcif;jzif h pD;yG m;a&;t&tusKd;tjrwf&&Sdvmrnf[k arQmfvifh&onf/ pD;yGm;a&; 'PfcwfrIrsm;jzpfay:aecsdefrS myif ½k&S m;ESif htD&efEk difiHtMum; a&eHESif h ukefypönf; tjyef tvSefzvS,fa&; tpDtpOfwpf&yfuk d taumiftxnf azmfvsuf&S donf/
(½kufwm)(½k dufwm)
t&efEkifiHjcm;a&;0efBu; *smA'fZmtpf/tD&efEk difiHjcm;a&;0efBuD; *smA'fZmtpf/
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{NyD 15? 2015{NyD 15? 2015
rSwfrdygao;onf/ MumawmhMumcJ havNyD/ vGefcJ haom 1963 ckESpf wefcl;vr[mtwmoBuFefyG J &efukefNrd KUü Ncdrf hNcdrf hoJusif;yaecsdefjzpf onf/
pma&;olonf 1959 ckESpfwGif ynma&;r[mXmerS bDattD;'D ynma&;bG J U&NyD; txu(2) uGrf;NcHukef;NrdKU (,cif trsKd;om;ausmif;)ü txufwef;jyq&mrav;tjzpf pwifxrf;aqmifcJ hNyD; 1961 ckESpf Mo*kwfvwGif txu(2) [krf;vrf;xD;wef;Munf hjrifwd kif ausmif;ok dY ajymif;a&T UcGih f&cJ honf/ xdkpOfumvu &efukefwk dif;&S d ausmif;rsm;onf ausmif;pdrf;wlnD0wfpH k0wfqifjcif;r&SdcJ hyg/ ausmif;tvd kuf 0wfpH krsm;&S dcJ honf/ Oyrm txu(2) xD;wef;Munf hjrifwk difu tusÐtjzLESih f rd k;jyma&mifvH kcsnf? x-1 atbDtrf rdef;uav;ausmif;u eDnd Ka&mif vH kcsnf? x-2 prf;acsmif;u tjyma&mifay:tjzLyGih fazmf? x-1 urm&Gwf r&rf;NcHausmif;u r&ef;a&mif? x-1 wmarGausmufajrmif;ausmif;utpdrf;? x-2 wmarG-&mrausmif;teD; ,ck x-1 vom-pifx&,f a,musfm;av;ausmif;u t0ga&mif teDazmuftuGuf ponfwk dY jzpfonf/
vGefcJ haom (42)ESpf 1963 ckESpf {NyDvu ynma&;0efBuD;XmerS &efukefwdkif;twGif;&Sd txufwef;ausmif;rsm;udk r[moBuFefwGif tvSjyum;rsm;xGuf&eftwGuf um;wpfpD;pDpOfay;cJ honf/ xk dpOfuausmif;tkyfq&mBuD; OD;od d kufxGef;ESih f q&mBuD; &mxl;wk d;ajymif;oG m;íwm0efcHq&mrBuD; a':zavmpDoifwk Y du tEkynm0goemygí pmay0goem&Sifjzpfaom pma&;oltm; x-2 xD;wef;ausmif;\ tvSjyum;twGuf OD;pD;aqmif&Guf&ef wm0efay;tyfygawmhonf/ xdk YaMumifh ausmif;tkyfBuD;rsm;? rdbq&mtoif;ESih f &yfrd&yfzrsm;? q&m q&mrrsm;\ 0d kif;0ef;ulnDyH hyd k;rI? wm0efodwwfNyD; tEkynm0goemygí vdr® ma&;jcm;&S dvSaom ausmif;om; ausmif;ol wynf hav;rsm;\ wufwuf
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{NyD 15? 2015{NyD 15? 2015
&efukef {NyD 14&efukef {NyD 14r[moBuFeftusaeYwGif tBud KaeYuxuf yd krd kpnfum;vmvsuf&S donf/
a&yufcHxGufvnfywfolrsm;vnf; rsm;jym;vmjcif;aMumif h jynfvrf;?urÇ mat;apwDvrf;wd k YwGif a&yufcHum;rsm;jzif h jynf hESufvmacsNyD/
&efukefwd kif;a'oBuD;tpd k;&tzG J U\r@yfESif h Nrd KUawmf0efr@yfwd k Y uvnf; r½d k;Ek difatmifazsmfajzwifqufMuovd k uefawmfBuD;ywfvrf;wGifvnf; a&yufcHum;rsm;jzif h wd k;raygufatmifjzpfívmcJ honf/ jynf vrf;ray: ajcmufrdkifcGJwpf0dkufwGif&Sdaom r@yfrsm;odkY a&yufcH 0ifa&mufrnf h um;wef;BuD;u vrf;rBuD;tjynf hydwfqd k Yum wa&G Ua&G UomoG m;ae&NyD; vSnfwef;bufod k YoG m;aom ,OfaMumwGif vd Iifwuúod kvf ausmif;auG UteD;uwnf;u wef;pDae&onf/ xd kYtwl urÇ mat;apwD vrf;rBuD;wGifvnf; acsmfwGif;ukef;rD;ydGKifhrS ukuúdKif;rD;yG dKifhtxdMum;wpfavQmufvrf;rBuD;xufwGif a&yufcHxGufaomum;rsm;u tjynf h ae&m,lxm;Muonfud k awG Ujrif&onf/
]]tusaeYu ydkNyD;awmhvnfywfwJhum;awGrsm;vmvdkY ,mOfaMum
&Sif;vif;atmif renf;aqmif&Gufae&w,f/ aemuf&ufawGvnf; 'Dvd kyJ yd kpnfum;r,f h tajctaersKd;&S dEd kifygw,f}}[k ,mOfvrf;aMumif; &Sif;vif;a&;aqmif&Gufaeaom ,mOfxdef;&Jt&m&S dwpfOD;u &Sif;jyonf/ tBud KaeY u &efukefNrd KU\ ae&mtcsKd UwGifom pnfum;cJ haomfvnf; tusaeY\jrifuGif;wGif pnfum;vmrIrsm;onf ,mOfvrf;aMumif;ydwfqd k YrI jzpfvm
