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Improving the seismic resistance of cultural

heritage buildings

P.B. Loureno, Daniel V. OliveiraUniversity of Minho

Guimares, Portugal

Pere RocaTechnical University of Catalonia

Barcelona, Spain

Claudio ModenaUniversity of Padova

Padova, Italy

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Buildings do not last for ever (I)

Veneza, 1902 Pavia, 1989 Noto, 1996

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Buildings do not last for ever (II)

Cathedral of Mexico-City

Cathedral of Porto

T1 T2

T3

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Tower of Pisa

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Buildings do not last for ever (III)

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G

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G 1755: One of the largest earthquakes in the world strikes Lisbon

(estimated magnitude 9.0)

Besides the lost buildings, among the cultural property losses are

reported:At the Trindade convent, various precious cult artefacts, organs and a large library

At the Carmo convent and church all it had of value was lost

At the S. Domingos convent, several precious furniture, silver and gold artefacts, and

several libraries with 15000 volumes in golden binding

At the S. Francisco monastery, all silver was melt and a library of 9000 volumes lost

At the Esprito Santo monastery, a precious diamond custody and the large library burnt to

ashes.

Carmo church ruins, Lisbon Santa Maria church, Beja

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Buildings do not last for ever (IV)

1990-2005 India suffered the effects of six destructive earthquakes

January 26, 2001, 7.9 Magnitude earthquake stroke Bhuj, Gujarat

Parag Mahal, Bhuj: Before and after the earthquake

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Framework

Masonry and timber are the oldest structural materials

Receive little attention in Architecture and Civil Engineering graduations,where steel and concrete seem to be the sole structural materials

Insufficient knowledge on traditional materials and techniques, result in

inefficient interventions...

Strong bias in the rehabilitation of existing constructions Incorrect safety assessment

Recent European timber and masonry codes (EC 5 and 6) are available,

together with recommendations

BSSC, Prestandard and commentary for seismic rehabilitation of buildings, FEMA 356, 2000.ICOMOS, Recommendations for the analysis, conservation and structural restoration of architecturalheritage, 2001.ISO, Basis for design of structures Assessment of existing structures, ISO 13822, 2003.CEN, Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance. Part 3: Strengthening and repair ofbuildings, prEN 1998-3:2004, 2004.

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ICOMOS METHODOLOGY

DATA ACQUISITION

Historical investigation (documents)

Survey of the structure=document

Field research and laboratory testing

Monitoring

STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOUR

Structural scheme: Model

Material characteristics

Actions

DIAGNOSIS AND SAFETY

Historical analysis

Qualitative analysis

Quantitative analysis

Experimental analysis

Explanatory

Report

REMEDIAL MEASURES

Masonry

Timber

Iron and steel

Reinforced concrete

Execution

Documents

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Asia-wide Programme: EU-INDIA ECONOMIC CROSS CULTURAL PROGRAMME

Project Title: IMPROVING THE SEISMIC RESISTANCE OF CULTURAL

HERITAGE BUILDINGS

Project Contract N:

Period:

ALA/95/23/2003/077-122JANUARY 19, 2004 DECEMBER 31, 2006

Project Leader: UNIVERSIDADE DO MINHO, PORTUGAL

Partners: TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF CATALONIA, SPAIN

CENTRAL BUILDING RESEARCH INSTITUTE, INDIAUNIVERSIT DEGLI STUDI DI PADOVA, ITALY

Case Studies: Monastery of Jernimos, Lisbon, Portugal

Cathedral of Palma Majorca, Spain

Qutb Minar, New Delhi, India

Cathedral of Reggio Emilia, Italy

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Summary

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The main objective of the project is the development of a socialand economic argument, at Indian-European level, to support anearthquake protection innovative program for cultural heritagemasonry buildings at risk. This will consider cultural heritagebuildings / monuments in an earthquake prone area in India,identify seismic input scenarios and specific vulnerability

features, produce a risk analysis with respect to different returnperiods, and study advanced upgrading and strengtheningtechniques. The Plan of Action is based on a multidisciplinaryapproach, entailing aspects of risk analysis, in situ survey andmonitoring, numerical analyses and the design/application ofinnovative strengthening strategies. The objective is to devise

strengthening strategies that, based on thorough knowledge ofthe traditional craft and material, can use modern materials andtechniques to prevent vibration borne damage to the structuresand to the decorative apparatus.Case study based approach.

