Upload
leocadiomecom
View
223
Download
2
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/6/2019 14001 Glossary
1/12
ISO 14001
Glossary of Terms
Def ining t he terms
you need t o know
U
N
DE
R
STA
N
D
IN
G
TH
E
TER
M
IN
O
LO
G
Y
8/6/2019 14001 Glossary
2/12
Understanding the complex terminology
relat ing t o ISO 14001 and Environmental
Management Systems (EMS) can be a real challenge
to those involved in implementation projects,
especially when new to the subject area. BSI has
compiled this list of the commonly used terms
and their definit ions to help.
I S O 1 4 0 0 1
8/6/2019 14001 Glossary
3/12
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT SYSTEMSManagement System this is the manner in w hich an element of your
organization is managedit could be qualit y, environmental,
information security, or health and safety. Because they can be
systemized, they can be standardized, benchmarked, assessed and
therefore reviewed and improved.
Environmental Management System (EMS) this is a common sense,
documented system that ensures consistency and improvement of
working practices that have an impact on the environment.
Standard a document produced by an int ernational committee of
experts sett ing the guidelines on how things should be done.
ISO International Organization for Standardizat ion responsible for
coordinating and publishing ISO 9000, ISO 14001 and otherinternational standards.
ISO 14001 the standard that sets out the requirements for an
effective Environmental Management System. An organization gains
registration to this standard.
Registration/Certification this is what you achieve when you pass the
registration assessment. An accredited third party assesses your EMS
against the requirements of the standard. BSI prefers to use the term
registration, as certi f ication is of ten misunderstood to mean t hat each
product or service is guaranteed.
Assessment a verif ication of the effectiveness of the EMS operated
by an organization. This involves careful examinat ion of the aspects,
regulatory or other requirements, operational controls, monitoring
processes and environmental management projects that allow it to
prevent pollut ion and achieve cont inual improvement , in accordance
with the requirements of ISO 14001.
1
Understanding
the
Term
inology
8/6/2019 14001 Glossary
4/12
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION ANDREGISTRATIONRegistrar or Certification/ Registration Body (CRB) an independent
body who visits your organizat ion to determine the effectiveness of
your EMS and assess whether you are doing the things that you say you
do. A good registrar will not only perform a thorough assessment of
your system, but will also highlight , where appropriate, areas for
improvement . Af ter a successful init ial assessment , your registrar w ill
award you a certificate, and will periodically reassess your system to
ensure it cont inues to meet the requirements of the standard.
Assessor/auditor a qualif ied expert, preferably with experience
in your industry, who visits your organization and assesses what
you do, and how it is planned and controlled through your
management system. At BSI we use the term Client Manager.
Accreditation this is the means that an authoritative body (such as the
ANAB or SCCsee definit ion below) uses to give formal recognit ion
that an organization (such as a registrar) is competent to carry out
specific tasks. Accreditation provides assurance to a registrars
customers that the registrar continues to operate according to
internationally accepted criteria (such as ISO Guide 66see definition
below). Some registrars operate without accredit ation, so obviously
there is nobody checking that t hey are doing a good job.
ISO Guide 66 this is the document that sets out how registrars should
go about assessing companies to ISO 14001. It includes guidelines on
the number of days we should spend assessing different sizes, types
and complexity of organizations.
ANAB (The ANSI-ASQ National Accreditation Board) and SCC
(Standards Council of Canada) the primary accreditation bodies in
North America (see previous)they allow us to issue you w ith a
certificate, and they carry out a similar assessment on us as we do on
you. EMAthe Mexican equivalent , InMetrothe Brazilian equivalent.
2
U
nderstanding
the
Term
inology
8/6/2019 14001 Glossary
5/12
3
Consultant will help you to implement your EMS effectively. They can help
you design, write and implement your management system in accordance
with the standard, or they can perform a regulatory compliance audit for
you to meet the requirements of element 4.5.2 of the standard, providing
you with immediate assistance.
Software there is a great deal of sof tware out there to help you to
implement your management system in the first place and to manage your
documentat ion and processes in an ongoing situation.
Training classroom and tailored training courses are available to help
improve the knowledge and skills of employees, before or after registrationis sought. BSI offers a wide range of classes from an introduction to an EMS
aimed at senior management, to detailed EMS lead auditor qualif ications
for day to day practitioners and system managers.
State or Provincial Department of Environmental Quality or Department of
Natural Resources many states and provinces provide assistance to
organizations that wish to implement an EMS through their Envoronmental
Assistance Division. This may be provided in the form of training or how-to manuals, consult ing, or classroom t raining.
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMEnvironmental Policy shall be defined by top management and written so
that i t is appropriate to the size and nature of the organization. It should
include a commitment to comply with legal and other requirements and
cont inually improve the effectiveness of the EMS in the prevent ion of
pollution. It provides a framework for establishing objectives and
environmental management programs. It should be communicated and
understood within the organization, and reviewed for continuing
suitability.