iykawm {NyD 14iykawm {NyD 14oBuFeftusaeYwGif {&m0wD
wkdif;a'oBuD; iykawmNrdKUe,f ykodrf-armfwifum;vrf;ü ,mOf wpfpD; vQKdwGif; xk d;uswdrf;arS muf cJ h&m 10 OD;aoqH k;NyD; ESpfOD;'Pf&mrsm; &&S dcJ haMumif; od&onf/
jzpfpOfrS m {NyD 14 &uf eHeuf 3em&Dausmfcef YwGif iykawmNrd KUe,f wif;acsmif;aus;&GmrS ql;ydwf aus;&Gmod k Y ,mOfarmif; w½kwf uav;armif;ESifonh f wDtD;,mOf onf ,mOfaemufvkdufwpfOD;?vrf;BuH Kvd kufygol a'owGif;opfckwf 0g;ckwftvkyform; 16
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,mOfwdrf;arS mufrIaMumif h ,mOf aemufvd kuf vSodef;OD;tygt0if 10 OD;rS m ae&mwGif um;ydíaoqH k;
cJ hNyD; iykawmNrd KUe,f awmifo&uf aus;&Gmae trsKd;om;ESpfOD;rSm'Pf&mrsm;&&SdcJhonf/ ,mOfay:vk dufygvmolrsm;teuf tjcm;trsKd;om; av;OD;ESif h trsKd;orD;wpfOD;wd k YrS m 'Pf&m&&S drIr&S daMumif;od&onf/ 'Pf&m&&Sdolrsm;tm;iykawmaq;½HkodkY ydk YaqmifcJhNyD;aoqH k;olrsm;tm; usKHul;wk dufe,f aq;½H kod k Y yd k YaqmifoG m;rnfjzpf aMumif; od&onf/ (aMu;rH)(aMu;rH k )
jcif;wd k Uu oufaojyvsuf&Sdonf/xd kod k Yaysmf&TifpG mvnfywfolrsm;&S dovd k tcsKd UrS moBuFefumvtwGif;
&[ef;0wfolrsm;? OykofoDwif;aqmufwnfolrsm;ud kvnf; jrifawG UcJh &onf/
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{NyD 15? 2015{NyD 15? 2015
aejynfawm {NyD 14aejynfawmf {NyD 14jynaxmiporw jrermjynfaxmifpkor®w jrefrm
Eiiawm EdifiHawmfor®wEd kifiHawmf Ed kifiHawmfor®wOD;odef;pdefESifZeD; a':cifcif0if;OD;odef;pdefESif hZeD; a':cifcif0if;wdonf ,aeY (r[moBuef wd k Yonf ,aeY (r[moBuFef tusaeY) eHeu fydif ;w Gif EdifiHawmf tusaeY ) eHeufyd kif;wGif Ed kifiHawmf or®wtdrfawmü usif;yonf or®wtdrfawmfü usif;yonf h 1376 c kESpf refrm h½d ; m,Ofaus;rI 1376 ckESpf jrefrmh½d k;&m,Ofaus;rI r[moBuFefyGawmfwGif yg0if r[moBuFefyGJawmfwGif yg0if qifETMuonf/qifET JMuonf/
a&S;OD;pG m Ed kifiHawmfor®wESif h ZeD;wdkYonf Ed kifiHawmfor ®wtdrfawmf ika&T0gcef;rü cgoBuFef ½dk;&m tqd ktursm;jzif h azsmfajzwifqufrIudk Munf h½Itm;ay;Mu
onf/,if;od k YazsmfajzMu&mwGif jrefrmh
toHacwfay:aw;*DwESif h wG Jzuf í EdkifiHawmfor®w½k H;? jynfxJa&;0efBuD;Xme? aqmufvkyfa&;0efBuD;XmeESif h aejynfawmfpnfyifom,ma&;aumfrwDwd kYrS ,drf;tzG J Ursm;?a&T{nf honf,drf;tzG J U? jrefrmEd kifiH ½kyf&Siftpnf;t½k H;rS tarrsm;tzG J U?tpfrrsm;tzG J U? ½kyf&SifESifh *DwtEk ynm&Sifrsm;u cgoBuFeftqd k tursm;? ½d k;&maw;oDcsif;rsm;jzif h azsmfajzwifqufMuonf/
xd k Yaemuf EdkifiHawmfor®wOD;odef;pdefESif h ZeD; a':cifcif0if;
wd k Yu jrefrmEd kifiH½kyf&Siftpnf;t½k H;?jrefrmhtoHacwfay:aw;*DwtzG J U?tarrsm;tzG J UESif h tpfrrsm;tzG J Uwd k Y tm; *kPfjyKqkaiGrsm;csD;jr§ifhMuonf/
qufvufí 'kwd,or®wa'gufwmpdkif;armufcrf;ESif h ZeD;a':eef;a&TrIef? 'kwd,or®w
OD;ÓPfxGef;ESif h ZeD; a':cifat;jrif h wd k Yu ,drf;tzG J Ursm;tm; *kPfjyK
qkrsm; csD;jr§if hMuonf/,if;aemuf EdkifiHawmfor®w
ESif hZeD;wd k Yonf wufa&mufvmMuolrsm;ESif htwl Ed kifiHawmfor®w
tdrfawmfjrufcif;jyifü usif;yonf h jrefrmh½dk;&mr[moBuFefa&obif
yG Jawmfud k twlwuG yg0ifqifET JMuonf/
oBuFeftusaeY a&obifyG Jyg0ifqifET JpOf Ed kifiHawmfor®wuESpfopful; qkrGefpum;ud k ajymMum;&mwGif ]]'DESpfoBuFefyG JawmfrS moBuFefcspfjynfolawG aysmf&TifpG ma&upm;Ed kifMuygap? ud k,fpdwfESpfjzm usef;rmcsrf;omMuygap?
