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page 109-2014 ME
CMT Workshop 2014 Innovative applications of glass structures in the maritime industry
Glass – Products & Regulations
Michael Elstner
page 209-2014 ME
Company Introduction
Building with glass
Basic glass products
Further Processing
Regulations
The Next Step
Summary
Main Topics
2
page 509-2014 ME
BUILDING, AUTO & solar ACTIVITIES THROUGHOUT EUROPE
R&D Centre
BrusselsHQ
Commercial / Distribution
Production / Processing
page 609-2014 ME
• 11 locations
• ca. 1.200 employees
Overview - locations
3
page 709-2014 ME
Overview - Processes
Float manufacture Coating of basic glass Manufacture of insulating glass
Mechanical engineering
Float glass manufacture at
two locations in Germany
and France
Coating of basic glass at
four production locations
Coating for thermal
insulation and solar
control
Manufacture of insulating
glass and safety glass in
eight factories
Manufacture of coating
plants for own use and for
customers
page 809-2014 ME
Building with glass
4
page 909-2014 ME
Glass !
page 1009-2014 ME © Michael Elstner – 09-2012 page 10
Ferrari World, Abu Dhabi
© Aldar Properties
5
page 1109-2014 ME
© Aldar Properties
„Funnel“
page 1209-2014 ME
© Schindler Fassaden
Gutenberghof Hannover
6
page 1309-2014 ME
© Schindler Fassaden
Fixing detail
page 1409-2014 ME
© Schindler Fassaden
Vertical sketch of point fixing
7
page 1509-2014 ME
Qatar National Convention Centre (QNCC)
© QNCC-Qatar Foundation
page 1609-2014 ME
QNCC
© JAP
8
page 1709-2014 ME
100 mm
Insulating Glass Units – Blocking
page 1809-2014 ME
Structural Sealant Glazing
Typical symmetrical IG unit
© SIKA
“Toggle” Fixing
9
page 1909-2014 ME
© Otto Chemie & Uniglas
Glass as a structural element
page 2009-2014 ME
Requests …
10
page 2109-2014 ME
Aesthetics
Creative Structures / Geometries / Shapes
Colouring
Energy Efficiency– climatic properties adjusted to regional needs
Minimum cooling in summer large glass facades
Reducing the loss of heat in winter - however transmit light and energy
Comfort
Indoor Climate
„Flexible“ Product (flat, curved, design & function)
Other properties must be fulfilled at the same time (e. g. acoustic insulation, fire
rating)
Production / Logistics
Constructions
Demands on architectural glass
page 2209-2014 ME
Building with Glass
11
page 2309-2014 ME
Basic glass products
page 2409-2014 ME
Basic Glass Products Float Glass, Patterned Glass et al.
Pro
cess
edP
rodu
cts
Coated Glass, Mirrors, laminated glass, surface treatment, edge work etc.
Primary Processing
Secondary Processing
Glass with (additional) functions:Light- and Solar Properties, thermal and acoustic insulation
Safety GlazingDesign with Glass etc.
Glass products
Thermally toughened glass, heat strengthened glass, chemically
toughened glass, insulating glass units, enameled glass etc.
12
page 2509-2014 ME
Properties of Glass
Float glass annealed Heat strengthened glass Fully toughened glass
page 2609-2014 ME
Reference: Guidance for European Structural Design of Glass Components
Properties of Glass
13
page 2709-2014 ME
Properties of Glass
page 2809-2014 ME
oth d
Eγσ
Glass Type
Blast[MPa]
3-sec [MPa]
10-min [MPa]
60-min [MPa]
Permanent [MPa]
Annealed 80 (4-6mm)
70 (8mm +)
18.3 13.2 11.7 5.7
H.Strength 100-120 36.5 30.9 29.2 20.3
Toughened 180-250 73.0 65.3 63.0 49.4
Reference: Mike Crossly Consultant on Glass
Properties of Glass
Extract from ASTM E2571-12 : (Laminated glass walkways)
14
page 2909-2014 ME
Laminated Glass
Guardian Glass / AGC Interpane
page 3009-2014 ME
Types of interlayer:(1) Polyvinyl butyral (PVB)
- most commonly available in industry- manufactured in autoclave at elevated Temp and pressure- available in coloured and printed form- Glass transition temperature, 230C
(2) Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA)- cured at elevated Temp with no need of autoclaving- good durability and edge stability- increased stiffness for load sharing & security
(3) Cast-in-Place (CIP)- 2 part liquid pour interlayer- suited to small volume & specialist artwork type applications- better able to cope with toughened and curved glass
(4) Structural Ionomer interlayers – e.g. Sentry Glass Plus
Product Types – Laminated Glass
15
page 3109-2014 ME
Active safety:
Protection of people and material assets against attacks
Passive safety:
Protection of people against injuries due to the glass product
Constructive Safety
Remaining load capacity & Remaining structural safety
Fully tempered and laminated safety glass
Safety Glazing
page 3209-2014 ME
Insulating Glass Units
16
page 3309-2014 ME
Design follows function !?
