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14 English Topics
EXAM PRACTICE
vocabularyuse of English
reading & speaking. .
wr1t1ngword bank
with kry
~~~ KMs=wMUZIEJUS
Kaisiadorys 2006
politejealousstubbornpessimistic
communicativeself-confidenthard-workingnarrow-minded
rudenervousgenerousmiserable
1 Mike and Susan are Ruth and David's .2 Nick and Carol are Susan's .3 Maria is Phil and Virginia's .4 David is Tom's .5 Lucy is Mike and Susan's .6 Nick is Tom's .7 Lucy is Tom's .8 Steve is Phil and Virginia's .9 Phil and Virginia are Lucy's .10 Ruth is David's .11 Tom is Steve's .12 Nick, Lucy and Steve are .13 Ruth is Carol's .14 David is Phil's .15 Carol is Lucy's .
funnycaringoutgoingforgetful
activeloyallazyarrogant
ambitiousindustriousill-breadcalm
1 He was always very as a child and hated going to parties or meeting new people.2 If you lend me the money, I'll be very .3 Mary's father was too and never allowed his teenage daughter to wear make-up.4 I wish you should grow up. You're so .5 A good friend is someone who is kind, considerate and totally .6 I wish I were as as Paul. He makes up stories to read to the children at bedtime without the least effort.7 Shirley hates waiting for anything. She's so .8 Ruth is a girl, always looking at herself in mirrors and thinking how fine she is.9 I think I won't go to the party and stay here on my own, I'm not feeling very today.10 My parents don't mind my crazy hair style. They are very .
shoulder-lengthover sixteenin hisfher earty thirtiesoroaQ-shOU\QeleQmiddle-agedin his/her late forties
teenagerstraight
welL-buiLtplumptrnnhandsome
wavy thick dark-eyedfashionable under five blondeplaited smart attractiveoverweight sfun Q)'eQcurl)' aQult pensioner
Age
Build
1 Read the text carefully. Each line has a missing word. Use the words from the box to complete thesentences. Use the word only once. Put a stroke ( / ) in the place where a word is missing. Write themissing word next to the number of the line. The first has been done for you.
I envy people who can say / they are in a few simple words.For me, not easy. Nationality? Well ... I have two passports.English or American, or other way around - for I wasborn in Alabama, but have lived most my life in England.Occupation? I'm ex-everything. A director of a largeadvertising agency, a theatre press officer, a porter in hospital,a broadcaster, a cookery writer. One summer I even worked acowboy. When things really got desperate, I sank to ateacher of English foreign students.Since that the job I actually liked best, let's say I'm an ex-teacher, now a freelance writer. I'm very sociable, perhapsI'm happiest alone, reading a book. I as tall as a basketballplayer, but I hate all sports swimming. Now, if I've confusedyou, imagine it's like being me.
o ...•Y)JP .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 .10 .11 .12 .13 .
2 Read the passage from Rachel's interview. If the lines are correct, put a tick (/) next to the numberof the line. If the line has a word that shouldn't be there, underline the extra word and write it next tothe number of the line, a~ in the example.
I grew up in the north London and by the age of five I knew what Iwanted to do and was determined to do it. In fact, I was a typical girliegirl: I dressed up for in my mum's high heels, I used to wear make-up,I was going to the ballet classes and was already in love with myfirst boyfriend.I have fond memories of my school days but I do remember coming inhome crying on occasions. I wasn't majorly popular at the school. Inever suffered physical bullying but I put up with about some bitchy,catty comments. There are so many different sides of bullying and it'sall terrible, whether it's mental or physical. It affects to you no matter
o ..JM .00 :f .1 .
what form it takes. I guess I was a lucky because I could always talkwith my parents about it.At the 15 I was an average student. My parents always told me to domy best and that's all that mattered.As soon as I turned 17, I have passed my driving test and my life tookoff. I finished my business course at college and then I left towork for a film company. I still live at the home which may sound abit sad, but my parents have been so too cool that I have never felt theneed to get away from them. I have my independence, I have my car,so I for basically do what I want. I'm so happy at the moment I can't tell you.
0: 1 What is..y,o.lJx. ~umame , please?P: Poloni.0: 2 •.••••••••••••.•.....•••••••••..••••....•...•••.........••••• ?P: It's Alberto.0: 3.................•.......•.......•..................•........ ?P: 22"d June 1972.0: 4 ................••.•••........•.••.•.••••••••.•••..••••••.... ?P: I'm Italian.0: ?P: I'm a mechanic.
6 ...........................•••..........•.................... ?P: I'm divorced, my wife and two children live
in France.0: 7 ...•....•...•..•.......•••••.•............................... ?
910 .1112131415161718
P: I finished secondary school in 1990 with GCSEin six subjects.
0: One more question please. 8 ?P: I speak German and French fluently and under-
stand Polish.0: 9 ....•......•....................................................... ?P: Well, I'm very keen on basketball and enjoy gar-
dening as well.0: I see. 1O .•...•••••••••••.••••••••.•••••••.•••.••••••.••••••••••••••.• ?P: I'm going to stay here for fourteen months.0: 11.•••...•...•.••••...••.....••••.......••••.•....••••...••.....••. ?P: It's 14 Venecia Street, Rome.0: 12 .•••.••.•••.•......••..••••...........•..•.••..•••.•••..•........ ?P: It's 62 London Road, Brighton.
READING and SPEAKING
Read the biography of Linda Smith and makea chart for her as it is shown in Part b.
b) Read the chart for Tony Denison and tellhis biography as it has been done in Part a.
Linda Smith, a famous singer and star of the Top Twenty,vas born in Bristol in 1960. Her parents originally came
from Ireland. Linda's father was a Customs Officer in theBri tol docks. He died a few years ago. Her mother was a, ousewife. Linda, who has two sisters, grew up in the suburbsof Bristol. She started her education at a local school and
en moved to a large, modern comprehensive school inother part of the city. After leaving school when she was
I . Linda went to Bristol University for three years to studyruslOry and economics. While she was at university, Linda. ined a university folk group and started singing. It was at- . rime that she wrote her famous song 'Let's Hope'. Soon
- "'rfinishing her university career Linda joined another groupbegan to earn money with her songs. When she was 21,
~ da was married to Ivor Jones who also was a student.a and Ivor have three children - a daughter, Eve, and
o ons. Daniel and Mark. For several years the Jones family- e been living in a beautiful farm house in the country
Bristol, but recently they decided to leave Bristol:: O\'e to Florida.
Background - born Edinburgh, Scotland1938. Father novelist, mother teacher.Parents from Wales originally. Only child.
Later education - Edinburgh High Schoolfor boys.
Early career - journalist in Edinburgh, laterLondon.
Later career - still writing successful books(all bestselIers).
Other information - won the 'BestDetective Srory Writer of the Year' awardin 1977. Married - wife dead now.
2 Nine sentences have been removed from the text Sun, Sea ... and Surf Wax on p. 8-9. Study the sentencesA-J and choose the one that fits each gap 1-8. There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.
A My friends consider me to be a sociable person.B I get on with all my family, but especially my mum.e So I ended up staying in on a Saturday night.D I've won sackloads of competitions and now it's a way of life for me.E I'd rather have a proper conversation because flirting makes me feel an idiot.F He is the greatest - he's only one and he's mental.
•G I love Newquay, but I'm not sure I want to live here all the time.R He's one of my best friends.I I've been trying to stay in because I need to get fit but what's a boy to do when his mates go out all the time?J I can be a loner sometimes because I like to really think about things .
(line 6)(line 7)(line 13)(line 15)(line 23)(line 26)(line 29)(line 30)
· .. the surf would be phenomenal.... I'm a complete addict.· .. cruising round the town.· .. most of them dress to the nines.... he's always on the pull.... without putting on a front.· .. totally geared towards pulling.Rich was in his element ...
(line 30)(line 35)(line 37)(line 42)(line 45)(line 78)(line 81)
... he's got the gift of the gab ...· .. a girl scored high ...· .. I plucked up the nerve to speak ...· .. cake on the make-up.... this girl definitely perked up ...The surfing lifestyle's unbeatable ...... who I can hang out ...
4 Find these phrasal verbs in the text and underline them, then use them in the correct form to completethe given sentences.
1 Why are the policemen in such a rush? - I think they the thief.2 Smelly feet definitely will the other people .3 How can you expect to make friends when you and only read books all the time?4 Mrs Morgan her neighbour since the time she came here; they are similar in character.5 Can you guess who I yesterday quite unexpectedly?6 I want to have the evenings free for with my friends.
SUN, SEA •.. AND SURF WAXMeet Josh Knowles, an 18-year-old champion surferfrom Newquay, who's agreed to let us in on what he thinksabout life, love and being single. Brace yourself - you'reabout to discover how a boy's mind really works.
5 Friday 9 am. Looked out of the window this morningand just knew the surf would be phenomenal. I've beensurfing since I was eight years old and I'm a completeaddict. [Q]Q=:J Surfing and girls - the two most importantthings in the world. Just joking!
10.30 am. Bumped into a couple of surfer friends atFistral Beach. Looks like it's going to be a big night outtonight! ~ Newquay is a real party place, and meand my mates like nothing better than cruising round thetown. There are so many girls around on a Saturday night
15 but most of them dress to the nines. I prefer chilled-outsurfer girls and you've got to search hard to find them -even in Newquay. Had a good surf by the way.
6 pm. My friend Rich came round to have a few beersand we played with my dog Riley~ He is my little
sister Jade's dog but all my family love him. Rich is afellow surfer. We've travelled all over the world togetherentering competitions. He's girl mad. When we go outhe's always on the pull. As for m~. I'm tired of chattingup girls (and getting no\ here). I wouldn't mind having a
25 proper girlfriend who I auld spend time with withoutputting on a front or feeling n~rvous. Who knows, maybeI'll find someone toni~ ?
9 pm. We ended a: a ar called Springbok, one ofthose places which is 0 y geared towards pulling. Richwas in his eleme (- ~'- go' rhe gift of the gab and cantalk to anyone . g. whereas I tend to holdback.~ spots rhe girl he likes, he callsher 'ripe'. as i - . look at her, she's ripe!' It's ahorrible ph; -~ - i but it's a Rich favourite.
35 A chee.~· •'-' g behind the bar scored highon Ri h's ':-:r he disappeared to try hislu k ,i- '-~ . --- _ ;::,cO e I plucked up the nerve to
~ ~- :.: .: - 0 .e was quite nice, but only to
look at. As soon as she opened her mouth, she bored mesenseless. I think that's the problem with girls my age:they think all they need to do is put on a short skirt andcake on the make-up. I don't meet many girls who areattractive on the inside as well, but that's what I'm after.Newquay girls think it's cool to go out with a surfer and
45 this one definitely perked up when I let slip my surfingcredentials. That completely turned me off! I don't knowwhy girls like surfers. We're just normal guys at the endof the day.
11.30 pm. Finally left Rich to it and walked homegirlless. It was a beautiful night with tons of stars in thesky. ~ I want to see more of the world - hopefullythrough surfing. I fell asleep thinking about Bali, my board,a nice girl and me.
Saturday 10 am. Mum woke me up with a cup of tea.55 ~ She's the coolest mum ever and never annoys
me (OK, that's an exaggeration). My older sister's inAustralia now with her boyfriend. I've been working formy dad, who's got his own roofing business. ButI'd ratherwork in a surf shop so I can combine work with pleasure.
3 pm. Went surfing all morning and afternoon and
hung out on the beach in-between. My friend Paddy camedown to Fistral and we chilled at a cafe, chatting andpeople-watching (OK, girl-watching). I've known Paddyfor years. [][=:J?addy didn't go out last night because
65 he was still recovering from the night before. Paddy wasn'tsurprised to hear Rich had been on the pull at Springbok.(By the way Rich crashed and burned with the cheekyblonde.)
11 pm. After the beach Paddy came back to my houseand we just chilled, watching TV and listening to Coldplay.There was a house party going on but we weren't in themood. Everyone's so intent on being 'cool' and I can'tbe bothered with all that. [][:=J Don't tell anyone.
Sunday 6 pm. Sometimes, if the surf's not good, I75 go and sit on the beach and watch the waves. IIC:J
Most of my friends have moved away to university, so Ineed to start making decisions about what I'm going todo with my life. The surfing lifestyle's unbeatable butjust recently I've been thinking about what else I coulddo. I love my mates but I want to find someone special,who I can hang out without any pressure to put on act.But I'm sure things will work out.
Draw your own family trees. Show your grandparents, uncles, aunts, brothers and sisters, nieces andnephews and leave three blanks. Explain your family tree to your partner. Slhe should ask questions tofind out the three blanks.
You got acquainted with a fellow / girl from Britain at the party. Both of you are eager to know eachother better. Find out everything about each other's personality, likes and dislikes, free time activities.
Ask your friend to meet your cousin at the station. In your conversation you and your friend are freeto ask and answer various questions concerning your cousin's. appearance.
d Imagine that you are an official and your partner is someone who has just arrived in Britain. Askquestions which are usually given by an immigration officer.
Imagine that your partner is a stranger and you want to find out this information about her / him. Use the- y words and expressions given below.Names: mother's first name, her / his full name, street where s/he lives_ umbers: date of birth, phone, flat or house, post codeFayourite: colour, food, drink, school subject(s), sport, film stares), singer(s)Pius: five or six pieces of information about her / his family, relations
L se the following questions and sentences in mini-dialogues of your own.
: "\\nat does she look like now? 2 I could hardly recognise her. 3 Has she changed much since you saw her last?- ·our husband is as handsome as he used to be. 5 Can you describe the man for the police? 6 I took him for
Italian. 7 She is on a slimming diet now. 8 You don't look a year older than you looked five years ago.
- in small groups. Study the words given below with your friends. Find out the ten qualities whichof your friends think are very important and five qualities which you think are not important in a
spouse. Explain your choice.
eat match is someone who is .....- ~ a animals, generous, able to cook, tolerant, affectionate, well-off, the same age as me, adaptable, a non-
."'f. intelligent, interested in the same things as me, sincere, witty, adventurous, good with children, from thebackground, attractive, broad-minded, sensitive, from a good family, educated.
WRITING
\f 1 To find out how much you already know about the differences in the layout of informal and formalletters tick one or two boxes if the statement is correct.
Informal Formal Neither(Inf) (F) (N)
1 You write your first and last names in the top right-hand corner. c:::J c::J c:::J2 You write your address without your name in the top right-hand corner. c:::J c::J c:::J3 You needn't write your address. c:::J c::J c:::J4 You write the date under your address. c:::J c::J c:::J5 You write the name and address of the person you are writing to on
the left, above Dear X. CJ c::J CJ6 You usually begin with Dear ... c:::J c::J c:::J7 You usually begin with Dear Friend, Dear Brother, Dear Cousin. c:::J c::J c:::J8 You begin with Dear SirlMadam, Dear Sir, Dear Madam,
Dear Editor, Dear Dr Brown, Dear Mr Mason. c:::J c::J CJ9 You begin with Dear Pat, Dear Robert, Dear Mum. c:::J c::J CJ10 You give all the necessary information organised in paragraphs. CJ c::J c:::J11 You cannot use contractions (eg she's, I'd, we're). c:::J c::J CJ12 You can use colloquial, idiomatic expressions and slang. c:::J c::J c:::J13 You finish Yours sincerely, Yours faithfully. c:::J c::J c:::J14 You finish with Lots of love, Best wishes, Bye for now, Best of luck. c:::J c::J c:::J15 You sign your name clearly in full. c:::J c::J c:::J16 You print your name under your signature. c:::J c::J c:::J
1 Dear Sir2 Dear Mr Smith3 Dear Sir / Madam4 Dear Jack5 Yours faithfully6 Yours sincerely
a To finish business letters beginning with 'Dear Sir' or 'Dear Madam'.b To finish a formal letter to a correspondent whose name you know.c Salutations for friends and relatives and close colleagues.d To begin a letter when you don't know if your correspondent is a man or a woman.e Salutations in letters to people who you normally call by their last name.f For beginning a formal letter to a man whose name you do not know.
,. 3 The paragraphs in the following letter are jumbled. Put them in the correct order by numbering them.J
3 Carton AvenueLondon SW 30B
12th May, 2003Dear Rosalind,
[A[J I suppose you'll think that I've gone quite mad, had another of my idiotic ideas, but you'll be wrong.It's true I have given up my job but the urge to do just that has been building up for a lona time, as youknow. 'Why Rome?' I hear you ask. Well, Roz, I did spend four years at Universi .' porina over boringItalian grammar books and studying Dante. I got a good degree and then what? A job in a bank.' And noteven in the Foreign Exchange Department. To think I spent behind that coumer Se1en years.' I deserve amedal but, as I can't award myself one, I have decided on a holiday in Rome' 'ead.
ffi[J Hello.' How are you? It seems ages since we last met and I have so mud, ;0: 'f you ThatI don't knowwhere to start. First, by the time you get this letter I will be enjoying the si his ~ I al. - Rome to be precise.
lIT] This letter is rather incoherent but I have such a lot to say. OM In case /'':oruT, thank you for thelovely birthday card. The 2nd of May was quite a day: my thirtieth binlultr... " _ aid I'll have to finishthis letter - I have so much to do. I'll be in touch very soon.
[Q[] This last year has brought some changes. It all began, I dare say, when my marriage had broken up.George and I haven't begun divorce proceedings yet but it's only a matter of time. There's no chance of areconciliation: I certainly don't want one and I don't think George does either deep down but he stillspeaks about 'a fresh start' and 'trying to make a go of it' whenever we meet. He's not a stupid man buthe does love to talk much. I'm glad now that we never had children.
OOIJ Every day here is an adventure. I don't do much except wander about the city, looking, listening,taking photographs and enjoying my freedom. Coming here was a brilliant idea. But please don'tthink that I don't understand that this euphoria can't last forever. I realise that I must come down toearth - and pretty soon. In fact, I am actively looking for a job and there was rather an interestingone advertised in the 'Times' last week. However, I can't bring myself to fill in the application form- not just yet. Would you be an angel and do it for me and send it off? I'd be eternally grateful andas you know more about me than I know about myself, it shouldn't be too hard a task. My old boss,the manager of the Duke Avenue branch of Silvers bank, will give me a reference (the postal codeis W12 3NN - London, of course).
Best wishes,Maud
PS Note that I've gone back to using my maiden name.PPS I've signed the form already, I don 't want you to commit forgery!
4 Who is Maud writing this letter to and why? Is it a personal or formal letter? Is the format and languageappropriate for this type of letters? Why? / Why not? What do the abbreviations PS and PPS mean?
5 Read the letter above once more and fill in the application form.
APPLICATION FORM To be completed in BLOCK letters
1 Date of Birth: Age:
Single Married Separated Widowed (tick as appropriate)
2 Surname: First name:
3 How many dependent children under 21 have you?
4 How many years of higher education have you?
5 What are your academic qualifications?
6 What foreign languages do you speak?
7 Are you employed at present?
8 What's your present job? 10 What was your previous job?
9 How long have you held that post? 11 How long did you hold that post?
12 Name and address of referee.
Signature: Maud Dunne Date 12th May, 2003
- 12'"':::.)
456
6 These statements may be found in application forms. Translate them into the Lithuanian language. Consulta dictionary if necessary.
Missing information will delay your acceptance.All pages requiring a signature must be signed.List any school qualifications you have now.We require certified copies of certificates.Do you have any employment experience - paid or voluntary?Give information about your interests and ambitions - particularly those which are relevant to the course youare applying for.Please include evidence. of your previous work: drawings, photographic slides or prints, video or audiorecordings which you think supports your application.I confirm that the information I have given in the application is correct.
9 I support this application and confirm that I will accept responsibility for fees.
7 While travelling on a ferry to Finland during your school holidays you got acquainted and exchangedaddresses with your peer. Write a letter of 150-180 words giving information about yourself. Be sure to:
• remember your first meeting on the ferry• tell about your family and your living place• tell about your school curriculum and express your preferences• give your personal characteristics and describe your spare time activities• ask your friend to write you back and send you his/her picture
WORD BANK
acceptance l;Jk' sept;Jnslpriemimasacquaint 1;J'kwemtl susipazintiactually I'rektJu;Jli!is tikrtti4, tiesll.sakantaddict/'redlktl turintis manijll.zmogusaffect 1;J'fektl (pa)veiktiallow sb to do sth 1;J'lau/leistiannoy 1;J'll'JUerzinti, pykintiapply 1;J'plauprasytiapplication l,replI'keIJnI prasymasaverage I'rev(;J)ndy'vidutinis, vidutiniskasaward 1;J'w'J:d!apdovanojimasbasically I'belslklil is esmesbitchy I'brtJil kandusbore Ib'J:1igristibother I'bOD;J1trukdytibrace Ibrersl isitempus lauktibranch Ibra:ntJI filialasbully I'buli! (i)bauginti, priekabiautibump into IbAmpl susidurti sucatty I'kretil klastingascertificate IS;J' trfrbU pazymej imascertify I's3:trfau patvirtintichat up ItJretl snekinticheeky I'tJi:kil izUlus; selmiskascolloquial Ib'bukwr;JII snekamosios kalboscome round IkArnI uZsukticonfirm Ibn' f3:ml patvirtinticotraction Ibn 'trrekJnl trumpinyscounter l'kaunt;J1 prekystaliscredentials Ikn'denJlzI statusll. nurodantys dokumentaicruise round Ikru:zI vaziuoti masina neskubantcurriculum 1k;J'nkjul;JrnImokymo program adefmitely I'def(;J)n;Jtlilaiskiai, tikraidelay Idr'leu sugaisinti, atidetideserve Idr'Z3:vl nusipelnytidivorce Idr'v'J:sl skyrybosdress to the nines apsirengti ypac puosniaieffort I' ef;Jtl pastangaelement l'elIm;Jntlstichijaeternally 1r't3:n(;J)liIamzinaievidence l'evrd;J)nsl irodymasexaggeration Irg,zred3;J'reIJnIperdejimasfee /fi:l mokestisfellow /'fel;Jul vaikinasfond ffond! meilusfreelance f'fri:lo:nsf laisvai samdomas
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search IS3:t[1 ieskotisenseless /'sensl;JsI beprasmiskassights Isaltsl izymybes, reginiaisignature /'sIgn;JtS;JIparasassign Isaml pasirasytislang Islrel]1 zargonasspot Ispotl pamatytisuffer I'SA[;JIkentetisupportls;J'IX':t/ paremti
suburb I'SAb3:bl priemiestissurfer /'s3:[;JI banglentininkastake sb I sth for Itelkl palaikyti kuo nors kitutake off staigiai pageretitend to Itendl bliti linkusiamtotally l't;Jutli/ visiskaiturn sb off It3:n/ atstumtiurge 13:d31poreikis, reikmevoluntary /'vol;Jnt(;J)ri/savanoriskas
ADDITIONAL WORD BANKfamily members and relatives I relationsnuclear family: father, mother; daughter; son; brother; sisterextended family: aunt, uncle, cousin; niece Ini:sl dukterecia; nephew /'nefju:, 'nevju:1 slinenas; grandparents: grandfather,grandmother; grandchildren: grandson, granddaughter; one-parent familyspouse Ispausl sutuoktinis: husband, wife; in-laws: daughter-in-law marti; son-in-law zentas; brother-in-law dieveris,svainis; sister-in-law mosa, svaine, broliene; father-in-law uosvis, sesuras; mother-in-law anyta, uosvesteprelationship: stepfather patevis; stepmother pamote; stepdaughter podukra; stepson posilnis; half-brother ibrolis;half-sister isesere; foster-parents iteviai; orphan /''J:f'dn/ naslaitis; adopt ivaikinti; bring up I raise uzauginti She broughtup four children. Linda's parents died and she was raised by her aunt.relative I relation giminaitis; close I distant; relate Are you any relation to Jim Brown? -I'm not related to him in any way.ancestor I' rensest'dl protevis; descendant IdI' send'dn t/ palikuonismarital status seimynine padetis: not married I unmarried, married; single neved«s, netekejusi; separated I divorced(teisiskai) issiskyrl(s(usi); widow nasle; widower naslys
job, occupation, professionaccountant I book-keeper buhalteris; artist dailininkas; businessman I businesswoman verslininkas(-e); carpenter I'ka:pmt'dl dailide; civil servant tarnautojas; clerk Ikla:kl klerkas, rastvedys; designer IdI'Zam'dl konstruktorius,projektuotojas; driver; electrician Ir,lek'trrInl elektrikas; engineer l,end:3l'm'dl; hairdresser kirpejas; housewife nam!.!seimininke; interpreter Im't3:prrt'dl vertejas (iodiiu); journalist /'d33:n'dlrstl zurnalistas; lawyer /'bj'dl teisininkas;manager vadybininkas; manicurist /'mremkju'drrstl manikiilrininkas; masser Imre's3:1 masazistas; musician Imju'zrIn/;nurse 1ll3:s1 med. sesuo; optician lop'trInl optikas; plumber /'plAm'dl santechnikas; railway-man gelezinkelietis;salesman I saleswoman I shop assistant pardaveja(s); secretary; soldier /'s'duld3'd1 kareivis; surgeon I'S3:d3('d)nl~hirurgas; technician Itek'mInl technikas; translator vertejas (rastu); typist asmuo, spausdinantis masineleemployment Irm'pbrm'dntl idarbinimas; employee Irm'pbri: ,empbr'i:1 dirbantysis; employ Irm'pbr/ idarbinti; employerrm'pbr'dl darbdavys
erson's character What is he like? - Koks)o bildas, charakteris?sent-minded/,rebs'dnt'marndrdl issiblaskl(s economical li:b'nomrkl/ taupus
ptable I'd'drept'dbl/ mokantis prisitaikyti energetic I, en::l'd3etrk/ energingas. ectionate 1'd'fekIn'dt/ meilus envious I'envr'dsl pavydus~bitious lrem'brI'dsl trokStantis sekmes, ambicingas flexible /'fleks'dbl/ lankstus, prisitaikantisnTogant/'rer'dg'dnt/ arogantiskas forgetful Ib'getfll uzmarsus
astful /'b'dustfll pagyrilnas frank IfrreI]k/ atvirasright Ibrartl sumanus generous l'd3en'dr'dsl dosnusroad-minded I,bnd 'marndrd/ tolerantiskas good-tempered I, 9 ud 'temp'ddl gero bildo
Ika:rn/ tylus, ramus grateful/' grertfll dekingas, g l'ke'drrI]1 paslaugils, uzjauCiantis greedy I'gri:dij gobsus
eerful/'tj'r'dflliinksmas hospitable Iho 'sprt'dbl/ svetingas. dish 1'tj'arldrII vaikiskas hot-tempered I,hot'temp'dd/ karstakosis
y /'klArnzi/ nerangus hypocritical I,hrp'd'krrtrkl/ veidmainiskasunicative Ib'mju:nrk'dtrvl kalbus, linkl(s bendrauti ill-bread I mannered blogai isaukletas
cientious l,konIi 'enI 'dsl s'l.ziningas ill-tempered l,rI 'temp'ddl irzlus, vaidingasnsiderate Ibn'srd( 'd)r'dtl atidus, rilpestingas imaginative /r'mred3rn'dtrvl lakios vaizduotes
perative Ibu'op('d)r'dtrvl paslaugus impatient/rm'perIntl nekantrustive Ikri 'ertrvl kilrybingas impolite I,rmp'd'lartl nemandagus'ng l'kAmI]1 klastingas industrious Im'dAstri'dsl darbstus, stropus
rmined Idr't3:mrnd/ ryztingas intelligent 1m'telrd3('d)nt/ protingas, sumanus-to-earth konkretus, praktiskas intolerant 1m 'tobr'dntl netolerantiskas
. going l,i:zi'g'dUII]1 ramus jealous l'd3ebsl pavyduliaujantis
just Idy>.stl teisingaslazy I'lerzil tingusloyal I'bl;lll istikimasmean Imi:nl sykstusmiserable I'IlliZ(;l)r;lbll nelaimingas, apgailetinasmodestl'modlstl kuklusmoody I'mu:dil paniurC(s,liudnasnarrow-minded I,nrer;lu 'mamdldl ribotqpaziUrltnaughty I'n:>:til isdykC(snervous l'n3:v;lsl nervingas, nuogitstaujantisobstinate I' obstm;ltl uzsispyrC(soutgoing l,aut'g;luIlJI draugiskas, mielasoutspoken I,aut'sp;lubnl tiesmukaspersistent Ip;l' slst;lntl atkakl usquick-tempered I,kwrk'temp;ldl karstas, umusquick-witted l,kwlk'Wltldl nuovokus, sumanusreliable Irr'lal;lbll patikimasreserved In'z3:vdl santurusresolute I'rez;l,lu:tl ryztingasrude Iru:dl grubusself-assured I confident pasitikintis savimi
selfish I'selflJI savanaudissensible I'sens;lbll protingas, blaiviai galvojantissensitive I'sens;ltlvl jautrusshy IJar! drovussincere Ism'sl;ll nuosirdussociable I's;luJ;lbll draugingas, megstantis bendrautistingy I'stmd3il sykstusstrict Istnktl grieztasstrong-minded l,strDIJ'mamdldJ stiprios valiosstubborn l'stAb;lnl uzsispyrC(ssympathetic I, SImP;l'eetlkl uzj auciantistactful I' trektfll taktiskasthorough l'eAr;l1 kruopstusthrifty I'enftil taupustouchy I'tAtJil jautrustrustworthy l'trAst,w3:oil patikimastwo-faced I,tu: 'ferstl dviveidisvain Iveml tusciasviolent I'val;ll;lntl siautejantis, smarkus, umuswitty I'wltil sitmojingas
build and general appearanceHow tall is he? - He is about lover sixfeet tall I of medium height I not very tall I rather short. He is two metres in height.attractive patrauklus; handsome, fashionable, smart puosnus, madingas; good-looking, broad-shouldered, well-built; chubby I'tJAbi/ putnus; fat Istout storas, apkunus; slim 1 slender, thin He has put on some weight I got thinnerI lost weight. He's a bit overweight. She takes after her father. Ji panasi i savo teti-
age and age periodschild (children); teenager paauglys; teenage paaugliskas; adult 1grown-up suaugC(szmogus; a middle-aged woman;be 2 months 1 5 years etc sb's junior I senior She is 5 years my junior I senior. Ji penkeriais metais ui mane jaunesne(vyresne). elder vyresnis; eldest vyriausias; elderly pagyvenC(s;the elderly pagyven£2imones My elder brother is threeyears older than me. How old is she? - She is in his / her early I mid- I late thirties. What does she look like? Kaip jiatrodo? - She doesn't look her age. aged Most girls aged between 13 and 16 want to be models.grow old senti; retire iseiti ipensijit; be on pension; a pensioner He retired at 60. Now he is on pension.
faceplump putlus, apvalus, oval, long, square, thin; a serious - faced man, a freckle-faced girl strazdanota mergaite Her cheeksare chubby (putLUs)I hollow (ikrit~. She's rosy-cheeked (rausvaskruoste). Her lips are thin I full.The complexion (veido oda) is dark, fair, healthy, sallow (isblyskusi, pageltusi). The features (veido bruoiai) are regular,delicate, striking (pritrenkiantys, ispudingi), plain (paprasti; negraius). As far as I remember, he has (grown) a bushy beard.A year ago he wore a neatly-trimmed moustache 1m;}'sta.j/ (usai).
eyes brown, dark, hazel, black or a green-eyed girl; have big/large 1almond-shaped eyes; He has small I deep-set I large Iwide-set I blue eyes with long, thick eyelashes.
nose big, small, long, straight, crooked kreiva, rounded His/her nose is hooked (kumpa) I snub (trumpa riesta). She isa snub-nosed girl.
hair fair sviesus, dark, chesnut kastoniniai, golden, dyed IdaJdl dazyti; wavy banguoti; curly garbanoti; frizzy labaigarbanoti; thin, thick, soft; with blonde highlights / streaks Istri:ksl sviesiomis sruogelemis; a straight-haired girl, askinheaded man, a blonde, a brunette; shoulder-length, plaited I'plretldl sup inti ikasq, pony tailed suristi i 'arkliouodegit' She wears her hair plaited. fringe Ifnnd:Y' kirpCiukai She has a fringe. a crew-cut plaukai pakirpti eziuku;wear the hair in a tight knot 1 in pigtails trumpos kasytes I in dreadlocks virvutemis suristi plaukai (juodaodiil{sukuosena) She wears her hair long Ishort 1 with a side I centre parting (sklastymas). He's bald I his hair is receding.He used to have black hair but now it's gone grey, almost white.
VOCABULARY
basement block of flatsbungalow remote controlcurtains detached housenursery towel-racksemi-detached house
landingtable matcookerdishwasher
porchatticovenvilla
terraced housevacuum cleanerelectric meterground floor
cottagerubbish binwardrobeironing board
1 travel q.g~f!L .news ,{!gmt. .estate .r!gmL .
4 telephone .cookery .note .
7 flower .hall .umbrella .
2 dining .changing .living .
3 coat......................... wife.................... warming
5 drier.... .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. dres ser. brush
8 bell. handle. man
6 sill........................... pane..................... shopping
9 land..................... economics............................. work
_ :\1ake the opposites of the adjectives by using the prefix un- or the suffix ·less. Then fill in the gapswith the most suitable word.
airy - ..q..i.df!.~L .olourful - .
practical - useful - .tasteful - spacious - .
tidy - .crowded - .
I I find an electric fan very to have at home when the heat outside is incredible._ Pale carpets are if you have kids.
A(n) room doesn't have enough fresh air.-t What a(n) room; the books and things are scattered everywhere.- The curtains in my room attract everybody's attention.6 It was an ugly room with decorations and shabby furniture.- We have just moved to a new apartment as it is more than the previous one.
The room was so with different pieces of old furniture that it was impossible to breathe.
Our house is not very large, but it is (1) c_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and well planned. It is a small two-storyed(2) d house. In front of the house there is a green (3) 1 and a lot of flowers. Behindit there is a little (4) 0 with a few fruit trees in it. On the (5) g floor there is a(6) k , a pantry, a dining-room, a (7) c sitting-room and my father's (8) s . Thereare several rooms (9) u_ _ _ _ _ _ _ on the first floor: my parents' (10) b , Grandmother'sroom, which is also my little brother's (11) n , my room and a (12) b . The(13) C is modern and quite new. But my father says he has to pay a lot of money for thehouse, (14) h , gas and (15) e .
1 George redecorated his room with flowerywallpaper
2 She furnished the rooms with what she hadalready owned
3 The old couple decided to buy a bungalow4 My family has lived in this farmhouse for years5 My home town is surrounded by lovely
countryside6 There's a knock at the door.7 Their house was an old farm building,8 Peter's bathroom didn't have a bath,9 It had been raining for a week,10 I live on the 25th floor of a block of flats so
a) with woods, fields and a small river.b) only a shower and a basin, but he didn't mind.c) because they both had difficulty climbing
stairs.d) which had been rebuilt and turned into a
modern house.e) and the flat felt damp and chilly.f) and painted the floor light brown.g) I always take the lift.h) because she couldn't afford to buy new
furniture.i) and we have always raised horses here too.j) Can you see who it is?
1 A: Good morning. I'm Jack Green. I've come to see the 1.•................................
B: Come in and have a look, please. It's the one 2•...••....•..••.••..••.••.•..•..• mine.A: Are you a 3 here too?B: Yes, I've been 4•.•.••.•••••••••.••.••.•......... from Mrs Kent for three years.A: Is Mrs Kent the 5 here?B: Yes, she's very kind and friendly.
2 A: You look happy, Jane.B: Yes, we're going to 6 .•..•..•••...•........•...•..•... to our new house next week.A: Have you signed the 7...................••.......•.... ?B: Yes, and I'm going to pick up the 8 ......................•.......... from the
9•••••.••..•..•.••.•.•••••...•••.• tomorrow.
3 A: What is your 10........•....••..••••........•..• like?B: It's not too bad. There's a fairly large sink and the cooker next
to it, 11•.•..••.••.••........•.....•.••.••
A: Is there a washing machine?B: Yes, 12....................•.....•.••••• the stairs. And there's a freezer,
too, 13 of the fridge.A: Lots of 14 .•••••.••.••..•..•.•.••••.••••.•. to put things!B: Oh, enough, I think. And there are shelves 15•••.•••.•••.•.••••.•.•••••••••••. the cooker.
And there's a round table 16•••••.......•.................... of the kitchen, with four chairs,to eat 17 ..••.....•..••....••.••..••.•...•• I think there's a cupboard on the floor18.....•........................... the table and the cooker.
rentinglandladyroomtenantnext to
estate agentmovemkeyscontract
aton the righton topin the middlespaceunderbetweenkitchenover
1 It's the top shelf the kitchen cupboard. 2 The office is the fifth floor, the far endof the corridor. 3 We live Dunhill which is the west coast. 4 I have already put the picture .the wall the dining room. 5 You can see my girlfriend sitting that table, next to the woman .a green dress. 6 What time did you go home last night? 7 You may work hard all week, but you donothing when you are home. 8 I don't mind being alone the house. 9 The children's toys werekept the comer by the window. 10 All the cupboards the kitchen and the bookshelves theliving room are included the price. 11 This is the front entrance, but there is another door the sideof the house. 12 There is a wooden fence one side of the garden, and a hedge the other.
ill in the blanks with the grammatically correct form of the word in bold according to the meaning ofe whole text. Mind the word order. The first has been done for you.
We (1 just buy) ..hf!.y(!.jU$.t!J.@g!J.L. our last house. As I (2 unpack) yet another box"'oIlowing our recent (3 move) , I began counting. I (4 realise) that'y teenage children (5 so far live) in nine different houses. And that Pearl, who
'- only three years old, (6 already live) in four different houses., nat a shock! I'm not sure how it happened. Somehow, Ijust (7 stumble) from house to
use, never stopping (8 think) about that (9 fable) word 'stability'._'ow I'm stuck with the guilt of (10 realise) that my (11 old) .hildren will never have fond memories of (12 they) favourite tree in the garden.