aumif;jrwfwJh vd ktifqE´awGvnf; wpfvk H;wpf0wnf; jynf h0Ed kifMuygap? om,mcsrf;ajrhzG,faumif;NyD; vk HNcH Kat;csrf;wJ hESpfopfjzpfygap}} [k ajymMum;cJ honf/
tvm;wl Ed kifiHawmfor®w\ZeD; a':cifcif0if;uvnf; ESpfopful;qkrGefpum;ud k ajymMum;&mwGif]]jrefrmjynfol jynfom;tm;vkH;pdwf\ csrf;omjcif;? ud k,f\usef;rmjcif;ESifh jynf hpk HMuygap?aumif;usd K;vd k&m qEáwGvnf;jynfhpk HMuygapvdkY qkawmif;ay;vd kufygw,f}}[k ajymMum;onf/
xdk Yjyif 'kwd,or®w a'gufwmpd kif;armufcrf;ESif h ZeD; a':eef;a&TrIefwd k Yu ]]ESpfopfud k a&mufawmhrS m jzpfygw,f/ ESpfa[mif;rS m&S dwJ htnpftaMu;a[mif;awG? pdwful;a[mif;awG tm;vk H;ud k 'DESpfa[mif;rS m csefcJ hNyD;awmh vmr,f h 1377ckESpf ESpfopfrS m pdwfopf? vlopf?b0opfeJ Y jynfoljynfom;tm;vk H;
pmrsuESm 9 aumv 1pmrsufES m 9 aumfvH 1 od od k Y
EdifiHawmfor®w O D;o def ;pdefESif ZeD; a':cifci f0i f;Ed kifiHawmfor®w OD;odef;pdefESif h ZeD; a':cifcif0if; EdifiHawmfor®wt drfawmfü usi f;yonf refrm h½d ; m,Ofaus;rI r[moBuFefyGawmfw Gif yg0ifqifETpO f/Ed kifiHawmfor®wtdrfawmfü usif;yonf h jrefrmh½d k;&m,Ofaus;rI r[moBuFefyG JawmfwGif yg0ifqifET JpOf/ (owif;pOf)(owif;pOf )
EdifiHawmor®wtdrfawmü refrm½d;&m,Ofaus;rI r[moBuFefyGawm ETaysmMupOfpO/Ed kifiHawmfor®wtdrfawmfü jrefrmh½d k;&m,Ofaus;rI r[moBuFefyG Jawmf ETJaysmfMupOfpOf/ (owif;pOf)(owif;pOf )
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{NyD 15? 2015{NyD 15? 2015
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oef Y&Sif;pifMu,fapjcif;? a&ud kom;vd k YtMum;rxifjcif;qd kwJ h a&&J Ur*Fvmedrdwfok H;yg;ud k aqmifMuOf;NyD; r*Fvmtaygif;eJ Y vmjcif;aumif;wJ h ESpfopfjzpfygap? jynfaxmifpk wpf0ef;vk H;rS m Nidrf;csrf;jcif;? oef Ypif jcif;? aoG;pnf;nDñGwfjcif;rsm;vTrf;NcH KNyD; vlopf? pdwfopf? tm;rmef opfawGeJY Ed kifiHawmfud k wnf aqmufoGm;EdkifMuygapvdkY EdkifiH aMumh jynfoleJ Ytwl yefqk,l twma& oGef;vd kufygw,f}}[k ESpfopful;qkrGefpum; ajymMum;cJ honf/
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ygap? a'gocyfodrf;? avmb?a'go? arm[awGtm;vk H; xdef;csKyf Ed kifMuygapvd kY qkawmif;vd kufygw,f/ 'ghtjyif vli,f? vl&G,f
awGtaeeJY ud k,f h&J U ,Ofaus;rI?udk,f&JU½dk;&m? udk,f h&J U odu© mawGud k xdef;odrf;apcsifygw,f?xdef;odrf;Muygvdk Y rSmcsifygw,f}}[kvnf;aumif;? ½kyf&Sifo½kyfaqmif&Jatmifu ]]ESpfopftcgor,rSmjynfoljynfom;tm;vk H;? Ed kifiHom;awGtm;vk H; pdwf\ csrf;omjcif;?ud k,f\ usef;rmjcif;eJ Y jynf hpk HMuygap? &Tifvef;csrf;ajrhMuygap/ jrefrmh ½dk;&mtwmoBuFefrSm ESpfa[mif;ukefvdk Y ESpfopful;awmhr,f?ESpfa[mif;rSm BuH KcJ h? qkHcJ hwmawGtukefvk H;ud k ESpfopfrS m 'Dxufyd kNyD;taumif;qk H;jzpfatmif pdwfopf?vlopf? cGeftm;opfawGeJ Y jzwfoef;Mur,f/ pdwfxJrS m &S dwJ ht&mawG tukefvk H; atmifjrifygapvd k Y qkrGef
apvdk Y qkawmif;ygw,f}}[k vnf;aumif;? &efukefrD'D,m*½k(zf ) trI aqmif t&m&S dcsKyf OD;ud kud ku]]jrefrmh½d k;&m ESpfopfoBuFefawG
rsm;pG m jzwfoef;wJ htxJrS m 'DESpftwmoBuFefu xl;jcm;NyD;awmhr*Fvmtaygif;eJY jynf hpk HwJ hoBuFefvd k Y xifygw,f/ bmaMumif hvJqdkawmh oBuFefumvrwd kifrDrSmNidrf;csrf;a&;twGuf a&mifeDawGoef;vmw,f/ wpfEd kifiHvkH;typftcwf &yfpJEd kifa&;twGufrlMurf;eJ Y ywfoufNyD; wd kif;&if;om;awGeJ Y tpd k;&tMum;rSm oabmwlnDrI&vd kufw,f/ 'gaMumif hrd k Y'DESpfoBuFef[m r*Fvmtaygif;eJ YjynfhpkHwJh oBuFefjzpfw,f/ 'DESpftwmoBuFefumvrS m jrefrmjynfoltaygif; tNrJwrf;arQmfvif hawmif hwaewJ h xm0&Nidrf;csrf;a&;&&S dygap? xm0&Nidrf;csrf;a&;&&S datmifvnf; Ed kifiHawmftpd k;&eJ Y