Thermally Toughened Glass & Heat Strengthened Glass
Laminated Glass
Design Function
Ceramic digital printing Ceramic screen printing Sand blasting Design Coatings Groove grinding Photo laminates Dichroic film laminates Colored laminated safety
glass Glass doors Fusing Spandrel Units
Security glazing for persons and buildings:
Resistance to manual attack Bullet resistant security glazing Resistance to explosion
Safety glass for the ship, automotive ortrain industry
Alarm glass Flooring glassFitting systems
Showers All glass door systems Canopy Systems
Heatable glass Switchable Glass Acoustic Insulation
page 3409-2014 ME
Application Areas
Related to German regulations
17
page 3509-2014 ME
Further Processing
page 3609-2014 ME
Further Properties of or with Glass
www.aida.com
18
page 3709-2014 ME
Glass ….
Float annelaeled 6mm
Heat Strengthened Glass 8 mmDesign: Structured Metal Coating
PVB interlayerHeat Strengthened Glass 8 mm
Solar Control Coating
Cavity 16 mm ArgonLow E Coating
PVB interlayerFloat annelaeled 6 mm
#1
#2
#4a
#3
#5
#6
#7
#8
Design: Ceramic frit grey#4b
page 3809-2014 ME
High Performance Coatings against performance data
Light Transmission (L)
Solar Factor SC Impression
Colour Absorption, Reflexion
Energy Absorption, Reflexion
SelectivityS = L / SC
Ug
19
page 3909-2014 ME
Principal Types
I. Thermal Insulation Glazing • High solar factor (g value)• High visible light transmission V
II. Solar control Glazing • On cooling load adjusted solar factor (g value)• Maximized light transmission- depending on the solar factor
Basically:• Good thermal insulation = low Ug-Value
Additional Requirements:
III. Optimized Triple Glazing („passive house“)• Reduced Ug-Value < 0,9 W/(m²K) at a
maximized solar factor & light transmission
Thermal Insulation & Solar Control
page 4109-2014 ME
Examples for a semi-finished glass product
Glass with an improved optical appearance or
anti slip resistance
Fully toughened glass or heat strengthened glass
Laminated glass with or without PV cells
Insulating Glass Units with or without laminated
glass
Basic glass products
cutting grinding drilling
Production limits for design and construction
Curved glass Mould; curving furnace
Coating facilityCoatingsCeramic Frit
Tempering & HST furnace
Tempering
AutoclaveLaminated glass
IGU facilityInsulating glass units
acc. Siebert/Maniatis
20
page 4209-2014 ME
Geometry / Shape (tolerances)
Type of Glass
Dimensions
Complexity of glass configuration
Sequence of coatings / printings
Manufacturing Process
Process parameters
ΣQuality is the sum of the following factors (e.g.)