I (13 grow up) in two houses. I can still remember the camellia tree from which I (14hang) upside down day after day until, (15 eventual) , I got too bigand my head (16 hit) the ground. And, it was only one generation ago - my (17 parent)............................... generation - when it (18 be) common to spend your entire (19 child)............................... living in the one home. My generation (20 have) other values though,and I wonder how different our lives and the lives of our children (21 be) , if we had moreof a sense of (22 belong) to a certain place rather than this constant drive to upscale.How (23 irony) that in the age where my children are facing far more stress than anyother generation as they struggle to cope with a (24 doubt) future, they (25 notJhave)............................... the stability of a home that never changes. I am (26 eternal) gratefulto my parents, who provided a beach house for the past 20 years where my children (27 learn) .[0 swim, had their (28 high) marked on the doorframe every Christmas and now havehoto albums full of snaps (29 take) there.
So here I am in our 100-year-old house with lots of rooms for the (30 grandchild) .vhen they come to stay, and a gorgeous old garden with not one but three camellia trees. As I roam through the"ght, (31 air) rooms or just sit (32 enjoy) the garden I find myself-~ ling in ever so (33 slow) for the long haul.
Did you feel satisfied with your new flat?Can you tell me ..if Y-Q/!.JrdUf!.t.i.s.fi.fId. w.irh .Y.Q.¥-.fJW.W.fl.tJ.t... ?
_ Does your friend prefer living in a cottage in a small village?I wonder .
~ Where is the book of instructions for using this washing machine?I can't remember .
~ \\ no has left the tap running?Have you any idea ?
: \\ nere does our colleague live?Do you happen to know , ?
6 Where can I buy this valuable labour-saving vacuum cleaner?Would you mind telling me ?
7 Does the room have curtains at the windows or blinds?Do you know..................................................................................................................................... ?
8 The villa has excellent cooking and washing facilities, hasn't it?I've no idea .
9 How can I get from the railway station to your house?Could you explain ?
10 Is your daughter's house insured against thefts or accidents?I'm not sure .
Ask Louise Bucher if she and her family will ever movefrom their barn conversion in Kent and she smiles. 'Definitelynot, this is the home we always dreamed of,' she says.'Everything about is perfect. We've got all the space weneed, the views are stunning, plus there's the fact that we'veput so much work into it - we'll be here for a long time!'
Louise, a print-maker who exhibits her work locally, andher husband, Tim, a surveyor, bought the barn 16 yearsago. 'We were Iiving in a beautiful house in a nearby village,'she explains. 'Over the years the surrounding land wasbecoming more built up. We lost our gorgeous views andthe peaceful atmosphere we had moved there for didn'texist anymore.' So, along with their two small children, Tomand Leonie, they started looking for something new.
The black, clapboard barn, built around 1530, issupposed to be one of the oldest in Kent, and stands ontop of a hill with stunning views across fields and orchards.'The view from the back is one of the things I love mostabout this house - all the windows look over it, and a lot ofthose are floor-to-ceiling windows, so it becomes a part ofevery room.' The barn was really just that - a draughty barn.It hadn't changed for over 400 years. No one had ever livedin it, the floors were covered in straw, there were no windows,just huge doors banging in the wind. The whole structurehad to be stripped back to its timber frame and re-built, soessentially it was like building a new house. 'The thoughtof having to start from scratch was actually one of the mostappealing things,' Tim says.
The conversion took nine months which, for the amountof work that had to be done - such as lowering the floorlevel by three feet to provide enough height for two floors- is actually not that long. 'While building work takes place,lots of people live in a caravan on site.' So they put all thefurniture into storage and rented a cottage just down theroad. That way they could keep an eye on what was goingon, but could also escape from it at the end of the day.
'Everything went to plan. It did end costing us more than wehad budgeted for, but I think these things always do.'
Louise had kept all the decoration in the house incrediblysimple. 'As this building itself is so beautiful inside - with allthe original beams - I didn't want to distract from that.' All thewalls are soft cream, except in the kitchen where they havebeen washed with a warm terracotta and a neutral-colouredcarpet has been laid throughout the house. The pale walls andfloors and the long floor-to-ceiling, south facing windows meanthat the whole house is flooded with light. 'We were carefulwith the design and decoration to make our house light andairy,' Louise explains.
The space above the garage, which used to be home to thechildren's table-tennis table, has now been transformed intoLouise's studio, where she not only produces her own printsbut also runs a series of arts and crafts courses. 'When Tomand Leonie moved out we tried to think of something new to dowith the room. At first we thought to run it as a B&B, but thenwe came up with the idea of arts classes, which meant that Icould still use it as my studio when they weren't taking place.'
The creative courses cover topics like flower arranging,watercolour painting, even cooking. 'They've been verysuccessful. People learn something new, have a nice lunch inthe kitchen and meet like-minded people. It works really well.It's never going to make us a fortune, but I really enjoy doingit'
The wonderful thing about the house is that it is full of old-style charm, with the original beams and pieces of furniturecollected over the years. As it is actually a new building, it hasall the modern conveniences of a modern home. There's nodraughty windows or suspect plumbing to worry about, andthere's no risk of the heating grinding to a halt in the middle ofFebruary. 'This house really does give us the best of bothworlds,' says Louise. 'It was a lot of work, but definitely worthit - we've built the house of our dreams.'
1 Why are the Buchers planning to stay in their converted house for a long time?A This is the decision of all the members of the family.B Because it's the house of their dreams.C Because everything was done by themselves.D As the stability of a house has a certain appeal for all the family members.
2 Why did they decide to move from a beautiful village house?A Because their children were small.B Because they needed more space.C This was a whim of Louise.D Because the built-up neighbourhood changed the situation to the worse.
3 What becomes a part of every room?A Floor-to-ceiling windows.B The sight seen from the back.C The timber frame that goes back to 1530.D The ancient atmosphere of the barn.
4 Where did the family live during the building period?A They hired a bungalow nearby.B In a caravan.C On site.D In a storehouse.
5 Why was the decoration design in the house plain?A Because they laid a neutral-coloured carpet.B Because they wanted their house to be airy.CBecause the windows were on the southern part of the house.D Because the owner wanted to call everybody's attention to the natural charm of the house.
6 What is the attic above the garage used for?A As a children's playroom.B As art classrooms.C Interchangeably as a studio and an art classroom.D As aB&B.
7 What are the topics of the courses?A Art issues.B Domestic problems.C Floral decorations.D From art to domestic ones.
8 What is peculiar about that house?A It's ancient.B The past and the present match perfectly well together.C A homely atmosphere.D Up-to-date amenities.
What do Louise and Tim do?_ What did the barn look like?3 How did they get enough height for two floors?
4 What makes the house light and airy?5 What does Louise do in her studio?6 Why are creative courses very successful?
- Work in pairs and make your own dialogues. Use the prompts given on p. 15l.
a) Imagine that one of you is a student looking for a flat to rent and the other is a landlord / landlady.Discuss the following:
• the rent and when you have to pay it• the time you can move in
• if bed linen, laundering and cleaning are included in the rent• if a retaining fee is necessary during the vacations
b) Imagine that one of you is a person looking for a house to buy and the other is an estate agent.Discuss the following:
• type of the house and parts of it• the amenities in the house• the neighbourhood; prove that the place is very convenient
c) Speak about the type of the house you live in, its costs, its location and environment, describe therooms.
a) Design your own ideal home. Draw a simple plan of the house you would like to have and after youhave finished, describe your dream house to the rest of the class.
• Make a list of the furniture and other furnishings (carpets, curtains etc).• Describe the colour scheme in your rooms. Give reasons for your choice.• Indicate special items (swimming pool, tennis court, greenhouse, fireplaces etc).
• Which is better: to own a flat / house or to rent it? Why?• Would you rather live in a quiet residential neighbourhood or in the centre of a big town? Why?• Which would you prefer: living in a block of flats or in a detached house? Why?• What are the benefits and drawbacks of living in a large city?• If you could choose, would you rather live in a city or in the country? Why?
.WRITING
a) Write the address for this informal letter of invitation in the right order (Brighton, 62, England,London Road).
Dear Nelly,At last! I finally found a flat and moved in last week. It took me a month to find one that I liked
and could afford. The one I found is kind of dark, but it's comfortable. The kitchen and bathroomare small, but the other rooms are big and I like the neighbourhood. There s good public transportand there are a lot of stores and restaurants nearby. I think I'm going to like it here.
I'm having a housewarming party on Saturday. It should be fun. Would you like to come? I'mmissing you so much. I want to show you my new place. I've invited my new neighbour Joannewith her boyfriend and some colleagues. I'm eager to introduce you to them. They're fine, sincereand they've been very helpful. I'm sure you'll get on well!
Well, I guess that's all for now. I still have a thousand things to do for the party.Love,Pat
b) Capitalise and punctuate the note ofinvitation.
c) Complete the note of refusal using thesentences in the box below.
davidI tried to call you but you werent at homethe res a party on saturday night at patdurans my new neighbour i think itll befun would you like to go it begins around8:00 why dont you call me later i have towork tonight but ill be home around 10:00
Joanne
Dear Pat,1 •...•••.•..•••..••••••.••.••.•.••••••• George and I wouldlove to come to your party, but we already haveplans for Saturday night. It's ourfamily reunion.2 .••••.•..•.............•..•.•••...••••. In fact, let's go to thecinema next week.3
Yours,Maggie
Thank you for thinking of us. Thank you for your invitation.I hope we can get together sometime soon.
_ -ou have just got a note of invitation from your friend. Unfortunately, you spilled some coffee over it.ewrite this note and also write a note of refusal to your friend saying why you can't accept hislher invitation.
There's a .hink it'll be .
Dear ,Thank you very much for your invitation. I'd love
to , but .. 1/ It's .
I hope we can get together soon. Infact, let's .ould you like to ?_':begins at Why don't you ._ ?
m's relatives from Canada are planning to spend their summer at the Baltic Sea and they asked himfind out about the houses let on hire there. Tom has written a letter to his uncle George Harrison.
,e sentences in the letter are unsuitable because they are too formal. Decide which sentences shouldchanged, cross them out and write the correct equivalents in the order they appear.
Spalviskio k.Kirdonil{ pst.LT - 5270 Birzl{ r.Lithuania
With reference to your letter, which I got the other day. It was great to hear from you again. I am.:riting to inform you about the places you could stay in Palanga.
One of the houses, which might suit you, is in a quiet neighbourhood but it will take you 20 minuteso go to the beach. The house has got a lovely garden and a garage. The front door opens into a spacious·
hall. On the first floor there's a well-equipped kitchen and a small bathroom. The living room with a TVset and a hi-fi system is next to the kitchen. Upstairs there are three bedrooms and a bathroom. It costs I: ',ousand Litas a month, the owners want to get a monthly rent beforehand.
The other house is nearly the same size, it has got three bedrooms as well, it's next to the main streetand quite close to the sea. It costs one thousand and two hundred Litas per month, which is ratherrpensive, but your mother has some problems with her feet so she will prefer that one, I think?
If the information is of some help to you, do not hesitate to contact soon. I will pay the deposit then.J look forward to seeing you.
Lots of love,Tomas
1Dear Uncle George,2 .3 .
4 .5 .
5 You have just finished your studies and are leaving your home town. You have spent two weekssearching for a flat/ house to live in. Write a letter of 100-130 words to your penfriend abroad describingthe new place. Be sure to:
• describe your new flat / house• describe your new surroundings• explain why you have chosen it or how different it is from your previous living place
WORD BANKafford /;;/b:d/leisti sauappeal/a'pi:ll patrauklumasbarn Ibo:nl kletis, svimasbang IbreI]1 trankytisbeam Ibi:m! sijabeforehand Ibr'b:hrendl is ankstobenefit I'bemfrt/ privilegija; naudacaravan I'krer;:J,vrenl poilsine ant ratl.!charm Itfo:m! zavesysclapboard I' klrep, b:):d/lenta (sienl-{ apkalai)concern Ibn's3:nl tureti rysi, sietis; rupintisconstant nuolatinis, nesiliaujantiscontract I'kontrrekt/ sutartisconversion Ibn'v3:Jnl pa(si)keitimascope Ibupl susidoroti, susitvarkyticraft Ikra:ftl amatascreative Ikri 'ertrvl kurybiskasdistractldr'strrektl atitraukti, isblaskyti (demesi ir pan.)domestic Id;:J'mestrkl naminis, naml.!; seimyninisdoorframe I'd:): ,frerm! dufl.!staktadoubt Idautl abejonedraughty I' dra:ftil skersvejuotasdrawback I' dr:):,brekl trftkumaseager l'i:g;:J1 trokstantisequipment lr'kwrpm;:Jnt/ irangaequivalent lr'kwrv;:Jl;:Jntlatitikmuoessentially lr'senJlil is esmeseternallr't3:nll affiZinasevent !I'ventl ivykiseventuallr'ventJu;:JlI galutinisfable I'ferbll pasakeCia, pasakafabulous I'frebjul;:Jsl pasakl.!, pasakiskasf1orall'fhr;:JlI gelil.!frame Ifrerrnl karkasas, remasfortune I'htJ;:Jnl kriiva pinigl.!generation l,d3en;:J'rerJnl kartagrind toa haltl'gramd t;:J;:J'h:):ltl (su)gestiguilt Igrltl kaltehairbrush I'he;:J,brAJI plaukl.! sepetyshairdresser l'he;:J,dres;:J1kirpejashair-drier l'he;:J,drar;:J1plaukl.! dziovintuvashandle I'hrendll rankenahire I'har;:J1 issinuomotihousecoat I'haus,butl chalatasincredible Im'kred;:Jbll neitiketinasinsulation l,msju'lerJnl izoliacija
insure (against) 1m'Ju;:J1ap(si)draustiinterchangeably Imt;:J'tfemd3;:Jblilpakaitomisissue I'rJu:, 'rsju:1 klausimas, problemalabour-saving I'lerb;:J,servrI]/lengvinantis darb£llike-minded l,lark'mamdrdl vienmintislocally !'I;:Juklil vietiniu mastu, vietojelong haul/,loI] 'h:):l1 ilga, sunki veiklamatch ImretJ I tikti, dereti priemeaningful I' mi :mI]fll prasmingaspeculiar Ipr'kju:Ir;:J1ypatingasplumbing I'plAmrI]1 vandentiekio varnzdynasprint Ipnntl graviuraproduce/pr;:J'dju:sl gamintiprovide Ipr;:J'vardl parupinti, aprupintiraise Irerzl augintirealize I'n;:J,Iarzl suprastirefusal/n'ju:zll atsisakymasrelate In'lertl pritapti prie, bendrauti; bUti susijusiamreminiscent l,remr'ms;:Jntl primenantisroam Ir;:Jum! bastytis, klajotisettle in I'setll apsiprastisight Isartl reginyssite Isartl statybvietesnaps Isnrepsl nuotraukossolar panel/,s;:Jul;:J'prenll saules akumuliatoriusstart from the scratch Iskrretfl pradeti nuo pradziosstorage l'st:):nd31 saugojimasstorehouse I'st:):,hausl sandel isstumble I'stAmbll klupinetisuit Isu:tl tiktisuppose IS;:J'p;:Juz!manyti, daryti prielaid£lsurveyor IS;:J'ver;:J1matininkas, geodezininkassuspect I' sAspektl nepatikimastap Itrepl ciaupastimber I'trmb;:J1 medienaunfortunately IAn'htf(;:J)n;:JtIil dejaunpack IAn'prekl is(si)pakuotiupscale IAp'skerl/lygis aukstesnis nei vidutiniswallpaper l'w:):I,perp;:J1 tapetaiwatercolour I'w:):t;:J,kAbl akvarelewhim Iwrrnl inoriswindowpane l'wmd;:Ju,pem/lango stiklas (rem e)windowshopping zvalgymasis po vitrinaswindowsill palangeworse IW3:sl blogesnis
ADDITIONAL WORD BANK
types of housesbuilding pastatas: a five-storey(ed) building; brick house mUrinis namas; wooden house medinis namas; hut trobele;cottage namelis, troba uzmiestyje ar kaime; farmhouse ukininko troba; detached house atskiras, individualus namas;semi-detached house namas turintis bendr'l sien'l su kitu namu; terraced house terasinis namas; villa; bungalow I'bAl)g;J,l;Julvienaaukstis namas; skyscraper l'skaI,skrelp;J1dangoraizis; block of flats daugiabutis namas; rented accommodationnuomuojamas bustas
parts of a buildingflat! apartment (Am. E.); two I three room flatbathroom; bedroom; bedsit! bedsitter vieno kambario butas; drawing-room I sitting room svetaine; dining-room valgomasis;living-room bendrasis kambarys; lounge Ilaund;yl poilsio kambarys, vestibiulis; nursery l'n3:s(;l)ril vaiktt. kambarys; hallprieSkambaris; kitchen virtuve; study darbo kambarys, kabinetas; guest! spare room svecitt. kambarys; lavatory I toilet!we; basement pamatai, pusrusis; cellar I'sel;ll rusys; porch Ip:;:tfl veranda; pantry I larder I'la:d;ll sandeliukas; terraceI'ter;ls/; attic mansarda, palepe; roof; lift; balcony; staircase I stairs laiptai; downstairs I upstairs; landing laipttt. aikstelestudio l'stu:dI;lUI dirbtuves; vieno kambario butas; garage l'grera:3; 'grend;ylceiling f'si:liIJI lubos; high I low ceiling; parquet I'pa:kerl parketas; floor grindys; polished floor, painted floor Thefloor in my room is painted brown. floor aukstas She lives on the ground I top }loor.
furniturearmchair; bench suoliukas; bookcase; drawer Idf'J:I stalCius; chest of drawers komoda; cupboard indauja, spintele,:pinta; desk; dressing table tualetinis staliukas; flower stand stovas gelems; hall stand rubtt. kabykla prieskambaryje;stool taburete; bed table; towel-rack kabykla ranksluosciams; wardrobe f'w::J:dr:mbl rubtt. spinta; wall unit sekcija;double bed dvigule lova, sofa bed miegamoji sofa; bunk bed dviaukste lova; couch Ikautfl kusete; mat I rug kilimelis;rubbish bin siuksliadeze; blind I curtain 1'k3:tnl uzuolaida; draw the blinds uztraukti uzuolaidas; pull the curtains
ide atitraukti uzuolaidas; curtain and carpet (pa)kabinti uzuolaidas ir iskloti kilimais The windows were curtainedand the floor was carpeted. venetian blinds IV;l,ni:Sn'blamdzl zaliuzes The windows were shrouded in venetian blinds.
amenitiesenities l;l' mi:n;ltizl, convenience~ Ibn' vi:ni;lnslzIpa togumai
=0 ; gas meter; turn on I off the gas; electricity lr,lek'tns;Jti/; electric meter I fan elektros skaitliukas I ventiliatorius;. eating sildymas; central heatIng; heating is on I off; heat with electricity I gas; water-line vandentiekis; hot and
ld running water; have I take a bath or a shower; (electric) light; switch on I off the light; vacuum cleaner I"Ckju;lm,kli:n;ll dulkitt. siurblys; fridge (infml) I refrigerator In'fnd3;l,relt;l1 saldytuvas; freezer saldiklis; electric cooker~.=ktrine virykle; gas stove dujine virykle; oven IAvn/ orkaite; microwave oven; television; remote control In'm;lut
'tr;JuI!distancinis valdymas; radio; dishwasher; washing machine; ironing board l'aI;lI1IIJ,b:;:dllyginimo lenta; laundry~ bykla, skalbiniai; do the laundry skalbti; (tele)phone /'telI,f;Jun/; speak on lover the telephone; telephone call
- usingusing gyvenamieji namai; gyvenimo s'llygos; maintain Imem'teml islaikyti, priziureti; maintenance l'memt;Jn;Jnslpridiura
"¥ertise I'redv;l,talzl for a flat I house If you had advertised for a flat, you would have had more offers and a better choice.- infml.) I advertisement l;ld'V3:tIsm;lntlreklaminis skelbimas; estate agent !r'stelt,e1d3(;l)ntl nekilnojamo turto agentas
a flat I house isnuomuoti but'l I namq; rent a flat I house issinuomuoti but'll namq; tenant nuomininkas; landlord I landladyomojamo namo I buto savininkas(e); move out issikelti; move to persikelti I was told that they had moved to another-e. move house Moving houses can be very stressful..decorate a house I flat remontuoti (isdaiyti arba istapetuoti) nam'll but'l; renovate atnaujinti, restauruoti; repair a house
remontuoti We must have the house repaired and redecorated. house I flat needs repairing Anybody can see that this• 'WlIseneeds repairing badly. convert Ibn 'V3:t/pertvarkyti, rekonstruoti
warming ikurtuves; have a housewarming party sVt(stiikurtuvesn sale I for sale parduodama This house is on sale. retaining fee isankstinis mokestis; pay the fee; down payment
-- .s inasas; sign a lease Ili:sl pasirasyti nuomos sutarti; put down I pay the deposit sumoketi uzstatq; pay the rent;, . uz nuom'l How much is the rent? - The flat is 32 pounds per week. be included in the rent buti itrauktam i
~ s mokesti Water is included in the rent. the rent I price is quite reasonable nuomos mokestis I kaina yra visiskai_~a; raise the rent pakelti nuomos mokesti
!iDe view from the window; window faces I fronts I looks out on I overlooks The windows of the villa faced the forest.
~on and premises- of houses gyvenaml/.itt. namtt. kvartalas; premise l'premIsI patalpa, pastatas su zemes sklypu; be situated / located;
urb I'SAb3:bl priemiestis; outskirts priemiestis, pakrastys; farmland; farm; residential neighbourhood Icen.f1'nelb;l,hud!gyvenamasis rajonas; industrial I agricultural area l,regn'kAltf(;l)r;l1'e;lri;ll pramoninis I zemes ilio rajonas,
'side kaimo vietove; surroundings IS;l'raundIl)zIapylinkes; fields; valley s\enis; canal/b'nrel/; seaside pajuris;
coast pakrank; beach papludimys; pond tvenkinys; flower-bed geli4. lysve; fountain I'fauntm/; hothouse I greenhousesiltnamis; kitchen garden darias; lawn Ib:n/ veja; orchard 1':J:!f;Jd!vaisi4. sodas; shed darzine; cowshed karvide; stablearklide; yard kiemas; gate vartai; hedge Ihed:y gyvatvore; fence tvora
facilities: j'f;J'srJ;Jtiz/ visuomenines paskirties irenginiai I pastataisports facilities: swimming pool, sports I fitness centre, golf course, tennis courts, playing field zaidimo aikStele, stadium etccultural I'kf.l!f(;J)r;J1!facilities: theatre, opera house, concert hall, radio station, art gallery etceducational l,edju:'keISn(;J)lI facilities: school, college, university Iju:m'V3:S;Jti/, library, museum etccatering I'kelt;Jfll)1facilities vieso maitinimo istaigoscatering and night-life facilities: restaurant, cafe, nightclub, dance-hall, discotransport facilities: bus service, taxi, car rental agency, car park etcother facilities: health centre, law court, job centre, shopping centre, hotel Ih;Ju'teIJ,hostel I'hostl! bendrabutis, chemist('s),police station policijos nuovada, Town Hall rotuse, miesto savivaldybe; municipality municipalitetas, savivaldybe; commu-nity centre miesto sale, bendruomenes centras
adjectives used to describe premisesairy l'e;Jril erdvus; ancient l'emJ(;J)ntl senas, senovinis; cheap pigus; chilly vesus; colourful spalvingas; comfortableI'kAmft;Jbl! patogus, jaukus; common I'kom;Jnl daznai pasitaikantis, iprastas; convenient Ibn'vi:m;mtl patogus, tinkamas;converted Ilc:m'v3:trdl perdirbtas, pakeistas; cosy jaukus, patogus; crowded I'kraudldl sausakimsas, tankiai gyvenamas; eco/i:k;Ju/,ecologically-friendly l,i:b'lod3Ikli'frendli I ekologiskai nekenksmingas; expensive brangus; damp dregnas; desertedIdI'Z3:tld/ istustejl(s; filthy l'frJei/ purvinas, bjaurus; flowery geletas; gorgeous I'g:J:d3;JsIpuikus, prasmatnus; historicistorinis; lively gyvybingas, linksmas; magnificent Im<eg'mfIsntl didingas, nuostabus; pale blyskus, blankus; peacfulramus; picturesque l,plk!f;J'reskl vaizdingas, grazus; plain Iplem I paprastas, kuklus; run-down suirl(s, sunykl(s; scatteredI'sk<et;Jd!issibarstl(s, pabiras; shabby /'J<ebil apleistas, vargingas; spacious I'SpeIS;JsI erdvus; stunning nuostabus, pritrenkiantis;tasteful skoningas; tidy I'taldil tvarkingas; up-to-date naujausias, modernus; valuable I'v<eljugbl/vertingas
I linlel2 lamppost3 knocker4 doorbell 135 door6 doorstep7 drainpipe 128 drain9 letter-bolt
10 sash-window11 window-sill 1012 brick13 slate14 window-pane
9
Row of terraced houses/Terrace
1 chinmey2 chillmey-pot3 eaves4 gable5 garage6 drive7 border8 hose9 sprinkler
10 lawn11 rackeTy12 trellis13 hedge14 picture window15 climber16 gutter17 dOlmer window
1 cowl2 aerial3 conservatory4 French window5 parasol6 clothes-line7 crazy paving8 deck-chair9 vegetable garden
10 garden shed11 back door12 tiles
1 skylight2 roof3 pane4 wall5 porch6 hanging basket7 path8 fence9 bay window
10 garden gate11 casement window
1 Mrs Brown is a busy housewife. Which of the following household chores might she do:a) in the morning? b) at midday? c) in the afternoon? d) in the evening?How long do you think it takes her to do different chores?
make the bedswash upair the roomsdust the furnitureclean the windowsdo the ironinglay the table for breakfastdo her daily shoppingmake dinner / supper
pick up her children from schoolmend clothes and sew on missing buttonsbeat or vacuum the carpets and matssweep the kitchen floor with a broomdo / tidy the rooms if they are in a messtake the dirty linen to the laundrytake her children to schooltake the rubbish out and walk the dogdo some gardening and water the flowers
1 You should think about choosing a business / career / living before you leave school.2 If you're a(n) employee / employer / manager, you have to do what your boss tells you.3 Mrs Black was lifted / promoted / raised after she had worked for two years in the company.4 Usually companies look for workers with the right personality / qualifications / experiences.S If you are paid monthly rather than weekly, you get wages / a salary / a reward.6 What do you plan to do for / on / in a living?7 Send in a CV when applying in / for / at a job.8 As you will see from my biography / CV / letter, I have experience of this kind of work.9 We have vacancies / free places / work for activity organisers to work with children at our camp.o Terry was often late for work and in the end he was thrown out / sacked / turned out.
permanent relaxingunqualified full-time
boring employedbadly paid
fired temporaryinteresting well-paid
part -time skilledstressful
1 It's not a steady job.2 It's a risky job.3 It's an interesting job.
It's boring.S It's an exciting job.
It's very tiring.
It's not well paid.It is poorly paid.You earn a lot of money.You do the same thing all the time.You travel a lot which is exhausting.You spend all day in front of the computer.
a) You apply for the post.b) You seethe ad.c) The company needs another person.d) You earn more money.e) You arrange an appointment for an interview.
f) You accept the job.g) They advertise in the paper.h) You have the interview.i) You do well and get promotion.j) They offer you the job.
USE of ENGLISH1 Use the word in bold to complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence.
You must use between two to five words, including the word given.
1 Normally I have a ten-minute journey to school.takesNormally it to get to school.
2 I can't come at eleven on Saturday as I have an appointment with the hairdresser.havingI can't come at eleven on Saturday because hair cut.
3 I don't mind laying the table if you do the washing up.willI if you agree to wash up.
4 I have had enough of tidying after you every day.tiredI after you every day.
5 They ate dinner and discussed the problem at the same time.wereWhile discussed the problem.
6 Who's your baby-sitter for this evening?lookingWho your baby this evening?
7 I managed to get up on time by going to bed early.lateIf I , I wouldn't have got up on time.
S We were allowed to stay up late if there was a good film on TV.letMy parents if there was a good film on TV.
9 First I'll get a bit of sleep and then I'll get the dinner ready.napAfter I , I'll get the dinner ready.
10 I started this job five years ago.beenI have for five years.
2 Use the word given in brackets to form a word that fits in the sentence best.
If you have left school and haven't got ajob, don't despair. Job (1 advertise) can be found inlocal papers under 'Situations Vacant' or go to your local (2 employ) office. If they haven'tgot a (3 suit) job for you, at least good (4 advise) will be given there. Also,remember to read (5 notice) Job (6 vacant) are displayed on noticeboards outside firms and factories. Local jobs are posted on cards in shopwindows and at post offices. If youhave got necessary (7qualify) for the job that interests you, make an (8 appoint)................................... for an interview. Sometimes an interview is arranged by telephone, but often a written(9 apply) is required. Sometimes the (10 apply) is tested at the interview.Don't be nervous, do your best.
3 Make all the necessary changes and additions to produce sentences, which together make a completeletter. The first sentence has been done for you.
Dear Sir,1 I/ write / apply / position / clerk-typist / advertise / 'The Daily Post' / 2yh November .
.J. am .w.rit.ing.t9. .«pplx hr. tnf. [l{N4(Qn. 9j9Mrk-.tYp,i$t ..q$..qdy.£:.rJi$f.rJ..(lJ.. Th.€i.f)q4y. PQ$.( .'.Qn.2J.(l:z. N9.Y.€imQ.€ir.2 I / be / seventeen-year-old student / final year / Woodland High School.3 During / last two years I / study / English, Maths, Social Studies, Shorthand, Typing and Commerce.4 My shorthand / typing skills / be / good / I / be capable / use / personal computer.5 As you / see / my curriculum vitae / I / work / Jones' Cut Price Store / checkout operator / Saturday mornings
/ school holidays last year.6 I / be / always punctual/reliable / so / employers / be / satisfy / my work.7 I believe I / be suitable / position / office.8 I hope / application (take / consideration.9 If you feel/qualifications meet / requirements, I / be available / interview / convenience.10 I look forward / hear / you.
Yours faithfully,
<;JJaVUoia; CWd.w.n"
Look carefully at each line. Some lines are correct, but some have a word that should not be there. Tickeach correct line. If a line has a word which should not be there, underline the word and write it nextto the number of the line. The first two lines have been done for you.
Work is a very important part of life. It provides people with money.It also gives for them a daily routine and a place to be with other people.Losing a job is very stressful. It can be as much stressful as a divorce orthe death of a close relative. People who are unemployed and often feelangry, depressed, helpless and worthless. Some people develop problemswith their marriages and children, others will get sick or develop problemswith alcohol. The unemployed usually apply for unemployment insurance.Others to use their savings or ask family or friends for money. Unemploymentalways hurts but you must remember that there are things you can to do and thereare choices you can make.
-/o .o fr.!.': .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .
contactpressure
competepromoted
depend gainrecognised
_ly VVork Values
= refer employment which enables me to:
- ontribute to society- have 1........•. ; with people- vork alone- ;vork with a team- :"" with others
- be creative_ 3.......•...•.•.. others- work with details_ 4 •.••.••••. recognition- work out-of-doors
- make decisions- work under s .- use power and authority
• 6- acqUIre new .- be a 7....••....••..•••.• expert
knowledgesolve
pacesupervise
- make a lot of money- help others_ 8...............••. problems_ take 9 ..•••..••••..•.•.•••••••
- work at my own 10.....•
READING and SPEAKING
1 Read the text and choose the most suitable heading A-J for paragraphs 1-10. The first has been done foryou.
A Try to stay calmB Don't be upsetC PreparingD Find out about the company / collegeE The big day arrives
This summer millions of pupils will soon be breaking upfrom school for the last time and heading off to pasturesnew. Whatever the next step is (whether it is college,university or a full-time job) the chances are that it willinvolve an interview of some kind.
11 (; I Your school can often help you prepare bygiving you a mock interview. This is a useful process, butcan be more beneficial and realistic if you don't know theperson interviewing you.Talk to older friends or family members about their interviewexperiences. Write down any difficult questions they wereasked and think about how you would answer them.
12 IOn the day of the interview, remember to takethe following things with you:- the address of the place where your interview is and amap. Make sure you know how to get there.- a copy of your CV or application form. It will beembarrassing if you can't remember the information you'vegiven about yourself. It's also good to have a copy to handif you have to clarify any points you've made.- a list of questions to ask. There are going to be things youwant to know, so get them down on paper. It's easy to forgetthem when the pressure's on.- a mobile phone so that you can phone up if you are delayed,or find yourself hopelessly lost.Aim to be at the place of your interview about 15 minutesbefore it takes place. You can use this time to refresh yourselfwith your questions or just relax and take a few deep breaths.And, of course remember to answer any calls of nature (itcould be some time before you get the chance again.)
13 IEven if you feel like a bag of nerves, there arethings you can do to give the impression of confidence;speak clearly and calmly. It's easy to talk too quickly whenyou're nervous - so relax and slow down. Sit in a comfortableposition so you don't feel the need to fidget.
F Be confidentG Wear appropriate clothingH Don't be too demandingI Think over the questions you are likely to be askedJ Don't lie
14 I This way, you are less likely to be faced witha question you don't know how to answer, but be carefulnot to over-prepare. Your answer might sound 'learned' orlacking in conviction.
15 I This shows that it's not only the job type thatyou're interested in - you want to work lor this particularcompany. It will also help you ask relevant questions.
I 6 ..1 This needn't necessarily be a suit but youshould look neat and tidy. It's important to wear somethingthat you feel comfortable in, so tryon clothes before theday of the interview.
17 1 Interviews can be a pretty nerve-wrackingexperience, but try not to feel frightened. If you find aquestion difficult, allow yourself a few seconds to thinkabout what you're going to say. And don't let it ruin the restof your interview if you think you have said the wrong thing.An experienced interviewer will be used to dealing withpeople's nerves.
Is IDon't go into an interview with over-ambitiousor inflexible ideas about what you want from the job.While it's good to show that you are in no position to makedemands. Never appear too eager to talk about money orother added advantages. Employers will question yourmotives for applying for the job.
19 ILying is a risky business. Most people aren'tas good at lying as they think they are and an interviewercan often tell when a response isn't honest. On the otherhand, if you are a successful liar, you will have to keep upany response pretences you have made for a long time.
110 1 It's easier said than done, but don't lose heartif you are unsuccessful. It's worthwhile finding out whyyou have been rejected. Consider phoning or writing to thecompany and asking for some feedback. This will give yousomething to work on for your next interview.
1 beneficial (para 1)2 embarrassing (para 2)3 to clarify (para 2)4 confidence (para3)5 to fidget (para 3)6 lacking in conviction (para 4)
7 relevant (para 5)8 dealing with (para 7)9 inflexible ideas (para 8)10 response (para 9)11 rejected (paralO)12 feedback (para 10)
3 Complete these sentences using the words from Ex 2. Make any changes that are necessary.
1 He was for the army because of his bad eyesight.2 You are too shy: you should have more in yourself.3 Fresh air is to everyone's health.4 I find it really very when I have to talk in front of a lot of people.S How should the government with the AIDS crisis?6 Students will find a list of articles at the back of the book.7 There have been several to our advertisement.8 I wish you'd stop with that box of matches.
4 Read the dialogues. The following sentences have been removed from them. Decide where each ofthem should be fitted in. Make similar dialogues of your own.
A And may I ask about the salary?B And where do you come from?
C Can you tell me about the work schedule?D Have you got any hobbies or special interests?
You: 1 .
Personnel Officer: Yes. Hours are from nine to five-thirty, with a lunch break at one. Sometimes we'll askyou to work overtime or at weekends.
You: I see. 2•..•..•...•..•..•.•..•••....•.......•
PO: Yes. The salary is five dollars an hour. Have you got any more questions?You: No, I don't think so.PO: Before we finish, tell me a little more about yourself.You: All right. Let me see ... I'm married. My husband is a security guard at the factory. We have two children,
a son and a daughter.PO: 3 .
You: I'm from Florida.PO: 4 .
You: Yes. I play the piano and I take dance lessons.PO: I see. It was nice to talk to you. You'll hear from us soon.You: Thank you very much.
A Have you had any previous experience?B And have you got a driving licence?
C Now, do you know this area at all?D When would you be able to start?
rt."hy_[he:you MrB:
Ann:MrB:Ann:
Mr Brown: Come in, Ann. Take a seat, please.Ann: Thank you.Mr B: 1 .
Ann: Quite well. My grandparents live just on the outskirts of the town so I have been coming here forholidays since I was little. I'm staying with them at the moment.Oh, that's nice. 2....................................•
Yes. I've been driving for four years now.Good. Now, could you tell me why you think you would be right for this job? 3 .
Well, I've managed to get quite a bit of experience by taking jobs and I always liked working withchildren.I see Well, I can't make any promises, but you do sound just the sort of person we're lookingfor. 4 .
As soon as I finish my Nursery Teacher's course.
Secretary:Caller:
Smith and Watson. Can I help you?Good morning. This is Evelyn Hyde, thePersonnel Officer of Candy and CookySweets. Could I speak to your sales manager,Mr Smith, please?I'm sorry but Mr Smith is out at lunch andwon't be back for at least another hour. Wouldyou like to leave a message or shall I ask MrSmith to ring you when he gets back?Please ask him to ring me at my office 5008469, before 5.30 if possible. I want to takeup a reference; Miss Marina Sullivan hasapplied for a job here and she says that MrSmith knows her very well.I'll see he gets the message. Goodbye.
6 Tell about Tina's life joining the given sentences in the columns. Use the conjunctions and, so, but wherenecessary.
Plans1 Go to university.2 Find a job in Berlin.3 Study English in London.4 Stay with an English family.5 Study English for a year.6 Work in England after finishing school.7 Not going to work in her parents' shop.