wefwefeJ Y wdkif;jynfwm0efud k ausyGefpG m qufvufxrf;aqmif Ed kifMuygap}}[k vnf;aumif;qkrGefaumif; awmif;cJhMuonf/
xd kYtwl jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;OD;jrwf[def;ESif h ZeD;wd k Yu ]]ESpfopf rS m jrefrmjynfwpf0ef;rS m &S dMuwJ h &[ef;&Sifvl jynfoltaygif;
vnf;aumif; qEj́yKcJhMuonf/xd k Ytwl tarrsm;tzG JUud k,fpm;
½kyf&Sifo½kyfaqmif a':EG J UEGJ Upef;u]]vmr,f hESpfrS m urÇ mol urÇ mom;?jrefrmjynfol? jrefrmjynfom;tm;vk H;? ckepf&uf om;orD;tm;vk H;bkef;BuD;oavmuf touf&Snfygap? touf&Snfoavmuf bkef;BuD;
aumif; awmif;vd kufygw,f}}[k vnf;aumif;? ½kyf&Sifo½kyfaqmif vlrif;u ]]ESpfopfrS m jrefrmjynfol jynfom;awG pdwfqif;&Jjcif;?udk,fqif;&Jjcif; uif;a0;NyD;awmhpdwfopf? vlopf? tawG;tac:opf?tBuHtpnftopfawGeJ Y b0opf ud k taumif;qk H;wnfaqmufEd kifyg
wuG wdkif;&if;om;acgif;aqmif awGtm;vk H;? oufqdkif&myg0ifywfoufolawGtm;vk H;u ESpfopf rS m pGrf;pGrf;wrH aqmif&GufEd kifwJ hvlawGjzpfMuygap? jrefrmjynfBuD;vnf; Nidrf;csrf;om,m0ajymygapvd k Yqkawmif;ygw,f}}[k vnf;aumif;ajymMum;cJ hMuonf/ (owif;pOf)(owif;pOf )
EkifiHawmor®w OD;odef;pdefESif ZeD; a':cifcif0if; ESpful;qkrGef Ek difiHawmfor®w OD;odef;pdefESif h ZeD; a':cifcif0if; ESpful;qkrGef
pum;ajymMum;pOf/pum;ajymMum;pOf/ (owif;pOf)(owif;pOf )
'kwd,or®w a'gufwmpdif;armufcrf;ESif ZeD; a':eef;a TrIef 'kwd,or®w a'gufwmpd kif;armufcrf;ESif h ZeD; a':eef;a&TrIef ESpful;qkrGefpum; ajymMum;pOf/ESpful;qkrGefpum; ajymMum;pOf/
(owif;pOf)(owif;pOf )
EkifiHawmor®wtdrfawm ika&T0gcef;rü ,drf;tursm; azsmajzwifqufpOf/Ek difiHawmfor®wtdrfawmf ika&T0gcef;rü ,drf;tursm; azsmfajzwifqufpOf/ (owif;pOf)(owif;pOf )
'kw,or®w OD;ÓPxGef;ESif ZeD; a':cifat;jrif ESpful;qrGef'kwd,or®w OD;ÓPfxGef;ESif h ZeD; a':cifat;jrifh ESpful;qkrGefpum; ajymMum;pOf/pum; ajymMum;pOf/
(owif;pOf)(owif;pOf )
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ajymif;vJvmonfh acwfa&pDaMumif;ESifhtwl jrefrmh½dk;&moBuFefonfvnf; toGiftjyifESifh tjrifrsm;qef;opf ajymif;vJvmonfud k awG U&S dae&onf/ acwfay:aw;*Dw? tuESif h 0wfpm;qif,ifrIrsm;u ,aeYoBuFefumvwGif vli,fxkMum;wGif vTrf;rd k;ae&m,lxm;onf/ oBuFefcsdefcga&mufvmNyDqd kvQif ord kif;tpOftvmBuD;rm;onf h jrefrmh½d k;&m,Ofaus;rI? jrefrmh*Dw? jrefrmhtuESifh jrefrmhtvSwd kYuvnf;ol Yae&mESih fol jrefrmwd k Y\ pdwfESvH k;ud k at;csrf;MunfEl;rIay;pGrf;Ed kifqJjzpfonf/ jrefrmh½k d;&m,Ofaus;rIESif htnD aysmf&TifpG mqifET Jonf h yH k&dyfrsm;Mum;rS þoBuFefvIyf&S m;rIyH k&dyfrsm;ud kvnf; owdjyKrdygonf/
(aMu;rH)(aMu;rH k )
r[moBuFeftusaeYu aejynfawm&S a&ToHvGifr@yfokr[moBuFeftusaeYu aejynfawmf&S d a&ToHvGifr@yfok dY vma&mu qifETMuolrsm; þo aysm&TifMupOf/vma&muf qifET JMuolrsm; þod k Y aysmf&TifMupOf/ (&mrn)(&mrn)
&efukefNrdKUawm0efr[moBuFefr@yü jynfolrsm; aysm&TifpGm&efukefNrdKUawmf0efr[moBuFefr@yfü jynfolrsm; aysmf&TifpG mjzif a&obifyGud þokqifETpOf/jzif h a&obifyG Jud k þok d YqifET JpOf/ (cifarmif0if;)(cifarmif0if;)