Environmental Aspects these are activities, products, and services that can
interact with the environment, causing impact (see below). An organization
will have hundreds, maybe even thousands of aspects, depending on its
size and complexity.
8/6/2019 14001 Glossary
6/12
Significant Aspects these are those aspects that can most put the
organization at risk. Simple organizations of limited complexity may
have only ten or twelve signif icant aspects. More complicated
organizations can have dozens of signif icant aspects.
Environmental Impacts the effects that an environmental aspect can
have on the environmentwhether posit ive or negative. Posit ive
impacts can be acknowledged and supported, negative impacts should
be managed, and where possible reduced or eliminated.
Environmental Target a measurable step or goal in an organizations
environmental improvement progress.
Environmental Performance an organizations track record in
pollut ion prevention, the results of ongoing operational controls, and
objective evidence of cont inual improvements.
Environmental Objectives the organizations strategic planning and
environmental policy provide a framework f or the sett ing of
environmental objectives. The objectives should be measurable in
order to facilit ate an effective and eff icient review by management.
Consideration must be given to significant aspects, legal and other
requirements as well as the views of interested part ies in sett ing
objectives.
Procedure a procedure out lines what needs to be done to complete a
task. It is a flow of activity that describes who does what, in what
order and t o what requirements. Procedures should be writ ten as
support for your business processes. Collectively the procedures make
up your EMS, and must be effectively linked. Procedures will describe
how an organization operates and controls its business, and meets the
requirements of the standard.
Work Instructions provide more detail than described in the
procedures. The complexity of an organization helps it to determine
whether detailed work instructions are needed in addit ion to
4
U
nderstanding
the
Term
inology
8/6/2019 14001 Glossary
7/12
procedures. Many organizations include work instructions to aid in
training, clarify how a job is done, and to reduce mistakes.
Process any activit y or set of activit ies that use resources and/or result sin by-products or waste streams. Some processes are regulated, but not
all. One example of a process is manufacturing of paper. This would use
raw materials in the forms of t rees, chemicals, water, and energy. The
process produces a number of environmental impacts, including scrap,
wastewater, sludge and air emissions.
Plan Do Check Act a
fairly common sense, closed-loop process of planning,
doing, checking and t hen
acting to cont inually improve
the EMS. This model f orms
the basis for much of the
strategy embodied in ISO
14001.
Internal audit when a member of staff , or a cont racted consultant,
regularly audits the systems and procedures in place in an organization.
An Environmental Engineer may do this to see if the EMS is being
followed, maintained and is effective.
ISO 14000 Series this series of over 20 standards covers all elements of
Environmental Management Systems. The key standards in the series
are:
ISO 14001:2004 Environmental Management Systems
requirements (see definition above)
ISO 14004:2004 General guidelines on principles, systems and
support ing t echniques for Environmental Management Systems
ISO 19011:2002 Guidelines on Qualit y and Environmental
Management System audit ing
5
Source: ISO 14001:2004
Environmental M anagement System for ISO 14001
EnvironmentalPolicy
Planning
Implementationand Operation
CONTINUALIMPROVEMENT
Checking andCorrective Action
ManagementReview
8/6/2019 14001 Glossary
8/12
THE ASSESSMENTPre assessment this is an optional service to ensure t hat an
organization is ready for full assessment . It can be viewed as a dry runto make sure that t here will be no major barriers to achieving
registration. It may cover any processes or methods requested by the
organization t o ensure their readiness for registration. 98% of all
clients that use this service go on to pass their initial assessment if all
the information supplied to them is addressed prior to the initial
assessment.
Initial assessment Unlike the registration of a qualit y system, the f irstfull assessment of an EMS is done in two parts, or stages:
Stage 1 consists of a review of the documented system and a
review of the site to see if all operations have been identif ied and
addressed in the planned arrangements. Records reviewed include
the aspect analysis, the internal audit s, management review
minutes and the evidence that a regulatory compliance audit has
been completed. This ensures adequate structure is implementedand that t he organization is ready to proceed to Stage 2. The
audit team will also collect suff icient information to prepare for
the Stage 2 audit.
Stage 2 is of ten referred to as the implementation assessment.
During Stage 2, the assessment team w ill ensure that all planned
arrangements are being met by the organization. If t his goes well
and only minor non-conformit ies are identif ied, the organizationwill be recommended for registration/ certi f ication. This will be
dependent on t he organization supplying a corrective action plan
to close down the minor non-conformit ies. Upon an acceptable
independent review, the certi f icate of registration w ill be issued.
Opening/Closing meeting the formal meetings at the beginning and
the end of an assessment between the organization and the
assessment team. The opening meeting sets the scene, confirms the
6
U
nderstanding
the
Term
inology
8/6/2019 14001 Glossary
9/12
schedule and expectations of the assessment. The closing meeting
addresses the f indings and makes recommendations for improvement .