Quality
page 4309-2014 ME
Regulations
21
page 4409-2014 ME
Basic requirements for construction works and essential characteristics of construction products
European Assessment Document (EAD)
Mandate of the European Commission
The basic documents - Are indicating the basic requirements for construction works
- Are defining the requirements for building products
EUROPEAN CONSTRUCTION PRODUCTS REGULATION EU CPR
Harmonized European standard European Technical Assessment (ETA)
page 4509-2014 ME
Standards, Regulations and Guidelines
Product Application
Product & Testing Standardstechnical rules for planning,
design and building of construction works and their parts
Additional Guidelines for installation, assessment of the visual quality, applications and use of glass products etc. :
Manufacturer Glazing Guidelines and Standards of the different glass, window and facade associations
Additional Regulations:Safety Rules for public buildings
Rules for the use and application of glass from the federal craft guild
22
page 4609-2014 ME
European Standardization
Figure 1-1 European code environment for the preparation of the Scientific and Policy Report for Structural Glass with regard to the “three columns” of codification
Reference: Guidance for European Structural Design of Glass Components
page 5009-2014 ME
Basic glass products
Processed glass products
Testing and calculation methods
Installation
Further Standards related to Sound insulation Thermal calculations Light and solar radiant heat factors Fire resistant glass Windows and façade systems
Classification of Standards & Guidelines
23
page 5109-2014 ME
Technical rules for linear supported glazing (TRLV)
Technical rules for barrier glazing (TRAV)
Technical rules for point fixed glazing (TRPV)
DIN 18516 part 4 “Back-ventilated, non-loadbearing, external
enclosures of buildings, made from tempered safety glass panels;
requirements and testing”
DIN V 11535 part 1 “Greenhouses – Construction and Calculation”
NEW: DIN 18008 – part 1 to 5
Technical construction regulations Standards and Rules for the application of glass
page 5209-2014 ME
Basis of Design
Reference: Guidance for European Structural Design of Glass Components
24
page 5409-2014 ME
Part 1: Terms and general basics
Part 2: Linearly supported glazing
Part 3: Point-fixed glazing
Part 4: Additional requirements for barrier glazing
Part 5: Additional requirements for glazing accessible for public
Part 6: Additional requirements for glazing accessible for maintenance
(under progress)
Part 7: Special structures (under progress)
DIN 18008, Glass in building —Design and construction rules consists on the following parts:
page 5609-2014 ME
The next Step
25
page 5709-2014 ME
Coating Processes also bigger !?
6000 [mm]
3210 [mm]
page 5809-2014 ME
„Giga Lites"
26
page 5909-2014 ME
From „small“ to „big“… „Giga Lites“ – 3210 mm x > 6000 mm
page 6009-2014 ME
Summary
27
page 6109-2014 ME
Size – what is the status quo?
14 000 mm
3200 mm
page 6209-2014 ME
Novartis Building 1, East Hanover, New Jersey USA
28
page 6309-2014 ME
Novartis Building 1, East Hanover, New Jersey USA
IGU1197 mm x 7068 mm
Outer Pane:10 mm HS „low iron“Cavity: 14 mm, Stainless SteelInner Pane:VSG 88.4 „low iron“
iplus neutral 70/39
page 6409-2014 ME
Glass – flat or curved – can be used in exterior as well as in interiorapplications
In the building industry triple or multiple layer insulating glassrepresent the future trend on high technical demanding applications
Different requirements can be met with the material glass andparticularly with thin film coatings, and also if glass is used as shipglazing
Glass as an structural element will be the future
It is important for architects, planners, clients and glass consultantsto work together from an early stage to reach a solution that meetsall the requirements
Summary
29
page 6509-2014 ME
Buildings on the Sea!?
Detail.de – Alexander Remizow
Yacht Island
page 6609-2014 ME
Thank you for your attention!
Any questions?
30
page 6709-2014 ME
InterpaneBeratungsCenter IBCInterpane Consultancy Service
Beratungscenter für Fenster- und Fassadenbau an advice centre for façade and window construction
für Architekten, Ingenieure, Planer, Verarbeiter und institutionelle Bauherrn aus dem In- und Ausland for architects, engineers, planners, processors, and institutions
commissioning building projects both in Germany and abroad
Kontaktdaten IBC / contact details for the IBC
Plattling Tel. +49 (0) 9931 950 229 Fax +49 (0) 9931 950 236
Lauenförde Tel. +49 (0) 5273 809 130Fax +49 (0) 5273 809 136
eMail: [email protected]
page 6809-2014 ME
www.interpane.comwww.yourglass.com
© Please note that all illustrations and images are protected by copyright.
The presentation was drawn up with the best intentions.
We accept no liability for any errors that may be contained in it.