Reality1 Failed exams. Left school at seventeen.2 No jobs. Decided to go to England to study English.3 Didn't like London. Went to Oxford instead.4 Changed her mind. Stayed in a student hostel.5 Didn't have enough money. Finished after ten months.6 Couldn't find ajob. Came back to Berlin.7 Needed money. She did.
• what her / his daily routine on week-days is• what slhe would like to change about it and why• where and when s/he has her / his meals• how slhe feels at the end of the day• which part of her / his working day is the most interesting / boring• which part of the day is the most difficult for her / his family• how housework is divided among the members of her / his family• what slhe thinks of young people having part-time jobs• what slhe usually does on her / his days off• how s/he imagines her / his ideal day off
• if it is better to study after school, to combine work and studies or to take a gap year• if s/he had to choose, what s/he would prefer: keeping her / his career or staying at home. Why?• what her / his future career plans are• if slhe would like to have a temporary or a permanent job• if s/he prefers working with others or by herself / himself• what aspects of her / his future job he/she would find most rewarding (good salary, meeting people,
helping others, chances to travel etc)
WRITING
1Simon is a student at college and is looking for some part-time job. Read his letter of application. Put theparagraphs of the letter in the right order writing the numbers 1-5 in the boxes. The first has been donefor you.
16 Lloyd StreetGlenville 4223
28 November, 2003The Personnel ManagerPo. Box 112Richmond 5200
Dear Sir or Madam,
CI:!J In addition, I would like to point out that I have got some experience in working withchildren. Last summer I worked as a group leader at an activity camp in Sherwood. In 2001I helped to organise sport activities at a Sport Summer Camp and everybody was satisfiedwith my work. 1have enclosed references from my previous employers.
D=:EJ I look forward to hearing from you.
ITIJ I am a nineteen-year-old student at Glenville College of Technologies. In spring I finishedWoodland High School. I believe that I am suitable for the job for a number of reasons. Firstly,during the last two years I have been taking part and have won medals in various swimmingcompetitions. Also, I was a member of the school athletics team for two years and played volleyballfor the school 'B'team. So I am strong and physically fit. Secondly, I have attended a first aidcourse and I am capable of giving first aid in emergency situations.
[]]] I hope you will consider my application. I am available for an interview at your convenience.
~ I am writing to apply for the position of swimming pool attendant as advertised in the 'Mercury' on25th November (Advertisement number DK564).
Yours faithfully,$im<Jn, gJflIl1wv
rite the formal letter in Ex. 1 in the right order. Read the following statements and tick (/) thewhich' apply to the given letter.
The writer:uses formal language without short forms and abbreviationsknows the person he is writing to and doesn't use a formal greetingfollows the layout of formal letterswrites his address on the right with no name in itdoesn't write the address of the person / company he is writing tostates why he is writing in the opening paragraphwrites in blocked paragraphs leaving a blank line between the paragraphsuses linking words to make his writing flow betterincludes the information that is relevant to the job he is applying forsigns off on the right-hand side of the page
3 How does Simon organise his CV? Read the CV and put the following items in the correct order. The firsthas been done for you.
o a work experience, starting from the mostrecent one
o b interests outside schoolOJ c all the necessary personal information at the topD d information about his education (the name of the
school finished, subjects studied)
D e examinations takenD f the names of refereesD g responsibilities he had in the past at schoolD h his most important personal qualities relevant
to the post he is applying forD i key skills relevant to the job
NameDate of birthAgeNationality
Simon Parker10April, 198419British citizen
Phone number 8765432Marital Status singleAddress 16 Lloyd Street
Glenville 4223
Personal profileReliable, well-organised, used to working on my own initiative
Key skillsFamiliar with Microsoft Word and ExcelClean driving licenceFirst Aid Course CertificateFluent in German
Education2003 - present20031991 - 2003
Glenville College of TechnologiesGeneral Certificate of High EducationWoodland High School, Glenville
2003 Advanced Level examinations inHistory, Maths, Chemistry, Modern Technologies
ResponsibilitiesMember of School CouncilCaptain of school's volleyball teamRepresented school at swimming, athletics and volleyball
Work experience2002 Children's Activity Summer Camp, Sherwood: group leader2001 Sport Summer Camp, Glenville: assistant activity organiser
InterestsMember of the local folk song groupPhotography
RefereesMrs Susan Taylor, leader of Children's Activity Summer Camp in SherwoodMr Peter Roberts, Headteacher of Woodland High School
4 You have seen the following advertisement and have decided to apply for the job. Write your letter ofapplication (120-150 words) and your CV. You may use the set phrases and expressions given below.
required for Halls Trade Centre to work at weekends at newsouvenir shops near the Castle.
Applicants must:• be 18 years of age and over• speak fluent English (German preferable)• be reliable and responsible• have a pleasant personality Basic knowledge of PC (to issue receipts) is an advantage.
Write to Personnel Manager of Halls Trade Centre,26 Bank Road, Liverpool
Set phrases for writing a letter of applicationI am writing with regard to / in connection with your advertisement in ...J am interested in applying for the job of ...I am presently working for / at ...I have been working for ...I am familiar with / experienced in / fluent in ...As you can see from my curriculum vitae, ...I consider myself well-qualified for the position of ...If you feel that my qualifications meet your requirements, note that I am available for an interview at yourconvenience.I have enclosed a copy of my curriculum vitae describing my qualifications and experience.
_ccept I~k'septl priimtiquire 1~'kwaI~1 i(si)gyti; is(si)ugdyti
'd leIdl pagalba. lelmf nu(si)taikyti; ketinti; tikslas
~ply I~'plar/ kreiptis, prasytiplicant I'<eplrbnt/ kandidatas, pretendentas
...:.,pointment 1~'pDIntm~ntl paskyrimas, susitarimas susitiktipropriate I~'pr~upn~t/ (ati)tinkamas
ge 1~'remQ31susitarti, organizuotiudant I~'tend~nt/ priziiiretojas. able I~'velidbl! galimas naudotieficial l,ben~'fIS~11 naudingas, palankusm Ibru:m/ sluota
on l'bAtn/ sagable I'kelp~bll sumanus; galintis, link((s'out I'ifekautl kasa
re lif~:1namll ruosa; nemalonus darbas. y I'kl<er~,far/ (pa)aiskintipete Ibm'pi:tl variytis, konkuruotidence l'konfId(~)nsl pasitikejimas'deration Ibn,sId~'reISnl svarstymas, atidumas'bute Ibn'tnbju:tl prisideti, tureti itakos
,'ction Ibn'vrkJ~n/ isitikinimaswith) Idi:V tvarkyti; tureti reikalll
_ Idr'ler! atideti, uzlaikytiding IdI 'ma :ndIlJI reikalaujantis daug pastangll
'r IdI'spe~1 netekti vilties)" IdI'spler! isdestyti
ree Idl'V~:sl skyrybosi:g~1 trokstantis, siekiantis
rassing /rm'b<er~SIlJI nepatogus, gluminantis",ency /r'm~:Q3(~)nsil kritiska padetis, nenumatytas atvejis
~::..:l:';e/m'k1duzJ idetiting IIg 'z~:stIlJI varginantisck I'fi:db<ek! griztamasis rysysfld3Iti nenustygti vietojemore l,f~:o~'m~:1 dar daugiau, be to
~ern/ igyti, igautieiti, patraukti
Im'klu:dl itraukti (daryti dalimi)Ie Im'f1eks~bl/ nelankstus
. e!I'mJ~tIv/iniciatyvace 1m'Ju~r~nsl draudimasll'volvl itraukti Ci veiklq)
-' ni lyginti drabuzius
lack /lrek/ netureti, stokotilaundry /'b:ndril skalbykla; skalbiniailayout 1'leIautl isplanavimas, isdestymaslinen I'lmml lininis audinys; uztiesalai; skalbiniaimend taisytimock Imokl netikras, apsimestinisnap Inrepl pogulisneat Ini:tl svai-us, tvarkingasnerve-wracking I'n~:v,rrekIlJI nervus gadinantispace IpeIsl greitis, tempaspasture l'pa:stJ ~I ganyklapermanent I'p~:m~n~ntl pastovus, nuolatinispreferable f'pref~r~bl/ labiau pageidautinaspressure I'preJ~1 spaudimas, itampa, nastapretence Ipn'tensl apsimetimaspretend Ipn'tend! apsimestiprevious I'pri:vI~sl ankstesnispromote Ipdm~ut/ paaukstinti, reklamuotirecent I'ri:sntl dabartinisrecognition I,rebg 'mJni pripazinimasreferee I,ref~'ri:/ rekomenduojantis asmuoreference I' refr( ~)nsl rekomendacijarefresh In'freJI atgaivintireject/n'Q3ekt! atmesti, at(si)sakytirelevant I'rel~v~nt/ svarbus, tinkamas, susij((srequirement In' kWaI;)m~ntl reikala vimasresponse In'sponsl atsakymas; reakcijarewarding IrI 'W~:dIlJIteikiantis pasitenkinim'lrubbish l'rAbIJI siuksles; nes'lmones, niekaisack (infml) Isrekl atleisti is darbosalary I'srel~ril algasavings I'seIVIlJz/ santauposschedule I'Jedju:l, 'skedju:ll planas, tvarkarastissew Is~ul siutishorthand /'J~:t,hrendl stenografavimassign IsaIni zenklas; pasirasytiskill igudimas, igudissupervise /'su:p~vaIZI priziiiretisweep Iswi:pl sIuotitemporary I'temp(~)r~ri/ Iaikinasvacancy /'veIbnsi/ laisva darbo vietavacuum I'vrekju~m/ (is)valyti du1kill siurbliuwages f'welQ3lzl atlyginimasworthless l'w~:eJ~sl bevertis, niekam tik((sworthwhile l,w~:El'wadl vertas, prasmingas
ADDITIONAL WORD BANKat homedo a room tvarkyti kambari [want to do the sitting room and the bedrooms before our guests arrive. doing uptvarkymas, valymas; duty I responsibility pareiga; help sb about the house [always help my mother about the house.housewife (housewives); housework namJ.!mosa; do the washing I ironing I cooking Who is going to do the cooking?do the dishes I windows I floors I laundry Let me help you do the laundry.
bedtime; lie (lay, lain) down prigulti, guleti; lie in I sleep in: to stay in bed later than usual We usually lie in on Sunday. nappogulis; have I take a nap; put sb to bed; relax atsipalaiduoti; rest I take a rest ilsetis; slow down I take things easynepersitempti; stay in neiseiti is namll, biiti namie I'm staying in tonight to watch television. stay up neiti miegoti Ourmum didn't let us stay up until late.
at workapply for a job I the post I the position; a letter of application I an application form pareiskimas, prasymas You haveto fill in an application form first. break pertrauka We have an hour's break for lunch at our factory. canteen Ikren'ti:n1valgykla (istaigoje); commute Ib'mju:tl reguliariai vaiineti (i darbq ir pan.) cooperate I collaborate with sbbendradarbiauti; cope susidoroti, susitvarkyti He's taken more work than he can cope with. days off I free days iseiginesdienos; deadline paskutinis terminas Friday is the deadline for presenting your projects. employer darbdavys Daniel'semployers offered to pay for the course. employee darbuotojas Their employees worked a ten-hour day. engagementidarbinimas, uisiemimas; hectic: very busy I've had a very hectic day at the office. get the sack (infml) I be fired I bedismissed biiti atleistam is darbo; on business su reikalais She is away on business at the moment. open I vacantposition I vacancy laisva vieta The position has been vacant for several months. They've got a vacancy at the SalesDepartment. teamwork; work permit You can't work here without a work permit. working life [lived abroad for mostof my working life.
the work schedule /'Sedju:l ,'skedju:l/ darbo valandos; short I long I steady I unsteady working hours; start work;stop I finish work; work by the day dirbti padieniui; shift IJrft/ pamaina; work shifts dirbti pamainomis; day shift Inight shift My father works the day shift.
work as She is working as a nurse. work for She works for an oil company. work on I at sth Scientists have beenworking on this problem for years.
unemployment nedarbas Last year unemployment rose to its highest level. unemployment benefit I insurance1m' Ju;)r:ms/ bedarbio pasalpa She's been on unemployment benefit for the last few years. Employment Agency idarbinimoagentiira; social security socia line apsauga
workchallenging, complicated, dangerous, dull, hard, important, light, manual rankJ.!, fizinis; mental protinis;monotonous, permanent, physical, professional, (un)qualified, rewarding, seasonal, (un)skilled, steady,temporary, voluntary I'vol;)nt;)ri/ savanoriskas
workercareful, (in)competent, conscientious l,konJi'enJ;)sl s'l.iiningas, stropus; dedicated, freelance neetatinis, laisvai samdomas;hardworking, lazy, low-paid, the private sector, slow, thorough 1'8Ar;)/ kruopstus; workaholic; a blue-collar workerdarbininkas; a white-collar worker tarnautojas
to work . alone, efficiently efektyviai, nasiai; independently; round the clock istis'l. par'l.; smoothly sekmingai, sklandiiai
incomeincome pajamos You have a good income. increase Im'kri:s/ augti, (pa)diddi, (pa)didinti; living pragyvenimas Do youknow what she does for a living? earn uidirbti He earns a living by carpenting. earnings uidarbis; tax(es) valstybinismokestis We do not propose to increase income tax. reward atlyginimas, atpildas; pension; grant I scholarship stipendija;tip arbatpinigiai; pocket money kisenpinigiai; allowance /;)'lau;)nsl pasalpa He was given an allowance of 50 Lt.
salary is a fixed amount of money that people earn each month or year from their job. Teachers' salaries in Londonare quite high.wage(s) is an amount of money that people earn for working usually according to how many hours or days they work eachweek or month. She earns a good wage at the factory.pay is the money that someone receives as his salary or wages. She lost her 3 weeks' pay. How much pay do you get?
prospectsprospects perspektyvos, ateities planai There will be good prospects for me if [ accept this job. ambition /;)m'brJnIsiekis, troskimas Her ambition was to be a lawyer. experience /rk'spr;)ri;)nsl patyrimas Do you have any previousexperience of this job? qualify as igyti kvalifikacij'l., teis« dirbti I hope to qualify as a doctor. His training qualifies himas a teacher of English. qualifications; promotion paaukstinimas He has got / gained a promotion.curriculum vitae (CV) Ibr'rkjul;)m'vi:tar/ duomenys apie moksl'l. ir darbin« veikl'l.
!lse.
'ng?
nap5 easy
Ollr
have_ i:n1orb sb:,:o·nes.;miel's, ment
/ becantSales
. .,.most
• the activities you have done• the activities you are engaged in
• the activities you would like to take up in the future• the activities you would never take up
doing crossword puzzles, playing draughts / chess, video-making, dressmaking, knitting, gardening, fishing,camping, swimming, cycling, skateboarding, doing extreme sports (mountaineering, skydiving, hang-glidingetc), embroidery, playing sports games (football, basketball etc),jogging, photography, reading books, listeningto music, collecting (antiques, coins, stamps, posters etc) .
2 Divide the words below into following groups: books, music, cinema, drama theatre. Some words maysuit more than one group.
work;shift /
chapter, screen, stage, orchestra, best-seller, scene, playwright, conductor, stalls, director, author, star, composer,cameraman, novelist, box-office, paperback, audience, musical, curtain, science fiction, poem, cinema-goer,documentary, actress, cloakroom, edition, disc jockey, plot, scenery, first-night, matinee, role
3 Decide which category (books, films) the phrases could refer to. Which words and phrases could refer toance both?
inimo
omas;worker
a high quality productiona waste of time and moneyunpredictable endingbreathtaking scenesfunny and amusing partsvivid descriptions of characterstrue-to-life
well-writtenaction-packedworth readinginformativeblockbustergnppmgexciting
badly directedeasy to readspecial effectsslow in developmentappeals to all agesrealistic dialoguespowerful
long and boringhair-raising stuntsa box-office hitfull of suspensehighly entertainingthe story is setenjoyable
~otinis;steady,
, Do you~tybinis
ndija;J.
Parts of the film were shot in the studio in Hollywood, but most were made in the streetsof New York, which makes it at times like a documentary.
2 When I want to relax, I listen to classical music or go to watch in the Art Gallery.3 Television does enable us to enjoy all kinds of sports events but, to my mind, stay-at-home sports fans
should try to fit and take part in various outdoor activities themselves.4 In 2004 Greece was the country for the Olympic Games.5 Students of philology have to read a lot of , consult plenty of dictionaries and books.6 We had some coffee during the between the acts and discussed the performance.
Who is the most popular in your country and what sort of music do they play?My brother often borrows books from our public library because he is a great reader of .fiction, adventure and detective stories.
9 The plot of the novel is sometimes too complicated to follow but still it's a very book.10 The enjoyed the play so much that they applauded for ten minutes.
5 Choose the word that fits each gap best.
Sport and TVI think you will agree that there are three kinds of people who are 1..............•.. in sport: people who 2...........•• _.
part in various sport activities, people who only watch sports, and people who watch sport 3 tele\·i.·It's very easy to make fun of stay-at-home sports 4 ••••••••••••••••• , but on the other hand, television does ena >~to enjoy all kinds of sports events. We can watch a racing car 5 .•••.•.••.••..•.• another, see a cyclist 6 ...............•• -
finishing line, or 7 ••••••••••••••••• the goals of our favourite football team. The first time I watched a tennis 8 ..•.....••• _
was on television, and I found it unexpectedly interesting. It's not always easy to 9 long distan ?S
football 10•••••.••..••.•.•. , and television is a good solution. Of course, you can 11••.••.••••.•••••• used to sitting'all the time, and this is dangerous. We should all try to keep fit, and have other interests and 12 .............••••••
1 a) playing b) succeed c) interested 7 a) like b) enjoy c) am -~2 a) take b) have c) make 8 a) match b) court c) pi .3 a) on b) through c) by 9 a) trip b) tour c) tra\·~4 a) people b) centres c) fans 10 a) areas b) grounds c) t5 a) cross b) overtaking c) or 11 a) got b) get c) h ~6 a) overtake b) and c) crossing 12 a) customs b) habits c)
USE of ENGLISH
1 PRODUCT2 TENSE3 DIRECT4 SCENE5 DESCRIBE6 NOVEL7 DEFINITE8 ACTIVE9 EQUIP10 ENTERTAIN
This multi-million has a lot of breathtaking scenes.The special effects are spectacular and create an atmosphere of __Steven Spielberg is one of the most outstanding 0
Junior students helped in painting the for our perfo{::;:::!::I::::=",The author presents vivid and detailed of the cCharles Dickens is a well-known British .The novel appeals to all ages and I recornmen i .Various outdoor relieve stress and give us energy.Photography is a hobby which requires expensive .It's a highly film and I'm sure everybody \ ill e .
2 Read the text carefully. Each line has a word missing. Use the words from the box to complete thYou can use the same word only once. Put a stroke (I) in the place where a word is missing. themissing word next to the number of the line. The first has been done for you as an example.
I like cinema very much. I try to see all the best films that Ion at the cinema.I know the names of many actors, directors and cameramen. I no art is soaccessible as cinema. Not long I saw an American film that once was called'the greatest motion picture all times'. That film is based on the novel 'Gonewith the Wind' by Margaret Mitchell. It is a beautiful young woman, ScarletO'Hara and 12 years of her life just before, and after the American Civil War.Rhett Butler, a handsome dark hero is in love Scarlet, but she doesn't lovehim. She is in love with someone. A Hollywood film producer, David O. Selznickinvited a young British actress, Vivien Leigh to the part of Scarlet. A famous film starof the time, Clark Gable, played the part of Rhett Butler. With great attention the detailof the nineteenth century setting director and the cameraman did their best to revealthe romantic story. I enjoyed the film even more I had read the novel before.
o -_I --.--
3 _4 __5 __6 .
8 __9 .10 __11 "' _
Someone has counted about one thousand personal interests 1 ways to spend one's free time.Collecting coins, stamps and postcards 2 one of the most popular hobbies. Lots 3 ..........•..•........
people are interested 4 ••..............•...•.• music, art, cinema and theatre. Some people like taking photos5 camcordering. Millions of people 6 fond of music and sport.I don't have 7 time for leisure during 8 week. Apart from aerobics 9 .
Tuesday night and jogging in the morning most 10•.......•.....•.••.••.•.. my time is spent at school. 11•...•.•.•.•.•.•.••.•.•.•.
the weekend I like 12.............•.•....•..... visit friends or go to the disco. 13.•.•.•.••.•.•.•.•••.•.• favourite pastime is14•.•.•.••••..•.••.•.•.•.•.•.. do crosswords and to create 15•.•..•..•..••.•.••.•••.•.•.•.• myself.
You:Friend:You:Friend:You:Friend:You:Friend:You:Friend:You:Friend:
What I ?Books that are easy to read and exciting.Who 2 •...••...........•...••.••...•.••..•........................................•..•••.•••......•••..•••... ?Oh, John Le Carre, Len Deighton - writers like that.Do 3 ?No, not only spy stories. I do read other kinds of books too.And what 4 ...............................•.....••.•.....•..••.••...•.•...•........•...................... ?At the moment? Well, I'm on the very last chapter of a book by J. G. Ballard.What 5.•••...•..•.....•.•.•..•..•...••..•••..•...........................•....•.•.•••..••..•.••.•..••.•••.•. ?'Empire of the Sun'.What 6 ...••.......•.....•......•..........................•..•..••.•.............•.•.•.••...•.•.••.•.•.••... ?It's about a boy who is separated from his parents during the war.
READING and SPEAKING
Read the text Film Star Wars and say whether the statements are true or false. Underline the sentencesthat led you to choose each answer.
1 The films Leonardo takes part in are not always popular.2 Leonardo DiCaprio held a press conference because the filming of The Beach was blamed for destroying
the environment.3 The role of Arnie in What's Eating Gilbert Grape? revealed his talent.4 Leonardo DiCaprio was awarded one of the greatest nominations for the main role in What's Eating Gilbert
Grape?5 Ewan McGregor took part in raising money for charity in the United States.6 Ewan usually listens to Elvis Presley's songs when he wants to entertain himself.7 Christina Ricci is popular with bad-tempered, horrible teenagers.8 Christina doesn't deny that she had serious health problems.9 Christina is a qualified actor.10 Cameron Diaz says that she doesn't want to become famous.11 Cameron enjoys taking risks and spending money.
[j Leonardo DiCaprioThe box office factor: Well ... put it this way; The Beachhas a budget of $ 45 million and Leo is being paid $25 millionof it. Teenage bedroom walls are covered with him and thereare 393,421 listings of his name on the Internet. Any film heis in is bound* to be a success. On the other hand, due toLeo mania, many people have gone off* him a bit and somemight even see him as a bit naff* now.
The 'nice' factor: Considered a 'party animal' , he travelseverywhere with ten friends who he hangs out withconstantly. By all accounts, he is also very generous.Accusations that the filming of The Beach was destroyingthe environment upset Leo so much that he held a pressconference about it.
Body: When teenage magazine Bliss held a readers' pollfor 'world's sexiest boy' Leo got over 70% of the vote.However, some scenes with him in his swimming trunks werecut from The Beach because he was looking a bit 'chunky'.Talent rating: The role that most showed his talent wasas Arnie the 'mentally challenged' hyperactive youngerbrother of grocery clerk Gilbert Grape in Whats EatingGilbert Grape ? His performance earned him an Oscarnomination for the best supporting actor.'Cool' factor: He doesn't want just to be seen as a teenageheart-throb* and in the past he has accepted scripts forsmall films just because he liked the story.Other things: He's very close to his parents. He loves beinga clown on the sets of his movies. However, it was no jokewhen a boat turned over while he was filming The Beachand he had to swim for his life.
iii Ewan McGregorThe box office factor: The world's his oyster*. Having beenin Trainspotting, A Life Less Ordinary and numerous otherfilms, he's been a major contender* for a while but hisPhantom Menace success means 'The Force' is nowdefinitely with him. He is also currently directing his ownsmall film called Tube Tales.The 'nice' factor: Last year, he helped raise money for RedNose Day (a charity day in the UK when people do sillythings and buy and wear red plastic noses.) He adoresspending time with his wife and daughter and is a familyman through and through.Body: Several of his film roles have required nudity whichhe's been quite happy to do.Talent rating: He has had such a huge variety of roles andaccents. When he rang up the producer of American hospitaldrama ER and asked to be in it, they gave him an hour-longspecial. Danny Boyle, maker of films like Trainspotting haschosen him for many of his films, although Boyle decidedto pick Leonardo for The Beach.'Cool' factor: When he was six, he used to pretend he wasElvis Presley to entertain his parents' guests.Other things: If he has to make himself cry for a role, helistens to Old Shep - a song about a faithful old dog thatdies.
iii Christina RicciThe box office factor: Having practically grown up on screen,her recent films such as The Ice Storm, The Opposite OfSex, Packer, 200 Cigarettes and Go (and soon to be filmedGhost World) show she has cornered the market in sarcastic,moody, bitchy* teenagers.The 'nice' factor: 'Nice' is not the first word that springs
to most people's minds because of the characters sheplays. In fact, the makers of Sleepy Hollow (a film she'smaking with Johnny Depp) checked she didn't really havea dark personality before they agreed to use her. Shejokingly says, 'I'll be bitter and twisted when I'm 40because I'm kind of leaning that way already'.Body: She is quite open about the fact that when she was15, she had anorexia but in her own words, 'I've acceptedthat I'm never going to be totally skinny and I've got overit. It's just a shame the way people link beauty and thinness'.Talent rating: Though she's never had an acting lesson,her acting has won universal praise. It all stems fromappearing more angry than she really is and freaking peopleout.'Cool' factor: People admire her honesty and her humour.She doesn't kiss up* to anyone.Other things: She's both self-assured and insecure. 'I wantto be treated like an adult but at times when I'm filmingaway from home I want to say, 'I'm 18, you'd better assignme a parent. Or at least find me a hotel where someone cancome and find my dead body.' Cher is one of her biggestfans and when she was younger she took Christina underher wing.
~ Cameron DiazThe box office factor: Since her success in SomethingAbout Mary, people have accepted that she is not just apretty face.The 'nice' factor: She is nice but that's part of the problem;she would like to be given roles where she is less of a nai vechild. She managed this with her latest movie, Bad Thingswhere she plays a less than sweet bride.Body: She used to be a model and several movie magazineshave called her the sexiest woman on earth.Talent rating: Although she had never acted, she has shownthat she has talent for comedy. Danny Boyle, maker ofTrainspotting, The Beach and A Life Less Ordinary says hewas totally impressed with her.'Cool' factor: She claims she isn't particularly fazed* byfame and it doesn't interest her, it's just that she likes acting.She proved herself to be game for a laugh while filmingboth My Best Friends Wedding and A Life Less Ordinaryby agreeing to do karaoke in a room full of hostile strangerswhen she knew she couldn't sing. Actually she is quite gutsyin general. Firstly, she has racing car driving as a hobbyand secondly, because when she was filming A Life LessOrdinary in LA, all the other actors requested driversbecause they felt safer. Cameron turned down the offerand drove herself.Other things: She's a total spendaholic.
GLOSSARYbound to be: almost certain to be; go off someone: to stop liking someone so much; naCC:(Br infml)unoriginal, without style; a heart-throb: someone whom everyone finds very attractive; the world is hisoyster: (infml) he can do whatever he wants; contender: someone who competes with other people for aprize or job; be bitchy: to be mean and horrible to people; kiss up to someone: (infml) to do or say nicethings to make someone like you; faze: (infml esp US) to upset or shock sb, esp so that they cannot continuedoing sth.
wrycers
tsytlbyLess'ers
affer
Section A1 is almost certain to be successful .2 spends a lot of time with .3 he loves his parents .4 had to save himself by swimming .
Section C8 bad-tempered .9 I have overcome .10 helped and protected Christina .
Section B5 without any doubt .6 at the present time .7 to amuse .
Section D11 people think it's true that .12 she succeeded in doing this .13 she is courageous and enjoys taking risks14 asked for dri vers .
1 constant - .2 accuse - .3 perform - .4 current - .5 nude - .6 faith - .
7 person - .8 joke - .9 skin - .10 thin - .11 secure - .12 total- .
• who his / her favourite actors are• if s/he would like to be a famous film star. Why? Why not?• what his / her ideas about cinema as an art form are• if there are any Lithuanian films produced nowadays• if cinema attendance has fallen or risen lately• what film s/he saw last and what it was about• if s/he had to decide where to go: to the cinema, to a concert or to the theatre, which s/he would choose.
Why?• what influences her / him when deciding on a film or show to see (stars, director, reviews, personal
recommendation, advertisements, other influences)
- Work in pairs. Answer the following questions and compare your answers with the information given inthe text.
1 Which is easier to get the news from: newspapers or TV?2 Which is more interesting: to read a biography of a famous person or to watch a television programme about
her / him?3 Which is usually cheaper: a paperback or an evening at the cinema?4 What books should be in every home?
a) non-fiction books, such as dictionaries and encyclopediasb) fiction, such as novels, short stories and books of poemsc) a mixture of both good non-fiction and your favourite fiction
Why Read ?Some people think that as more and more people have televisions in their homes, fewer and fewer people willbuy books and newspapers. Why read an article in the newspaper, when the TV news can bring you theinformation in a few minutes and with pictures? Why read a novel, when a play on television can tell you thesame story with colour, picture and action? Why read the biographies of famous men and women, when anhour-long television programme can tell you everything you want to know?Television has not killed reading, however. Today, newspapers and magazines sell in very large numbers. Andbooks of every kind are sold more than ever before. Books are still a cheap way to get information andentertainment. Although some books with hard covers are expensive, many books are published today as paperback
paperback books, which are reasonably cheap. A paperback novel, for example, is almost always cheaper r
an evening at the cinema or theatre, and you can keep a book forever and read it many times.Books in the home are a wonderful source of knowledge and pleasure and some types of books shoulevery home. Every home should have a good dictionary. Every home should have an atlas of the world.large clear maps. It might be expensive, but a good encyclopedia is useful, too, because you can find infoon any subject. In addition, it is useful to have on your bookshelves other non- fiction books, science tex .cookery books, books about medicine and health, etc. It is equally important to have some fiction 0 _
shelves, too. Then you can relax with a good story, or from time to time you can take a book of poem 0= __
shelves and share the thoughts and feelings of your favourite poets.
• if slhe is fond of reading• what kind of literature slhe prefers and why• what book s/he read last and what it was about• her / his opinion of films based on books• if s/he believes that watching TV can replace
reading books and why• if slhe buys books or borrows them from the
public library
• who the most famous Lithuanian writer• what books by popular contemporary wri ~
would recommend to read and why• why slhe likes / dislikes reading books• who her / his favourite author is. Wh ?• what English / American writers slhe kno
paperback books, which are reasonably cheap. A paperback novel, for example, is almost always cheaper thaan evening at the cinema or theatre, and you can keep a book forever and read it many times.Books in the home are a wonderful source of knowledge and pleasure and some types of books should be :every home. Every home should have a good dictionary. Every home should have an atlas of the world, wilarge clear maps. It might be expensive, but a good encyclopedia is useful, too, because you can find informati(on any subject. In addition, it is useful to have on your bookshelves other non-fiction books, science textboolcookery books, books about medicine and health, etc. It is equally important to have some fiction on ycshelves, too. Then you can relax with a good story, or from time to time you can take a book of poems off ycshelves and share the thoughts and feelings of your favourite poets.
• if s/he is fond of reading• what kind of literature s/he prefers and why• what book s/he read last and what it was about• her / his opinion of films based on books• if s/he believes that watching TV can replace
reading books and why• if s/he buys books or borrows them from the
public library
• who the most famous Lithuanian writers are• what books by popular contemporary writers s,
would recommend to read and why• why s/he likes / dislikes reading books• who her / his favourite author is. Why?• what English / American writers s/he knows
lOne cannot visit the ICA on because it is closed. 2 The phone number for information i:............................ 3 If you want to get invitations to exhibitions previews, you have to pay .4 A day pass costs 5 With a day pass, you have the right to visit .6 Children may visit the ICA free of charge on condition that they are an<............................... 7 The coffee and buffet counter is open from 8 One can havelunch at the restaurant between 9 In case you are looking for rare copies of magazines 0
newspapers, go to 10 For details about hiring the ICA's premises and facilities one shoulccontact 11 Visitors can leave their cars at the in .
8 Read the paragraphs. Choose the best hobby for Emily, Brian, Ann and John from the key phrasegiven in the box. Compare your and your partner's suggestions.
~ ,learn to playa musical instrument do voluntary work at a local hospital join a chess club-- - up badminton take up photography go to an evening class in flower arranging..•; in a walking club take flying lessons take up 'do-it- yourself' go jogging take up yoga
, /
- ~is a translator and spends most of her day working alone. She has several hobbies - she makes her OWl
lothes and enjoys gardening - but she would like to get out of the house and meet people.Brian has a very stressful job in an advertising agency. His friends think he is a workaholic and he does no
ave much time for hobbies. However, he would like to find a hobby that is both stimulating and relaxing.Ann is a teacher, but she has been unemployed for almost a year. She spends most of her day reading but inow getting very bored. She is also worried about her future.
d) John is a machine operator. His job is tiring and monotonous. He spends most of his spare time watching hilocal football team and listening to jazz, but he would like an active, creative hobby that would give him morpersonal satisfaction.
are stimulating and relaxingolve meeting new people and socialising
elp you to stay fit and are really good for your healthe active and creative at the same time
. oaden your outlook and develop your imaginationreduce stress and tension after a hard working day best=or some people may seem monotonous and tiring~nrich your knowledge of history and geography
'hat his / her favourite way of spending an afternoon or evening out is- /he is interested in theatre and what Lithuanian theatres s/he has been to; what her / his impressions we]-;: s/he ever goes to concerts, exhibitions; what kind of exhibitions s/he prefers
'here s/he went last month and why; who s/he went with; what s/he enjoyed most about the occasion
- - slbe plays a musical instrument and how long s/he has played it-hat type of music s/he likes to listen to when s/he is with her / his friends; when s/he is relaxing alone
. 'hat bands s/he likes most, who her / his favourite singers and groups are
. -hat type of music is the most popular now among young people-~ benefit / charity concerts are popular in Lithuania; what well-known bands and singers take part in then
0\ s/he would comment the saying 'Music heals, music harms'.
WRITING
1 Read the review of the book and fill in the gaps with the appropriate words from the bank given. Youmay use the word only once.
Money Talks'Money Talks' is one of J. A. Horton's most famous novels, and has always been very popular since it was
first 1 in 1957.The 2 .•...•.••...•.•••••••••••••• takes place in the South of England. The main character is a young doctor, Andy
Brown. The central theme of the book is the young hero's 3 between his ideals and interestin money. At first, the enthusiastic young man 4 of doctors who are not well qualified and donot treat their patients 5•...........•..•............. He criticises the fact that they think only about money. But'at somepoint of the story Andy's enthusiasm for medicine changes into a(n) 6 ..............•...•...•..•.. to become rich.
'Money Talks' is a well-written book with 7•..••..•••.••••••••••••••••• and vivid character descriptions. ThroughAndy's character and his career, the author reveals some 8•.............•...........•• facts about doctors and theirprofession. Convincing characters and dramatic events make 'Money Talks' a(n) 9..•.........•......•... novel.
Although the book was written long ago, I found it highly entertaining. It is one of the most unforgettablebooks I have ever read and I definitely 10•••.•••..••.••..••.••••••• it to those who enjoy true-to-life stories. You willfind it hard to put the book away.
2 In what part (introduction, main body, conclusion) of your book I film review should you answer thesequestions?
1 What is the title of the book / film?2 Who is the author / director?3 What type of book / film is it? (a novel,
a historical drama, an adventure story / film etc)4 What is the book / film about?5 Where / when is the action of the book / film set?
6 Who are the main characters and what detailsabout the characters are important?
7 What would you like to emphasise? (style ofwriting, acting, music, special effects etc)
8 What is your opinion of the book / film?9 What did / didn't you like?10 Would you recommend it to read / see?
3 Write a review of a book I film you have enjoyed. Descljibe the book I film and say whether you wouldrecommend it or not. Remember to use the Present Simple tense when describing the plot. Writingyour review follow the given plan. You may find the phrases and sentences in the box helpful.
IntroductionPara 1 general information about the
book / film (title, type of book /film, author / director)
Main bodyPara 2 setting, main characters, brief
points of the plotPara 3 general comments
ConclusionPara 4 your opinion, recommendations
• This is a thriller, a love story, a classic, ...• The work is based on ...• The film / story is set in ...• The plot focuses on ...• The film / book reaches a dramatic climax ...• It is extremely well written / well produced. I didn't like
the way it was written / produced.• It is really imaginative / full of suspense / thought-provoking.• The characters are very life-like / not very convincing.• Parts of the book / film are very funny / sad / exciting.• The ending is really unexpected / surprising / spine-chilling.• I found the ending a bit boring / predictable / disappointing.
4a) Complete the note Amy has left to her roommate. Use the words from the box. There are morethan you need.
Dear Vic,This is just a quick note to 1 you know that I've 2.••••..................... to the concert. Ma
has got a 3•.•.•..•..•.•.•.•.........•. ticket and she asked me to 4•.•.•.....•..•............•.•. her company. I'll5•.................•.•..... at approximately quarter to eleven. I've 6•.•.•..•.•.•.•..•..•......... your dinner in thefridgtAndrew 7.......•..••.•.••.•.•.•.••.•. me, will you be so kind as to 8........•••..•.••.••...•....•..• down his new phone numb,/ hope you've 9..•.•..•....•.•..•.•....•..•.•..... your credit test successfully.
Best wishes,Amy
Dear Vic,Gone to concert with Maria. Back about /0.45.Dinner in fridge. If Andrew phones, please get hisnew number. Hope credit test went well!
