BTY100-Lec#5.3Cloning

Outline

• Introduction to Cloning• Types of Cloning

• Reproductive Cloning• Therapeutic Cloning

• Problems

Cloning

Cloning

• Clone - Genetically identical copy, an exact replica of the other cell or organism.

• Cloning occurs in nature.

– bacteria – some plants – some simple animals

Hydra and Yeast budding

Types of Cloning

Cloning

Reproductive Cloning- Dolly Sheep

Reproductive cloning`• Dolly, was the first mammal to have been successfully cloned from an

adult cell.

• Dolly was formed by taking a cell from the udder of her biological mother.

• Her embryo was created by taking the cell and inserting it into a sheep ovum.

• The embryo was then placed inside a female sheep that went through a normal pregnancy.

• Because the effort showed that genetic material from a specific adult cell, can be reprogrammed to grow an entirely new organism

Cloned buffalo

• “Mahima” born from cloned buffalo “Garima” at NDRI, Karnal. A first Cloned buffalo delivers calf.

• The National Dairy Research Institute had earned worldwide acclaim for producing the world’s first buffalo cloned calf on August 22, 2010.

A CC (Carbon Copy) cat

Therapeutic Cloning

Therapeutic cloning is the procedure in which cells from the skin of the patient and are inserted into the fertilized egg, the nucleus of which has already been removed. The resulting cell is allowed to divide repeatedly so that a blastocyst is formed.

Stem cells are then extracted from this blastocyst and can be used for various purposes like growing tissues that match the patient’s own genetic makeup.

Many diseases like Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, and Parkinson’s disease can be treated with therapeutic cloning.

Purpose• To created patient specific organs so as to avoid transplant

rejection.

• It will also help to bridge the gap between the demand of organs transplants and the number of organs donated .

MAIN ADVANTAGE Patients DNA/ information is used

to created the organ and therefore the organs is easily accepted by the patient

Therapeutic cloning

Stem Cell- Cells present in the blastocyst

Problems• Therapeutic cloning creates embryos and then destroys them for stem cells,

which is morally wrong to some.

• Reproductive cloning is deemed morally wrong because it is creating a human life just to be a walking organ donor for the person after whom they were created.

Value of Human life….? Cloning will turn humans in nothing more than carriers of traits that others

find useful.