rEÅav;NrdKU usK;ywfvnfü a&upm;r@yfBuD;rsm;jzif vli,fvl&G,frsm; aysm&TifpGm a&upm;vsuf&S&m r@yfwpfckwGif þo aysm&TifpGmrEÅ av;Nrd KU usKH;ywfvnfü a&upm;r@yfBuD;rsm;jzifh vli,fvl&G,frsm; aysmf&TifpG m a&upm;vsuf&S d&m r@yfwpfckwGif þok d Y aysmf&TifpG ma&upm;aeonfud awGU&pOf/a&upm;aeonfudk awG U&pOf/ wifarmif(ref;ud,fyGm;)wifarmif(ref;udk,fyG m;)
jrif;NcHNrdKU a&Tjynfpd; omoemAdrmefa&SU&S a&upm;r@yfüjrif;NcHNrd KU a&Tjynfpd k; omoemhAdrmefa&S U&S d a&upm;r@yfüjrif;NcHNrdKUol rdKUom;rsm; aysm&TifpGm a&upm;MupOf/jrif;NcHNrd KUol Nrd KUom;rsm; aysmf&TifpGm a&upm;MupOf/ (aZmrif;Edif)(aZmfrif;Ed kif )
usK;ywfvnfwGif rEÅav;NrdKUol NrdKUom;rsm; oBuFefyGqifETvsuf&&musKH;ywfvnfwGif rEÅ av;Nrd KUol NrdKUom;rsm; oBuFefyG JqifET Jvsuf&S d&m 3K BATTERY3K BATTERY uvn; þod yg0ifqiETaepOf/uvnf; þod k Y yg0ifqifET JaepOf/(rif;xufatmif)(rif;xufatmif )
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1376 ckESpf oBuFefyGJawmfqifET J&eftwGuf jrefrmh½d k;&mr[moBuFefA[d kr@yfzGif hyG Jud k {NyD 13 &uf nae 6 em&DwGif usKdufxd kNrd KU uH haumf&yfuGuf trSwf(1) tajccHynmtxufwef;ausmif;a&SU A[dk r@yfü usif;ycJ honf/
zGif hyG Jtcrf;tem;wGif Nrd KUe,ftkyfcsKyfa&;rS L; OD;rsd K;atmifu r[moBuFeftBud Ktjzpf EIwfcGef;quf pum;ajymMum;NyD; t*wdvd kufpm;rIwd kufzsufa&;aumfr&SiftzGJ U0if a'gufwmnDnDxGef;? jynfol YvTwfawmf ud k,fpm;vS,f OD;jrif hvGif? e,fajrcHwyfe,frS wyfrrS L; Ad kvfrS L;BuD;oef YZif? Nrd KUe,ftkyfcsKyfa&;rS L; OD;rsKd;atmifESif h Nrd KUe,fzG H UNzd K;wd k;wufa&;taxmuftuljyKaumfrwDOuú| OD;pHjrwd k Yu zJBud K;jzwfzGif hvSpfay;NyD; ,drf;tzG J Ursm;u ref;awmif&dyfcd koBuFefaw;jzif h ujyazsmfajzcJ hMuonf/
1376 ckESpf jrefrmh½d k;&mr[moBuFefyG JawmfA[d kr@yfzGif hyG Jtcrf;tem;ud k {NyD 13 &uf oBuFef tBuKdaeYnae 6 em&Du A[d kr@yfü usif;y&m c½d kiftkyfcsKyfa&;rS L; OD;axG;jrif hu EIwfcGef;quftrS mpum;ajymMum;NyD; vTwfawmfud k,fpm;vS,f a'gufwmaX;Ed kif? ajrmif;jrc½d kif tkyfcsKyfa&;rS L; OD;axG;jrif h? Nrd KUe,f tkyfcsKyfa&;rS L; OD;jrif hpdef? NrdKUe,fzG H UNzd K;wd k;wufa&;taxmuftuljyKaumfrwDOuú| OD;wifvwfESih f Nrd KUe,f pnfyifom,ma&;aumfrwDOuú| OD;cifarmifpd k;wd k Yu zJBud K;jzwfzGif hvSpfay;Muonf/
qufvufí tajccHynmausmif;rsm;rS ,drf;ysd KjzLrsm;? Xmeqd kif&m,drf;tzG J Ursm;? &yfuGuf,drf;tzG J Ursm;rS ,drf;ysKdjzLrsm;u jrLarS mifa0uif; oDcsif;jzif h pkaygif;yg0ifujyMuNyD; wufa&mufvmolrsm;u oBuFef a&rsm; yufzsef;MuaMumif; od&onf/
(c½dif jyef̂ quf)(c½dkif jyef̂ quf )
1376 ckESpf jrefrmh½d k;&mr[moBuFefyG Jawmf A[d kr@yfzGif hyG JESif h ,drf;tuNydKifyG JzGif hyG Jtcrf;tem;ud k acsmif;qk HNrd KUü {NyD 13 &uf n 8 em&Du usif;y&m Nrd KUe,ftkyfcsKyfa&;rS L; OD;atmifxGef;odef;u tzGif h
trS mpum;ajymMum;NyD; jrefrmh½d k;&mr[moBuFefyG Jawmfusif;ya&;OD;pD;aumfrwDtwGif;a&;rS L; OD;cifarmifOD;ESifh vTwfawmfud k,fpm;vS,f OD;atmifEd kifOD;wd kYu A[d kr@yfud k zJBudK;jzwfzGifhvSpfay;Muonf/,if;aemuf ES D;rIwfaus;&Gm ,drf;tzGJ Uu ref;awmif&dyfcd kaw;oDcsif;ESif h oBuFefrd k;aw;oDcsif;wd k Yjzif h