Love,Amy
Writing a brief note:1 you may leave out articles.2 personal pronouns are not obligator3 any part of the verb can't be left 01
4 you can use shortened verb forms.5 you must be sure that the meaning
laconic phrases is clear to the read
Mr David Jay25 Hill StreetWoodland
Dear Mr Jay,
Although we realise you are very busy, we do hope you can find time to accept the invitati,
As one of our distinguished ex-teachers we would like you to address the parents and studewith a short speech before handing out the awards.
We are looking forward to seeing you.mJDID
We would like to invite you to attend our award ceremony at Greenwill College whichbeing held on 28 June this year. The proceedings will begin at 4.00 and end around 6.00 inafternoon, after which a dinner will be given at 8 pm for our prominent visitors, teachers (.college students.
Yours sincerely,~d{danuY
Clare Adams
You are a leader of your local youth club. Write a letter and invite a Peace Corps volunteer to givein English to a group of club members on popular youth pastimes in the USA.
Be sure: to name the eventto write the day and date, time, place of the meetingto indicate the time limit of her / his performanceto give your telephone number in case your guest wants to contact you
7 Complete the fonnal thank-you letter below with appropriate opening and closing paragraphs given inboxes A-D.
Mr Edgar RoweGedimino g. 100-2LT-2000 Vilnius
Maironio g. 52LT-2001 Vilnius
June 25, 2003
All the members thoroughly enjoyed your talk and your video of the annual youth festival in yourhome town was extremely interesting. The members were particularly excited to find out so much incommon in the ways young people spend their leisure time.
Your visit has stimulated the members to make a start on a new project to mount a joint folk dancefestival.z
Yours sincerely,d(~~lan<UpAlgis Blandys
A Hello, Mr RoweThanks a lot for your visit.It was fine you could come.
B Dear Mr Rowe,Thank you very much for corning to speakto our club members last Tuesday afternoon.
C So, see you next summerwhen you come to the festival.
D Thank you once again for taking time to visitus. It was a memorable afternoon for all.
8 Write a formal thank-you letter to Mr Rowe who worked with you after hours to get you through the FinalEnglish exam. Use the following ideas:
• Thank Mr Rowe for his kindness / hard work.• Say in 2-3 sentences why his actions helped you or were important.• Close your letter with repeated thanks.
NB Be sure to write the letter promptly. Do not wait more than a week after the exam.
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pastime I'pa:s, taIm! pramogaperiodical l,pI::lri'Od1kl/ periodinis leidinyspitch IP1tfi (sport. iaidiml{) aiksteplot/plotl siuzetas; intrigapoll Ip::lulJ viesosios nuomones apklausapraise Iprerzl girti, garbinti; (pa)gyrimaspredictable Ipn'd1kt::lbI! nuspejamaspremises l'prem1s1zI pastatas su zemes sklypuprominent I'pronun::lnt/ zymus, pastebimaspromptly I'promptlil tuojau pat, greitaiprovoking Ipr::l'v::luk11)1erzinantis, provokuojantisraise money I'rerz 'mAnil surinkti pinigll (labdarai)reduce Irr'dju:sl sumazintireference book I'ref(::l )r::lnsl informacine knygarelieve In'li:vl palengvinti, sumazintireveal Irr'vi:I! atskleistireview In'vju:1 recenzija, atsiliepimasscenery I'si:n::lril dekoracijos (teatre)science fiction I,Sa1::lnS'f1kInl moksline fantastikascreen Iskri:nl ekranasscript Iskrrptl scenarijus; tekstas (vaidmens)setting knygos, filmo veiksmo vyksmo vieta ir laikasskydiving I'ska1,da1VI1)1parasiutizmassolution IS::l'lu:In/ (is)sprendimassource IS'J:sI saltinis,pectacular Isp::lk't<ekjul::ll ispiidingasspine-chilling I' spam, tf1h1)1 g,!sdinantisspy IspaI! snipasstalls l'st'J:lzl parterisstunt Istllntl kaskadinis triukassuspense IS::ls'pensl itampatension/'tenIn/ itampatitle I'ta1tI! pavadinimasunpredictable 1,lInprr'drkt::lbl/ nenuspejamasvalid I'v<ehdl galiojantisvivid I'V1V1dlryskus, gyvasvoluntary I'voldnt(::l)ril savanoriskasvote /'v';JUtl balsuoti
ADDITIONAL WORD BANK
ering I video-making filmavimas video kamera; camping stovykiavimas; carpentry I'ka:pmtril mf:dzio dar"puzzles; model-making modeliavimas; painting tapymas; pottery keramika; sewing /'s::lUI1)1siuvin
otographs fotografavimasas a hobby; give up I took up golf when I was sixteen, but I gave it up last year.
=~!ed in sth uzsiimti kazkuo At the moment I'm engaged in embroidery.club I wanted to learn to play chess, so I joined a chess club,
': audience publika; balcony; ballerina; ballet l'b<eIeI! dancer; box loze; box-office bilielll kasa; b'::Scl~.-D' ilietus; cast aktoriai; clown; composer; curtain uzuolaida; circle amfiteatras; entrance iejimas; emergE
;;::S:!::"Z:::5 '''i>jimas; first I opening night premjera; interval pertrauka; musical miuziklas; opera house operos ir b2pit orkestro vieta; perform vaidinti, atlikti; performance vaidinimas; performer atlikejas; playbill amrgas; props rekvizitas; puppet theatre leli4 teatras; put on a play I concert pastatyti vaidinimq; sur(. n of 'Hamlet' was put on at our school. revue In'vju:1 reviu; row eile; seat vieta; stage scena
cinema-goer Are you a keen cinema-goer? stuntman kaskadininkas; comedian; performance seansas Let's go to thleight o'clock perfomance.be a success Thefilm was a great success. be a flop neturintis pasisekimo They put on a musical of 'Jane Eyre' buit was a flop. play the part / role of sb atlikti vaidmeni A. Surna plays the role of A. Seputis in the Lithuanian seria'Relatives '. be on There's a good film on at the cinema this week. Siq savait~ rodomas geras filmas. be based on stlsukurtas pagal The film 'Gone with the Wind' is based on the novel of the same title. be set The action is set in FranceVeiksmas vyksta Prancuzijoje.types of films / movies: action, cartoon, comedy, disaster, documentary, drama, historical, horror, science fictionthriller itempto siuzeto filmas; trileris; travelogue I'tr~vd,logl kelionill filmas; war film, western
musiccello I'tfel:ml violoncele; clarinet I,kl~rd'netl; drum bugnas; flute Iflu:tl fleita; guitar; organ vargonai; piano; saxophonetrumpet trimitas; violin l,vard'lm/ smuikas; play the piano / violin She plays the piano very well. sing in a choilI'kwardl dainuoti chore; band: a group of people playing music; orchestra; musician
types of music: classical music; folk music liaudiska muzika; orchestral music; pop music; jazz; rap; rave; regga,I'regerl rock' n'roll
exhibitions. museums. galleriesantique Idn'ti:kl antikvarinis, senovinis, antikinis; applied art taikomoji daile; art menas; brush teptukas; canvas drobeexhibit Irg 'zrbrtl eksponatas; eksponuoti; fine art vaizduojamoji daiIe; painting paveikslas
genres in painting: landscape peizazas; seascape juros peizazas; portrait; self-portrait autoportretas; still-Iif,natiurmortas; water colour akvarele; oil aliejus; sculpture l'skAlptfdl; fresco I'fresbul
museums and galleries in LithuaniaThe Gediminas Castle Museum, the Museum of Applied Arts in Vilnius, the Trakai Castle, the Historical Museums in Vilniuand Kaunas, the Amber Museum in Palanga, the M. K. Ciurlionis Memorial Museum in Druskininkai, the Stone Museum i:Mosedis, the Country Life Museum in Rumsiskes, the Art Museum in Vilnius, the Ciurlionis Art Museum in Kaunas, thZilinskas Art Gallery, the Art Exhibition Centre in Vilnius
types of booksfable pasakeCia; fairy tale pasaka; folk Ifduk/ tale liaudies pasaka; novel romanas; poetry; prayer book maldynasreference books (atlas, dictionary, encyclopedia Irn,sarkld'pi:did/); science fiction moksline fantastika; thrilleItravel book; western; short story novele, apsakymas; story apysaka; apsakymas
expressions connected with bC?oks: be deep in; co-author bendraautorius; dedicate The book is dedicated to himother. inscribe The collector had many books inscribed to him by famous authors. skim (through) perbegti akimi~perversti He skimmed through the book.bookworm informal someone who enjoys reading books and spends a lot of time doing it
sport(s)athletics /~e'letrks/; baseball; bowls Ibdulzl kegliai; cycling dviracill sportas; cricket; darts smiginis; figure-skatin~gymnastics; golf; hang-gliding sklandymas skraidykle; horse racing arklillienktynes; riding jojimas; rowing /rdUI~irklavimas; skiing; sailing / yachting I'jotrIJI buriavimas; snooker / billiards I'brliddzl; tobogganing Itd'bogdnr~roguciq sportas; windsurfing burlencill sportas; wrestling I'reshIJI imtynessports facilities: gym(nasium) sporto sale; football field; swimming pool; stadium; tennis court
expressions connected with sport: set the record pasiekti rekord'l.; break the record sumusti rekord'l. He broke thOlympic record last year. be good at; take part in dalyvauti; win; lose; penalty bauda; home team; goal ivarti:point taskas Our team won by two goals. end a game in a draw baigti zaidim'l.lygiomis The game ended in a dray,compete well / poorly; fan; event rungtis; training treniruote; score pelnyti, laimeti, igyti; a score rezuItat2What's the score? - It's 2:4 in favour of our team.
In most games you score goals (football, hockey) or points (table tennis, basketball).
A a journey by ship for pleasureB a journey by planeC the plan of the journeyD a journey by seaE an informal word for journey, during which you visit a place and come back againF an organised journey, especially a long one for a particular purposeG a holiday which includes organised travel and accommodationH a general word which means the activity of travellingI an organised journey to see the sights of a placeJ a journey from one side of the sea to the other
1 The travel agent will send you the for your trip.2 My friends went on a guided of Rome.
S; 3 The first time I went from England to France we had a very rough .r; 4 The first prize in the competition is a luxury Mediterranean .
5 When you go on a , you pay one price which covers everything.:is 6 The college organised an to search for the ancient ruins.IS, Lithuanian Airways announces the arrival of LA 263 from Rome.
The Titanic sank on its first in 1912.9 is one of my main interests.10 Mr Jones is away on a business at the moment.
g;T]/ : Complete the chart by putting the words in one of the following categories. Add three more words to e:T]/ category.
bed & breakfast (B&B)bolidaymakerrun out of petrolo some sightseeing
book a holidayself-catering flat
flight attendantyouth hostelreserve a roomgo on footmiss the busreceptionist
train stationpetrol stationmotorcyclehelicopterguest housetraveller
ferryguideairportcoachharbourguard
trainterminalbussightseerlorrygate
boarding ~£f.':4 .excess .
scheduled .holiday .
check-in .travel .
departure .traveller's .
I Single to Manchester, please.2 Do I have to change?3 Is there a buffet car?4 Where's the ticket office?
a) You want to know if this train is a through one.b) You want to go to Manchester but not to come backc) You are looking for the place in the station to buy tickfd) You want to know how much a ticket that lets you tra
to a place and back again costs.e) You have to know exactly where in the station you;
on the train.f) You are looking for the office where they keep thin)
that people have lost in public places.g) You want to buy food and drink on the train.h) You are planning to sleep during the journey.
7 Which platform?8 Where's the lost property office?
a) combined air-fares and car-hireb) doing your own shopping and cookingc) sleeping in tentsd) accommodation and breakfaste) breakfast and dinner will be provided, not lunch
f) all meals will be providedg) an envelope, stamped and with your own address OJ
h) the price covers everythingi) travelling by road, not airj) not in the most popular season
USE of ENGLISH
1 Use the word in capitals to form a word that fits suitably in the blank space. Make any changes tJare necessary.
The George HotelA 1•..•...••..••.••••.• atmosphere is guaranteed at the George Hotel,which is situated in a quiet 2 ...•...•.....•.••••• area in the historic heartof the city, just a few minutes' walk from 3...............•.... London.All 30 bedrooms are 4 ••••.•••..•....•.••• to a high standard and mosthave en suite facilities. The 5•............... ~... is modem: colourfulTV sets, tea and coffee-6 ••.•••••.....••••..• facilities and direct dialtelephones. Some rooms are reserved for non-' .A full English breakfast is 8 in the price and is9 ..................•. between 7 am and 10 am in the Breakfast Bar.Dinner can also be booked at 10••••••.•..•••••... for a supplement of 3 pounds.
FRIENDRESIDENTCENTEREQUIPFURNISHMAKESMOKEINCLUDESERVERECEIVE
2 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Don't change the w(given.
1 I stayed in Italy for two weeks last year.fortnightI stayed in last year.
2 It is difficult to find anywhere to stay in this town in summer.accommodationIt isn't easy this town in summer.
3 I'd like a room for the night, please. A room for two people.doubleI would like for the night, please.
4 That was a private house where you pay to stay and have meals.guest houseThe place we stayed at wasn't a hotel. It .
5 I'd like to reserve three single rooms for the next week, please.bookI'd like for the next week, please.
6 It was raining, and the 1}olidaymakers couldn't find a place to put up a tent.campsiteIt was impossible for the .
7 I'd like a room for the night, please. Do you have a free one?vacancyHave you got , please?
8 The school has its own place for students to stay.hostelThe studen ts .
3 Read the text below and decide which word or phrase A, B, C or D best fits each space. Circle the letterthe right answer.
HolidaysWhich is better - to go on a package 1 or to 2 on your own? I suppose the answer depends 3 .
what kind of tourist you are. A complicated tour organised by a travel 4 has some advantages. You h25 itinerary, which gives you definite 6 and arrival dates, and a list of all your 7 The 8 .
may be cheaper, as it has been booked 9 •.....•..• , so you spend 10 .........• time worrying where you are goingstay. If you book a hotel yourself, you might have trouble finding a(n) 11 •.•••••••. , unless you are going to sl12•.••.••••• a fortnight, for example. On the other hand, organising your own 13•••••••••• can be fun. 14••••••
students hitch-hike or buy cheap train tickets, and 15 the night in student hostels or guest houses.
A travel B tour Cjoumey D cruiseA travel B trip C voyage D tourist
nat Aon B from C about D of.f A office Bagent C tour D operation
A- B the Ca Dan6 A departure B parting Cleaves D quitting7 A cancellations B meetings C stations D destinations
A bedrooms B staying C flat D accommodation9 A before B advanced C in advance of D in advance_0 A most B more C less D fewer_1 A empty B free C vacancy D availability
Ain Bout C for D since., A voyage B expedition C trip D package
.>."7 A much B many Clots D plenty- A have B spend C spends D have spend
1 'I won't be able to leave the hotel until six o'clock,'she told me.She told me .
2 'We will take a taxi to the airport,' they told me.They told me .
3 'Our luggage is damaged,' they said.They said .
4 'The Wilsons have gone on holiday,' says Mr Smith.Mr Smi th say s .
5 'How long have you been sunbathing,' he asked me.He asked me .
6 'Don't skate on the lake,' the teacher warned the children.The teacher warned us .
7 'I'm going to the airport to pick up my wife,' said Mike.He said .
8 'Can you show me on the map where I am?' asked a passer-by.A passer-by asked me .
1 Read the article and trace the events of Jullian's journey (A-I) writing the numbers in the order tJevents happened. There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.
[]A] At the world-famous surf camp.[]Q A strange ban.CJm The surfmg of the Australians.[JQI Homesick, but longing for adventures.[]I] A serious injury.
SURF THE WORLDhi! When I arrived in Bali, it was sultry and I hadnowhere to stay. I hadn't even left the airport whenthe taxi driver tried to con* me. Eventually though,he did take me to a very cheap and beautiful place,just outside the hustle and bustle of Kuta and I endedup spending a few weeks surfing some of the mostamazing surf breaks in Bali. After this I caught a smallboat to a tiny island called Nusa Lembogan. It wasidyllic. One of the surf breaks was called Lacerations*because you have to surf in shallow water over somevery sharp coral. It took me a few days to psych*myself up for it but I did it.HI When I got back to Bali I met up with someAustralians. We sampled the nightlife wearing only apair of shorts and sandals and we hired a car. Thiswas a brave move considering that Balinese driversare insane. Also, the police seemed a bit corrupt.Knowing we were tourists, they stopped us 3 timesand demanded a fine. All we could do was pay itbecause they kept threatening to send us to jail. Therewas never a receipt or anything and they wereobviously just pocketing the money themselves.
[=rID Astonishing and awesome surfing.c:=:IQ] In search of help.[]]E] At the narrator's destination.D.Hl A night out.
I[] After I said farewell to the Australians there wa~big religious ceremony on the island which involveeveryone being forbidden by the police from enteriJthe water whether they were in a boat or on a surfbOatI watched all these amazing waves going to waste unI couldn't stand it any longer. I ran around the clipaddled out and had one of the best surfs of my Iiwith the pick of the best waves. Luckily the poHwere all watching the cockfighting in the centre of fisland so I got away with it.III My friend Brook and I had arranged to meet balin Bali and then go on a surfer's dream trip to G-lanEast Java, a world-renowned surf camp in the middof thick jungle, next to one of best reefs in the wor]We arrived on the jungle edge where you can see tigemonkeys, and panthers (if you are lucky) and snak(if you are unlucky). Money was a bit tight so we stay,in the cheapest accommodation - a three-sided optent with two mattresses and mosquito nets about 11metres down a winding jungle path. I was a bit worriabout malaria so the nets were a welcome additionthe pills and repellent.
IIThe fIrst night there was a thunderstorm that literallyshook the ground. At two o'clock in the morning, Ifelt an exceptionally painful bite or sting on my toe.Everything was so wet and we had no light so I couldn'treally see anything at all. I could feel the poison; itfelt like someone was holding a lit cigarette on myfoot. I was in agony. I had to get to the camp to gethelp, knowing there was no way of getting to hospitalif we needed to. Due to the rain, the path had turnedinto a stream. I couldn't see it at all well so Brook hadto lead the way, wadding through the surf while I clungonto therocks and was blinded by the lightning everytwo seconds. When we reached the camp, no one
knew what to do and as the pain was dying down v,all went back to bed - this time with a torch. In tI-morning a Javanese man looked at my swollen fOIand told me it was a scorpion sting. After hearing th:I was relieved that my last adventure on my trip hadnbeen my last ever! As it was our last few days, v,moved to nicer accommodation where only the rawould bother us.a By the time you read this, I'll be back in Englan4I'm looking forward to seeing family and friends agaibut I'm going to miss travelling. Culture shock, herecome!
GLOSSARYcon: to trick someone (usually in order to make them give you money); lacerations: deep cuts or tears (usuallin someone's skin); psych up: (infml) to try to make feel mentally ready for sth
(Para 1)(Para 2)(Para 3)(Para 4)(Para 5)
hot and humid; a lot of noise and activity; peaceful and pleasant; not deepexamined by experiencing; rented; required; apparentlyincluded; stared at; couldn't endure; the choiceagreed to do sth; boundary; short of money; chemical that repels insectsunusually; damp; extreme mental or physical suffering; to show by going in front; held tightlyonto; arrive at; my anxiety vanished
2 The behaviour of the police towards tourists in Bali was illegal: they .3 Though there was a strict ban not to enter the water during the ceremony, Jullian .4 Fortunately Jullian succeeded in avoiding punishment for disobeying the law because .5 G-Iand jungle was teeming with various animals: .6 The tourists were worried about malaria, so they needed .7 That exceptionally sharp pain appeared to be :..8 They moved to a new accommodation because .9 Although a feeling of confusion and anxiety caused by contact with the Balinese was great, Jullia
~ Read the text. Fill in the table below expressing your opinion on the pros (support) and cons (againsof travelling by plane, train and ship. If information is not available in the text, give your own point (view. Be ready to report your opinion to the class.
TravellingI hate seeing people off. I like being seen off myself. I'm very fond of travelling and I think that all ways (travelling are good. Of course, if you can afford it, there is nothing like travel by air. It is the most comfortaband quickest way. You board the plane and in no time you find yourself in the remotest part of the world. nonly thing I dislike about planes is delays by fog or snowstorm. Air passengers often suffer such delays. I woullike to say a word or two for trains. With a train you have speed, comfort and pleasure combined. You scomfortably in a train and watch a view of the whole countryside. If you are hungry, you can have a meal inrestaurant-car. You can also meet and talk to lots of people. I have never travelled by ship but I would like tlI would like to feel the deck of the ship under my feet, to see the rise and fall of the waves and to feel the fre~sea wind blowing into my face. I like going to the harbour and looking at all the ships, cargo-ships, sailinships, rowing boats. The only bad thing about a sea-trip is being seasick. Lots of people get seasick, especiallwhen the sea is rough.
TYPE OF TRAYELLING PROS CONS
PLANETRAINSHIP
Sa) Work in pairs. Look at the Airport Departures notice-board and ask your partner questions on thefollowing points given below the table.
Example: The number of flights to Paris.I The number of British Airways flights.2 The destination of flight 604.3 The airline flying to Amman.4 The flight which takes off at 10.58.5 The number of destinations.
- How many flights are there to Paris?6 The number of flights between 10.25 - 10.45.7 The destination of the Pan Am.8 The time flight 902 takes off.9 The number of airlines.10 The departure time of the flight for Stuttgart.
5b) Plan with your partner a trip by bus to a foreign country. Discuss the following points: the things youare going to take, the places you would like to visit, the accommodation.
5c) Use the following prompts to interview a partner about her / his holiday.
• What / best holiday / you / have? Where exactly / you / go? Why / decide / go there?• Who / go with? Where / stay? How long? Recommend / accommodation / friends? Why? Why not?• It / be / famous place? What places / interest / be / there? What / you / see and do? What entertainment
facilities / be / there? Where / you / go / evenings? You /like / food? Why? Why not?• You / sad / come home? Why? Why not?
6 Work in small groups. Fill in the table to show the advantages of different types of transport andaccommodation. Be ready to report your opinion to the rest of the class.
Hitch- Going Going byHotel Hostel Campsite
Staying athiking by car coach friend's
It's cheap.
It's comfortable. ../
You feel free to do as you like. ../
It's interesting. ../
No need to plan or book. ../
It's quick. ../
It's safe, not dangerous.
WRITING
1 Read the postcard and underline the words that should be contracted while writing postcards.
August 6''', 2002Dear Mummy and Dad,
Hi! We are having a fantastic time here in France - it is suchgood fun! We have been to the Louvre and have bought somegreat posters here. We are hoping to go to Disneyland tomorrow.Patrick has taken lots of photos with his new camera.
I have got a slight cold at the moment, but do not worry it willsoon go, I am sure.
It is a pity you could not come with us. Anyway, we arelooking forward to seeing you.
Love,Isabel
2 Read AI's postcard to his penfriend in Lithuania. Capitalise, punctuate it and write properfollowing address:(LIETUVA), LITHUANIA, Asta Upyte, Vilnius, LT-2014, Subaciaus g. 120.
Dear Aunty,
[AJ Meanwhile all is well with us. Mom and Dad mostly come home from work very late. I usually.jalone and play computer, listen to music or meet my friends. Mom and Dad are having their hohin August and we are going to Holland for a week.
lliJ I appreciate all the things you and Uncle Jack did to give me a good time. Thank you once moreyour kind attention and understanding.
[Q Thank you ever so much for the most interesting holiday I ha\'e ever had! I had so many'experiences! Everyone is already getting tired of hearing me talk about my big holiday at y.farm. I had so much fun. I can't stop talking about it - the swimming and riding, feedingpoultry, my first attempts to learn to milk a cow (it was one of the most challenging holilpursuits), the trip to town on Saturdays, the all-night party of the neighbourhood, and y,wonderful meals. Mom says I have been spoiled rotten.
Sincerely,Al
• where you are on holiday and where you are staying• what the weather is like and what you have done already• your impressions of the place, the food or entertainmentNB Don't forget proper opening and closing remarks.
5 Read the draft letter of enquiry for hotel accommodation. Paragraph it properly using the frameworkfor structuring business communication given below.
Gelil{ g. 3-10LT - 2001 VilniusLithuania
Hotel HaydenMariahilferstrasse 571060 WienAustria
Dear Sir/Madam
My family and 1 are planninng a trip to Wien and 1 have found the name of your private hotel in theholiday guide received from the Tourists Information Centre. Please let me know if you haveaccommodation for a family of five persons for one week from Saturday 6 August. We shall requireone double and one twin-bedded room and one single room. The single room should be near to thelift as it is for my elderly mother. If you can provide this accommodation, please send me a copy ofyour brochure and also your charges for full board. I hope to hear from you soon.
Yours faithfully
'0na5/~~
Jonas Petraitis
IntroductionBackground and basic
DetailsFacts and figures
Why are you writing?Refer to a previous letter or document.
Give instructions.Ask for information.Provide all relevant data.
What action is necessary by a recipient?What action will you take according to the details provided?
A simple, relevant closing sentence is all that is often necessary.
ConclusionResponse or action
Close
6 What are" the English conventional ways of writing dates? Cross out the dates which do not meet therequirements.
151 September, 20021 September, 2002
October 2nd, 2002October 2, 2002
November 3, 2002.3 November 2002
December 23nd, 20022002-12-23
7 Write a letter of enquiry of 100 - 120 words to the proprietor of holiday flats. Be sure to include thefollowing:
• Your friends Mr and Mrs recommended you this accommodation, state when and how long theystayed there.
• Your family consists of 3 people and you wish to take your dog with you. Mention rooms, dates and specificrequirements.
• Ask for confirmation and further details concerning facilities and charges.
advantage I~d 'vo:ntrd31 privalumasamazing Ig'meIZrl)l nuostabusanxiety !leI)'zargtil nerimas, susiriipinimasapparently I~'peergntli/ aiskiai, akivaizdiiaiappreciate Ig'pri:Ji,ert! vertintiarrange Ig' remd31 susitartiastonishing Ig'stonrJrl)l nuostabusattempt Ig' tempt! bandymasavailability Ig,verld'brlgtil galimybe naudotis, turejimasavoid 1~'v'Jrdl isvengtiawesome /''J:s(g)mJ bauginantis; stulbinantisban Ibeenl (ui)draudimasbehaviour Ibr'heIVj~1 elgesysbite Ibartl ikandimasblind Iblamdl apakintibother I' boogl varginti, trukdytiboudary I'baund( g)ri/ ribachallenging /'tfeehnd3rl)l reikalaujantis daug pas tang\.!charge ItJ o:d31 mokestis, kainacling (clung, clung) Ikhl)l kabintiscock Ikokl gaidysdamage /'deemrd31 (su)gadinti, apgadintidefinite /'def(g)ngtl aiskus, tikslus, nustatytasdelicious Idr'hJgsl skanusdemand Idr'mo:nd/ (pa)reikalautideparture Idr'po:tJ gl isvykimasdestination l,destr'nerJn/ (ke/iones ir pew.) tikslasdial /'dargl/ (su)rinkti telefono numeridisobey I,drsg'ber/ nepaklustiedge led31 krastasendure /rn' djugl pak((stienquiry 1m' kwarril pasiteiravimas, (pa)klausimasen-suite lon'swi:t! liukso kambariaienter I'entgl ieitiequip /r'kwrpl irengtiexceptionally /rk'sepJn~li/ nepaprastaifabulous I' feebjul~sl pasakiskasfeed (fed, fed) lfi:d/ maitintiferry /'feril keltasortnight /' f'J:tnartl dvi savaites
furnish /'f3:nrJI apstatyti baldaiset away with issisukti nuo bausmes
ard Iga:dl palydovas (traukinio). e Ihargl issinuomuotiolidaymaker I'hohder,merbl atostogautojasomesick /'hgum,srkl besiilgintis nam\.!umid /'hju:mrdl dregnas
tie and bustle bruzdesys, sujudimasegal /r'li:gl/ neteisetaselude Im'klu:dl itrauktielusive Im'klu:srvl imtinaijury /'md3gril suieidimas, suialojimas
- - ne Im'seml ne viso proto, psichiskai nesveikasTolve 1m 'vDlvj itraukti, iPainioti
erary lar'tmgrgril keliones marsrutasId3erll kaIejimas1b:1 istatymas
g (for) 1101)1 labai nordi, trokstige Ilaund31 laukiamasis, holas
marvellous /'mo:v~lgsl nuostabusnarrator lng' rertgl pasakotoj asnet Inet! tinklel isnight out naktis praleista ne namuose (linksminantis)obviously /'obvigslil aisku, akivaizduoff-peak lof 'pi:k1 ne pikooverland /,guvg,leendl sausumospaddle /'peedll irtis, pliuskentispasserby Ipo:s~'bar/ (pI. passersby) praeivispath Ipo:81 takaspill Iprll piliulepoison /'p'Jrznj nuodaipoultry I'p~ultril naminiai pauksciaiproper l'prop~1 deramas, tinkamas, reikiamasproperty I'propgtil nuosavybe, turtasproprietor Ipr~'prar~tgl savininkas; valdytojasprovide Iprg'vardl patiektipursuit Ip~'sju:t! megstamas uisiemimasrack /reekl lentynareach Iri:tJI pasiektireceptionist In'sepJnrst! registratorius (viesbuCio ir pan.receipt In'si:tl kvitasreceive Irr'si:vl gauti; priimtirelieved Irr'li:vdl jauCiantis palengvejim,!remote In'mgutl tolimas, nuosalusrenowned In'naundl pagarsej((s, iymusrepellent In'pelgntl vabzdiius atbaidantis chemikalasrequirement /rr'kwargmgntl reikalavimas, biitina s,!lyg,resident I'rezrd(g)ntl gyventojasresort In'z'J:tl kurortasrun out of neturdi daugiausample I'so:mpl/ (is)bandytischeduled I'Jedju:ldl planinis, planuotasself-catering l,self'kertgnl)l suteikiantis galimyb((atostogaujanciam paciam pasigaminti maist,!serve IS3:vl patiektishallow I'Jeeldul seklussnorkeling l'smkhl)l plaukiojimas (su kvepavimo vamzdeliu)spoil rotten /'rotn/ (is)paikinti, (is)lepintistamp Isteempl uiklijuoti pasta ienkl,!stand Isteendl pak((sti, isk((stistare Iste~1 spoksotisting Istrl)l igelimassunbathe I's!l.nberol degintis saulejesurf IS3:fl bang\.! miisa; uisiimineti banglenCi\.! sportusultry I's!l.ltril tvankussupplement /'s!l.ph,ment! papildymasswollen I'swgulgn/ patin((steem with lti:mJ knibZdete knibZdetithick 18rkl tankusthreaten /'8retnl grasintithunderstorm /'8!1.ndg'st'J:mJ audra su perkiinijatight Itartl nepakankamas (apie pajamas)tiny I'tamil mazy tisvacancy I'verbnsil laisva vietavanish /'veenrJI dingti, isnyktiwaste Iwerstl eikvojimas, veltui praradimaswade Iwerdl bristiwinding l'wamdlIJI vingiuotas
ADDITIONAL WORD BANK
TYPE OF DIFFERENT KINDS PEOPLE WORKING IN ASSOCIATED FACILITIESTRANSPORT OF VEHICLES /'vi:rklzl 1HEM
ROAD sports car; cab / taxi driver / chauffeur /'J:mf;;" petrol station degalinelorry sunkvezimis J;;,u'f3:/ garagecoach Ibutfl turistinis mechanic /mr'krenrk/ service stationautobusas; bus bus conductor terminal didele stotisvan autofurgonas;bicycle / bike; motorcycle
RAILexpress / fast train; local engine-driver masinistas railway station; terminal; platformtrain; slow train; through ticket collector kontrolierius ticket-office; waiting-room18ru:1train tiesioginis guard Iga:dl palydovas compartment/bm'pa:tm;;,nt/ kupetraukinys porter I'p'J:t;;,1nesikas carriage / coach Ibutfl vagonasunderground / the tube(infml) buffet I'bufer! car I dining car /metro restaurant car
SEA yacht Ijot/; rowing boat; ship captain cabin kajute; deck denisliner; ferry I'feril keltas steward /'stju::JdJ quay /ki:/ prieplauka; dockstrawler I'tr'J:!;;,1traleris stewardess /,stju::J'des/ light-house - svyturys !
harbour /'ha:b:Jl/ port uostas
AIR(aero)plane pilot airport oro uostas
Ijet Id3etl reaktyvinis lektuvas stewardess (female) / flight terminal terminalas; informationjumbo l'd3Amb:ml jet didelis attendant (both) office check-in bilietq registracijakeleivinis reaktyvinis lektuvas ground staff oro uosto departure lounge isvykstanCiqjq sale;helicopter sraigtaspamis darbuotojai gate isejimas prie lektuvo
crew Ikru:1 igula, ekipazas cabin lektuvo salonas; security Icheck Isr'kju:Jr:Jti,ifek/ patikrinimas
some more words connected with travelpassenger keleivis; ticket: single bilietas i vienltpus((, return ticket bilietas ten ir atgal, open return bilietas su is ankstonenustatyta grizimo data, standby ticket rezervinis bilietas; book tickets uzsakyti bilietus; fare Ife'Jl mokestis uz vaziavimltHe hadn't enough money for his bus fare. destination l,destr'nerJnl keliones tikslas, paskirties vieta We should reach ourdestination by about midday. luggage I'IAgrd31 baggage l'bregrd31 bagazas; excess baggage I'eksesl bagazo virssvoris Youhave to pay excess baggage. trolley I'trolil veiimelis bagazui veiti I need a luggage trolley.board sesti i lektuv<t,laivlt ar traukini; a boarding pass I card leidimas sesti i lektuvlt ar laivlt iat the CustomsCustoms muitine; Customs officer; pass I go through Customs; declare Idr'kle'J/; isvardyti / pateikti apmuitinamus dalykusCustoms Declaration I,dekl;;, 'rerJn/; fill in a form I declaration; list sltrasas Will you look through the list of goods you haveto declare? duty Idju:til muitas; pay duty on sth moketi muito mokesti You must pay duty on spirits if you want to bring themto the country. dutiable apmuitinamas; duty-free neapmuitinamas, be muito; articles I items I belongings I things; tax-mokestis; security Isr'kju'Jr'Jtil apsauga, go through security / passport control; entry visa ivaziavimo viza; exit visaisvaziavimo viza; frontier IfrAn'tr;;,/, border l'b'J:d:l1siena; immigration I,Imr'grerJn/
AIR flight Iflartl skrydis; reisas Yourflight is from terminal A. Flight BA 677 has just arrived. The flight to London is fromgate 10. The flight BA 435 is boarding. Keleiviai sodinami i lektuvq vykstanti reisu BA 435.scheduled /'Jedju:ldl flight reisas pagal grafiklt Many airlines have cancelled scheduled flights because of bad weather.charter I'tfa:tdl flight uzsakytas reisas Many businessmen go to China on charter flights.cancel atSaukti Has our flight been cancelled? delay Idr'ler! atideti The plane was delayed by snowstorm. call a flightpaskelbti lektuvo isskridimlt; be running late There s been an accident and all the trains are running late. take off pakilti;land nusileisti
TRAINS Trains always run on time here. You have to change trains at Bristol. BristolyJe Jums reikia persesti. Your trainleaves from Platform /0. I always travel second class. The train 10.05 from London is due to arrive (turi atvykti) at platformone. We got on the train andfound our seats. We missed (pavetavome) the 8 o'clock train.
SEA The liner sets sail at noon. Laineris isplaukia vidurdieni. My parents took me on a voyage round Europe. Ifelt seasick.As susirgau Juros liga. We called at various ports. Mes uisukome i ivairius uostus.
