1452207693 452 Week 2 Lecture - Crime in Canada and Developmental Theory

7/24/2019 1452207693 452 Week 2 Lecture - Crime in Canada and Developmental Theory

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January 12, 2016Evan McCuish

Criminology 103: Week 2

Crime in Canada


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Inroducion o !heorie

"e#niions and !y$es


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Wha is a he

Inerrelaed se o& hy$oheses a'ou a$henomenon

($eci&y consrucs

"e#ne hese consrucs

)ro$ose ho* hese consrucs relae $henomenon


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!y$es o& heoricrimino

)eo$le are good+ hings have o ha$$en in heir lives &or crime o occur

Consensus heories e-g-, srain heory.

)eo$le are devian+ mus e/$erience cerain develo$mens o no commi

Conrol heories e-g-, social 'ond heory.

lank slae

earning heories e-g-, social learning heory.

gegraded risk &acors and *ihinindividual change

"evelo$menal heories e-g-, Mo45s dual a/onomy.


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Menal "isorder e7C

9aving a menal disorder

does no mean an oender isno res$onsi'le &or heir'ehavior

Im$eus is on he "E;E7CEo sho* ha on he 'alance

o& $ro'a'iliies, he menalillness causedhe crime

uca Magnoa hasschi


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Magnoa "ocumen

h$s:==***-youu'e-com=*achv>y'?&@MWds


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Esa'lishing Causal Mechanis7

Can a menal disorder 'e diagnosed%

I& here *as no menal disorder $rese

*ould he crime have occurred%

Mus #nd 7C8M"

AE(


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!hings you can ignore in

Bno* he C8 is and he limiaions o& o4csaisics

"o no *orry a'ou C8 saisics

"on5 *orry a'ou s$eci#c $ercenages, Dusundersand ha he maDoriy o& crimes are re$ored o $olice

8emem'er ha he maDoriy o& crime is

relaively minor

Crimes re$ored


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Bey !he

"e#niion o&Crime

Crime8aes=!rends+

Canadian Jusice

(ysem

ackground o&he )sychological

)ers$ecive

"e


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"e#ning Crime

"iereniaing anisocial andcriminal 'ehavior


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!his is a class on $sychological e/$lana*hy are *e sudying crime de#niion

Im$oran o kno* *ha i is *e arying o e/$lain 'e&ore rying

e/$lain i


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"e#niion o& C

Inenional: did no occuaccidenally or *ihou

Dusi#caion o& e/cuse

Inenional'ehavior inviolaion o& hecriminal code

ehaviors *rong in and hemselves

ehaviors ha violaesocial=culural norms

Mala in seversus mala

$rohi'ia

" # ii & i


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"e#niion o& anis'eha

iolaions o& social norms

sually a$$lied only o adolescen age 121. '

lcohol use is an anisocial 'ehavior &or adolescno &or adulsCrime is legally de#ned, anisocial 'ehavior is sode#ned


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Measuring Crime inCanada

(renghs and limiaions o&dieren sources


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@4cial 8e$

Easy o record he num'er o& arress, chargor convicions

9ighly relia'le

"ark #gure o& crime @nly ake he mos serious oense

u are hey valid%


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Crime 8aes in Can


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ndersanding crime r

Crime raes re$ored as num'er o& crimes ha occur100,000 $eo$leI& a ciy o& 10,000 has 100 crimes, ho* *ould *e e/$crime rae%I& a ciy o& 10,000 has 100 crimes, ho* many o& hese

are criminals%

FG6H o& all oenders accoun &or FG0H o& all crime


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Crime (everiy In

Crime rae may 'e goingdo*n, 'u is seriousnessincreasing%More serious crime carrieshigher *eigh han less

serious crimeWeighs are derived &romacual senences handedou


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icimi


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9al& o& cusodial senences 'y adul cours are less hmonh

(enences &or men usually longer han &or *omen

?-2H o& cusodial senences are 2 or more years a ;

senence.engh o& a senence has im$licaions &or assessmenreamen services

(enence e


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!his is a class on $sychological e/$lana*hy are *e &ocusing on oher heorie

Criminology is inerdisci$linary- Im$lies ha$sychological $ers$ecives $rovide an

incom$lee e/$lanaion- 7eed o kno* is lim


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"e#ning and caegori


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Consensus ersus Co!heo

E/$lain *hy individuals docommi crime Individuals naurally con&orm 9umans are generally good+ crime created E/am$le: (rain !heory