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Case Studies (I)

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Monastery of Jeronimos, Lisbon, Portugal

World Heritage Site

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Case Studies (II)

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Cathedral of Majorca, Spain

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Case Studies (III)

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Reggio Emilia Cathedral, Italy

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Case Studies (IV)

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Qutb Minar, New Delhi, India

World Heritage Site

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Conference in New Delhi

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V International Conference on

Structural Analysis ofHistorical Constructions

November 6-8, New Delhi

More recent events:

Padova (2004) 350 participantsGuimares (2001) 500 participants

www.sahc2006.org
http://www.sahc2006.org/http://www.sahc2006.org/

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New International Journal

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Starting in 2007

Published by Taylor & Francis

http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/

15583058.asp
http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/15583058.asphttp://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/15583058.asphttp://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/15583058.asphttp://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/15583058.asp

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Highlight 1 Simplified Methods

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Different structural layouts

Simple and fast methods

of analysing the large

existing building stock

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15

10

Simplified Methods (I)

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One European sample

with 44 monuments

One Portuguese sample

with 55 monuments

19

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Simplified Methods (II)

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1

PGA / g

0.25

0.10

"SAFE"

"UNS

AFE"

0.03

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4

PGA/g

Threshold

Index 1 (X dir)

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4

PGA/g

Allindexes5c

Recommendations for:

In-plan indexes

Out-of-plan indexes

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Highlight 2 Monastery of Jernimos

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The crown asset

of Portuguese

heritage buildingsConstruction from 1499Built with limestone

Considerable

dimensions in plan,

more than 300 50 m2,

and an average height

of 20 m (50 m in thetowers).

Evolves around two

courts. The larger court

is bordered by a long

arcade of two levels

that hosts the

Ethnographic Museum

of Archaeology and the

Maritime Museum. The

smaller court or the

Cloister is bordered by

the Church, the

Sacristy, the Chapter

Room, the Refectory.

Th Ch h f

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ViewsCross-sections

The Church ofMonastery of Jernimos

3 4 6

5

5

1

2

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In-situ Investigation (I)

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Tiles removal for visual inspection

Wallets for supporting tiles (20th century)

Radar inspection

Ribs visual inspection

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In-situ Investigation (II)

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Detection of ties

Samples for physical / chemical analysis

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Plan of the nave

Nave cross-sections

In-situ Investigation (III)

Longitudinal cross-section Transept cross-section

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Tilting of the columns

In-situ Investigation (IV)

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GPR and UPV

in columns

In-situ Investigation (V)

.

Frequency [Hz]

0 5 10 15 20 25-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

Dynamic identification

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C2

TS5 TS4

TH

V

C1

TS2TS1

Strong motion on the roof

Strong motion

in the base

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NG

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NG

Monitoring

In-situ Investigation (VI)

Micro-zonation

c l : 1 :

r c : - -

n h u :

u r n :

i c h i r : l n _ nit r i c .

r m n n nh ri i il

m u ur m

- uim r

r if icu:

cri : nh :

:

TS1TS3

C2 C1

TS4 TS2

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Global Analysis

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NG

Full model with 135.000 dof

Modal superposition

Non-linear with equivalent

static loading

Load-displacement diagram

0.43

0.87

1.34

2.48

3.48

4.71

11.36

25.4922.60

16.11

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.3

0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00

Deformed mesh

Details

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Nave Analysis

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NG

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

Vertical displacement (m)

LoadFa

ctor

Column

Vault key

Load displacement diagram

Incremental deformed mesh

Non-linear Analysis:

Loading = Self-weightft = 0

fc, masonry = 6 N/mm2

fc, infill = 1 N/mm2

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Works in Progress

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NG Dynamic global study for safety assessment

Study of the possible placement of an organ in the upper choir (20 tons)

Proposal of remedial actions

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Highlight 3 Dissemination

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DVD freely distributed in Congress in India (November 2006)

Distribution of the database on multi-media support of structural

information on the 54 monuments in Europe and India

Preparation of a 15 minutes DVD professional video of the project

Design and validation of monitoring systems and sensors

State of the art for remedial techniques in historical structures, including a

comprehensive discussion on the case studies and a benchmark on

dynamic identification techniques and advanced structural analysis

Guidelines for seismic strengthening of historical structures

Development of a 3D virtual model for Qutub Minar, including building

process, flow of forces, possible structural collapse and strengthening

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Improving the seismic resistance of cultural

heritage buildings

P.B. Loureno, Project [email protected]

www.civil.uminho.pt/masonry - www.civil.uminho.pt/eu-indiaUniversity of Minho

Guimares

UNIVERS

ITYOFMINHO

mailto:[email protected]://www.civil.uminho.pt/masonryhttp://www.civil.uminho.pt/eu-indiahttp://www.civil.uminho.pt/eu-indiahttp://www.civil.uminho.pt/eu-indiahttp://www.civil.uminho.pt/eu-indiahttp://www.civil.uminho.pt/masonrymailto:[email protected]