:stofill
~urYou
avetemax -,isa
ight:ilti;
~ainorm
CARS Our car does 10 km to the litre. It usually overtakes (aplenkti) other cars. It is dangerous to overtake on a bene,You get on a bus, train, plane, or ship, but you get in or get into a car or taxi. She kissed him, got into a car and drove awa)You get off a bus, train, plane, or ship, but you get out of a car or taxi. Both drivers got out of their cars and startee,shouting at each other. You go or travel by bus / taxi/ train/ferry / car etc. It'll be much quicker ifwe go by taxi. Sonuof the beaches can only be reached by boat. If you travel by air / sea /land, it means you travel by plane, in a boat, or onland. It s much quicker if you go by ail; but it s also more expensive. If you walk, you go on foot. The bus didn't come,so we set off on foot.
types of travellingcrossing persikelimas (per Up((ir jurv I want to take the night ferry crossing to Esbjerg.cruise /kru:zl turistine kelione jUra, aplankant ivairias vietas, kruizas They are planning to go on a cruise in the Pacific.expedition; go on an expedition The expedition to the North Pole was unsuccessful.flight skridimas, skrydis, reisas It has been my first flight.hitch-hiking I'hrtJ.harkrr]1 nemokamai keliauti pakeliui vaiiuojanciais automobiliais Motorists give hitch-hikers free rides.journey kelione (numatytas konkretus atstumas ar laikotarpis), pramogine kelione; ajourney of three days or a three da:journey; to be on a journey keliauti; take ajourney issirengti i kelion((; break one's journey pertraukti kelion((, trump,sustoti; reach one's journey's end; to make / go on a journey from •.. to •.• ; He went on a journey to London.package tour suorganizuota isvyka (su visu islaikymu) Package tours are becoming more and more popular.tour kelione (trumpai aplankant daugeli vietti), tume; a sightseeing tour of the town ekskursija po miestll I went on a toof Scotland during my holiday.travel (ilga) kelione, keliavimas Is he backfrom his travels yet? He is writing a book about his travels.trip kelione, isvyka, ekskursija; round trip kelione ten ir atgal; be away on a trip buti isvykusiam i kelion((; take a trip Lyou enjoy your weekend trip to the seaside?voyage kelione (jura); make a voyage Ifelt seasick during the voyage to Kiel.
transport and trafficpublic transport /,ph blrk' trrensp:J: t/; traffic I'trrefik/ eismas, judej imas, transportas; heavy flight traffic; traffic jam I w,stuck in the trafficjamforan hour. road; main road pagrindinis kelias; motorway greitkelis, autostrada; crossroads sankry:Wecame to a crossroads. street; one-way street vienos eismo krypties gatve; turning posukis Take the second turning (the left. roundabout ziedas; road / street hump vole lis (greiCiui suletinti), crossing pereja; level crossing pervaza; peli~crossing pereja, kuri pereinama mygtuku iziebus atitinkamll signalll; blue zone terminuota masinq stovejimo aikStele In t)
blue zone you can parkfor one hour only. speed limit greiCio apribojimas He was speeding. fine tlauda He had to payfine of$ 10. dangerous l'dernd3grgsl pavojingas; safe saugus; safety I seat-belt saugos dirias Fasten your safety-belltraffic lights sviesoforas; signpost I'sarn,pgustl kelio zenklas; follow sb or sth Follow this road until you get to the churc.distance atstumas; lose one's way pasiklysti; pedestrian lpg' destngnJ pestysis; traffic warden I'w:J:dnJ stovejimo aikstel<priziurdojas; driving licence I'larsnsl vairuotojo patymejimas / teises
accommodation bustas, pastogetypes of hotel accommodation: hotels in Britain are graded with stars from one-star to five-star (five-star hotels are the best anmost expensive). You can also stay in a Bed & Breakfast (B&B) (also called a Guest House) where you pay for a bedroom anbreakfast.a single room: for one person with a single bed; a double room: for two people with one large double bed; a twin room: for tw;>eoplewith two single beds; full board: includes breakfast, lunch and dinner; half board: includes breakfast and dinner;book in uzsiregistruoti; reservation l,rezg'verJnl isankstinis uzsakymas; reception /n'sepJnl registrarura; receptioni!'rr'sepJnrstl administratorius, registratorius; message l'mesrd31 zinute, rastelis; lounge Ilaund31 poilsio kambarys; biS(lskaita; receipt/n'si:t/kvitas; pay cash moketigrynais; button mygtukas; lift; porter neSikas;chambermaid/'tJermbg,merc"ambarinea tip arbatpinigiai; give a tip I tip sb I tipped the porter who carried my luggage upstairs.other types of accommodation: camp-site: a place where people can stay in tents or caravans; youth hostel: cheap accommoation, mainly for young people; self-catering flat: a flat which you rent but you have to cook for yourself, holiday camp;
;;pecially built village with accommodation and organised entertainment for people on holiday
olidaysoliday a period of time when you do not have to go to work or go to school I have six weeks' holiday each year. You 100!
'red, so what you need is a holiday. the holiday I summer holidays July 1st is the first day of the summer holidays. holiday:school holidays; the Christmas I Easter holiday Wespent most of the Christmas holiday at my grandma s be I go on holida~
. spent my holiday / the holidays at the seaside. holidaymaker atostogautojasavel agency kelioniq agentura; guide Igardl gidas, ekskursij4. vadovas; itinerary /ar'tmgrdril marsrutas (numatyta keliomtlankytinom vietom) A detailed itinerary is supplied. route /ru:t/ kelias, marsrutas The fastest route from Birmingham t(lanchester is the motorway.
1 Find pairs of synonyms. Translate the phrases into Lithuanian.
Example: 1 to respect - e) to look up to1 to respect2 to end one's relationship3 to be friends again after a row4 to argue and disagree5 to have a row with sb6 to have a good relationship7 to admire or love a person greatly8 to have a secret love relationship
a) to idoliseb) to fall outc) not to see eye to eyed) to break upe) to look up tof) to make it upg) to have an affairh) to get on well with each other
2 Change the underlined words and express the same idea using the phrases from Ex 1.
1 My friend Jane and I have a good relationship.2 My sister has had a row with her boyfriend again.3 He said silently: 'Let's try and be friends again after a row.'4 Everybody is talking about it! Don't you know that Jane is having a secret relationship with her boss!5 Diana and Paul ended their relationship a year ago.6 They are twins but they often argue and disagree with each other.7 Grandfather often told me that children should respect their parents.8 I think Jane doesn't just like Pete - she admires him too much.
3 Fill in the gaps with suitable prepositions about, on, down, up, of, with. Youmay use them more thanonce. Write down your own sentences with these phrases.
1 to fall in love sb2 to look on sb3 to act one's own4 to agree sb5 to get angry sb6 to be cross sb7 to get sb's nerves
8 to be brought by one's parents9 to be ashamed one's behaviour10 to complain one's neighbours11 to put with people's differences12 to approve sb / sth13 to be patient little children14 to take care sb
1 I think it was her appearance that me most.2 Teenagers hate being like children and they want to be independent.3 My parents are very tolerant and they never me about my hairstyle or clothes.4 I'm tired of so many and I do want to decide just a few things for myself.5 Her father hates anyone with ideas on divorce and abortion.6 Children have to try to themselves at school, otherwise they can be bullied.7 What do you usually about with your family or friends?8 I need your because I feel helpless and I don't know what to do.9 Mother constantly me about my marks.10 My dad always ; me and I could never let him down.
1 CONFIDE2 BEHAVE3 AGREE4 ANNOY5 APPROVE6 DEPEND7 PATIENT8 DISCUSS9 TIDY10 SELF11 EXPECT
I still feel the and harmony that we used to have at home when I was a cThey are always moralising about young people's .We about music and politics but we still were good friends.It's awfully when your parents don't trust you.The older generation often of our manners, hairstyles and the way we dlI have my own ideas and principles and I feel quite of anyoneMy dad demanded a full explanation and was starting to lose his .Don't shout and try to show that you are able to take part in a reasoned .Polly was so that she drove her flatmates mad.Miranda was such a person that she never made any real frienNobody's perfect, so try to have realistic and don't demandmuch of your best friends.I used to be very shy when I arrived here but my aunt always mget out and meet more people.Your friendly smile and can make people change their minds widany force and anger.
2 Decide which answer A, B, C or D fits each space best.
Everybody 1 problems with parents and so have I. The problems with my parents 2•.................
when I was sixteen. I wanted to get a Saturday 3....•..................... but my parents ordered me to stay at homestudy for my exams. Whenever I 4 ............•...........••. that all my friends had Saturday jobs, they always repL'We don't care 5........................•... , it's you we're worried about.' Their standards infuriated me so much 1
I did whatever 16 ...•....•.............•..... to provoke them. I purposely dyed my hair white blonde and plasteredface in make-up when I went to school. 7............•....•....•. , all I managed to achieve was mass arguments befI left 8..•••.••••••••..•..•......... Every time I attempted to go out in the evening, my parents asked me 9.........•......••••••.
out with and where we were going. They even 10•..••.••..............•..•••. my giving them my friend's telephlnumber in case they 11..........•••..••......•.•.....• to contact me. I felt that if! gave it'to them they 12........•............•
on me. It never occurred to me that they were just worried about me.
1 A had B has C have D was having2 A started B start C had started D have started3 A working B work C job D occupation4 A pointed at B pointed to C showed them D pointed out5 A what they do B what do they do C what did they do D what they done6 A could B can C was able D will be able7 A Besides B Although C However D Moreover8 A anyway B anywhere C nowhere D anyhow9 A who was I going B who I was going C where I was going D where was I goi
~
10 A insisted in B insisted about C insisted of D insisted on11 A need B would need C needed D will need12 A would check up B will check up C checked up D check up
3 Look carefully at each line. Some lines are correct, but some have a word that should not be theTick each correct line. If a line has a word which should not be there, underline the word and writEnext to the number of the line. The first two lines have been done for you.
I quite liked Andrew when we &first met. However, although myfriends said they found him attractive I didn't fancy him at all. Heinvited me out and I must to admit that I was more impressed by hiscar than by him at first. However, I really enjoyed it being with him.
He fascinated me with his stories of his travels in the mountains.Moreover, we were both very keen on the music. Soon I realised I hadfallen in love with him. His sense of humour really appealed to me.Now, two years later I so absolutely adore him and I can't understandwhy I didn't fall for him the moment we first set eyes on to eachother. He is a very caring person, often fond of children. He is alwaysaffectionate and loving towards me and the people he cares for.I hope we'll always worship by each other and be as devotedto our life when toge!her as we are now.
3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 .10 .11 .
4 Complete the sentences with the words from the bank. You may use the word only once. There aremore words than you need.
How to get on with other people1 Show interest in others.2 to others.3 Smile.4 Don't others.5 Show your appreciation.
6 Make others important.7 Admit your mistakes.8 Respect others' .9 Be kind, polite and .10 Treat others in an open way.
5 Read the text below. Each line has a word missing. Use a stroke to show where a word has been left outand write the missing word on the right. The first has been done for you.
It is thought that friendship is more important / romantic love. It is oneof most rewarding experiences in life. Without friends you would feel lonely andisolated. You would be deprived all the warmth and intimacy that comefrom sharing a close relationship someone. Moreover, the feelings of securitytrust can also help you when dealing with various aspects of life. A real friend isalways faithful and reliable. It is to whom you can tell your deepest personalthoughts without fear being betrayed. However, nobody's perfect. So, try tohave realistic expectations and demand too much'of the other. We all have beenlet down a friend at some point in our lives. Maybe your friend let out a secretor sided with the opposition during an argument. Have mind that friendships don'tdevelop overnight. They deepen over time as you begin trust each other.
o ,thr:1J. .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 .10 .
6 Make all the necessary changes and additions to produce sentences, which together make a completeletter. The first has been done for you.
Dear Mr and Mrs Greens,
1 Thank / very much / wonderful weekend!.T.ht;ll1k Y.QH.Y.~ry.11;.l-!9h.h,r .. t;l..WQIJ.4<!,rju,(.w<!f3.km4.!. .
2 I / have / such / good time / visit / you / your family.
Yours sincerely,Irene Howe
- erate )
READING and SPEAKING
SWEET SIXTEENJohn Oliver takes a critical look at what it's like beingsixteen.
It isn't easy being sixteen. It's a time of conflictingfeelings and desires. You want to go out and have fun,have a social life, have a boyfriend or a girlfriend, maybestart a serious relationship. At the same time, importantpublic exams are clouding the horizon1 and your schoolwork is becoming more and more demanding. At home youwant your parents to treat you like an adult yet you stilldepend on them for food and practical help. It's also a timewhen friendships can be unstable as you experiment withyour own self-image. You may feel a sense of loss as youdrop your old friends or are yourself dropped by them. These:eelings of pressure and conflict at school, at home and-=.longst your peers are not generally helped by thosetactless adults who tell you to 'make the most of the bestyears of your life because it's all downhill after you leaveschool'.
The fact is that l6-year-olds today are a lot busier thanthose adults were 30 or 40 years ago. You seek yourpleasures more actively and cram a lot more int02 your lives.You're impossibly busy (when you are not in one of yourwell-earned Sunday'morning comas) trying to get homeworkdone, revising for a science test, playing in a match,rehearsing for a play, looking your best for your newboyfriend / girlfriend or going to a friend's party. Many ofyou are trying to solve your constant money shortage bydoing a part-time job. At the same time, your parents are- ddenly expecting more help from you at home, withwashing-up, babysitting and other domestic duties. Yourealise that you have to establish priorities3, but you find ithard, especially when your parents want to do it for you.
It is the difference between your own and your parents'priorities that makes family life explosive when you'resixteen. Many parents don't worry too much about whethertheir child is popular, having a good social life or going outwith friends. Instead, they emphasise the importance ofdoing well at school and getting good exam results. Youknow that they're right, up to a point - that you have tohave qualifications to get anywhere in this competitiveworld. But at the same time you realise that however brilliantlyyou do in your exams, you won't be happy if you haven'tgot any friends. You also know that if you don't collect newexperiences, and take social and emotional risks, you willnot become an independent and self-reliant adult.
Sex can be another cause of conflict between l6-year-aids and their parents. At the age of 16 it becomes legal inBritain for heterosexuals to have sex. However, this legalmilestone does not bring with it a sense of liberation for allteenagers. For those who are shy with the opposite sex anddon't have a boyfriend / girlfriend, it can actually cause afeeling of failure. Those who do want a sexual relationshipface practical difficulties. Quite apart from a fairly prevalentfear of AIDS, there are very few l6-year-olds whose parentsallow them to bring their boyfriend / girlfriend home for thenight.
What words of comfort or useful advice can we give toteenagers? You, not your parents, must decide on yourpriorities even if you won't always make the right choices.But try to keep your options open4 by balancing schoolwork, social life, relationships and hobbies. Living with yourparents won't last forever. So, while you are with them,make the most of not having to pay electricity and heatingbills. Enjoy having a fridge full of food and your laundrydone for you. And remember, being sixteen only lasts a year.
GLOSSARYlc10uding the horizon: spoiling the future; 2cram ... into: pack tightly into; 3priority: a thing that is regard~das more important than others; 4to keep one's options open: to avoid making a decision now, so that one stillhas a choice later
SummaryIt's difficult to be sixteen. Firstly, you would like to be treated as a(n) 1 Still you cannot beotally 2...•..•••.•....................• of your parents because they provide you with money ~nd food. Secondly, it's the
time when you may feel 3..........•..................... as your friendships break up. ThIrdly, teenagers n?wa~ays. ve more 4.....•................•......... than their parents used to have. Moreover, they often take part-time Jobs_ \l~ethe~ ate constantl)' s of money. Furthermore, when you are sixteen you are
oilen in 6 with your parents because of the difference between your own and your parents'priorities. You understand that you have to be 7 ify?u wan.t to get. a good job, so you musttudy hard, also you know that new experiences, social and emotIOnal n~ks WIll help you to beco~e(n) 8 adult. Another reason teenagers and their parents about ~s
sex. Though it is legal in Britain to have sex when you are 16, still very 10•...............•............. :. parents let th~Ir~hildren bring their boyfriend / girlfriend home for the night. To sum up, though you lack expenence and practIceof life it is you who has to make 11•.•....•........................ and be responsible for them. Very often you may be
faced with a difficult 12 .••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• of your priorities, nevertheless, try to give equal importance todifferent parts of your life. So enjoy living with your parents and having no problems with 13....................•........... ,
14•..••.••.•.••.••.•.......•.•.•.. and piles of various 15 ••.•.•••••.•.•.•••..••..•.•.•..•.
1 being in serious disagreement, argument, opposition - c .2 needing a lot of your time, attention or effort - d .3 likely to change or end suddenly - u .4 not being careful about saying or doing something that could upset someone - t.. .5 causing strong feelings, making people angry or violent - e .6 involving competition - c .7 making people have strong feelings - e .8 not wanting or needing anyone else to help you or do things for you - i .9 not confident, especially about meeting or talking to new people - s .10 existing or happening generally; widespread - p .
3 Look through the questionnaire and tick only these definitions which characterise a good friend.Calculate your score and read about your attitude towards friendship in the Results Table below.
A Friend1 D never gets tired of listening to you2 D tells you everything about himself / herself3 D is always able to encourage you4 D never criticises your behaviour5 D runs to your help immediately6 D knows when it is the right time to speak7 D cares and is close to you in all situations
8 D can give you helpful advice9 D accepts your mistakes10 D knows how to console you11 D wants the best for you12 D prefers you to others13 D is on hand when necessary
Give yourself 5 points for answers 5,6,8,9, 10Give yourself 10 points for answers 3, 7, 13Give yourself 30 points for answers 1, 2,4, 11, 12
1 to 2S pointsYou tend to choose your friends superficially. You geton well with them, but relations are only skin deep. Becareful, true friendship should be more rewarding. Oneday you could feel lonely and disillusioned.
60 to 100 pointsYou enjoy getting to know other people and this helpsyou form close friendships. You are good at listeningand giving sensible advice to your friends. In return,they trust you, so your relationships with others arenearly always sincere and loyal.
30 to SS pointsIt's difficult for you to make friends because you aren'tvery willing to get involved with other people. If you tryto be more warm-hearted and accommodating, you'llsee how others will like you.
More than 100 pointsFriendship is a vocation for you and it fills your life.You are generous and open-minded, you know how tohelp others and you are prepared to shrug off their faults.All these characteristics enable you to form sincererelationships. Well done!
4 Choose the definition which states the meaning of the word or phrase best. Find and highlight thewords and phrases in the questionnaire above.
1 to encouragea) to make something possibleb) to give somebody confidence and hopec) to ask for information
2 to consolea) to make someone unhappy and worriedb) to hide somethingc) to make someone who is sad feel better
3 is on handa) is near you and ready to help when
necessaryb) holding each other's handc) is very busy
4 disillusioneda) annoyed or unhappyb) extremely unpleasantc) feeling disappointed because something is
not as good as you thought
5 willinga) wanting to do somethingb) going to happen in the futurec) reluctant to do something
6 sensiblea) able to make good decisions based on facts
rather than emotionsb) easily upset by the things people say or doc) showing kind feelings such as sympathy, love
• why some people have many friends and some have very few; which is better?• how your partner would define the phrase 'a true friend'• if people with different personalities can be good friends• how often s/he meets her / his friends and what they like doing together; why they get on well with each other• if your partner's friends have ever caused him / her any serious problems; how he / she solves them• why sometimes best friends break up
6a) Read the text and fill in the gaps with the appropriate words or phrases from the bank given. Youmay use the words only once. There are some extra words you will not need.
Our FamilyOur family is rather large. I have a father, a mother, a grandmother, a sister and a brother. The members of
our family 1 with each other; the children respect their elders.My father is a designer. He works hard at his office and at home he helps my mother who is a very busy
woman. She is a doctor and works at a clinic. Father and Mother really love each other. If sometimes it happensso that they 2 •.••.•....•.••.••..••••••...... with each other, it takes them a short time to make it up. They really are3 partners in life. I admire my parents sharing daily routines and helping each other tocreate a comfortable and cosy home to live in. They have shown me that two people can 4 ••...............••......•••...
each other for their whole lives.My grandmother who has retired lives with us. She keeps house for us. Even though we all try to help her,
she has a lot of work to do about the house but she never grumbles or 5 and fulfils dailyroutines without haste.
My elder brother is an engineer. He adores his profession and thinks that it is the best one. He is marriedwith two children. As he says he has fallen in love with his wife the moment he first saw her. They live not farfrom us and we often invite them for dinner. They come to see us at weekends.
My sister is a student at University. She has a boyfriend and as it seems to me she doesn't just like him, sheidolises him I suppose. I 6 him and we often argue.
I am a schoolboy. This year I'm finishing school. I'm fond of music, I'm good at Maths and Physics and I'minterested in computers. I want to become a computer programmer. I'm 7 writing letterstoo, especially to my pen friends abroad. I suppose it helps greatly to learn a foreign language better. Not longago I joined an International Pen Friend Club. It's a great fun to 8....................••........• letters from my newpen-friends. I enjoy corresponding with them and I'm glad to tell them about my country, its customs, nationaltraditions and myself. I always look forward to the letters I receive because I am delighted to read them and to9 ..................••.......•..• with the people I have never seen in my life.
fond ofget acquainted
can't stand care forget into conflict
complainsget on well
receivefalls out with
equalrely
6b) Express your opinion on the situation when three generations live together. Use your own arguments orrefer to the text.
How does life with parents and grandparents influence the relationships among the family members? Wouldyou like to live with your parents when you are grown-up? Why? Why not? How could you describe therelationships among the members of your family? What do you admire in your parents? Are there any familytraditions that your parents passed on to you? How can one achieve harmony at home? What do you think ofbig and small families? What are the advantages and disadvantages of being an only child in the family? Is itgood when other relatives live not far from you?
Young people are often complaining that it is difficult to get on well with their parents because their elders do notunderstand them. How do your parents treat you? Is generation gap evident in your family? Do you often havearguments with your parents? What do you usually argue about? How do you behave when you feel that yourparents don't approve of your behaviour, taste in clothes, choice of friends, hairstyle etc? What do you think isthe best way to cope with this problem?
8 Write down five characteristics of an ideal wife / husband. Compare your list with the list your friend hasmade and explain your choice to each other. Discuss the following:
• the right age to get married• the importance of good looks, intelligence and money in a partner• 'rules' for a happy marriage• men's and women's traditional roles in the family• divorce as the best solution to problems between a husband and a wife• living with someone you are not married to• living by yourself
WRITING
A The problem has to do with my parents.B I have no one to talk my problems over.C If you were in my shoes, what would you do?
D they don't take me seriously.E Anxiously waiting for your letter.
Dear Auntie,Thanks for your letter. It was nice to hear from you. How is your little doggy? I hope he's
all right. Now that my school is ovel; I've decided to write you a letter because 1 .
I need your advice.2•••.....••••.•••.•••••.•...................••••••. My friends and I want to go on a camping holiday for
some days. We agreed to take our tents, some food and to stay by the lake for the weekend. Therewill be five of us. But my parents don't want to let me go. They say it would be better for me tospend the time at my granny's in the village and to help her there with the gardening (which Ihate). I've told them that I don't like staying alone in the country but 3 .
Another problem is that they think I'm too young to go alone with my friends without anadult. What should I do to make them understand that I've grown up? I feel helpless and I don'tknow what to do. I shouldn't leave without their permission, should I ? 4 .
Let me know what you think of the situation as soon as possible. I would appreciate youradvice. 5.................................................. .
Yours,Lucy
_,? Would;:ribe the. ' family
_ mink of. y? Is it
=rsdonot-:ieil have
:bat yourthink is
2 Divide these set phrases into three groups: set phrases for the opening paragraph; expressionsasking for advice in the main part; set phrases for the closing paragraph.
1 What should I do?2 I hope I haven't troubled you too much .3 Do you think it would be a good idea to ...?4 I've got a problem and I'd like your advice .5 What do you think of the problem / situation?6 I hope you can help me with the problem I have.7 I need your advice because I don't know what to do.g Sorry I haven't written for so long but I've been having problems with ...9 Please write back soon.10 I'm writing to ask for your advice.11 What do you suggest?12 If you were me, what would you do?
3 Your family has moved to a new town where your parents have found jobs. You have to help youryounger brother and sister with their studies because your parents are at work till late at night. Ittakes much of your time and you have fallen behind with your own studies. You don't know how tocope with the problem. Write a letter of 120-160 words to a friend or relative asking for advice on theproblem you have.
1 that is to say2 as soon as possible3 repondez, s'il vous plait (please reply)4 please turn over (the page)5 for example6 et cetera (and so on)7 compare8 postscript (a note at the end of a letter)
a) etcb) iec) RSVPd) PSe) egf) Cfg) PTOh) asap
5 Read the letter of apology written by Dave Moor to his new neighbour and underline the phraseswhich show that the writer:
• has made an apology• has accepted full responsibility• has explained the circumstances of the accident
• has offered to make amends• understands the gravity of the situation
50 Park RoadGreenwill
Dear Mr Wright,
I must immediately apologise for your garden fence, which I am afraid, was my fault. I am verysorry if the news will affect your bright holiday mood.
On Monday I decided to cut down the old apple-tree. While I was working, one very large branch,which appeared to have been dead, fell and crushed your fence.
I have cleared the debris, and will, of course, pay to have the fence rebuilt as soon as possible.Please let me know when it would be convenient for me to discuss this with you.
With my apologies once again. The news must have been very unpleasant but I assure you that Iwill do everything I can to make amends for the worry I have caused you.
Yours sincerely,~aAt€' ~
Dave Moor
6 You lost the book, which you had borrowed from the British library. Write a letter of 120-160 wordspointing this out, apologise and offer to replace the book. Use the phrases given below if necessary.Don't forget to repeat your apology in the closing paragraph of the letter .
• I do I must apologise for (doing) sth.• Please accept my sincere apologies.• I am ready to make amends for (doing) sth.
• I would like to apologise (most sincerely) forany embarrassment caused I the damage I havecaused.
accept I;}k'sept/ priimtiaccommodating 1;}'kom;},deltII)I paslaugusachieve I;}'tfi:vl pasiektiact on one's own lrektl veikti savarankiskaiadmire I;}d 'maI;}1 zavetisadmit I;}d' mrt/ pripazintiadore I;}'d:>:1dievintiaffair 1;}'fe;}1meiles rysiai, romanasaffectionate 1;}'fekJn;}tl meilusagree (with) 1;}'gri:1 sutartiannoy I;}'n:>r!erzinti, pykintianxiously I'rel)kJ;}slil neramiai, susiriipinusappeal to I;}'pi:ll patiktiappreciate 1;}'pri:Ji,eltl vertintiapprove (of) I;}'pru:vl pritartiargue l'a:gju:1 gincytis, teigtiashamed 1;}'Jelmdl susiged«sattract/;}'trrektl (pa)traukti, masintibetray IbI'trer! isduotibreak up I, brerk' Api issiskirtibring up I, bnl)' Api uzauginti, isaukletibully I'bulil santazuoticaring l'ke;}nl)l riipestingascause Ib:zl biiti priezastimi, priversticoma I'bum;}1 komacomfort I'knmf;}tl paguodacompetitive Ibm'pet;}tlvl linkis rungtyniauti, konkuruoticomplain (about) Ibm'plem/ slatstisconfide Ibn'faldl pa(si)tiketiconfident I' konfld(;} )ntl (savimi) pasitikintisconsole Ibn's;}ul/ (nu)raminti, (pa)guosticonstant I'konst;}nt/ nuolatinis, nekintamascram Ikrrern/ intensyviai ruostis, mokytiscross with sb Ikrosl supyk«sdeal with Idi:l/ nagrineti, biiti skirtamdebris I'debri:, 'delbri:1 nuolauzos; griuvesiaidelight IdI'lartl malonumasdemanding Idr'ma:ndII)I reikalaujantis daug pastangl{deprive IdI'prarvl atimtidesire IdI'ZaI;}1 naras, troskimasdevoted IdI'V;}Utldlatsidavzsdisagree l,dIS;}'gri:1 nesutartidrive sb mad vesti is protodrop Idropl atsisakyti, mestidye IdaII dazyti (plaukus)embarrassment Irm' brer;}sm;}ntl sumisimasenable 1m 'erbl/ igalinti, leistiencourage Im'kAnd31 padr'sinti, paskatintiestablish /rs'treblrJI itvirtinti, ikurti, nustatyti
expectation l,ekspek'teIJnl liikestis, viltisexplosive /rks'pl;}uSIVI sprogstamasisface IfeIsl stoveti pries, dr'lsiai pasitiktifailure I'ferlj;}1 nesekmefaithful /'feI8fl/ istikimasfall behind atsiliktifall for sb isimyletifall out with susipyktifancy I'frensil noreti, patikti, trauktifascinate I' fresmeltl zaveti, trauktifulfil Iful'frll ivykdytiget acquainted I;}'kwemtldl susipazintiget on sutarti, sugyventigrumble I' gr Ambll niurnetihaste IheIstl skubejimas, skubainfuriate Im'fjU;}n,eltl isiutintiinvolve Im'volvl itrauktilaundry I'b:ndril skalbiniailet sb down nuviltilook up to sb gerbtiloss 1I0si praradimas, netekimasloyal I' hI;}11 istikimasmake amends I;}'mendzl atlyginti nuostoliusmake it up susitaikytimilestone I'marl,st;}unl gaire, labai svarbus ivykisnag Inregl grauzti, neduoti ramybespass on to sb perduotipatient (with) l'peIJntl kantruspeer IpI;}1 bendraamzispile Iparll kriivaplaster l'pla:st;}1 (uz)tepti, uzlipdytipressure I'preJ;}1 itampaprevalent I'prev;}l;}ntl paplitzspriority IpraI'or;}til prioritetas, svarbiausias dalykasprovoke Ipr;}'v;}uk! (su)pykdyti, (su)erzintipurposely I'p3:p;}slil tyciaput up (with) pak«sti, toleruotireasoned I'ri:zndl motyvuotas, protingasrehearse In'h3:s1 repetuoti, kartotireluctant In'IAkt;}ntl nenorintisrely (on) In'lar! pasitiketirespect/n'spektl gerbtirestriction In'stnkJnl apribojimasrewarding /rr'w:>:dII)I teikiantis pasitenkinim I
row /raul skandalas, vaidassee eye to eye sutartiseek Isi:kl ieskoti, siektiself-reliant I,selfn'lar;}ntl nepriklausomasselfish l'selfIJI savanaudis
wordssary.
sensible I'sens~bl/ protingasset eyes on sb isvysti pirm~ kart~share IJe~1pa(si)dalintishortage !'J::>:tIcBIstygiusshrug off I,JrAg 'of! neimti i galv'l., nereaguatisuperficially Isu:p~'fIJ~lil pavirsutiniskaisympathy I'srrnp~eil uiuojautatactless I'ta:ktbsl netaktiskastend buti linkusiamtotally I't~ut~lil visiskai
treat Itri:tl elgtis (su kuo), laikytitrust /tr Astl pasitiketiunstable IAn'steIbll nestabilusuntidy IAn'taIdil netvarkingasupset IAp' setl susikrimtl(s, prislegtasviolent l'vaI~I~ntl umusvocation Iv~'keIJ n/ pasaukimaswill Iwdl naras, valiaworship I'W3:JIpl garbinti
for_ I have
ADDITIONAL WORD BANKacquaintance I~'kwemt~nsl paiistamasadopt I~'dopt/ ivaikintiadoption/~'dopJn/ ivaikinimasanniversary I,a:m'v~:s~ril metinesbe delighted to do sth IdI'lartId/ daryti su malonumube eager to do sth l'i:g~1 traksti k~nors darytibest man pajaunysbride I' brardl nuotakabridegroom I'braIdgru:m/ jaunikisbridesmaid I'braIdsmeId/ pamergecolleague /'koli:gl kolegadate IdeIt! pasimatymasdependent (on) IdI'pend~nt/ priklausomas (nuo)despise ldI'sparz! niekintielders vyresnieji (tevai, suaugusieji)ex-husband leks'hAzb~ndl buvl(s vyrasex-wife buvusi imonafancy dress partY kamavalasfiance If!' onseI! suiadetinisfiancee IfI'onsi:1 suiadetinefuneral I'fju:nr~l/ laidatuvesget along with sb sutartiget engaged to sb 1m'geIcBd/ susiiadeti
get pregnant f'pregn;Jnt/ pastotigive birth to a child /b3:8/pagimd ytigo out with sb draugauti (su), susitikineti(su)have influence on sb /'mflu:ms/ tureti itak'l kam narshostile f'hostaIi/ priesiskasidolise f' aId;J,law idealizuotiintroduce sb to sb /,mtr;J'dju:s/ supaiindinti, pristatytilook down on sb iilireti is aukstamate /rneIt/ biciulis, draugas (classmate, flatmate, roommate)propose to sb /pr;J'p;JuzlpasipirStirelations /n'leISnzl rysiai; giminesrelativef'rel;JtIV/ giminaitis(-e)resentful /n'zentfl/ pasipiktinl(s, isiieidl(sset a good example paradyti ger'lpavyzdishare one's experience pasidalinti patirtirnisplit up with sb issiskirti, susipyktitake care of sb rupintis kuo norstake revenge on sb /n'vencBIatkersytitreat sb with respect rodyti pagarb'ltwins /twmzJdvynukai (-es)wedding vestuveswidow /'wId;Ju/naslewidower f'WId;JU;J/naslys
friend: close, dear, good, great, intimate, real, special; faithful, loyal, true; lifelong, long-standing, old It was so relaxing tobe among oldfriends. female, male He was last seen leaving a restaurant with afemale friend. mutual We met each other-hrough a mutualfriend. family, personal; childhood, school Do you keep in touch with any schoolfriends? become, remain,stay friends Westayedfriends even after we grew up and left home. find, make Hefinds it difficult to make friends. win He;mn't win any friends ifhe carries on behaving like that. a circle of friends; a friend of mine He introduced me to his circleoffriends.
friendly: exceptionally, extremely He was exceptionally friendly towards me. be on friendly terms (with sb) Wehave managedw remain onfriendly terms. be friendly to sb Ifeell can ask her to help me because she's always been very friendly to me.
_;B friendly is an adjective, not an adverb, sodon't say 'they treated me friendly'. Say they treated me in a friendly way or theywere friendly to me.
friendship: deep, firm, great, warm; innocent, true Their affair has started out as an innocentfriendship. Truefriendship is":orth more than money. eternal, lasting, lifelong, long His friendships never last long. develop, establish, form, make, startup, strike up Betty struck up afriendship with a girl on her course. promote The aim of the culture festival is to promote- 'endship between two countries. renew; destroy, spoil, wreck How can you let such a silly incident wreck your friendship?etray He betrayed our friendship by revealing my secrets to his cousin.
relationship between people. groups. countries'endly, happy, harmonious, healthy, strong; stormy, strained The relationships between the two countries are strained.
lose, intense, intimate, special; enduring, lasting, long-term, permanent, serious, stable, steady; brief, casual; family,uman, interpersonal, one-to-one person; business, contractual, formal, marital, physical, professional, sexual, nodal, trade,. orking Lithuania wants to have trade relationships with all countries.aegin, build (up), develop, establish, foster They established the relationship of trust. improve, strengthen; continue; handle,manage He's not very good at handling personal relationships. destroy Lack of trust destroys many relationships,
tongue knee nose ear leg solebottom toes arm neck eye backlips hair mouth head shoulder tooth (pi. teeth)elbow heel chest hand fingers foot (pi. feet)waist thumb
1 Ann's cut her .2 The man's broken his .3 Steve's got (a) .4 He's bruised his .
5 Sue's got a pain in her .6 The boy's hurt his .7 She her head on the cupboard door.8 My aches.
1 The boy had no appetite.2 Steve was short-sighted.3 The old man was a bit deaf.4 Paul took things easy.5 My father went on a diet.6 Allan had a headache.7 Eddy cut down on cigarettes.8 My grandfather got a hearing aid.
A His head hurt.B He didn't want to eat anything.C He relaxed and avoided working too much.D He bought something to help him hear better.E He couldn't see things far away.F He couldn't hear very clearly.G He decided to eat and drink only certain things.H He smoked less.
1 The doctor asked his patient to down on the couch.A lie B stand Clay
2 The doctor gives you a to take to the chemist's to obtain medicine.A recipe B receipt C prescription
3 There were five waiting in the doctor's surgery.A clients B customers C patients
d door.::.zhes.
J h.xtter.
4 Whenever there's a flu doctors are kept very busy.A breakout B outbreak C outcome
5 Can you please an appointment for me to see the doctor?A do B take C make
6 A walk in the forest will .A better you B do you good C be well
7 You keep sneezing. You must have caught .A a cold B a cough . C a headache
8 Each time I sneezed, everyone said, , you!'A cough B thank C bless
9 Helen hasn't quite her illness yet.A recovered B got over C suffered
10 That was a bad fall! Have you yourself?A damaged B wounded C hurt
11 I had severe toothache and half my face was badly .A swollen B rounded C injured
12 The doctor told me to the medicine three times a day.A have B take C get
13 Her little son with flu during his holidays.A go down B went down C went ill
14 Have you taken anything your headache?A at B for C against
15 Many people a cold in winter.A catch B catches C caught
examinedadvice
sore fresh get tiredpains prescription
getting thin( ner) takedoctor a terrible cold
get betternurse well
chemist'spatient
Yesterday I decided to visit my 1................••.....•• I've been having 2••.••.•.•••.••••.•...•.• in my chest. I've lost myappetite and I think I'm 3.................................. I 4 easily, as well. Last week I caught5....•...••.........••••. My throat felt 6 ............••...•.•.... and I could hardly speak. I hoped it would 7•.••......•.••.••.......
, but in fact it got worse. The doctor 8 me and gave me a 9 'You canget this medicine at the 10...•........•........... ', he said. 'Don't worry. You'll soon be all right'. I asked the doctor togive me some 11•••••••••.•.•.•.•........ 'When you feel better, 12•.•••.••.....•..•••.••••• plenty of exercise, and you needplenty of 13 air. You'll be 14 in no time'. I thanked the doctor as the15•.•.•....•.•..•••••...•. showed me out before leading in the next 16....•...•..•.•..•......•••
se the words and collocations given below to complete the sentences. There are three extracollocations you don't have to use. Write your own sentences with these collocations.
kill the painacupuncture
pull a muscle vegetarian dietalternative therapies
badly swollenbe operated on
blood circulationfeel stressed
The ball hit him right in the eye and his eyelid was ._ Avoiding animal fat and choosing a reduces your risk of developing heart disease.
Eating garlic is said to help .He has to his spine to cure his back problems.
- Some people who suffer from migraine say that is the only thing that helpsthem.
6 It's said that traditional medicine and should go hand in hand.
o .4.r:;p.':.t;.~~~~!!.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 .10 .
1 There is a word missing in each line. Put a stroke ( / ) in the place where the word is missing and writethe appropriate form of the word next to the number of the line. The first has been done for you as anexample.
depressablebreatheconsiderharmimportantjudgecorrectdemandsteadydifferent
Physical exercise is one of the best ways of keeping / away: It helpsyou to improve your body and mind and you to perform betterin the work place and at home. Proper is essential if you want to getthe most from exercise and you should also take into your heart rate.It can be to do too much, which is why all good fitness instructorsemphasise the of 'listening to your body'. When you first start youshould use good, because it's easy to make the mistake of using theequipment or doing too much at one time. Start slowly and build upgradually. Exercise should not be seen as a task; it can be as easy asa quick walk. To increase your fitness, exercise for 30 minutes a day,5 to 6 times a week and you'll notice a in your body and mind in a few weeks.