Consensus !heories

E/$lain *hy individuals do notcommi crime Individuals naurally noncon&ormis (omehing has o ha$$en opreventcrime E/am$le: (ocial ond !heory

Conrol !heories


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@her !y$es o& !heo

9umans 'orn neiher good nor evil!a'ula rasa 'lank slae E/am$le: (uherland5s "ierenial ssociaion !heor

earning !heories

More o& an a$$roach=*ay o& undersanding han a h )rovides a &rame*ork &or sudying he oher y$es o&

heories Ineresed in within-individual changeand age-g

risk &acors

"evelo$menal !heories


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!he $sychological$ers$ecive

"e#niions and com$arisons

Wha is ;ore


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Wha is ;ore)sychol

!he assessmen and managemen o&individuals *ho engage in criminal 'eh

uides legal decision making

Evidence-based practice


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(ociological versus $sychological e/$l

(ociological e/$lanaions Macro level heories- icrime as a largescale social $henomenon- ge, geand social class are key varia'les-

)sychological e/$lanaions Microlevel heories-

Im$orance o& sociali


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ink 'e*een )sychology and "evelo!

"evelo$menal a$$roach encom$asses $sychologicae/$lanaions

oh are ineresed in disinguishing 'e*een Lrais5 Lsaes5

(imilariies

"evelo$menal heories em$hasi


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"evelo$menal )ah*ays and !raDe

(e$$ing sones serious 'ehavior

)ah*ays:

ong erm $aer'ehavior

!urning $oins cahe course o& a

raDecory

!raDecory:

Mo45s "ual !raDec


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Mo4 s "ual !raDecM

"evelo$menal heory

s$eci&ying *o oendingraDecories

dolescenlimied: @endhrough social learning

i&ecourse $ersisen:

aiced 'yneuro$sychological de#cisand negaive &amily'ackground

12 13 1? 1G 16 1E 1N 10

1

2

3

?

G

6

Age

Annual number of conviction


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"evelo$menal 8isk ;ac

(ocial risk&acors

)arenal=&amilyrisk &acors

)sychologicalrisk &acors


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(ocial 8isk ;ac

Mos im$overished do no oend, 'u--- )overy increases he likelihood o& oher &acors e-g-, cr

ridden neigh'orhood. ha in urn increase he risk o&oending

)overy

"oes 'ad 'ehavior lead o $eer reDecion% @r, does $eer reDecion lead o 'ad 'ehavior Mos research su$$ors he noion ha 'ad 'ehavior lea

$eer reDecion 8eDecion 'y $rosocial $eers leads o associaion *ih

delinPuen $eers

)eer reDecion

)arening=;amily


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)arening=;amily ;ac

(ingle $arens are no L*orse5 $arens, sim$ly have lime o monior

)arening syles: auhoriaive, authoritarian, $ermand neglecting

)arenal $sycho$ahology=su'sance use im$acs

aachmen and 'onding creaes an/ious=am'ivalenavoidan child.

)arening

nisocial si'lings $rovide models &or engaging inanisocial=criminal 'ehavior

(i'lings


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)sychological 8isk ;ac

IQ, "9", C", @""

Cogniive risk &acors

)aul ;rick: C rais can 'e ideni#ed asearly as age 3

!*o y$es o& em$ahy: cogniive and

emoional

C rais=)sycho$ahy

Measuring C rai


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Measuring C raichil

Measuring C rai


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Measuring C raichil

Measuring C rai


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Measuring C raichil

Measuring C rai


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Measuring C raichil

Measuring C rai


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Measuring C raichil

Measuring C rai


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Measuring C raichil

) h ) h


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)ah*ay o )sycho$

"9"@$$osiional

"e#an "isorderConduc "isorder

(u'sance se"isorder

)


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8oughly NH o& he $o$ulaion

Includes inaenion, im$ulsiviy, and e/cemoor aciviy

!rou'le saying on ask, $oor school $er&or

Im$oran geneic com$onen

!rea "9" hrough drugs ha simulae 'rain

@$$osiional "e


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@$$osiional "e"iso

Conduc "iso


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Conduc "iso

8oughly 2NH o& he $o$ulaion

!*o y$es: childhood onse R 10. and adoonse

)ersisen mis'ehavior over ime

risk o& $eer reDecion

ll individuals *ih C" have @""

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1452207693 452 Week 2 Lecture - Crime in Canada and Developmental Theory