yg0if,SOfNyd KifcJhMuNyD; wd k;csJ U,drf;tzG JU? uan§ mf,drf;tzG JUESif h c½d kuf'l;,drf;tzG J Uwd k Yu oBuFefoDcsif;rsm;jzif h toD;oD;,SOfNyd KifcJ hMuonf/ tqd kygNyd KifyG JwGif ART vli,ftzG J Uu oDcsif;rsm;jzif h oDqd kazsmfajzum ,drf;tutzG J U 11 zG J U yg0if,SOfNydKifrnfjzpfNyD; NydKifyG Jumv oH k;&uf Mumjrif hrnfjzpfaMumif; od&onf/
NrdKUe,f(jyef̂ quf)Nrd KUe,f(jyef̂ quf )
oxk Hc½d kif bD;vif;NrdKUe,f\ 1376 ckESpf jrefrmh½dk;&m ESpfopful; twmoBuFefA[d kr@yfzGif hyG Jud k {NyD 13 &uf nae 5 em&Du tqd kygr@yfü pnfum;od kufNrdKufpG musif;ycJ honf/
zGif hyG Jtcrf;tem;wGif Nrd KUe,ftkyfcsKyfa&;rS L; OD;rif;armifarmifu ESpfopful;EIwfcGef;quftrS mpum;ajymMum;onf/ ,if;aemuf A[d koBuFefr@yftm; trsd K;om;vTwfawmfud k,fpm;vS,f OD;aZmfEdkifOD;? KNUwyfr[m(1)rS 'kwd,wyfr[mrS L; Ad kvfrS L;BuD;apmyavh? Nrd KUe,fOya't&m&S d OD;csrf;om? oBuFefyG Jawmf azsmfajza&;twGif;a&;rS L; a'gufwmausmfolvwfESif h &yfrd&yfz OD;armifarmifwd k Yu zJBud K;jzwfzGif hvSpfay;MuNyD;
tcrf;tem;wufa&mufvmMuolrsm;u wpfOD;ESif hwpfOD; oajycufjzif h twma&rsm;yufzsef;cJ hMuonf/xdk Yaemuf oBuFefNyd KifyGJ0if,drf;tzGJ Ursm;ESifhtwl u&if½d k;&m,Ofaus;rIESifh ytd k0f;½dk;&m,Ofaus;rI ,drf;tzG J Ursm;uvnf; ref;awmif&dyfcd kaw;oDcsif;jzif h pkaygif;ujyazsmfajzum bD;vif;Nrd KUe,f\ ESpfopful;twmoBuFefA[d kr@yftm;pnfum;od kufNrdKufpG m zGif hvSpfcJ haMumif; od&onf/
(NrdKUe, jyef̂ quf)(Nrd KUe,f jyef̂ quf )
jrefrmouú&mZf 1376 ckESpf oBuFeftBudKaeY nae 5 em&Du BuHcif;NrdKU vrf;rawmfvrf;&Sd ta0;ajy;*dwf0if;ü r[moBuFefA[d kr@yfzGif hyJ Gtcrf;tem;usif;y&m Nrd KUe,ftkyfcsKyfa&;rS L; OD;Nzd K;rif;xd kufuESpfopful;r*FvmEIwfcGef;qufpum;ajymMum;NyD; jynfol YvTwfawmfud k,fpm;vS,f a'gufwmwifarmifBud Kif?Nrd KUe,ftkyfcsKyfa&;rS L; OD;Nzd K;rif;xd kuf? Nrd KUe,fpnfyifom,ma&;Ouú| OD;pd k;jrif h? Nrd KUrdNrd KUz OD;odef;wifESif h OD;0if;&Dwdk Yu zJBud K;jzwfzGif hvSpfay;onf/
qufvufí ref;awmif&dyfcd kaw;oDcsif;jzif h,drf;tzG J Ursm;? tvSjy,mOfrsm;u ujyazsmfajzMuNyD; Nrd KUe,f tkyfcsKyfa&;rS L;ESif htzG J Uu oajycufjzif h twma&pifyufzsef;cJ haMumif; od&onf/
ro(jyef̂ quf)rol(jyef̂ quf )
yJcl;wk dif;a'oBuD; jynfc½d kif oJukef;Nrd KUe,f r[moBuFefyG JawmfzGif hyGJtcrf;tem;ud k {NyD 13 &uf
nae 4 em&DcG Ju Nrd KUe,fcef;ra&S UA[d kr@yfü usif;y&m Nrd KUe,ftkyfcsKyfa&;rS L; OD;vSrd k;OD;u tzGif htrS mpum;ajymMum;NyD; &yfrd &yfz OD;wifOD;u aus;Zl;wifpum;jyefvnfajymMum;onf/
qufvufí Nrd KUe,ftkyfcsKyfa&;rS L; jynfol YvTwfawmfud k,fpm;vS,f OD;pd k;atmif? &JrS L;armifarmifOD;?JIANSHE ESif h SKY NET uk d,fpm;vS,fwd kYu A[k dr@yftm; zJBud K;jzwfzGif hvSpfay;Muonf/
xd k Yaemuf zGif hyG Jtcrf;tem;ud k ref;awmif&dyfck d oDcsif;jzif h oDqk dzGif hvSpfay;cJ hNyD; azsmfajza&;tpDtpOfrsm;jzif h qufvufazsmfajzcJ haMumif; od&onf/
(u&ifjyef̂ quf)(u&ifjyef̂ quf )
rdw¬vm {NyD 14rdw¬ Dvm {NyD 14rdw¬ DvmNrd KU usDawmfukef;&yfuGuf a&upm;
r@yfwGif {NyD 14 &uf eHeufyd kif;u a&upm;olrsm;?a&yufcHolrsm;jzif h BudwfBudwfwdk;pnfum;aMumif;od&onf/
]]'DaeY oBuFeftusaeYrS m raeYu tBud KaeYxuf yd kpnfum;w,f/ usDawmfukef;r@yfrS m jrefrmh½d k;&m,Ofaus;rI,drf;tutjyif acwfay:aw;*DwawGeJY vnf; oDqd kazsmfajzw,f/ ESpfwd kif;vd kyJ usDawmfukef;r@yfrS m a&upm;ol? a&yufcHolrsm;eJ Y BudwfBudwfwd k;pnfum;ygw,f/ &yfuGuftwGif;u vli,fawG