2 Use the word given below to form a word that fits the gap.
The government should decide to take the unpopular 1•.•.•. 4f:<;,~~.ip.'!- to ban smoking in a lot of public places.A study carried out in 1997 suggested that 25 % of secondary school students aged 15-16 are regular2•.•.••.•.•.•.••..•.•.........• The number of boys who smoke has been falling recently, but not the number of girls. Theresearch into the factors which influence young people to smoke suggests that parental approval or3 of the habit is a major factor.Though a lot of people find smoking 4 ..•....•.•.•.•..•.•••...•••.•••.•.. and though experts all agree it is 5••.........•.•.•.•.••.•.•.•.•..•.
and that it costs the state a lot to treat victims of6 .................••......•.•.•..• , it is also undeniable that many peopleget 7 •••••.•••..•.•..•••.•.••••.••••.•• from the habit and find smoking 8 ••.•.•.•••••.•••••.••••.•••• when they are in company.However, it is now 9 to deny the anti-social nature of the habit. As advertising has provedineffective with many smokers, the government should make smoking 10•.......••........•.........•..•......•. in mostpublic places.Smokers who are 11 to stop smoking would be obliged to enjoy their pastime in privateand might feel that such 12•.•.•.•...•.••.•.••...•.•.•.•....••.. are unjust, but for passive smokers for whom a room full ofsmoke is 13••..•.••••••....••.•.•.•.•.•.•.•..•..•.• they would come as a 14•.•..••.•.•••••••.•.•.•......•••....... of fresh air. It hasbeen suggested that any form of 15•.....•.•.••.•....•.•.•.......••..•.. relating to cigarettes should also be banned.
5 HEALTH6 SMOKE7 PLEASE8 RESIST
1 DECIDE2 SMOKE3 APPROVE4 PLEASE
9 POSSIBLE10LEGALlIABIE12 MEASURE
13 BEAR14 BREATHE15 ADVERTISE
3 Complete the second sentence so that it is as similar in meaning as possible to the first, using theword given. Do not change the word.
o My elder sister has had a baby boy and is feeling fine.birthMy elder sister has ~.~~.~'!:.~!:.~~.~?.~.~c::~"!..~?y.and is feeling fine.
1 His mother often has terrible headaches.suffersHis mother terrible headaches.
2 Your parents took care of you while you were ill.lookedYour parents while you were ill.
3 This medicine isn't having any effect now.wearing offThe effect of this medicine .
4 Little Sally had to have a tooth extracted last week.outLittle Sally had her last week .
S After fainting the little boy regained consciousness after a few minutes.roundHaving fainted, the little boy after a few minutes.
6 Has your brother recovered from his illness yet?overHas your brother his illness yet?
7 Jane has gained a lot of weight since I last saw her.putJane has since I last saw her.
8 The secretary caught flu and had to have time off work.wentThe secretary and had to have time off work.
9 Since his heart attack, my grandfather has not been well at all.poorEver since his heart attack, my grandfather has suffered health .
. d writeou as an
. places._ regular
-~. Is. The__oval or
READING and SPEAKING
1 Read the article carefully. Ten sentences are missing from this article. Study the sentences A-K and choosethe one that fits each gap 1-10. There is one sentence you do not need •
• r people:: mpany.
-.- proved_ in most
Although stress can sometimes be a good thing becauseit gives you the motivation to do your best, it can have aharmful effect on you mentally and physically if it is fortoo long. It can cause sleeplessness, anxiety, moodswings, depression and illness. These are the 10 ways tocombat excess stress.
11 E I By doing this you will feel in control anddecide what things are more urgent and important.Feeling prepared can get rid of a lot of stress. Muchstress is caused by doing things when there isn't enoughtime to do them, eg revising everything you have learnedthe night before a test.
2 I Instead of worrying about doing somethingor avoiding it because you are scared of doing it (in caseyou fail) - just do it! The sooner you take action, themore time you will have if anything goes wrong.
____ I Keeping your body healthy reduces stress.Cut down on too much caffeine and sweet things. Make·ure you get enough sleep and vitamin C.
____ I Deep breathing works because gettingore oxygen into your body relaxes you. You can either'e up yoga or simply try breathing in deeply through
.:our nose then exhaling through your mouth and then~peat it ten times.
____ I Doing something you really enjoy means.'ou get a chance to take a break and 'recharge your_ teries' . People who do not do this feel depressed and
~
then their problems seem bigger and they can no longerput them into perspective.
16 I If you think negatively, stress can take over.But if you keep reminding yourself that you can cope andthat you know what you are doing, stress often goes away.
17 I Youcan't change them so why worry? Workon the things you can do something about.
18 I Two cliches that people often quote are'variety is the spice of life' and 'a change is as good asa rest' , the good news is that they are both true. Realisingthat the world holds a lot more possibilities than thethings you generally focus on can make you forget yourproblems.
19 I Telling people about your problems canoften help. This way you will feel less isolated. Youshould also tell people such as teachers or boyfriends /girlfriends or parents how stressed you feel about certainthings. Once they realise how you feel they might beable to help, eg providing to parents that you are adult andmature than shouting it at them during an argument oftenhelps.
110 I Find somewhere where you have space tothink, rest and generally chill out. You should also usethis space to write down some possible solutions to thethings that are stressing you. Then write down possibleways you can do those things. Attacking the problem isbetter than waiting for it to just go away.
private31 full of
.' . It hased.
~gESE
A Stop worrying about things you can't change.B Don't procrastinate.C Remember to have fun.D Communicate.E Organise and prioritise.F Twice a year have a full medical examination.
G Stay positive.H Look after yourself.I Try new things and find out about new things.J Take charge and be pro-active.K Breathe.
2 Decide if the statements below are true (T) or false (F). Read aloud the part of the text that you think givesyou the answer.
1 Stress is not always harmful, it can also be useful.2 Planning and deciding which things are more important to you can reduce stress a lot.3 Don't do anything if you are not sure that you will succeed.4 Physical exercises and healthy food cannot help to get rid of stress.5 Don't try to change things that cannot be changed by you.6 You should always avoid changes and unknown things.7 Speak about the things that worry you and try to solve the problem as soon as possible.
breathing indepression
sleeplessnesstake over
perspectiveprocrastinate
exhalinganxiety
chill outprioritise
1 action of sending air out of the lungs 6 delay or postpone doing something2 state of being sad and without enthusiasm or hope 7 take control, dominate3 a worry or fear about something 8 action of taking air into the lungs4 inability to sleep 9 relax, calm down5 a sensible way of judging how good, bad, important, 10 give something priority
etc something is in comparison with other things ~
3b) Complete these sentences using some of the words and expressions above making any Cha~ge~renecessary.
1 The man committed suicide during a fit of .2 George as managing director when Philip retires.3 Try to a little before discussing these problems with them again.4 Her father's health has recently been a great to her.5 He until it was too late to do anything at all.6 Pain, noise, hunger, excessive tiredness, stress and worry usually cause .
4a) This is how the dictionary defines health, but everyone probably has their own definition of what itactually means to be healthy.
health / heW / n [U] the state of being well and free from illness in body or mind; the condition of aperson's body or mind
Look at the chart below and tick the five statements which correspond most closely with your owndefinition of the word.
Being healthy is• having all your body parts in perfect working order• eating right• hardly ever going to the doctor• getting lots of fresh air• not being overweight or underweight• living to one hundred years
• exercising to the point of perspiration several times a week• never suffering from anything more than a slight cold or headache• never smoking, drinking alcohol or taking drugs• hardly ever getting stressed or depressed• hardly ever taking any pills or medicines• having a 'good to be alive' feeling when you wake up• knowing how to relax• something else?
5 Work in pairs. Read the dialogue and study the sentences in the box below. Make similar dialoguesusing the given sentences and phrases from the additional word bank.
A: Hello! What's the matter with you?B: I've got a headache and feel awful.A: Oh, I'm sorry. Why don't you take an aspirin?
I've got stomach ache / earache / toothache / a blister.I've got a bad cold / a cough / a sore throat / a temperature.I've got a pain in my back / shoulder / foot.I feel awful/sick / ill.Why don't you take an aspirin /lie down / go home / see a doctor?
00) Work in pairs. Imagine that you are feeling rotten: you are weak, shivery, with an aching head, backand limbs. Your temperature is up over 38°C. You are sweating a lot, you have lost your appetite andfeel sick. You've got flu.
• to stay indoors and keep warm• to keep away from other people as much as possible, in order not to pass the infection• to have plenty of cool drinks - water, fruit drinks, milky drinks• to take aspirin every four hours during the day and get in touch with the doctor• to rest in bed and have light meals
) When you've finished, change the roles. Imagine that the friend is suffering from insomnia. Whatadvice would you give?
-a) Work in pairs. Make a conversation between Jane Smith and her doctor from these mixed-upsentences. Act out their dialogue.
Doctor1 When did this pain start?2 Now, Mrs Smith. What seems to be the matter?3 Well, I'm afraid you've got appendicitis.
We must get you into hospital at once and havethat appendix removed.
4 Let me have a look ... Does it hurt when I press here?5 Have you been sick at all?
Janea) Ow, it certainly does.b) Yes, four or five times.c) I first felt it last night, but it was
worse this morning.d) I've got this pain in my side, doctor.
Jane phones home and tells her husband about her visit to the doctor. She reports what the doctorasked, what she replied and what the doctor diagnosed. Prepare and role-play their conversation.
• the main rules for a healthy way of life• the diseases you had when you were a child• how often one should have their check-up and
why it is important to have it
• how often you have your check-up• the best ways of loosing one's weight• the ways of reducing stress and coping with i• when and why you consulted your doctor las
• You are in England. You are taking Steve, your friend's 5-year-old son, to the doctor's. Here is a list of thesymptoms he's suffering from. What would you tell the doctor? (Skauda ir svaigsta galva, karsCiuoja.neteko apetito, skauda pilvq ir pykina.)
• You are on holiday in Greece and you have some problems with your health. You go to the chemist's to gsome medicine. What do you say? (Ant kojos pirsto issoko pilsle, tode! reikia tepalo ir pleistro. Skaudnugarq, be to dar pradejau koseti. NoreCiau vaistl{ nuo skausmo ir mikstilros nuo kosulio.)
WRITING
Guidelines for writing a for-and-against composition
It is usually written in a formal style. While writing it discuss both sides of the argument to give a balancedVIew.
INTRODUCTION
MAIN BODY
Paragraph 1: present the topic, but do not give your opinion
Paragraph 2: give the argumentsfor the topic together with justifications and examplesParagraph 3: give the arguments against the topic with justifications and examples
Final paragraph: write a balanced personal opinion, or summarise the mainarguments for and against
NB Use appropriate linkers to connect similar ideas and introduce opposing ideas. Start each paragraphwith an appropriate topic sentence.
1a) Read the rubric given in the box. Underline the key words (eg write a composition, arguments forand against etc) and answer the questions that follow. Think at least of two positive and two negativeaspects of including more sport in the curriculum.
Your class has been discussing the importance of sports in schools. Your teacher has asked you towrite a composition giving your arguments for and against the following topic: There should be moresport included in the school curriculum. Write your composition of200-250 words.
• What are you going to write?• Who is going to read your piece of writing?• Should you use informal language? Why (not)?
1b) Now read the sample composition on this topic, underline the correct linkers and list the points for andagainst the topic. Are they similar to yours? What justifications / examples does the author give tosupport each point?
More sport at school?There is no doubt that sport helps to get rid of overwork and stress which affect us both physically and
mentally. It is only logical then, that more physical training classes should be included in the school curriculum.But will they really be beneficial?
Moreover / To begin with, sport promotes co-operation and team spirit, which should be encouragedat every school as the ability to work in a team will be advantageous for young people in their future
..::> with ittor last
· t of thesCiuoja,
--'s to get· Skauda·)
pIespIes
ents fornegative
~:=J
for andr give to
cally andiculum.
couragedir future
career. All in all / Moreover, more hours devoted to sport can only be of great value to students becauseexercising helps relieve the stress and frustration which build up after many hours in the classroom. Asa result / Since, young people are less likely to suffer from stress-related health problems such as heartattack and cancer. Due to the fact that / On the contrary students have to cope with an expandingworkload, very little time is left for them to exercise. For this reason / For example, inclusion of moresport in the school curriculum can be an answer to this problem.
On the other hand / Furthermore, there are people who claim that the school curriculum already includesenough sport, and extra classes will add to students' hectic schedule causing more stress and tension.What is more / However, they argue that sport in school is a waste of valuable learning time, as examinationsrequire students' deep knowledge of different subjects but not physical fitness. Although / In addition tothis, exercising can be quite painful. You may pull a muscle or injure yourself if you are not fit enough.
Last but not least / In conclusion, despite certain objections that some may have, it is obvious that theadvantages of exercising outweigh the drawbacks. Therefore / Also more sport should be included inthe school curriculum.
2a) Read the rubric below, underline the key words and plan your composition by writing down reasons forand against.
Your local newspaper is asking readers to give their opinion on the following topic: Should smokingbe banned in public places?
2b) Write your composition of 200-250 words using the notes you have made. You can make use of theplan below and the suggestions given in the key.
Paragraph 1Paragraph 2Paragraph 3Paragraph 4
Introduction to the subjectThe harmful effects of smoking on our healthViolation of personal freedomConclusion and opinion / recommendation
Your pen friend from abroad is coming to visit you. You had planned to meet her / him at the airport.However, you are in bed with pneumonia. Write a letter of 120-180 words to your pen friend,apologising for not being able to meet her / him and explain why.
You see was running a high temperature thinkhave some bad news apologise for to be on the safe side
caught a cold was pneumoniatake the medicines feel better
PauksCi1{ takas 7LT-2001 Vilnius
May 19, 2003Dear Sally,
How are you? I'm afraid 11 •...•......•........•......• I won't be able to meet you at the airport as we hadplanned. I'm really sorry. 2•••.....•••..........•.•...• , I went on a hiking trip with my friends last weekend. Weslept in tents and the night was rather cold. Besides, it was raining all the time. 13 .
and fell ill. The doctor examined me carefully and told it 4.....••....•.....••••...•••. I have to stay in bed nowand 5 he prescribed. 16 ...•.....•.•••...•.......•.. and had a bad cough. This is what happened.I 7•...••.••••.••.•••••• now but, as my doctor says, I have to stay in bed for a few more days 8 .••••••.•••••••••••••
Anyway, since my house is not so far from the airport, 19 ..•.•••••.••••..••••.••••..• it won't be veryinconvenient for you to take a taxi to my place.
Once again I 10 •....................•••.••.. the trouble. I can't wait to finally meet you.
Bye for now,Marius
Your aunt is coming to visit you. You had promised to meet her at the train station. However, due tothe accident you have had, you are in bed with a broken leg. Write a letter to your aunt apologisingfor not being able to meet her and explain why.
ApologiseI'm afraid that I won't be able to .I'm sorry but I can't .I don't know how to explain but .I apologize for .I'm really sorry .I'm sorry to say .
Explain SituationYou see .Let me explain .Let me start from the beginning .But that's not all .Everything started when .This is what happened .
WORD-BANKache lerkJ skaudeti; skausmasacupuncture I'rekju opAI]ktf~1akupunktfua, adatl! terapijaadult I'redAlt, ~'dAlt/ suaug((s, pilnametisalternative 1:):I't3:n~trvl alternatyva, pasirinkimasankle I'reI]kV kulksnisantioxidant I,renti'oksrd~nt! antioksidantasanxiety lreI]°zar~til susiriipinimas, nerimasappointment I~'pomtm~nt! paskyrimas, susitarimas susitiktiapprove I~'pru:vl pritartiavoid I~'v:)rd/ isvengti; salintisban Ibren! uidraustibear Ibe~1 pakelti, islaikyti, pak((stiblister I'blrst~1 piisleblood IbIAd/kraujasbreath Ibre81 kvepavimasbreathe Ibri:ol kvepuotibruise Ibru:z/ melyne; su(si)musti, uzsigauticause Ib:z/ biiti prieZastimicell IseV l'lstelecharge Itfa:c5f atsakomybe, pareigacheck-up I'tfekApl sveikatos patikrinimaschemist's I'kemrstsl vaistinechest itfestl kriitine; kriitines l'lstacliche I'kli:Seri banali fraze; sablonascombat I'kom, bret! priesintis, kovoticonsciousness I'konS~sn~sl s'lmone; s~moningumascope Ibupl susidoroti, susitvarkyticouch Ikautfl sofa, kusetecough Ikofl kosulys; kosetideaf Idefl kurCiasdemand Idr'ma:nd/ reikalautidisease Idr'zi:z/ ligaear /r~1 ausiselbow I'elb~ul alkiineequipment /r'kwrpm~nt! iranga, irenginiaiexcess I'eks~sl papildomas,virsijantis norm~exhale leks'herV iskveptieye larl akiseyelid I'arlrdl vokas (akies)faint Ifemt! nualptifinger I'frI]g~1 pirstas (rankos)fitness I'frtn~sl gera tizine biikle
flu lfIu:1 gripasgarlic I'ga:lrkJ cesnakasget over l,get'~uv~1 atsigauti, pasitaisytigo down (with) I,g~u'daun! susirgtiharmful l'ha:mfV zalingas, kenksmingashealth Ihe181 sveikatahearing aid I'hr~nI] ,erdl klausos aparatasheel /hi:V kulnashurt /h3:t! skaudeti, uzgautiillness I'rln~sl ligaincrease 1m 0 kri :sl (pa)didinti, (pa )didetiinfluence I'mflu~nsl daryti itaklt, veiktiisolate I'ars~,lert! atskirti, izoliuotiknee Ini:1 kelislay (laid) Ilerl (pa)guldytiwear off nykti; (su)silpneti, praeitilie (lay, lain) !larl guleti, atsigultilungs !lAI]z/ plauciaimature Im~'tfu~1 subrend((smedicine(s) I'medsn! vaistaimetabolism Im~'treb~,lIZm/ medziagl! apykaitamigraine I'mi:grem, 'margrern! migrenamood Imu:d/ nuotaikaneck InekJ kaklas, sprandasoblige 1~'blard.31priverstiobtain I~'btern! isigyti, gautiointment I':)mtm~nt! tepalasoutbreak I'aut, brerkJ protriikisoverweight 1,~uv~'weIt! sveriantis virs normosoxygen l'oksrd.3~n! deguonispastime I'pa:s, tarm! laisvalaikio uisiemimaspatient l'perSnt! pacientasperspiration I,P3:sp~'rerSn! prakaitavimaspill IpIV piliuleprescription Ipn'sknpS~n! receptas (gydytojo)prioritise IpraI' on, tam teikti pirmum~priority IpraI' ordtil pirmumo teiseprocrastinate Ipr~u'krrestI,neIt! atiddioti, vilkintiproper I'prop~1 tinkamasput into perspective Ip~'spektrvl objektyviai vertintiquote Ikw~ut! cituotirate IreIt! tempas, sparta
r, due tologising
receipt Irr'si:t! kvitasrecipe f'resgpil receptas (kulinarinis)recover (from) In'kAVgl pasveikti, atsigautireduce In'dju:sl sumazintiresist In'zIst! atsispirti, priesintisretire In'taIgl iseiti i pensij'lrevise In'valzi kartoti (mediiag/)evere ISI'VIgl astrus, stiprus
short-sighted !'J;,:t,saltld! trumparegissneeze Isni:z1 Ciaudetisolution Isg'lu:Jn/ sprendimasspicy f'spaIsii su prieskoniais, astrussteady f'stedil tvirtas,pastovussuffer (from) I'SAfdl buti kamuojamam, kenteti5Uicide l'su:I,saldl savizudybe
surgery f's3:Cl;)griigydytojo kabinetasswing ISWlfjlsvyravimasswollen I'swgulgn/ sutinzstherapy I' eergpil terapija, gydymasthumb leArn! nykstystip Itlpl patarimas; informacijatoe Itgul kojos pirstastongue ItAfjl lieiuvistreat Itri:t! gydytiunderweight I,Andg'Welt! sveriantis per mazaiurgent 1'3:d.3nt! skubusvegetarian l,vecBg'tegrigni vegetarasvictim f'vlktrml aukawound lwu:nd! zaizdayoga f'jguggl joga
ADDITIONAL WORD BANKes of diseases
ppendicitis Ig,pendr'saltIsl apendicitas; bronchitis Ibrofj 'kartrsl bronchitas; cancer I'kcensgl vezys; chicken-pox. IkIll,poksl vejaraupiai; constipation Ikonstr'perJnl viduriq uzkietejimas; diabetes I,darg'bi:ti:zl diabetas;. rrhoea I,darg'ri:gl viduriavimas; food poisoning I'fu:d ,p;'IZllIfjl apsinuodijimas maistu; hay fever f'her ,fi:vgl sienlige;
atitis I,hepg'taltrsl hepatitas, gelta; indigestion l,rndI'd.3esifn/ virskinimo sutrikimas; inOuenza (Ou) I,rnflu 'enzgl grip as;- rnnia Irn'somnigl nemiga; leukaemia Ilu:'ki:migl leukemija; measles f'rni:zlzl tyrnai; mumps ImAffipsl kiaulyte;
uIDonia Inju:'mguniaJ plauciq uzdegimas; scarlet fever f'ska:lgt ,fi:vgl skarlatina; stroke Istrgukl insultas; tonsillitis~ srlaltrsl angina; tuberculosis Itju:, b3:kj u'lgusrsl tuberkulioze; whooping cough f'hU:Plfj ,kofl kokliusas
The names of illnesses are usually uncountable in English, including those ending in -soIf you 've already had measles,you can't get it again. There s a lot offlu around at the moment. The words for some minor ailments are countable: e.g.
cold, a sore throat, a headache. However, toothache, earache, stomach ache and backache are more oftenountable in British English. In American English, these words are generally countable if they refer to particular
::::-.acksof pain. Compare: Love isn't as bad as toothache. (GB) Love isn't as bad as a toothache. (US)Aichael Swan Practical English Usage
ist's I drug-store (Am E) vaistinee a chemist s in the hotel? J must drop at the chemist s to have my prescription made up.
: this prescription made up. Man rei/da vaistl-bpagamintl{ pagal si receptq.-_give me something for a headache. Prasom kq nors nuo galvos skausmo ..1 ablespoonful three times a day. Gerkite po valgomqji saukStq tris kartus per dienq .
. 'ne(s) I remedy vaistas; take medicine(s) gerti vaistus[. cough mixture, painkillers, antiseptic, antibiotics I,centibar'otrks/, throat sweets, paracetamol~ -i:tgmoI/, sleeping-pills; (sticking)-plaster pleistras; cotton wool vata
d The medicine did not do me any good. Vaistai man nepadejo.
entist'sotb uzplombuoti danti; pull out a tooth istraukti danti; filling plomba J had to have two fillings at the dentist s
f arts ofthe bod- e kulksnis; back nugara; chest krutines l'lsta; collar bone raktikaulis; foot (feet); hair; hand; head; heart;s galUnes; lungs plauciai; neck kaklas; stomach skrandis, pilvas; tooth (teeth); shoulder petys; sole padas;
__ ~as
re useful phrases for talking about health.11;" lil. You don't look too good. Whats the matter? Whats the trouble? Is anything the matter?
.1 Dad cough / a sore throat / a headache / stomach ache / a pain in my back / toothache / earache / a filling.~'oh temperature. I'm having a heart attack. Man sirdies priepuolis.
_ appetite. I've caught a terrible cold. As persalau. J sneeze and have a runny nose. I've got some serious medical/-'-ems. I feel very dizzy. Man labai svaigsta galva.: _·ou take an aspirin / some antibiotics / go to bed / see a doctor / send for a doctor / lie down for a bit / have
.':-rayed? Have you taken anything for your headache? Ar gerei kq nors nuo galvos skausmo?
1 You have to try your best to your final exams.2 The teacher observed that my work was the same as Mary's, and she asked if! had it.3 To means to stay away from school without permission.4 The teacher saw Andrew trying to in the test.5 Mathew was very upset when he his exams.6 We are going to the examinations for the School Leaving Certificate in May.7 The course is so popular that everyone is trying to on it.8 None of the teachers could control Mark. Finally, the head teacher was forced to him from school.9 Susan liked learning poems by heart and them in front of the class.10 Try to the most important rules.11 In a mixed class, boys generally worse than girls.12 The teacher told us to the forms of irregular verbs for the test.
1 Someone in charge of a school.2 Someone who teaches at a college or university.3 Someone in the same class as you.4 Someone responsible for teaching a small group of students.5 Someone with the highest academic position in a university.6 Someone who has successfully completed his / her first degree.7 Someone who trains a sports team.8 Someone who studies at primary or secondary school.
3 Complete the sentences. Compare your ideas with the ones of your partner's.
1 The nicest thing about English is .2 The most difficult thing about English is .3 Listening to English .4 English grammar is .5 When I'm speaking English I (don't) worry about .6 When I can't think of a word in English .7 The best way to learn English is .8 I'll stop learning English .9 My favourite English words are .
EDUCATION. LANGUAGES UNIT8
4 Fill in the table for English and non-English speaking countries.
Slhe comes Slhe is ... Slhe speaks Slhe comes Slhe is ... Slhe speaksfrom ... (adjective, noun) from ... (adjective, noun)
o the USA Arrerican English 11 .......... Greek
1 .......... English 12 .......... Italian
2 Canada 13 Japanry.
3 .......... Lithuanian 14 .......... Spanish
~ 4 Britain 15 Denmark
5 .......... Russian 16 .......... Polish_... it.
6 .......... Portuguese 17 Finland
7 .......... Swiss 18 .......... Norwegian
8 France 19 .......... Dutch
001. 9 .......... Swedish 20 China
10 Germany 21 .......... Turkish, a Turk
USE of ENGLISH
Write the questions that were put by a university teacher to the answers given by a student.
Example: TEACHER: How many exams are you going to take? - STUDENT: Three.1 T: ?2 T: ?3 T: ?4 T: ?5 T: ?
6 T: ?7 T: ?
8 T: ?9 T: ?
10 T: ?11 T: ?
S: I'll be sitting A-levels in maths, physics and chemistry.S: Oh, I'm most interested in physics.S: I'd like to specialise in electronics, I think.S: I don't know but I'm certain that I don't want to teach.S: This university has a better reputation for teaching physicsthan the colleges near my home.S: I suppose I'll go home once or twice a term.S: I swim and enjoy disco dancing - when I have some sparetime, that is.S: Yes, I do. I read up a lot on the subject.S: In my first year I would like to live in the hostel and, perhaps,move into a flat in my second year.S: Yes. I have applied for two Scottish universities.S: This is my first choice.
: Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given.L:se between two and five words, including the word given.
I looked through my work once again in case I had missed anything.to checkI looked through my work once again hadn't missed anything.
_ We have to start revising earlier so we could do more work.orderWe have to start revising earlier do more work.
3 I'd better write an essay now because there might not be time later.caseI'd better write an essay now time later.
4 She worked extremely hard so as to get good marks.wantedShe worked extremely hard to get good marks.
5 They mark our written papers in the Marking Centre.markedWe in the Marking Centre.
6 Read the instructions first in order to save time later.asRead the instructions first waste time later.
7 During the Speaking exam, the examiner fills in your assessment sheet.haveYou in by the examiner during the Speaking exam.
8 The boy invented an illness in order to avoid having to go to school.soThe boy invented an illness to go to school.
How to Learn EfficientlyThere is usually one important 1 missing from most schools 2 Very fewstudents are 3 how to organise their learning, and how to 4 the best of theirtime. Let's take some simple 5 Do you know how to 6 up words in a dictionary,and do you understand all the 7 ••••••••••••••••.•••••••. the dictionary contains? Can you 8 •••••••.•.••••.••.••.•••• notesquickly, and can you understand them 9 ......•....•.....•..•...• ? For some reason, many schools give learners no10..............•....•....• with these matters. Teachers ask students to n pages from books, or tellthem to write six pages, but don't explain how to do it. Learning by 12 ..•....•....•....•......• can be useful, but it ismore important to have a genuine 13 ....•........•......•.... of a subject. You can 14 ........•................ a lot of timememorising books, without understanding anything about the subject!
SPEECHTEACHIMPORTANCEMOTIVATE
1 A theme B curriculum C subject 8 A make B do C produce2 A agendas B timetables C terms 9 A after B afterwards C at last3 A taught B educated C learnt 10 A help B instruction C learning4 A do B make C get 11 A remind B cross C memorise5 A examples B rules C prospects 12 A heart Bear C yourself6 A find B look C get 13 A information B understanding C success7 A information B advice C message 14 A use B pass C waste
4 Re,ad the sentences about the things every language learner should know. Change the form of theword given in capitals to fill the gaps.
1 You can learn to a language.2 A language can be learnt, but it cannot be .3 Positive attitudes are very .4 to learn the language is not the enthusiasm, but the will and
determination to accomplish the task.5 language learners learn a little every day.6 Speaking skills in a foreign language are learned by constant and use.7 Language are successful because they use the language
every day and everywhere they can, and at every opportunity.8 Mistakes are part of learning. They should be viewed as positive steps in the
right We learn from our mistakes.9 Good language learners take full for their own learning of a language.10 has the beginning but no end.
SUCCESSPRACTISELEARN
DIRECTRESPONSIBLELEARN
ew- elr
5 Read the text below and look carefully at each line. Some of the lines are correct, and some have aword which should not be there. If a line is correct, put a tick (/). If a line has a word which should notbe there, underline the word and write it next to the number of the line.
Examination Tips• Go to the bed early so as not to be tired in the morning.• Eat a breakfast or lunch before the exam in order not to feel hungry later.• Check the time and place of the exam so as not to arrive to late.• Read the instructions carefully to find out what you have to do.• Begin by reading the exam paper so carefully.• Answer the easiest questions at first so as not to waste time and marks.• There is no point in spending too long on one question.• Plan draft answers before you write paying attention on to your final answers.• Avoid careless mistakes leaving some time to check all your answers.• Reread your answers in order that to make corrections.
1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 .10 .
READING and SPEAKING
1 Who founded Eton College and when was it founded?_ Is it easy to enter this school? Why?
How do Etonians behave with each other in later life?Why does David Wolfendon, a former student, appreciate his parents?
ElOn would probably be the world's most famous school~'en if Prince William hadn't spent the happiest days of
, life there. An incredible19 British Prime Ministers haveended Eton as well as various minor Royals, poets and
~elebrity swindlers*. But no girls.
blic schools_ hough they are called 'public schools', with annual fees
to £14k*, these institutions are really for very rich people.~-e name comes from when the children of important families
ed to attend schools with ordinary people, rather than- . g educated at home.-=. n was founded in 1284 by Henry VI and is divided into=- boarding houses. The boarding houses compete at sports
education, but the fiercest competition is with Harrow,. er famous old school. It prides itself on taking the:' . not many get through the entrance procedure.
tigeprestige of attending such a well-known school is• s more important than the excellent facilities and small
you can expect at Eton. The 'old boys' network' of.:ollege means Old Etonians can expect the lifelong_ rt from fellow Etonians. They try and help each other
they come into contact in later life. Traditionally the_ b in Britain and her Empire were reserved for ex-
;: s hoolboys, and it is still true that an Eton education. n doors years after you have left the school and
~ 'en get you out of trouble!
A day in the life of an EtonianDavid Wolfendon, a former student, recalls a typical day:'At 7:30 am a loud and obnoxious* bell would go off forabout one minute making sure that no one could think of
not waking up. Even if you tried to go back to sleep, anotherbell would go off ten minutes later.Where one ate breakfast depended on which 'house' youwere in. I had the misfortune of being a seven-minute walkfrom my dining hall. For half the boys this dining hall waswhere they would eat all their meals. The other half wouldeat in their 'houses'. I don't think that the quality of thefood differed greatly from one dining hall to another.Breakfast was pretty good and was served from 7:30-8:05.At 8:40 all the boys would go to either chapel or a morningassembly*. This would last for about 20 minutes before theday of lessons started. Classes would go on till 11:20, atwhich point there would be a break of 25 minutes. Thiswould give both students and teachers a chance to have abreak and to meet if there was a problem .If it was a Thursday, a Tuesday or a Saturday, then lessonswould be finished at lunch time and sport or free time wouldtake over. This would also allow us to take off our schooluniform which had to be worn in every lesson and schoolevent.However, on the other days of the week, except Sunday,classes could last until six. The evenings, on weekdays, wouldconsist of the same things nearly every night: dinner at 7:30pm, a meeting with everyone in the house, called 'prayers',and then most people would go off and do their homework.
Weekends could be very boring and consist of nothingother than TV and work - but not all of them. In my firstcouple of years I would go home quite a lot, but in my sixthform days, I would go to London or Brighton.'
His opinion of Eton'I have mixed views on Eton. I would not send my childrenthere or to any other private school because I think thatthere is probably a greater sense of achievement if you comethrough the state system with good grades. On the other
hand, I can't say how much I appreciate my parents for t ~work, effort and sacrifice* they put in to get me throu~those five years.It was strange to see so many famous people at Eton. Ionsaw Gianfranco Zolajuggling with a football. Another timeI was in my house when I ran into Jerry Hall and MicJagger. And, of course, there were the regular sightings 0;the two Princes and the armed bodyguards.'
GLOSSARYswindler: criminal; k (infml): one thousand; obnoxious: horrible; assembly: a meeting of all students whicbusually takes place in the morning; sacrifice: if you make a sacrifice, you give up something that is important toyou for the benefit of another' person
2 Read the article Life at Eton College once more and decide which of the statements are true and whichones are false. In the text highlight the sentences proving your answers.
1 Prince William spent his unhappiest days there.2 Eton is a public school so it is accessible to everyone.3 The name 'public' originally means a mixed school for rich and ordinary people.4 Harrow is the name of one of the boarding schools at Eton.S Parents choose Eton for their children because it has got small classes and excellent facilities.6 An Eton education opens doors to the best jobs in Britain.7 The first bell in the morning means that you can sleep until the second one goes off.8 The boys eat half of their meals in the dining hall and the other half is eaten in the boarding houses.9 School uniform has to be worn not only in every lesson and school event but in sport and free time activities
as well.10 David Wolfendon thinks that finishing a state school with good marks can be even more challenging than
finishing a private one.
3 Read the text My School. The sentences A-D have been removed from it. Decide where they shouldbe in the text.
A It is surrounded by beautiful lawns and playgroundsB The atmosphere in the school is friendly and democratic.C I have been going to this school for twelve years now.D We have special classrooms for most of the subjects taught at school.
My SchoolI attend Secondary School No 3./ 1 I lour school was built in 1978. It is a white, three-storeyed building.
There are about a thousand pupils and a hundred teachers in it. Our school is situated in a nice and quiet place.I 2 I IBehind the school there is a large sports field. There is a wood behind the school. We like going forwalks there, especially in spring. In front of the school you can see a lot of young trees planted by our school-leavers. As my school is quite large, it is very noisy inside during breaks, so pupils enjoy being outside.
We study Lithuanian and Modem Foreign Languages, History, Geography, Mathematics, Chemistry, Musicand other subjects. There are lessons of Home Economics for the girls and Manual Training for the boys.13 I I We have also got woodwork and metalwork shops, a home economics room, a gymnasium, a schoolhall, a library and a canteen.
There are plenty of extra-curricular activities in our school, sport being the most popular one. The aim ofthese activities is to promote creative and physical abilities of every individual. The Folk Singers' Club andDancers' Club enjoy great popularity with ourpupils, too.
f 4 ( ( [think ['II remember my classmates, my teachers and the years spent at schoof for a fang time. Irealise that I will have more frustrations and difficulties later in comparison with the problems I have at school.
0= on. lanceo' other time
. and Mick-ightings of
-=~ntswhichportant to
ses.~ activities
building.=:: iet place.~ going for
school-e.
STY, Music. he boys.
a school
• :he aim of_. Club and
g time. I~at school.
4 Read the texts Education in Lithuania and The British Education System and fill in the table comparing theeducation systems of Lithuania and Britain.
EDUCATION IN LITHUANIAThe CUlTentsystem of secondary education is comprised of primary school (l sl to 41h forms), basic school
(51h to lOth forms), general education secondary school (l st to 12th forms) and 4 years of gymnasium correspondingto the 9th to 12th forms of secondary school. There are also special education institutions for children withspecial needs, youth schools which provide basic education and adult education institutions. Secondary educationends in taking one compulsory and at least three optional examinations. Successful students are awarded aSchool Leaving Certificate. Education is free in all state secondary schools.
Tuition normally begins at the age of six or seven. Compulsory education lasts until the age of 16. Pupils canstay at school for twelve years but some of them leave school having finished the tenth form. These pupilsusually go to vocational junior colleges or trade schools where they can get both secondary education and thequalifications. Higher education can be pursued by individuals who have secondary school graduation certificates.There are 15 state schools of higher education in our country: 7 universities, 6 academies and 2 institutes, aswell as 3 clerical seminaries.
In Lithuania children go to school five days a week. There is no school on Saturdays and Sundays. Theschool year begins in September and ends in the middle of June. There are optionally three terms or twosemesters in the school year. The curriculum may slightly differ from school to school, though basic subjectssuch as Lithuanian, Mathematics, History, Science, Computer Studies, modem foreign languages are includedin the curriculums of all schools. Religious education is provided for all pupils, but parents can choose either tosend their children to classes of religion or ethics.
Secondary SchoolsMost secondary schools are comprehensive schools, which offer a general education to children of all
abilities. In some areas children are selected for either grammar school (which is more academic) or secondarymodem school.
Education in Britain is free, and mostchildren go to state schools. However, someparents pay to send their children toindependent schools. In England and Walessome of the more traditional independentchools are called public schools, although
!hey are not really public at all. Many ofthese are boarding schools, where childrenlive and sleep during the term.The Curriculum
The national curriculum is the group ofubjects (English, Mathematics, History,cience, modem foreign languages etc) thatust be taught in England and Wales.
ExamsIn England Wales and Northern Ireland
. upils take GCSEs (the General CertificateSecondary Education) at the age of 16.
- orne children take three or four; others:2.keas many as ten or eleven. Pupils who. ve passed their GCSEs may remain at school for another two years and take their A (Advanced)-level=xams. All grammar and most comprehensive schools have a sixth form, where pupils study for their A-levels ..-\ny student who wants to go to university needs to pass at least two or three A-levels.IDgher Education
Most courses last for three or four years. Students receive grants from the government to pay for course fees,: , accommodation etc. Some students also receive loans, which they have to pay back when they start work.
age456789
1011121314.15161718 College of
further education(general, vocational. and
technical)University College of art,music, etc.