Opportunities for improvement (OFI) writ ten comments provided byassessors to organizations pointing out weaknesses in the system that
may lead to f uture nonconformit ies.
Nonconformity when the assessor sees something in an EMS that
doesnt meet the standards requirements, it is called a nonconformity.
The term Nonconformity should not be confused with
Noncompliance , which is a failure to meet an environmental legal
or regulatory requirement.
Minor nonconformity where there is a single lapse in following
a procedure that does not affect the overall integrity of the system.
Major nonconformity a failure to implement and maintain a
required EMS element ; identif ication of a regulatory non-
compliance coupled with a failure to take suitable correct ive
action, or a series of minor non-conformances, which when viewed
as a whole, show a breakdow n of part or whole of the EMS.
Corrective action action taken to eliminate the causes of a
nonconformity in order to prevent recurrence.
Preventive action action taken to avoid the occurrence of a
nonconformity.
Certificate of registration awarded follow ing recommendation after
the init ial assessment , and maintained t hrough cont inuing assessments
and reassessments.
Scope of registration a precise definit ion of an organizations
activit ies that are the subject of assessment . While a Qualit y
Management System registrat ion can be restricted to certain
manufacturing or service activit ies, an EMS registration must cover all
act ivit ies from fenceline-to-fenceline.
7
8/6/2019 14001 Glossary
10/12
Appendix support ing sheets to a certi f icate that define the activit ies
and locations assessed and cert if ied under one EMS.
Continuing assessment the periodic (every 6 months, or otherwisedefined) visits a registrar makes to an organization to ensure they are
st il l using the EMS effectively. At each visit a sample of your business
processes and certain critical elements which can be considered as
system inf rastructure are reviewed. This infrastructure consists of an
organizations aspect analysis, objectives and targets, internal audits,
management review(s) and corrective action requirements from the
previous visit.
Reassessment BSIs review of an organizations whole system and
past performance that allows them to retain their registration. Posit ive
assessment history can allow for the organization to gain continued
registration without addit ional days of assessment beyond that of
their normal periodic assessment schedule. We look back at lessons
learned, and the changes and trends. We also look forward and link
an organizations EMS to its business plan. We seek to add value by
helping the organization meet its own goals and objectives as a
business.
BSI Registered Logo this is the unique BSI logo recognized
worldwide, which can only be used by BSI registered clients to
promote their registration. Examples of where our clients use the logo
include company vehicles, letterheads, business cards, and company
literature.
Accreditation Marks the marks associated w ith the accredit ation
bodies that monitor the registrars activit ies. These marks can only be
used in conjunction with the registrars logo.
8
U
nderstanding
the
Term
inology
ISO 14001EMS 12345
ISO 14001EMS 12345
8/6/2019 14001 Glossary
11/12
FEE STRUCTUREApplication Fee this is a one-time, non-refundable payment to cover
the administrative costs of advancing an application.
Assessment fee this is the charge for the assessors time. This is
worked out on a daily basis. An organization is charged based on how
many days the assessor spends at their location, as defined by ISO
Guide 66.
Expenses the t ravel costs associated w ith the assessor coming to a
clients location. BSI also offers an all-inclusive assessment fee, so the
client does not have to pay the expenses on top. This makes it much
easier to budget, as the client always knows how much a BSI
assessment is going to cost.
Report fee a fee that some registrars charge in addit ion to the
assessment visit so a client can receive a report of what went on either
during the pre, init ial or cont inuing assessment visit . BSI does not
charge extra for this, as it is part of the normal assessment .
Annual Management fee a cost per year for t he work we have to do
when we are not visiting a clients site. Primarily, the planning and
preparation for visits and maintaining the accreditation that
safeguards the credibil ity of you registration.
BSI is the worlds leading management systems
registrar, having registered over 45,000 companies
worldwide to ISO 9000 and ISO 14001. BSI of fers a range of
services for companies seeking to f ind out more or become
registered, including training, guidance publications,
purchasing standards and registration. For further
information on BSIs services, please call 1 800 862 4977.
BSI also offers further guidance documents to help you get the most
out of your management system. These free documents are availablefor download at:www.bsiamericas.com/getthemost
8/6/2019 14001 Glossary
12/12
BSI Management SystemsUSA
12110 Sunset Hills RoadSuite 200Reston, VA 20190USA
Tel: 1 800 862 4977
703 437 9000Fax: 703 437 9001
BSI Management SystemsCanada
17 Four Seasons PlaceSuite 102Toronto, ON M9B 6E6Canada
Tel: 1 800 862 6752
416 620 9991Fax: 416 620 9911
shape the future
BSIUSA32/MS/0205/E
I S O 1 4 0 0 1
U N D E R S T A N D I N G T H E T E R M I N O L O G Y
E n v i r o n m e n t a l
M a n a g e m e n t
S y s t e m s
BSI Group: Standards Information Training Inspection Testing Assessment Certification