a&upm;Ed kifzdkYtwGuf a&yd kufawGud k pDpOfay;xm;ygw,f/ wpfaeukefa&upm;olwpfOD;taeeJ Y a&yd kufwpfacsmif;ud k aiGusyf 2000 ay;oGif;&ygw,f/ 'DESpf rdw¬ DvmrS m A[d ka&upm;r@yfvnf; r&SdwJ htjyif Nrd KUwGif;rS m rESpfuavmuf a&upm;r@yfawGr&S dawmh
usDawmfukef;&yfuGuf a&upm;r@yfu NrdKUe,f twGif;rSm tpnfum;qkH;r@yfjzpfaewmyg}}[k &yfuGufa'ocHwpfOD;u ajymonf/
usDawmfukef;r@yftjyif 0efZif;&yfuGuf a&upm;r@yf? atmifqef;&yfuGuf rif;cef Yausmf a&upm;r@yf? &wemrm&fatmif &yfuGufe,fajr&S d ½G d Kif&,fa&upm;r@yf? 0rf;awmfjynf hwd k;csJ U&yf&S d &Dvwfpf a&upm;r@yfponf h a&upm;r@yfrsm;wGif a&upm;ol? a&yufcHolrsm;jzif h pnfum;cJ haomfvnf;,refESpfu rdw¬ DvmoBuFefpnfum;rIud k rrD[k a'ocH rsm;u ajymonf/
2014 ckESpf rdw¬ Dvmr[moBuFefyG JawmfwGif A[d ka&upm;r@yftygt0if a&upm;r@yfBuD; 30cef Y&S dcJ haomfvnf; ,ckESpfwGifrl a&upm;r@yf 15ckcef Yom&S daMumif; od&onf/
csrf;om(rdw¬vm)csrf;om(rdw¬ Dvm)
rk&Gm {NyD 14rk H&G m {NyD 14ppfudkif;wd kif;a'oBuD;tpd k;&tzG J UrS BuD;rS L;usif;yaom 1376 ckESpf jrefrmh½d k;&mr[moBuFef
yG Jawmf tusaeYjzpfaom {NyD 14 &ufu rH k&G mNrd KU&S d vrf;rsm;wpfavQmufwGif a&yufcHum;rsm;?qd kifu,frsm;jzih f at;csrf;aysmf&TifpGm a&yufcHMuvsuf&S dNyD; a&upm;r@yfrsm;uvnf; oBuFef½d k;&mpwk'dom auR;arG;jcif;? oBuFeftursm;jzif h {nf hcHazsmfajzMuonf/
xd k Yjyif rH k&G mNrd KU\ txifu&ae&mrsm;ESif h bk&m;apwDrsm;wGif &yfa0;&yfeD;rS bk&m;zl;vmol rsm;jzif h pnfum;vsuf&S donf/
rH k&G mNrd KUwGif a&yufcHxGufolrsm;? OykofoDwif;oDvaqmufwnfolrsm;jzif h ESpfopfud k at;csrf;aysmf&TifpGm Bud Kqd kvsuf&S dMuaMumif; od&S d&onf/ (zd;csrf;-rk&Gm)(zd k;csrf;-rk H&G m)
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uRefawmfu Alpine eJ Y rdom;pkawGvd k jzpfaewJ h
tjyif rEÅ av;ud kvnf;cspfygw,f/ tEkynm&Sif awmfawmfrsm;rsm;u &efukefrSmyJ&Sd Muw,fav/rEÅ av;y&dowfuawmh wpfESpfudk wpfcgyJawGUEdkif w,f/ rEÅ av;u tEkynmNrdKUawmfjzpfNyD; tEkynm&SifawGud k &ifxJu vd Iufvd IufvS JvS Jcspfwmud k awG U&wJ h twGuf tvGef0rf;omygw,f/ ESpfopfrS m tm;vH k;pdwfopfvlopfb0opfawGeJ Y wnfaqmufEd kifMuygapAsm/
rEÅ av;ud k ESpfpOfvma&mufazsmfajzwmuawmh rEÅav;y&dowfBuD;udk cspfvd kYaygh&Sif/ tazuvnf;rEÅ av;om;qdkawmh 'DrS maysmfw,fav/ rcd kifwd kY rdom;pk tyef;ajzc&D;xGufovd kvnf;jzpf&if; rEÅ av;y&dowfudk azsmfajzay;&ma&mufwJhtwGuf rEÅav;oBuFefudk &SpfESpfavmufqufwdkufazsmfajzay;cJhwmyg/ rEÅ av;y&dowfeJY rcdkifu aEG;axG;&if;ES D;NyD;o[ZmwjzpfaeygNyD/
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tckvdk uRefawmfwdkY tEkynm&SifawGudk wpfcJ euf tm;ay;wmudk awG U&wJhtwGuf txl;auseyfrd ygw,f/ ESpfopfrS m qEáwGt m;vH k; jynf hpH kMuygapvd k Y qkawmif;ay;vd kufygw,f/
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ESpfpOf azsmfajzay;&wJh &nf&G,fcsufuawmhuRefawmfu trsm;aysmf&Tifatmifvkyfay;wmyg/ESpfpOfESpfwdkif; uRefawmfvkyfay;aeus 'Dvd koBuFeftcsdeftcgudka&muf&if uRefawmfu raeEdkifygbl;/uRefawmfhvkyfief;uae&&SdwJh tusdK;tjrwfawGudk wpfzufuaejyefNyD; aus;Zl;qyfwJhtaeeJY pDpOfay;wmyg/ uRefawmfcHpm;&wmu tckazsmfajzay;wJ h tpD tpOfud k vufvSrf;rrDwJh vlwef;pm;awGvnf; &S dwmaygh/ 'gaMumif h trsm;cHpm;E dkifwJh oDqdkazsmfajzrIud kvnf; pDpOfay;csifygw,f/ vl Yb0rS m trsm;tusd K;twGuf vkyfay;EdkifwJ htcsdef[m taysmfqH k;tcsdefyg/'gaMumif h uRefawmf'DjrifuGif;ud kMunf hNyD; tawmfaysmf aeygw,f/ Alpine &Sdaeoa&G U azsmfajzrIawGvnf;qufvufwnf&S daerSmyg/