This chart shows how education is organised in England and Wales.The system is a little different in Scotland and Northern Ireland.
Age of Starting Types of The Exams HigherCountry School Schools Curriculum Education
Lithuania ..................... ..................... .......................................... .....................
Britain ..................... ..................... .......................................... .....................
5 You have been studying at school for ten years at least, so taking turns tell your fr~end~ wh;t y~know about education in Lithuania. Speak about the changes that have .ta.ken place l~ e uca 1O~~our country recently. What changes are still to be made? Express your opmlOn about biased teachm,What are positive and negative aspects of it?
6 Work in pairs. Which five aims do you think are most important for secondary school? Read out yolist of aims to each other. Give reasons or examples to back up your points. Report back the resulof your work to the rest of the class.
Possible Aims for Secondary Schools• teach you how to read and to write well• keep you occupied• help you to know what is going on in the whole world nowadays• show you how to get on with other people; such as, those you work with, your future wife or husband• help to develop your own personality and character• teach you what is right and wrong• help you to do as well as possible in the exams• teach you about different sOlis of jobs and careers so that you can decide what you want to do• make school a pleasant place to be in• help with things you will need to know when you leave school (for example sewing, cooking, running a home.
bringing up children, repairing your home, decorating etc)• help you to become independent
7 Working in a group choose three of the points for discussion. Justify your opinion by giving examplesand reasons. Begin your speech with:
In my opinion, .I'm convinced that .I'm not sure I agree .I assume that .It seems to me .To tell the truth, .
As far as I know, .Taking into account .I really believe that .Personally, I think .Regarding the fact that .From my point of view .
• Most of what you learn at school is useless in later life.• Schools should teach vocational subjects such as secretarial skills, accountancy, handicrafts, metalwork
and woodwork, rather than the traditional academic subjects like history, geography, chemistry.• Classes should be divided according to the age, regardless of the ability of pupils.• Education should be compulsory for all people up to the age of eighteen.• Pupils should be able to choose the subjects they want to study and not have them imposed by teachers or
educational authorities.
• Schools should be responsible both for academic education and for personal and moral development ofstudents.
hat yoution in
te.aching.
out youre.results
8a) Speak with your partner about the most important characteristics of a good teacher. Here are someideas which may be helpful. Share your ideas with the rest of the group.
A good teacher is the one who:• has a sense of humour• shows great enthusiasm for his / her subject• brings out the best in each student• gives students a sense of self-esteem• is able to maintain discipline and order• knows all students' problems and is always ready to give a piece of advice• is very professional and up-to-date in his / her subject• makes students work hard
9 Many people think that teachers give pupils too much homework and that it is unnecessary. Discussthe advantages and disadvantages of doing homework. These statements may support your point ofview:
• pupils should not work in their free time• homework is a waste of time• homework can be given on working days only• pupils should be able to do homework at school under the guidance of their teachers• homework helps students to see if they understand everything the teacher has said• homework gives students the chance to practise what they have learnt in class• doing homework teaches students to rely on themselves
1 There is top much English everywhere.2 There are too many English words getting into Lithuanian.3 Singers should sing in their own language, not in English.4 Too many employers want staff with good English even if they never have to use it.S We should have more TV programmes in English. It would help us to learn the language better.
11 Most people are very keen on learning languages as they realise the importance of knowing foreignlanguages. Discuss these questions with your partner:
Why have you chosen to study English?Is it possible to learn a foreign language at school?What makes learning effective?What sort of materials and teaching aids do you think are most effective for an English lesson?How can people improve their knowledge of foreign languages?How will the knowledge of English be useful to you in the future?
12 You and your friend would like to go to Britain to improve your English in summer courses. Make upa role play on the matter considering the following points:
• choosing the place in Britain• the length and level of the course you would like to join• the way of travelling to the country• accommodation (discuss various options)• possible sightseeing• the things you should take with you• the amount of money you'll probably spend
WRITING
1 Kristina wants to go to England to attend a summer course in English. She has seen this advertisement inthe' BBe English' magazine and has decided to write to the school and ask some questions about thecourse. Read the advertisement, Kristina's'notes and the letter she has written. Find and underline the setphrases used to begin and end the letter. Can you think of any other phrases that could have been usedinstead? Underline the linking words. What would be wrong with the letter if the linking words weremissing?
STUDY ENGLISH THE HEAR OF ENGLAND• All levels from Beginners t~• Frien .ronment and up-to-date<f.i!filiti~• Sport and Social€tivit~• Tri s to Oxford and Stratford-up on-Avon• ccommodati can be arranged in the range of £ 80.00 a eek.For@itioi§!J information please write to: The InternationaOffice Manager, Warwickshire College, 5 Warwick New Road,Leamington Spa, Warwickshire CV32 5JE
whereexactly?
any coursespreparing forA-levelexams?
Ramybes g. 99LT-5300 PaneveiysLithuania
The International Office ManagerWarwickshire College5 Warwick New RoadLeamington SpaWarwickshire CV32 5JEEngland
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am writing to you with regard to your advertisement published in the magazine "BBC English".I would appreciate it if you could give me some extra information about your school and courses.
To begin with, I would like to know where exactly in Leamington Spa the school is situated and Iwould also like to know what type of accommodation is offered and what kind of facilities thereare near the school.
In addition, I would be interested in knowing whether there is a course of Business English as wellas a course preparing for A-level exams.
Furthermore, I would be grateful if you could inform me about the definite social and sport activitiesin order to know what clothes and equipment to bring with me.
Finally, I would appreciate it if you could send me a brochure with additional information regardingyour school.
Thank you in advance for your time and assistance. I look forward to hearing from you.
Yours faithfully,~3imJu.ah
utinttheesetusedwere
neso for
2 You are interested in taking part in a student exchange programme. You have seen this advertisement inthe magazine 'English For You' and you need more information. Write a letter of 120-180 words to theorganizers of the exchange programme in an appropriate style covering the points in your notes. You mayuse the set phrases and expressions given below.
will meals beprovided?
EXCHANGE SCHOOLS & HOMES!Travel to countries in Europe
• ccommodatlO with host family• planned<e.KcurslQIis>and recreation @iviti~• information<129okl9>available
SPECIAL PRICES FOR LIMITED ~~)
For further information please write to: The Director,House of English, 24 Portland Place, Brighton BN2 IDG, England
Set Phrases for Opening ParagraphI am writing to you in connection with ...I am writing with regard to / in regard to / withreference to ...I am writing to ask if you could inform me about ....I was interested in your advertisement in ....I would appreciate some further information about ....Referring to your advertisement published in ...
Set Phrases for Closing ParagraphI would be very grateful if you would / could reply assoon as possible.Thanking you for your time and assistance.I would like to thank you in advance.I look forward to your reply at your earliestconvenience.I look forward to hearing from you.
Kristina has received a letter from the manager of Warwickshire College. Fill in the gaps with thephrases given below to complete the letter. Underline the words and phrases which make the lettersound formal. Find and underline the linkers.
Everything else is providedAs for the accommodation
also availableof some help
to stay withTo begin with
all essential facilitiesRegarding the situation
Warwickshire College5 Warwick New RoadLeamington SpaWarwickshire CV32 5JEEngland
1 July. 2003Miss Kristina SimkuteRamybes 99LT-5300 PaneveiysLithuania
Dear Miss Simkute,
I am writing to give you some additional information about the courses at Warwickshire College.
1 , there is a wide range of courses that you can take part in. A course of Business English as well as_a course preparing for A-level exam are 2 •.......••••••••••.
3 of the college and facilities near it, I would like to inform you that the college is in the centre ofthe town so ./ are within easy reach of it. 5 , you can choose from two options - either totake a room in a youth hostel or 6 a host family.
Concerning sport activities, you do not need to bring any equipment with you, apart from a pair of comfortablehiking boots. 7.•...•.......•.•.•. by the organizers.
I hope this information will be 8 to you. If you need any further information, do not hesitate tocontact me.
Yours sincerely,9;Aofluv.;. SmitfJv
Thomas Smith
4 You are one of the organisers at Giruliai Camp. A teenager from Britain has written to the camp askingfor some extra information about the points underlined in the advertisement given below. Read theadvertisement and the notes you have made. Then write to the teenager giving the necessary information.You may use the set phrases and expressions given below.
HAVE FUN AT GIRULIAI CAMP!
A variety of activities to take part in!Foreign language classes organised!Something special for travel lovers !Fishing in the sea!
Note: bring a swimsuit and hiking boots
GOT INTERESTED?Write to: Gintas Petrulis, Giruliai Camp,Pusyno g. 12, LT-5800 Klaipedos r., Lithuania
swimming in the sea, hiking, discos, sportsqualified teachers from the USA and Germanya trip to Nidaguided by fishermen
Set Phrases for Opening Paragraph
I am writing to give you some information about ...I am writing in reply to your letter .In reply to your letter concerning .With reference to your letter of .
Set Phrases for Closing ParagraphI hope this information will be of some help to you ...I would be happy to supply you with any further information ...If you need further information, do not hesitate to contact me.
Guidelines for writing a paragraph
A paragraph is like a mini essay in which you express your point of view in a condensed way. Whilewriting a paragraph follow these tips:• Begin the paragraph with the topic sentence which introduces the main idea of what your paragraph
will be about. If the topic sentence is given, you have to rewrite it making no changes.• Then write several supporting sentences. Each supporting sentence should be backed up with
examples or justifications.• Finish your paragraph with the conclusion or the closing sentence which restates the main idea or
sumrnarises the main points of the paragraph.• Use linking words for:
ordering or sequencing: to begin with I first of all / in the first place, secondly, next, then,thirdly, finally / in the end / last of all etcadding: furthermore, moreover, in addition to this, as well as this, besides this etcgiving examples: for example, for instance, such as etcmaking contrasts: on the other hand, however, nevertheless, in contrast, in comparison etcshowing result: consequently, as a result, thus etcconcluding: in conclusion, to sum up, all in all etc
5 Read the following paragraph. Highlight in different colours the topic sentence, the supportingsentences and the closing sentence. Circle the linking words and replace them with the synonymousones.
Nowadays it is truly important to learn languages. To begin with, knowing foreign languages broadensone's outlook and develops mentality. The more languages we know the more intelligent we are. Moreover,knowing foreign languages gives us an opportunity to socialise and correspond with people from othercountries. For instance, we can travel abroad and communicate with other people easily which gives usgreat satisfaction. It also helps to understand traditions and customs of the country better. Furthennore,you can study or work abroad not facing the language barrier. As a result, you have better employmentopportunities abroad and in your own country as most positions take people with a good command of twoor three foreign languages. To sum up, there are a lot of reasons why people should learn foreign languages.
'"p asking
. Read theormation.
sportsGermany
ation ...ntact me.
portingnymous
roadensoreover,/ other/ves us
6 Here are some ideas oflanguage learning expressed by different people. Read them and write a paragraphusing the guidelines given on p. 88. Start with the topic sentence: There are different ways to improve one'slanguage skills.
Sam: When I read a text in which much of the language is unfamiliar, I 'guess' - I use my general knowledgeof the world and knowledge about the particular topic to help me to understand.Elizabeth: I use my bilingual dictionary a lot to try to find ways of expressing what I can say in my ownlanguage.Jan: I try to notice other students' mistakes - particularly if they are not speaking to me - and sometimes Irealise I make that mistake myself. I try to correct the mistake and think what the person should have said.Marina: I like to repeat things over and over so that I can memorise them.Jonas: I go up to tourists and pretend I am lost so that I can get into conversation with them in English.Anna: I have a fascination for the systems of language, and read about the grammar and phonology of Englishin my own language. I get pleasure from discovering the underlying grammar in some expressions I use, andthis helps me to remember it.Martin: I like to write everything down and revise all my lessons very carefully and systematically. I enjoyreading, and keep a record of the new vocabulary I come across.
essible l:lk'ses:lbll prieinamas, gaunamasommodation 1:l,kom:l'derJnl patalpa, bustasomplish 1:l'kAmplrJI ivykdyti, atliktiording 1:l'b:drlJI pagal, remiantisountancy l:l'kaunt:lnsil s<lskaityba, buhalterija.evement l:l 'tJi:vm:lntl pasiekimas, laimej imasuda l:l' d3end:l1 darbotvarke
ply l:l'plar/ kreiptis, prasytipreciate/:l'pri:Ji,ertl (Dvertinti; branginti; pripazinti. tance l:l'srst:lnsl pagalba, parama. de I'retr, tju:dl nuostata, pozicija, paziura, poziurisid 1:l'vJrdl vengti; issisukineti, salintis
ve Ibr'hervl elgtisd I'bar:lstl (Cia) profilinisgual Ibar'lrI]gw:l1l dvikalbisding house I'bJ:drI] ,hausl (Cia) mokyklos bendrabutis
brity IS:l'lebr:ltil izymi asmenybe, garsenybe. cate IS:l'trfrbtl atestatas, mokyklos baigimo paiymejimasenging l'tJrelmd3rI]1 reikalaujantis visljjegll, sunkus
pel l'tJrepll koplycia, baznytelet ItJi:t1 apgaudineti, sukCiauti
ch IbutJI treneris, instruktoriusparison Ibm'prensnl palyginimas, sugretinimas
lete Ibm'pli:tl uzbaigtirehensive school I,kompn'hensrvl valstybine
':ojo lavinimo mokyklaulsory Ibm'pAls:lril priverstinis, privalomasrning Ibn's3:mI]1 del, apie
=TInce Ibn'vmsl itikinti. f'kDpil (nu)kopijuoti, (pa)daryti kopij<l
'Ye Ihi' ertrvl kurybingas, kurybiskas'culum Ib'nkjubml mokymo planas; programa
- 'te I'def(:l)ndtl aiskus, apibreztas, tikslus; nustatytasIdr'gri:1 laipsnis'nation Idr,t3:mr'nerJnl ryztingumas; pasiryzimas
lop Idr'veldpl pletoti(s), rutuliotis; vystyti(s), is(si)vystyti;roJtl apmatai; projektas
'{'ntly /r'frJntlil efektyviai, nasiai
effort I'efdt/ pastanga, stengimasisenrol Im'rdull uz(si)rasyti, iregistruotientrance I'entrdnsl istojimas; stojamasisessential /r'senJdll pagrindinis, butiniausias dalykasexactly /rg 'zrektlil kaip tikexcellent I'eksdldntl puikusexpel /rk'spell pasalinti, ismestiextra-curricular I,ekstr:lb'nkjubl uzklasinisextremely /rk'stri:mlil labai, be galafacilities Ifd' srldtrzl visuomenines paskirties irenginiaifail Iferll nepavykti, nepasisektifascination l,fresr'nerJn! susizavejimasfierce Ifrdsl inirs«s, nirtulingasfind out I,famd 'autl suzinotiforce Ihsl (pri)verstiformer I'hmdl buv2:sfrustration Ifr AS'trerJ nl nusi vylimasgenuine l'd3enjuml tikras, nuosirdusgraduate l'grred3u,ertl baigti (mokslus)graduate I' grred3udtl absolventashandicrafts I'hrendi,kra:ftsl rankdarbiaihesitate I'hezrtertl dvejoti, nesiryztihostel I'hostdll bendrabutisimpose /rm 'pduzl uzdeti, primesti, apsunkintiincredible 1m' kreddbll neitiketinasindependent I,mdr'penddntl nepriklausomasinvent sugalvoti, israstijuggle I'd3A91l zongliruotiloan l!dunl paskolamaintain Imem 'tern! palaikyti; priziureti; islaikytimemo rise I'memd,rarzl isiminti, isidemetimisfortune/mrs'htJnl nelaimeobserve lob'Z3:vl stebeti; sekti; laikytis (tradicij/{)order I'J:ddl liepti, isakyti; uzsakytiparticularly Ipd'trkjuldlil ypacpass Ipo:sl islaikyti (egzamin1
)
play truant I,pler'tru:dntl praleidineti pamokaspermission Ipd'mrJnl leidimas
position Ip;J'zrJnI paddis; postas, tarnybaprayer Ipre;JI maIda, poteriaipride Iprardl pasididziavimasprimary I'prarm;Jril pradinispromote Ipr;J'm;Jutl paremti, puoseldi; skatintiprovide Ipr;J 'vardl patiekti, pariipintipursue Ip;J'sju:1 t«sti; uzsiimtirecite In'sartl deklamuoti, isvardytirecreation I, rekri 'erJnI pramo ga, laisvalaikio uzsi emimasregarding In'ga:du)1 del
regardless In'ga:dl;Jsl nepaisant toresponsible /rr'spons;Jbl/ atsakingasroyal l'r:)1;J1Ikaraliskasisself-esteem I,selfrs'ti:ml savigarbasighting I'sartrl)1 reginysstaff Ista:fI tarnautojai, personalassupportls;J'p;):tl paremti, islaikytitutor I'tju:t;JI vieno studento arba mazos grupes destytojasvocational subjects IV;JO'kerJn(;J)1'sAbd;)lkts/ profesin. dalykaiwaste Iwerstl veltui eikvoti, svaistyti
ADDITIONAL WORD BANKschoolnursery 1'll3:s(;J)ril 1 kindergarten I'kmd;J,ga:tnl 1 nursery school (Am E) vaikq darielis; primary 1 elementary school(Am E) pradine mokykla; secondary 1 high school (Am E) vidurine mokykla; public school (in the UK) prestizine privatimokykla; private school privati mokykla; state 1public school (Am E) valstybine mokykla; boarding school internatinemokykla; trade 1 vocational-school profesine mokykla
NOTE: there is no the before school when you are talking about a teacher or pupil going or being there to teach or leam; theis used before school if you are talking about a place, or a building and are going there as a visitor. School starts in September.I'm going to the school to see Frank's teacher.
places where people over 18 can studyuniversity: a place where students study one or two subjects at high level to get degrees. be at university: to be a student ata university Both my brothers are at university. go to university: to become a student at a university. I want to go touniversity to study medicine. college: in Britain, a place where people can study academic subjects or practical skills afterthey leave secondary school, but which does not give degrees; in the US, a university
finish school or universityleave: to leave your school 1 college 1 university permanently When he left college he worked in an office. graduatefrom: to finish studying at university successfully He graduated from Oxford with a degree in law. qualificationl,kwolrfr'kerJnl specialybe, kvalifikacija, tinkamumas, pasirengimas; diploma; school leaving certificate; test; creditiskaita; examination 1 exam; final exams baigiamieji egzaminai; entrance exams stojamieji egzaminai; examinationperiod egzaminl.l sesija; take 1 sit an exam laikyti egzamin'b pass an exam islaikyti egzamin<t; fail an exam neislaikytiegzamino; do well 1 badly in an exam; paper: a set of exam questions on a particular subject The physics paper was verydifficult. examine sb in 1 on sth Candidates will be examined on their written and oral skills.
someone who studies or works at a school, university etcschoolboy f schoolgirl (especially British): a boy or a girl who studies at school; schoolchildren (especially British) childrenwho study at school Only 10 % of British schoolchildren attend private schools.pupill'pju:pl/: a child who studies at a particular school, especially in a school for children under the age of 12 With over1000 pupils, this is one of the biggest schools in our town.student: in British English, it usually means someone who studies at a university or college; in American English, it meansanyone studying at a school, college, or university. classmate klases draugas; school-Ieaver abiturientasprofessor; headteacher (more usual) 1 headmaster f headmistress f principal (Am E) direktorius; teacher; classteacher klases aukletoja(s); a coach; tutor; lecturer lektorius, destytojas; instructor
subjectssubject mokomasis dalykas What subjects did you take / have / learn at school? biased I'bar;Jstl subjects profilinesdisciplinos Has your school got any biased subjects? optional pasirenkamas, fakultatyvinisart daile; biology; chemistry; computer studies f information technology (IT) informatika; economics I,i:b'nomrkslhome economics naml.l mosa; geography Id3i:'ogr;Jfi/; history; mathematics l,mreS;J'mretrksl maths ImreSs/; physicsI'frzrks/; physical training (PT) kuno kultura; Lithuanian; foreign languages: English, German, French, Russian, Polish,Spanish, Greek, Japanese, Chinese etc but: the German language, the Russian language etc; religion; science gamtosmokslas; technical drawing braizyba
marks f grades (Am E)mark pazymys My worst mark was a D. mark for 1 in What was his markfor history last term? give sb a high flow1 good 1 poor mark The teacher gave me a low mark in English. get a mark You can't get another low mark in maths.top marks She always gets top marks for history. mark ivertinti pazymiu I spent the evening marking your essays.
organisation of teachingperiod I lesson I class pamoka, u:lsiemimas There'll be no school/lessons / classes today. free period I breakpertrauka course mokymo, paskaitll kursas 1 took a course in mathematics. Who runs the course? This course has beenheld by the University. term trimestras, semestras; holiday(s) atostogos; break up baigtis School breaks up in June.curriculum mokymo planas, ugdymo turinys Is German on your school curriculum? extra-curricular activitiesuzklasine veikla; grant / scholarship stipendija What scholarship do you receive? class: a group of students who aretaught together We were in the same class at school. form: class at school She is now in the sixth form. be promotedto the next form bUti perkeltam iaukstesn~ klas~; year one / two etc pirma I antra klase ir 1.1. My sister is in the yearone of primary school.
breaking the school rulesplay truant I to skip classes praleidineti pamokas In my last year 1 played truant a lot. cheat apgau(dine)ti; crib'spargalka' She used a crib in the exam. be expelled for sth buti ismestam He was expelledfor irregular attendance.
languagesmother tongue I first language gimtoji kalba; foreign language uzsienio kalba; bilingual dvikalbis Are we allowed touse bilingual dictionaries in the exam? official language: the language used by the government; modern languagessuolaikines kalbos; informal I colloquial Ib'bukwI::ll/ snekamoji kalba; slang zargonas 'Cool' is teenage slang forfantastic', 'great' or 'marvellous '. language barrier I'been::l/; dialect; accent akcentas, tartis
communication with other peoplespeak Do you speak English? pronounce Ipr::l'naunsl tarti How is this word pronounced? pronunciation tarimas1find the English pronunciation very difficult. conversation pokalbis Can you hold conversations in English? spellpasakyti ar parasyti paraidziui; Can you spell your name, please? understand 1 understand you, but it is difficult for meto speak English. well (better, best) 1 do not know English well enough. interpret: to translate what someone issaying He spoke to the audience in French and she interpreted his speech. translate: to put sth said or written intoanother language He translated the book from French into English. dictionary, pocket dictionary, use a dictionary;question May 1 ask a question? clear It's not clear to me. explain sth (to sb) Will you explain to me what thismeans?
useful expressionsShe has a good command of the Polish language. Ji gerai moka lenkllkalb:t.I know three languages fairly well. As pakankamai gerai moku tris kalbas.I'm quite at home with my English. As gerai moku anglll kalb'l.They took me for an Englishman. Jie mane palaike anglu.You speak English clearly I fluently I fairly well. Tu kalbi angliskai aiskiai I laisvai I pakankamai gerai.Your English has improved. Tu pradejai geriau kalbeti angliskai.He is very good at I interested in I talented for I gifted for languages. He is very quick at picking up languages.My English needs brushing up. Man reikia vel prisiminti ir pasimokyti anglll kalbos.My knowledge ofthe Spanish language is weak. As prastai moku ispanllkalb'l.He spoke broken English. Jis kalbejo lauzyta anglll kalba.He speaks poor English. His English is poor. Jis prastai kalba angliskai.He speaks with a very strong accent. Jis kalba su stipriu akcentu.I want to take up English. As noriu pradeti mokytis anglll kalbos.What does the word 'rush' mean?I cannot think of the right word, but you know what I mean.Could you spell that, please? How do you spell that? Could you write that down, please?I don't know how to put it in English I express myself. What do you call it? I don't know this word in English.What's the English for 'mokslo metai'? How do you say it in English?
VOCABULARY
penbreadfish
cheesenewspapermedicinesbroochcabbagesbracelet
hammerflowerssausagesrollsmeatbiscuits
wmecerealspainkillers
ringwhiskysaltmatchescrabsbacon
stampssweetsoystermagazineplastersugar
cigarettespotatoestyping paperscrewdriverbar of chocolatepair of glasses
TOBACCONIST'SNEWSAGENT'SJEWELLER'SGREENGROCER'SOFF-LICENCEBUTCHER'SIRONMONGER'SGROCER'SFISHMONGER'SSTATIONER'SBAKER'SCHEMIST'SOPTICIAN'SFLORIST'SCONFECTIONER'S
2 Complete these phrases with an appropriate word from the list.
1 a of moisturiser or shampoo ~2 a of milk or apple juice ~3 a of soap or chocolate ~4 a of jam or pickle5 a of tissues or chocolates6 a of toothpaste or glue7 a of coke or beer8 a of beans or paint9 a of cigarettes or biscuits10 a of mineral water or bubble bath11 a of grapes or flowers12 a of ice cream or margarine
3 Group the words according to the categories in the chart. Some words may suit more than one category.Look up the words in the word bank and additional word bank if necessary.
blouse high heels cap waistcoat suit beltjacket flip-flops bra scarf fur coat sockssweater T-shirt hat boots shorts skirtovercoat trousers shirt anorak bow tie leggingstracksuit V-neck jacket polo-neck overalls nightdress dressing -gownPYjamas knickers / panties jumper raincoat slippers parkatrunks trainers / sneakers tights underpants Jeans sandalsbracelet handbag brooch shawl beads necklace
FOOTWEAR UNDERWEAR CASUAL CLOTHES FORMAL CLOTHES ACCESSORIES
4 Complete the sentences using the words given below. Make changes if necessary. You may use somewords more than once.
1 My brother was dressed a black suit.2 The white dress her properly now she's lost some weight.3 Who's the man a red tie?4 The blue of her dress the blue of her eyes.5 It was very cold. He had an overcoat .6 I want a brown jacket to my skirt.7 She's got a dark green dress .8 These jeans don't me, they are a bit too loose in the waist.9 Melinda's the girl the red blouse and black skirt.10 I remember her. She was the one red high heeled shoes.
numbermachine machine
phone boxphone call
addressback
A wrongtelephone play
cordless mobileanswering fax
long-distancee-mail
1 Steve is not at home but we can call him on his .2 I phoned Isabel but she was out so I left a message on her .3 I want to send a message to Jose in Portugal. Do you have his ?4 I tried to phone the hospital but a policeman answered - it was the .5 It must have cost you a lot to make that to New Zealand.
VERBS: cash make open change borrowNOUNS: an account a mistake money a cheque interest
7 Match the verbs to their opposites.
lend add withdraw / take out give buy losesell receive find borrow put in / deposit subtract
First pick up the 1..........•••..•...... and then insert your money. Then 2.•.••••••••••••••••.•• the number, remembering toput the area 3 •••••••••••••••••••••• in front of the number. You should hear a 4 ••••••••••••••••••••••• tone before somebody5....•....•.•..•....•... Ifyou hear the 6....•........•........ tone, try again later. When your money has run out you will hearthe 7•••••••••••.•••..••••• ; either put more money in to continue your call or 8••••••••••••••••••••••• If you cannot phonedirect, call the 9•...•...•••••.•.•..... and ask him or her to connect you.
USE of ENGLISH
1 Most of the lines in this text have a missing word. Use a stroke ( / ) to show where a word has beenleft out and write the missing word next to the number on the right. Tick the lines that are correct. Anexample is given.
Your Consumer RightsAnyone I buys goods in a shop is protected bylaw. As a consumer you have certain rights.If you buy something doesn't work properly,like calculator which adds up wrongly, youshould take it back to the shop where youbought it. Youcan either exchange it, or ask foryour money back. Youdon't have show areceipt, although it helps if you are able toprove that you bought it that particular shop.Youdon't have to get touch with themanufacturer to complain. The shop where youbought it is responsible repaying you, or
o w.hp1./2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 .10 .11 .
replacing the item if you prefer. 12 .Youdon't have to accept a replacement or offer of a 13 .credit note you can use to buy something else in the 14 .shop. You can insist having your money back. 15 .If you receive something as present, however, you 16 .are not protected. The person gave you the present 17 .is the only one can take it back and demand a 18 .refund. 19 .And as far clothes are concerned, shops do not by 20 .law have give you your money back, or even let you 21 .exchange things, if only thing wrong is that you 22 .decide you don't like them or they don't fit. 23 .
1 the jewellery department they sell beautiful rings and bracelets.2 May I try this dress ? I don't think it fits me perfectly.3 This hat won't go your coat and besides its colour is too bright you.4 Have you got these blouses dark-green?5 At last I've decided this light-blue T- shirt.6 What do you usually buy the stationery?7 The jackets that rail are all your size. Look them and you may find
something your taste.8 Don't you think it's too hot summer wear?9 Must I buy anything else the butcher's?10 I prefer to do the shopping a self-service shop. One takes a basket and moves .
the counters which are filled various foodstuffs. After you've chosen the things youwant you come the cash-desk and pay them.
11 These jackets are reduced price.12 She asked a refund.13 There is normally a label a jacket.14 I want to look the animals a pet shop.15 He bought a lot of things mail order.
3 Fill in the gaps in the dialogue with a suitable word from the bank given. Use each word only once. Thereare some extra words you will not need.
herepleasureit'sdecide
outloosercostdo
Couldusualtightcoast
throughwearitssale
a fewthereusuallywore
tooa littledoessell
Buying a JacketSalesperson: May I help you?Customer: Yes, please. I'm looking for a jacket.S: What size do you 1........................................•..... ?C: 36, I think.S: Here you are. How do you like this one?C: Hmm. I think it's a bit 2••.•...••.••••••••••.••••.•• light. 3•••••••••••••.....•.•.•••• you show me any jackets that are
4.•••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••.•••••• darker?S: Yes, we have a wide selection. Look s all of our jackets on your own and pick
6..••...••••••••.....•.....••••••• the one you like.C: Can I try them on?S: Of course. You can try them on in the fitting room over 7•••••••••••••••.•...••••.••••••••••••••••••
(five minutes later)S: Well, how do you like it? How 8•......................•.....•.....•........ it fit you?C: I'm afraid 9••••••••.•.•.•.•.••. a little too 10••••••••••••••••••••• Have you got any jackets that are a bit 11•••••••••••••••.••• ?S: Yes, we have. I think you'll like this one. Would you mind coming over here and looking at it? It's a little
looser than the one you've just tried on.C: Will you take it back if I 12 ..••..•••••.•..••.••.....•..•. to return it?S: Of course. No problem at all. Just bring it back.C: Fine. I think I'll take it. How much does it 13 ?S: The 14•••.•.••..........•.•.•••..... price is 50 pounds. But you are lucky. We're having a 1S......•....•.•.•.••••.• this week,
and all of our prices are 25% off the regular price.C: That's fine. I'm glad I decided to buy a jacket this week. Thanks for your help.S: My 16.••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••.•.•......•.•...•. Please come again.
1 Why would you go to an optician? (eyes / look at) 2 Why would you take your watch to a watchmaker's?(it / mend) 3 Why would you go to a drycleaner's? (clothes / clean) 4 Why would you go to a barber's orhairdresser's? (hair / cut) 5 Why would you take your car to a garage? (it / service) 6 Why would you go to afortune teller? (fortune / tell) 7 Why would you go to a shoemaker's? (shoes / mend) 8 Why would you go to alaundry? (linen / wash) 9 Why would you go to a photographer's? (photo / take)
- Read the passage about the postal services and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only oneword in each space.
We cannot imagine our life without the help 1 certain services such as: a post office, ahairdresser's, a bank, a laundry or various medical institutions.
We need these services very often. One of them is a post office. The mail serves 2••••••••••••.••••.•••• a connectionbetween members of a family, between friends, and between producers and consumers. It not only delivers or
sends letters and other mail, but it 3 controls the telegraph and the telephone. We buy stamps,send letters, parcels, telegrams or get poste restante letters 4 the post office. The post officerweighs the letter or parcel and tells us 5 much we have to pay. We can drop ordinary letters6 a post-box in the street. When the letters reach the place of destination, the postman delivers7 to the people they are addressed 8 The post clerk may also sell you postalorders. If you want to cash a money order don't forget to take your passport or PIC 9••••••..•..•.••••••... you.
Nowadays you can send a message 10•.•••••••••••••.•.•.•. fax or e-mail, the newest means of communication.In conclusion, 11 more developed society is the 12 we have to apply for the
services of different institutions hoping that a specialist will do the job better 13 any individualmay do 14•.....••••..•..•.•.•.• his or her own.
6 Read the text and fill in each gap with the appropriate word from the box below.
Bank Accounts
It's very simple to open a bank 1 in Britain. There are very few formalities. Just go to yourlocal branch and 2 a few forms. You will probably only have to pay 3 if thereis no money in your account or if you borrow money from the bank, in other words if you have an4••••.•••••••.••.•••••••.•••• For regular everyday use most people prefer a 5•.••••.•••.••••.•••••••••• account. This normallyearns no 6 •••••••••••••••••••••••••• but you are given a 7 •••••••••••••••••••.•••••• book, which makes shopping and paying billsvery easy. A deposit account earns interest but it's not so easy to 8 your money. At regularintervals, perhaps monthly, you will receive a 9 from the bank, giving details of each10•••.•.••••••..•••••.•••••• (money you put in) and 11•.•••.•.•.••••.•.•••••••.• (money you take out). If you have to make aregular payment, like rent, you can ask the bank to pay this amount for you automatically. This arrangement iscalled a 12••••.••..•••••••••......••..•
statementcheque
withdrawal·withdraw
interestfill in
overdraftaccount
bank chargesstanding order
depositcurrent
READING and SPEAKING
1 Try to follow the history of money and even predict some future developments by putting the followingstatements in their proper order.
A People use salt, feathers, tobacco and cattle as payment.B Credit cards are used instead of money.C Coins made of some precious metal appear.D People trade by exchanging different goods.E No money is needed, smart cards lead to a cashless society.F Paper money is introduced.
Money shapes our world. Almost every society now has amoney economy based on coins and paper notes in oneform or another. Of course, that hasn't always been thecase.In 'primitive' societies, the market place was filled withpeople bartering, or exchanging goods which they thoughtwere of equal value. Barter trade still goes on in some partsof the world but as a universal system it failed. It must havebeen very frustrating and difficult trying to change whatyou had for something that you wanted.
From salt to silverA more practical system of exchange needed to be workedout so, before long, people started trading with goods thatwere important or valuable in their world. Roman soldiersreceived at least part of their pay in salt, giving us the modem-day word, salary. Other cultures used shells and stones, asin the Southern Pacific islands, while some cultures tradedwith skulls and teeth. Other examples of 'early' money includecattle, feathers, ivory and tobacco. The first real money aswe recognise it was developed by the Lydians in Asia Minorin about 700 Be. The introduction of coins of silver and
gold alloys was a revolution. Money had become portable,durable, recognisable and divisible into smaller and largerunits.
The promise to pay the bearerCoins come in all shapes, sizes and metals. Originally,however, a coin was given its value on the amount ofprecious metal it contained. In medieval times, problemsarose when the coins themselves became so heavy and largethat they ceased to be portable. Another problem was thatsome people started shaving off small amounts of theprecious metals which the coins contained.The development of paper money was first introduced bythe Chinese in the 9th century but curiously didn't catch onin Europe until the 17th century. Paper money is, in realterms, worthless. Like coins these days, it is merely a'promise to pay the bearer' from the government. Theproblems of paper money have also been many. The valuewhich it truly represents varies constantly according toinflation. Violent bank robberies are committed almost dailyin order to get it. And on top of that, counterfeiters neverseem to stop trying to forge it.
The symbolic value of moneyIn order to stop the counterfeiters, bank notes have
developed intricate and often beautiful designs which aredifficult to reproduce. These are usually combined with theportraits of heads of state and national heroes, which givespaper money its great symbolic value.That value disappears quite quickly as smaller denominationbills are converted to coins, making them so much 'loosechange'.
Precious plastic?So, what about the future of money? In our world plastic,which was once considered useful but otherwise worthless,has now become most valuable. In fact, the plastic creditcards you carry tell more about you than the cash in yourwallet. As with all other systems, plastic has problems: multi-billion dollar computer frauds, the temptation to live beyondyour means and the automated machines which sometimesswallow your precious plastic. The French started using a'smart' card - that is, a card which contains a microchipholding extensive data about its user. Like information,money has become quite simply an electronic code in thebrain of a computer. Some science-fiction writers predictthat one day computer chips containing all that informationmay be grafted into our skin. If that is the case, let's hopethat the truly' cashless' society is far, far off in the future.
barter tradecounterfeiters; forgecash; cashless society
precious metalintricatecomputer frauds
inflationloose changecomputer chips
3 In the text there are a few adjectives which end in -able. Use them to shorten the expressions in boldprint.
1 With the introduction of credit cards, worthless plastic became something that is valued .2 Different bank notes ought to be easy to recognise .3 The shoes which I bought last year have turned out to be something that will last for a long time
1 What is the position of barter trade in today's world?A Though we have things like credit cards, people still think bartering is the easiest way of trading.B In spite of the present money economy, bartering has not completely disappeared.C As soon as coins and paper money were introduced, bartering ceased to exist.
2 Why did people choose to use salt, feathers or tobacco as payment?A They were easy to move from place to place.B They were goods of special value in those days.C Roman soldiers were especially keen on them.
3 How was the value of coins defined in medieval times?A The Lydians decided the value of all coins in those days.B Coins of different value were produced in different shapes.C The more metal a coin contained, the more valuable it was.
4 What was one of the problems that arose with the use of metal coins?A Gold and silver, the necessary valuable metals, ran out.B The weight of the coins caused problems.C The coins were not durable enough - they broke easily.
5 What do we know about the early history of paper money in Europe?A The Chinese introduced paper money into Europe in the 9th century.B People in Europe were the first to accept the use of paper money.C Europeans did not start using it until the 1600s.