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tvm;wlyif tar&duefjynfaxmifpkrS mvnf; rdcif avmif; 1500 ud k ESpfaygif; 30 MumavhvmrI rSwfwrf;rsm;t& eHufpm?ae hvnf?npm oDwif;&ufowåywf umvtwGif; ig;[if;vsm 12 BudrfrQ pm;oH k;cJ haomud k,f0efaqmiftrsKd;orD;rsm;rS m &ifaoG;tay: rmusK&D(ac:)jy'g;tqdyfoifhrI wpfpH kwpf&mrjzpfay:EdkifwJhtjyif? udk,ftav;csdefusapwmaMumifh vnf; rdcifrsm;twGuf om;zG m;NyD;aemuf ud k,ftav;csdefwd k;yGm;jcif;twGuf rsm;pGmtaxmuftuljzpfap
Ed kifw,fvd k Y tar&duef ½d kcsufpwmwuúod kvf jynfol Yusef;rma&;odyÜ HXmerS ygarmu©wpfOD;jzpfol yDtdyfcsf 'DbG J U& tuf'GifAefqdkolu tMuHjyKxm;ygw,f/
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(2) rmusK&Dyg0ifrIenf;wJh taMu;cGHygaom a&csKdig;wd k Yud k rsm;rsm;pm;ay;yg/
(3) ykpGefxJrS m rmusK&Dyg0ifrIenf;vd k h pm;ay;oif hygw,f/
(4) rmusK&Dyg0ifrIenf;aom yifv,fpmrsm;jzpfMuwJ h cH k;(*H k;)aumif? u½kurmaumif? a,mufoG m;?wlemig; ESif h q,fvfrGefig;wd kY pm;ay;yg/
(5) ig;'efu aoG;wufapvd k Y rpm;oif hay/(6) *ufpfygaom azsmf&nfrsm; raomufygESif h/(7) aumfzD? vufbuf&nfESif h ud kvmwd k YuJ hod k Y uzdef;
"mwfud ktajccHxm;aom azsmf&nfrsm;raomuf ygESif h/ rsm;rMumrDu avhvmrIwpfckt& uzdef;
"mwfrsm;vGef;ygu uav;BuD;xGm;EIef;ud k xd cd kufEd kifaMumif;? wpfaeY aumfzDwpfcGuf aeYwd kif;aomufoHk;aom trsKd;orD;[m omrefudk,ftav;csdefxufavsmhaom uav;arG;zG m;Ed kifítEÅ&m,fydkrsm;aMumif;? 'gaMumifh udk,f0efaqmifrsm;taejzif h uzdef;"mwfygaom azsmf&nfaomufoH k;rIudk ododomom avsmhcsypfapvd kaMumif; od&ygw,f/
(8) "mwkcRwfaq;rsm;oH k;NyD; jyefvnfoef Ypifxm;aom *sH KrIef hjzif hjyKvkyfxm;onf h tpm;tpmrsm;ud k a&S mifyg/
(9) oMum;"mwfyg0ifrIrsm;aom tpm;taomufrsm;ud k avsmhed kiforS Q avsmhcspm;oH k;yg/
(10) odyÜ Henf;t& twnfjyKxm;jcif; r&Sdao;aomf vnf; Zmwdyæ d KvfoD; yg0ifrIrsm;aom tpm;tpmud k pm;jcif;u oaËom;ud k tEÅ &m,fjzpfaped kifyg
w,fwJh/(11) rcsufjyKwf&ao;aom ig;pdrf;rsm;rS mvnf; tpmtqdyfoif haponf h AufwD;&D;,m; ESif h yd k;rT m;rsm;yg0ifaeí rpm;oif hay/
(11) a&cJ½dkufxm;aom (od k Y ) rD;usyfwdkufxm;aomyifv,fpm;rsm;ud kvnf; rpm;ygESif h/
(12) pnfoGyfxm;aom yifv,fpmudkawmh tenf;i,frQavmufom pm;ay;edkifygw,f/
(13) tylaumif;pGmray;&ao;aom Edk Yrsm;udka&Smifyg/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf ¤if;Edk YxJwGif &ifaoG;udk tqdyfjzpfap Ed kifaom(od kY ) a&m* gul;pufapEd kifonf h tcsif;wd kifrS jzwfoef;0ifa&muf
Ed kifaom tpmtqdyfjzpfaponf h yd k;rsm;yg0ifaevd k YygbJ/
(14) vwfqwfaom MuufO? bJOrsm;ud kom a&G;cs,f wwfygap/
0d k if ;armf {jyD 14
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ud kifMuovJ? b,fypönf;awGud kxkwfovJ pwJ h tcsuftvufawGeJ Y vlawGodcsifodxdkufwJht&mawGud k pl;prf;avhvm&r,fvd kY ajymcsifwmyg/ tcsufvufawGud k rSwfÓPfeJ YrrSwfom;Ed kif&if rSwfpkpmtkyfav;wpftkyfeJ Y rSwfom;oif hw,f/ 'DtcsuftvufawGud kodzdk Ywpfckwnf;aomenf;vrf;uawmh rif;ud k tJ'DtaMumif;t&mawGajymjyEd kifr,f h tazmfwpfa,muf&Sdzd k Yvd kw,f/
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