6 Why must the designs of bank notes be so intricate?A It is extremely hard to reproduce notes with intricate designs.B Only intricate designs are considered beautiful.C If the design is too simple, the note has little symbolic value.
7 What is said about the value of plastic credit cards in modem society?A Plastic cards are very popular because they cause no problems.B The informative value of plastic credit cards is greater than that of ordinary money.C Plastic cards are considered so precious that people are tempted to collect them.
8 What is a 'smart card'?A It is a card with a microchip containing a lot of information.B It is a card smarter than the brain of a computer.C It is a card that can be grafted into our skin.
• what slhe spends her/ his money on• if slhe saves any money; if so, how
(bank, cash) and what for• what bills slhe has to pay
• if slhe often lends money; who slhe lends it to• if slhe often borrows money; who slhe borrows it from• if there is something slhe would like to do or to buy but
can't afford to
6a) Read the dialogues and underline the words or phrases relevant to the topic 'Bank services'.Make similar dialogues of your own. Use the phrases you have underlined.
A: I think we should stop at the bank.B: Why? Do we need cash?A: Yes. Remember ... we have to buy some
souvenirs and we are going to the zoo tomorrow.B: You're right. I've forgotten. How much do you
think we should get?A: I think 100 pounds will be enough.B: I think so, too. Let's change 180 dollars then.A: What's the rate of exchange now?B: I'm not very sure about that, but every bank
gives the current rates on its notice board.
A: Good morning. I want to open an account, please?B: Have you got any accounts with this bank at present?A: No.B: What sort of account do you want to open?A: I'm not sure. I think a savings account will be fine.B: Have you got any identification, sir?A: Well, I haven't got my passport, but I've got my
driving licence. Will that be all right?B: Yes, please fill in this form and we will give you a
new account book.A: Thank you.
• if shopping is a pleasure or a must for her / him• what slhe prefers: small specialised shops or supermarkets• what the advantages and disadvantages of shopping in a supermarket are• if slhe usually believes what advertisements and commercials promise and if slhe ever buys things because of ads• what services s/he applies most often to and what services are the most popular with people• if s/he could do without any services and why
8 Work in pairs. Prepare and act out your dialogues around the following situations:
• share your thoughts with the partner about the dress / suit you would like to buy for your cousin's weddingparty and the present for him / her
• you have to buy a lot of foodstuffs for the coming party, discuss with your partner the shops you are goingto visit, the amount of food you are going to buy
9 Work in small groups or pairs. Look at each other's clothes. What are you all wearing at the moment?Make sure you can describe each item of clothing, its colour or pattern. What would you be wearingif it were much colder / hotter today? What do you wear if you want to look extra smart? Ask yourfriends to answer these questions.
WRITING
1 Read the rubric below and the letter of complaint. Complete the letter using the phrases given in the boxbelow.
You ordered a book you had seen in anadvertisement in a catalogue. However, the bookyou received was not the one you had ordered.Read carefully the advertisement and the notes youhave made. Then write a letter of complaint to thecompany selling the books, covering the points inyour notes and adding any relevant information.Write a letter of between 120 and 180 words in anappropriate style.
not the oneI orderedENJOY YOURSELF WITH
OUR BOOKS !!!was askedto pay thefull price
had to waitmore thana month
as soon as possible Also enclosed together withYour advertisement stated the one I had ordered
to complain about within two weeksI hope that I would be grateful if
Liep1i al. 37LT-3001 KaunasLithuania
Subscriptions Dept.Books by Post96 Grove LaneDouglas IM99 1BQEngland
Dear Sir or Madam,
1 am writing 1.....•......................................... the book which I have just received from your mailorder company.
On November lOth I sent an order form for the book 'Rebecca's Tale' by Sally Bewman.2....................................... was the required payment to cover the cost of the book, postage andpacking. 3.....•..... : that any book ordered from you would be received4••••••.•••.•.......••.••..•.•••••••.•••••.••. of placing the order. Not only did I have to wait more than a month,but the book 1finally received was not 5...................•..........•............... To make matters worse, Iwas asked to pay the full price, whereas in your advertisement you state otherwise. I am, therefore,returning the unwanted copy of 'GCSE Survival Guide' by Nicky Hayes 6 ••..•...•..••••...•.•••.•••••.••••••••
a copy of my original order form.
7.............•.••.•.....••••••.....•.•.••...... you could sort out this matter and send my copy of 'Rebecca's Tale'8................................................ 9 this kind of mix up and delay willnot occur again with any future orders I place with your company.
Yours faithfully,
, {l;/AlOO CfjJ0f,'l/{l;U/'ff,~
Jayne Petraityte
2 Read the rubric below and the opening paragraph of the letter of complaint. Write the main part and theclosing of the letter stating your complaints. Use at least five of the linking words / phrases given in thebox and any appropriate expressions.
You ordered a tent you saw in a mailorder catalogue. Unfortunately,when you received it, you realisedthat there were many things wrongwith it. Read carefully theadvertisement and the notes youhave made. Then write a letter ofcomplaint to the company sellingthe camping equipment, coveringthe points in your notes and addingany relevant information. Write aletter of between 120 and 180 wordsin an appropriate style.
didn'treceive!
Y • 39.99 (including postage and packaging).Fit~eop~• Made of high quality, durable€n~aj)
FREE !!!<T§h and batt,with every ent!
<@.ILABgin red, blue,);: How,pink
wanted red,got pink
slightly torn andzip got stuck
zn addition you led me to believe unfortunately althoughtaking all the above into consideration finally definitely misleadingtherefore however in fact firstly what is more moreoverdemand an immediate replacement or a full refund in your advertisement you state
Gedimino g. 16LT-4230 KaisiadorysLithuania
Subscriptions Dept.Goods by Post21-7 Oxbridge RoadLondon W5 7SAEngland
I am writing to you to complain about the tent which I bought through your mail order cataloguelast week. I am very disappointed with what I received, as it is nothing like the one I saw in youradvertisement.
Yours faithfully,~~Kostas Karvelis
accessory I::>k'ses::>rilaksesuaras, priedasaccount I::>'kaunt! sqskaitaalloy I''i£br! I::>'br! lydinysbacon I' berbn! riikyti, siidyti lasiniaibar Iba:1 pailgas gabalasbarber I' ba: b::>1vyrllkirpej a(s)barter I'ba:t::>1mainaibeads lbi:dzJ karoliaibearer I'be::>r::>1turetojas, pateikejasbelt/belt! didasbiscuit I'brskrt! sausainisborrow I'bnr::>u!skolintisbow-tie I, b::>u'tar! peteliske, varlyte (kaklaraistis)bracelet I' brers1::Jt!apyrankebrooch/br::>ulflsagebubble bath l'bAbl ,ba:ElI putos voniaibunch IbAnlfl puokste; kekecabbage /'k'i£brdy' kopiistascan Ik'i£n1 skardine (gerimo)canvas I'k'i£nv::>sldrobecarton I'ka:tn! pakelis, kartono dezutecash Ik'i£fl isgryninti; grynieji pinigaicasual l'k'i£3U::>l! kasdienis, paprastascattle I'k'i£tl! galvijaicease Isi:sl nustoticereals I'sr::>ri::>lzJgriidai, javaicharge Ilfa:dy' mokestiscoin Ik:nn! monetacommercial !k::>'m3:Jl!reklamacomplaint !k::>m'plemt! skundas, nusiskundimasconsumer Ibn'sju:m::>1 vartotojasconvey Ibn 'veri perduoticordless I'b:dl::>sl belaidiscounter l'kaunt::>1prekystaliscounterfeiter I'kaunt::>frt::>1klastotojas, padirbinetojasdata I' delt::>1duomenysdelay Idr'lerl uzgaisimasdeposit IdI'poZlt! deti i bank,!, atiduoti saugotidiscountl'dIs,kaunt! nuolaidadurable I'dju::>r::>bl!tvirtas, pastovus, ilgalaikisenclose Im'kl::>uzJ idetiexchange Irks 'Ifemdy' apsikeistiextensive Irk'stenslvl platus, issamusfeather I'fee::>1plunksnafill in 1,[11'In! uzpildytifit Ifrt! tikti (pagal dydi)fitting room I'fltII] ,ru:m! matavimosi kabinafootwear I'futwe::>1avalyneforge Ihdy' suklastoti, padirbtifraud Ifr::>:d! apgavikas, sukCiusfull stop I,ful'stop! taskasgarage I'g'i£ra:3, 'g'i£ndy' automobiliq remonto dirbtuvesglue Iglu:1 klijai; klijuotigraft Igra:ft! persodinti (audinDhammer l'h'i£m::>1plaktukasinterest I'mtr::>st! paliikanos
intricate I'mtnbt! sudetingas, painusintroduce I,mtr::>'dju:sl ivesti, pradetiivory I'arv::>rildramblio kaulasjar lc!3a:1stiklainislaundry I'b:ndrrl skalbykla; skalbiniailend (lent, lent) !lend! skolintiloose Ilu:sl laisvasluxury I'lAkJ::>rilprabangus, prasmatnusmatch Im'i£lfl degtukasmatch Im'i£lfl derintis (apie spalvas)medieval I,medi'i:vl! vidurarniiqmicrochip I'markr::>u,lflpl mikroschemamoisturiser I'm::>Islf::>,rarz::>1drekinantis kremasmoney order I'mAllI ,o:d::>1perlaida, pervedimasnecklace I'neklrsl verinys (perlIL karolit{ ir pan.)optician/op'tIJn! akiq gydytojasoverdrafti' ::>uv::>,dra:ft! pereikvoj imas, (kredito) pervirsisparka I'pa:bl silta striuke su kapisonupickle /'prkll marinuotos, raugintos darioves I vaisiaipips I'plpsl pypsejimasplaster l'pla:st::>1 pleistrasportable I'po:t::>bl!nesiojamas, portatyvuspostage I'p::>ustrdy' pasto islaidosprecious metall'preJ::>s 'metl! brangusis metal aspredict Ipn'drkt! nuspeti, pranasautiproducer Ipr::>'dju: s::>1gamintojasrefund I'ri:fAild! pinim gr'!zinimasreplacement In'pleIsm::>nt! pakeitimasring off l,nI] 'ofl baigti pokalbi telefonuroll Ir::>ul! bandelesachet I' S'i£Jerl mazas plokSCiaspopierinis I plastikinis maiselissalary l's'i£1::Jrilalgascraf I'ska:f! salikas, kaklajuostescience-fiction I, saI::>ns'flkI nI moksline fantastikascrewdriver I'skru:,drarv::>1 atsuktuvasshawl IJo:l! skara, salisskull IskAl! kaukolesmart card I,sma:t'ka:d! elektronine kreditine kortelestanding order l,st'i£ndII] 'o:d::>1pervedimasstatement I'stertm::>nt! pranesimassubtract Is::>b'tr'i£kt! atimtisuit Isu:t! tikti, deretisuspenseful Is::>'spensfl! itemptasswallow I'swol::>ul nuryti, prarytitight Itart! siauras, ankstastin Itm! skardine (kons. maisto ar dail{)tissue I'tIJU:, 'trsju:1 popierine serveteletorch Ito:lfl zibintuvelistracksuit I'tr'i£k,su:t! sportinis kostiumastrade Itreld! prekiautitryon I, traI' on! pasimatuotitub ItAbl kibirelistube Itju: bl tiibeleunderwear I'And::>,we::>1apatiniai riibaiwear (wore, worn) Iwe::>1deveti, nesiotiwithdrawal IWle'dro:::>l!isemimas
ADDITIONAL WORD BANKshopping facilitiesbookshop l'buk,Jopl knygynas; boutique Ibu:'ti:kl madingtt brangill riibll parduotuve; children swear I'tfrldr;;mz,wedlvaikiski riibai; china I'tfamdl porcelianas; clothes !ready-made clothes Iklduov drabuiiai, apdarai; cosmetics Ikoz'metrkslcutlery /'kAtldril stalo irankiai; department store universaline parduotuve; domestic electric appliances buitiniaielektros prietaisai; fabrics I'frebnksl medziagos, audiniai; florist's I flower shop gelitt parduotuve; furniture l'f3:nrtfdlbaldai; furs If3:z/ kailiai; glassware I'gla:s,wedl stiklo prekes; haberdashery l'hrebd,dreJdrii galanterija; hardware storeI ironmonger's ukines prekes; household goods I'haus,hduldl namll apyvokos reikmenys; jeweller's 1'd.3u:dldzljuvelyriniai dirbiniai; kiosk; news agent's I news-stand (Am E) spaudos kioskas; kitchenware I'krtfdn,wedl virtuvesreikmenys; ladieswear I'lerdrz,wedl moteriski drabuziai; lingerie /'lren3dril mot. apatiniai rubai; market I'mo:krtlturgus, prekyviete; menswear I'menz,wedl vyriski drabuziai; pet shop naminill gyvlinll parduotuve; second-hand storenaudotll prekill parduotuve; self - service shop savitarnos parduotuve; shoes I footwear I'futwedl avalyne; shoppingcentre prekybos centras; sportswear and equipment sportine avalyne ir iranga; stationery l'sterJnril kanceliarinesprekes; supermarket l'su:pd,mo:kIt! prekybos centras; toiletries I't:nldtriv tualeto reikmenys, parfumerija; toy shopzaislll parduotuve
food shopsbaker's I'berbv duonos parduotuve; butcher's l'butfdV mesas parduotuve; confectioner's Iconfectionary konditerija;dairy products I' de;}ril pieno produktai;· drinks I off-licence I' of,larsnsl alkoholiniai gerimai; greengrocer's I'gri:ngrdusdvdarZovillparduotuve; grocer's I'grdusdv bakaleja; tobacconist's Itd'brebnrstsl tabako gaminiai
names of clothesanorak I'rend,rrek! silta striuke; blouse Iblauz/ palaidinuke; coat Ibut! paltas, apsiaustas; culottes Ikju:'lotsl kelnes-sijonas; denims I jeans ld.3i:nv dzinsai; dress Idresl suknele; hat Ihret! skrybele; overalls kombinezonas; overcoatapsiaustas; polo-neck (sweater) I'PdUldU ,nek! golfas; raincoat I'rern,but! lietpaltis; shirt IJ3:t! marskiniai; shorts IJ:>:tsl sortai; skirt Isk3:t! sijonas; socks Isoksl puskojines; stockings I'stokIl)v kojines; suit Isu:t! kostiumas;sweater I'swetdl megztinis, nertinis; tights Itartsl pedkelnes; trousers I'trauzdv kelnes; waistcoat liemene; windcheaterI'wrnd,t;fi:t;;ll lengva striuke
underwearbra Ibm:1 liemenukas; panties (Am E) / knickers I'nrbv mot., vaik. kelnaites; nighties I'nartrzl naktiniai marskineliai;pyjamas Ip;;l'd.3a:mdv pizama; slip Islrpl apatinukas; trunks ItrAl)ksl glaudes; T-shirt l'ti:J3: portiniai marskineliai;underpants I'Andd,prentsl vyr. apatines kelnaites; vest Ivest! berankoviai marskineJiai; liemene (Am E)
footwearboots /bu:tsl batai (auliniai); flip-flops pliazines basutes (be uzkulnil{); shoes IJu:v batai. a eliai: slippers I'SlrpdVslepet6s; trainers I sneakers (Am E) sportiniai bateliai; high heels I,har'hi:lv aukstakulniai a:eliai
stylelong-sleeved ilgomis rankovemis; short-sleeved trumpom rankovem; sleeveless be rcnko i ~ Y-neck I'vi:,nek! Vformos iskirpte; round-neck apvalios formos iskirpte
material I texturecotton I'kotnl medvilninis; medvilne; denim I'denrm/ dzinsinis audinys; leather 1'leo'Jl I : silk Isrlk! silkinis;silkas; suede Iswerd/ zomsinis; zomsas; velvet I'velvrt! aksominis; aksomas; woollen I'wu.:r:: •.-,;Jonis: wool vilna
patternchecked Itfektllanguotas; flowery I'flau;;lriJ geldas; plain Iplern! lygus; polka-dotted I'po .b.d. - D ' taskuotas; stripedI~tralptl dryiu()ta~, jU()~tu()ta~',tartan I't<l·.tllllanguota skotiska mediiaga
household articlesbottle I'botl/ butelis; cup lkApl puodelis; dish IdrJI indas; fork 1fJ:k! sakut6; frying-pan l'fraul),prenl keptuve; glass Iglo:slstikline; jar 1d.30:1stiklainis; knife Inarfl peilis; matchesl'mretfrzl degtukai; plate Iplert! lekste; pot/pot! puodas; saucepan/'S:>:SPdnlpuodas su ilga rankena; saucer I's:>:sdl lekstute (po puodeliu); spoon Ispu:nI saukstas; string Istnl)l virve
foodstuffs (see Unit 10 Food and Drink)
we can buya box of matches; a packet of biscuits pakeli sausainill; a bar of chocolate plytel« sokolado; a can of Coca-Cola; a tinof sardines sardinill dezut«; a jar of honey stiklaini medaus; a dozen eggs tuzinll (12) kiausinill; a carton of milk I creamI popcorn; a kilo of bananas; a pound of meat svarll mesos; a loaf of bread kepalll duonos; a pair of shoes I some shoes;a pair of trousers; a bottle of perfume buteliukll kvepalll; a tube of toothpaste; a bar of soap muilo gabaleli; a bunchof roses
Vegetables .Cereals .Dairy products .Fish .Fruits and berries .Herbs .Meat .
aubergine, bacon, barley, basil, beans, blackberries, chicken, cream, dill, gooseberries, grapes, herring, yoghurt,lamb, maize, mint, mustard, mutton, onions, parsley, pear, peas, plaice, rabbit, rice, rye, salmon, sausage, thyme,trout, veal, lemon
2a) Find the pairs of antonyms.
1 tasteless 5 slimming 9 fattening 13 stale2 sweet 6 spicy 10 sour 14 tough3 raw 7 tender 11 mild 15 delicious4 fresh 8 ripe 12 cooked 16 unripe
I I mustn't eat this cake - it's too and I'm on a diet.2 The curry burnt my mouth, it was so .3 Could you pass me the sugar, please. I'll put some in this lemon juice, it's too .4 This steak is so , I can't even chew it!5 I can't cut this bread, it's so .6 These apples are still green and not very , I suppose.7 This fish is almost , you have to cook it for fifteen minutes more.
3 Choose the adjectives from the list to describe each of the foods. You may use some adjectives more thanonce. The adjectives delicious, tempting and nasty can be used for different foods depending on individualtaste.
Raw carrots are .Salted peanuts are .An avocado is .Lithuanian food is .Strong coffee is .Red chillies are .Tinned sardines are .A lemon is .Yoghurt is .
1 baking2 boiling3 frying4 roasting5 simmering6 steaming7 stewing
a) cooking in steam; used for puddings, fish, vegetables etcb) cooking meat or fruit in a small amount of water and its own juicesc) cooking foods in enough water to cover them, at a temperature lower than 100° Cd) cooking in fat; used for chips, doughnuts, chicken, potatoes etce) the food is placed in the oven; used for preparing cakes, breadsf) cooking meat or vegetables in an oven or over a fireg) cooking foods in enough water to cover them, at 100° C
1 fattening food2 fast food3 junk food4 to cut down on sth (eg fizzy drinks)5 nutrients
6 a balanced diet7 a poor diet8 overweight9 a hearty eater10 to contain
11 to provide12 artificial additives13 a substantial meal14 ingredients
1 Waiter, could you bring me my account / bill / receipt please?2 The salad is not what I called / commanded / ordered.3 This dish / plate / serving is a speciality of our restaurant.4 Waiter, I can't eat this meat. It's underdone / underweight / uncut.5 The prawn cocktail was fantastic. Could I have a second plate / course / helping please.6 Have you decided what to have for your main course / food / helping?7 It's a very popular restaurant - we should apply for / book / order a table.8 Can you give me the prescription / instruction / recipe for this pie? It's very delicious.9 According to my doctor I'm 10 kilos overweight / too fat / overeaten.10 The fish was dry and overdressed / overdone / overused.
USE of ENGLISH
1 Read the text. Fill each of the blanks with a suitable word from the word bank. Use each word onlyonce.
Food, Dangerous FoodBritain is the proud holder of the title for the fattest European nation, with 17 percent 1••.•..•....•....••. men and 20percent 2 •••••••..••...••.•• women considered to 3....•••.••.•••••••• clinically obese.Thirsty? Tired? Reach for a can of fizzy drink, and feel the buzz. We all do 4 •••..•.•••..••••.•• , but for many Englishschool kids, this is breakfast. 5 than 50, 000 8-10 year-aIds miss food in the morning and arrive6•••..•••...•..•...• school tired, empty and irritable. And 7•••••••••.••••••••• are the prospects for healthy eating at school?Many schools now have a 'canteen culture', 8 ••.•..••....•••..•• kids have a choice. And when 9•..•••..••••..•••.. bellgoes, they opt for a pizza and chips 10 .•.......•••••••••• of salad and fish. When you're still young, you feel immortal,untouched 11 .......•..•.•....••••.• 'adult' concerns of obesity and heart disease. The Heart Foundation 12 ..••..•••••••••••••
just launched a campaign to show 13....•....••..•••..• bad habits formed when we're young are often the root causesof heart problems when we're older.Modem eating habits are 14 •••••.••..•••..•••. destructive. Today's children are more at risk of developing osteoporosis,heart and respiratory diseases and 15••••••••••••••..•.• forms of cancer than their parents and grandparents. They alsoface the dilemmas of eating genetically-modified food (GMOs) 16••••.•.••..•••••••• organic products containing noartificial chemicals - an increasingly popular option in Britain.
2 Read the text below and look carefully at each line. Some of the lines are correct, and some have aword which should not be there. If a line is correct, put a tick (/). If a line has a word which shouldnot be there, write the word next to the number of the line.
Irish Stew (enough for 4 people)
You need: 0.45 kg stewed lamb; 0.68 kg potatoes; 0.23 kg onions; 0.28 litres water; salt and pepper;1 teaspoon chopped fresh parsley.
Cut the meat into fairly small pieces, removing of the fat.Slice the onions. Peel the potatoes and cut them into thick other slices.Put the meat and vegetables into a saucepan in layers,finishing with a layer of potatoes. The season with salt and pepper.Add to some water. Bring to the boil, then cover and simmer gentlyfor about two hours. To serve, pile the meat and few onions in thecentre of the dish, with the potatoes at round the edge, and pour thesauce over the meat. Sprinkle the parsley over the potatoes.
1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 : .
3 Use a word in brackets to form a word that fits suitably in the space. Make any necessary changes.The first has been done as an example.
The SandwichIt seems strange that the modest and (0 democracy) ..... .4~1JJ.Q~r.qtir:..... sandwich was the (1 invent).......................... of an aristocrat. The Earl of Sandwich, the head of the British navy, was a (2 passion).......................... card-player. In 1762, during a 24-hour (3 gamble) session, he got hungry.So he picked a piece of beef and popped it between two slices of bread. Then he carried on (4 play)....................... while eating what was to become Britain's biggest (5 contribute) togastronomy. The word soon entered the English language. In 1762, the famous (6 history) .Edward Gibbon wrote about a restaurant where 'twenty or thirty of the 'first men' in the (7 king).......................... could be seen having supper at little tables upon a bit of cold meat, or a Sandwich'. Today thesandwich is (8 enjoy) by all classes and both sexes. In fact, almost every office (9 work).......................... in the country has one for lunch. It is either plain or toasted, on (10 tradition) .British bread, Italian ciabatta, French bread or Middle East pitta. Popular (11 fill) includetuna salad with mayonnaise, prawn cocktail with avocado, cheese and pickle. Cucumber sandwiches are(12 probable) the most uniquely British type of sandwiches.
4 Put the words in the right order to make a dialogue. Capitalise and punctuate the words where necessary.
A: must / some / have / chicken / you / more. .r.q.'! .. ,!!!-,:~.~.h(}YfU,c!.'!!f:. !fI:9.':~.~I}..i.qkt;.,!:.B: you / no / thank. 1/ too / had / already / much / have. .. .A: it / me / take / just / to please. . .B: OK / I / manage/ a / piece / maybe / small / could / very. . .A: about / a / coffee / you / before / cup / how / of / go? .B: if/having / you / one / are / only. . .A: take / milk / do / sugar / and / you? .B: much / too / milk / not / and just / please / a / spoonful. .A: you / to / what / like / drink / would? .B: light / just / please / a / beer. .. .A: with / you / have / tonic / won't / a / me / gin / and? .B: kind / that's / of you / very / but / don't / I / will / I / think. driving / am / I / know / you. .. .
Starting Points for Healthier EatingIf you want to lose 1•.••.•••..• weight, eat normally and exercise. 2•.•..•••.•• diets are hard to maintain and it's all tooeasy to start bingeing. Particularly, exercising in 3•.•.••.•..• morning will help you keep trim, while late-nightsnacking is 4 ..••..••.•. guaranteed way to put on 5 •••.•.•••.• weight.
If you're 6 •.••...••.. meat-eater, 7•••••••.••• chicken and fish high in Omega 3 are far better than 8••.••••..•• red meats.They're good for your brain, too.9••••••••••• fizzy drinks, 10••••••••.•• tea and 11••••••••••• coffee are all 'diuretics'. This means that they take 12••••...••••
water away from your body, rather than replenishing it. 13....••..... fizzy drinks also contain 14..........• phosphorous,which reduces 15••••••••.. amount of 16•••••....• calcium your body can absorb from 17 .••.......• food. So, if you sufferfrom 18..•••••.•••• headaches, 19.....•.••••• mood-swings, or just 20 ......•••.. general lack 0[21 ••••••••••• energy, try replacingall those drinks with lots of 22 .••••.•.... water. Your complexion will get clearer and 23 ....••....• eyes will startglowing like 24 ••••••••••• headlamps!
1 Read the text and fill in the summary with the proper words that suit the content of the text. Thewords should not be necessarily taken from the text. Use one or two words only.
GREASEGreasy spoons* very rarely appear in guidebooks, butthey are an essential part of life in the UK, especially forpeople living in the bigger cities. Current's Sam Jordisansings the praises of this great British institution.
Cafe life in BritainIn London, the capital city of the greasy spoon, there arehundreds and hundreds, fuelling the population with bacon,eggs and sausages. These small restaurants are so commonand everyday - like baked beans or phone boxes - that theyare barely even noticed, but if greasy spoons were removed,the country would be on its knees.Greasy spoon cafes are so called because any cutlery thatcomes into contact with the food on offer is immediatelycoated with a sticky, greasy layer of lard*. It almost seemslike an oily mist hangs in the air, as if fat drips from thewalls. More calories can be found in a cup of tea in a goodgreasy spoon than in a whole meal at a normal restaurant.
The settingGreasy spoons are generally found slightly away from themain streets of most towns, on the shabbier* roads. Alwaysa bit dirty and down at heel, they usually have large (greasecoated) glass windows, a plastic sign with the name of thecafe - usually containing the name of the owner eg Mario's,Bob's Place, Rita's Cafe - and a huge menu offering a widevariety of artery clogging* delights.Inside they are generally clean, functional and scruffy*.You'll see old wooden seats, tables covered with crackedlinoleum and plain walls. Each table has on it a bottle ofbrown sauce, tomato ketchup and vinegar, and pots of saltand pepper. In the background, behind a chipped counter,are huge gleaming tea urns* and a steaming kitchen wherethe gruff* chefs work their magic.
The peopleIn a typical greasy spoon, you will find people from all
walks of life. Poets, drop-outs*, hurrying businessmen,students lazing around with huge mugs of tea. Some readnovels, some stare into space, and others catch up on theday's news. There will be young couples staring into eachother's eyes or lonely old men coming out for a change ofscene. At weekends there will always be large groups offriends, recovering from a night on the town. They are allunited by one thing: the food. They are all looking for someseriously stodgy grub*.
The foodThe meals are dangerously unhealthy, and absolutelydelicious. All kinds of fried food can be bought for incrediblylow prices. The centrepiece is usually the traditional Englishbreakfast. Although it's called a breakfast, it takes a bravesoul to eat it first thing in the morning, because it is huge.At least two pieces of bacon, two sizzling sausages, twofried eggs (sunny side up), fried mushrooms, baked beansand bread soaked in hot oil and fried. The very finest greasyspoons will also offer several pieces of black pudding -surprisingly tasty, considering that it's made from - wait forit - dried pigs' blood and lard.The English breakfast is full of meat and fat. If you wantsomething less filling, there's still a lot to choose from;particular specialities are bacon or fried egg sandwiches(or of course, bacon and egg sandwiches). There is alsooften a range of vegetarian sausages and burgers.Greasy spoons have some devoted followers. Tapping'Greasy Spoon' into an internet search engine* will bringup a hundreds of entries. One of the best sites is http://www.greasy spoon. co. uk!. With pictures, reviews, menusand stories, it's the next best thing to going to a greasyspoon cafe yourself. But of course, nothing can beat goingto a real one - especially on an empty stomach.
GLOSSARY:a greasy spoon: a cheap restaurant specialising in fried food; lard: pig fat used in cooking; to be shabby: to be in poorcondition through much use or being badly cared for; to clog: to block; scruffy: untidy or dirty; an urn: a large containerin which liquid can be heated and stored; gruff: rough and unfriendly; a drop-out: someone who leaves conventionalsociety; stodgy grub: sticky, heavy and filling food (slang); internet search engine: a website that allows you to searchthe internet
In a RestaurantWaiter: Good evening, sir ... madam. Shall I take your coats?Mr Brown: Thank you. Where shall we sit, Jane?W:Mr B:W:Mr B:Mrs B:Mr B:Mrs B:
W:MrB:W:Mr B:W:Mr B:W:Mr B:W:MrB:W:MrB:W:
Oh, would you like to sit over here, sir? Near the window!Ah, yes ... Could we see the menu?Yes, certainly. Here it is.What would you like for a starter?Mm ... I think I'll have the prawn salad. I'm very fond of prawns. What about you?I'm not sure. I can't decide.Oh, I'd have the trout, if! were you. You always say that you like trout, and you haven't had it fora long time.Are you ready to order, sir?Yes ... a prawn cocktail for my wife and the trout for me.And the main course, sir?Veal for my wife. I can't decide between the veal and the chicken. What do you recommend?Oh, if I were you, I'd have the veal.OK! I'll take it. And two mixed salads, please.Any vegetables, sir?Yes. Some cauliflower, some tomatoes and some boiled potatoes, please.Anything to follow?Yes, we'd like a bottle of dry white wine.May I suggest something?Of course.Why don't you try a bottle of English wine? You'll be surprised ... it's very good.
• where slhe usually has her / his meals• if s/he often eats out• if there are any special occasions for her / his eating out• if it is a custom in her / his country to leave a tip to a waiter / waitress
7 Read the text about healthy eating and fill in the table.
The Food Pyramid Guide to Healthy EatingHere is the latest diet - the Pyramid diet. Actually, it is not a diet to help people lose weight. It is a diet for ahealthy life. The Pyramid diet is very simple. Different kinds of food are placed at different levels of thepyramid. The higher up the pyramid, the less of the foods you should eat. Bread, pasta, rice and other wholegrains are at the bottom of the pyramid. These foods contain complexcarbohydrates, which provide us with energy and heat. Besides, they are asource of fibre, that is essential for good digestion. Carbohydrates shouldmake up about 50 % of your diet. Fruit and vegetables are at the second levelof the pyramid. These should be 30 % of your diet. They provide vitamins,minerals as well as fibre. Above fruit and vegetables are the protein-richfoods like meat, fish, beans, nuts, milk, cheese and yoghurt. They alsoprovide a lot of calcium. These protein-rich foods should make up about18 % of your diet. At the top of the pyramid are fat, oil, sweets andsugar. We should eat as little as possible of things at this level. Thesefoods provide very little in the way of useful nutrients, but they havea damaging effect on teeth and should only form a small part of our diet. It is also recommended to drink 6glasses of water a day and have daily physical activities in order to be healthy and fit.
Levels Food types Provide Percentage
1
234
8 Discuss the following questions with your partner:
• how often s/he eats the foodstuffs in the pyramid• what foods s/he doesn't eat enough• what things s/he eats that are good for her / him• what things s/he eats that s/he knows are not very good for her / him• explain why these foods are good or bad for us (eg a lot of vitamins, too much fat etc)• what nutrients are essential for our body every day
9 Work in small groups. Design a suitable meal for your new boyfriend who is a vegetarian; for your ten-year-old sister's birthday party; for a romantic evening; for a friend who is on a diet; for your brother onthe occasion of his graduation from the university. The meal should consist of at least three courses.
• Lithuanian national food and eating traditions. How would you describe the Lithuanian cuisine? Give a recipeof your favourite dish.
• What are your favourite foods? Can you cook anything yourself? Do you ever use cookbooks and try recipesfrom magazines or TV programmes?
• The food in your school canteen. Is the choice big enough? Are there any offers of junk food on the menu?What would you change if you were the head of the canteen?
11 Study the given menu and then role-play the situation with your partner. One of you is the waiter /waitress (A), and the other person (B) would like to have lunch in the restaurant.
A• meet the customer• ask about the main course, recommend some dish• inquire about the dessert• ask if everything was okay and bring the bill
B• tell the waiter where you'd like to sit• order a starter and the main course• choose the dessert• ask for the bill
1 a) Andrew went for dinner with his girlfriend. However, he was not satisfied with many aspects of therestaurant. He read the advertisement carefully and made the notes. Then, he wrote a letter ofcomplaint to the manager of the restaurant, covering the points in his notes and adding some relevantinformation. Read the letter. Underline the sentences covering the points in Andrew's notes.
The Fleet Inn & RestaurantBerthed at Twyning-on-Avon
Relax in<t€::open :ili>Enjoy steaks of<@me qua@p
<WIde select19D>ofmouth-watering dessertsc@asona~rices
Hospitable Staff / ~ci~ Se .
You'll find the Fleet Inn & Restaurant atTwyning-on-Avon, situated some 2V2 miles fromTewkesbury in delightful Gloucestershire countryside.
22 Church RoadLonglevensGloucester GL33QN
The Restaurant ManagerThe Fleet Inn and RestaurantTwyningGlousectershire GL20 6FL
I am writing to complain about the dinner we had at your restaurant on Friday 13th May. Unfortunately, it wasnothing like what we expected.
To begin with, the dishes we ordered were not tasty because of being overdone. The steakes were so burnt that it wasimpossible to eat them. Furthermore, even though the ice-cream we had ordered was delicious, it was the only choicewe could make. While in your advertisement you state that you have a wide range of desserts.
I would also like to complain about the prices which were far from reasonable. Contrary to what was stated in youradvertisement, we found everything outrageously priced.
To make matters worse it began to rain. As the system of setting up a marquee was out of order we had to moveindoors, which was hot and stuffy.
Finally, I would like to point out that though your staff were very hospitable, they came rather late to serve us.Taking into consideration all the above, I demand a full refund. I feel sure that this matter will receive your promptattention.
I look forward to hearing from you.
Yours faithfully,dltufM.w,~
Ib) What kind of language does the writer use to make his complaints and show his feelings? Tick which ofthe following apply and underline the expressions in the letter to prove your choice.
The writer is:friendly 0displeased 0
indifferent 0rude 0
fIrm 0apologetic 0
2 You saw this advertisement in a magazine and decided to try the diet. However, two months later youare not satisfied with the results, as you have realised that the advertisement was misleading. Readthe advertisement and the notes you have made. Then, write a letter of complaint of 120-150 wordsto the company which advertised the diet, covering the points in your notes and adding any relevantinformation.
CLAUDIA'S WONDER DIET
~se we~ast and keep it off!
- Try our new diet Nutriplan!- We cook for you!- Our calorie-controlled food is healthy and €licio~- Join now and pay~or-your meals.-Sdelivered to your door.
3 Study the checklist for healthy eating and carry out a survey on eating habits in your group. Thenwrite a survey report referring to the guidelines given in Unit 11 on p. 120.
4 Read the jumbled recipe (A-D) and put it in the correct order. Then write the recipe of your favouriteLithuanian dish.
Pan-fried Chicken With Mushroom SauceThis delicious chicken dish makes a fine supper for guests or even a quick midweek family treat.
Calories:Fat:Serves:Costs:Takes:
296llg425 Lt15 minutes
• 1 tbsp olive oil• 4 x 5 g /150g chicken breasts• 1 x 295 g can condensed mushroom soup• 1 x 300 g can button mushrooms, drained• 2 tbsp fresh chopped parsley (optional)• 1 x 411 g can asparagus spears, drained• Carrots and peas to serve
A Meanwhile, place condensed soup in a small pan with the drained mushrooms and parsley, and heat over alow heat for 6-7 minutes, stirring until piping hot.
B Place the asparagus on a plate and heat in the microwave for 1 minute.C Arrange the asparagus between 4 warmed serving plates, place the chicken on top, then spoon over the
mushroom sauce. Serve with carrots and peas tossed in butter if desired.D Heat the oil in a large heavy-based frying pan and cook the chicken breasts over a moderately high heat for
about 10-12 minutes until golden on both sides and cooked through.
5 Read the letter giving advice and making suggestions. Rewrite it filling in the gaps with the mostsuitable phrases given below. Some phrases suit more than one gap.
I strongly advise you to ...How I what about ... ?Why don't you ... ?It would be a good idea to ...Another thing I suggest you do is ...
If I were you, I'd .It would be wise to .I think you'd better .What I always find helpful is ...I've given your problem a lot of thought ...
In my opinion, you should .I suggest that you should .The way I see it, you can .
Dear Judy,It was nice to hear from you. I was sorry to find out that you feel so depressed about your
weight. (I) and I hope the following advice will be of some help to you.Firstly, (2) keep away from all strict diets that our women's magazines are full
of Most of these diets just don't work. (3) eat more vegetables, fruit and low fatdairy products which are really slimming. (4) have a diet yoghurt instead of a fatteningsandwich? Have in mind that starvation and crash diets (it's when you want to lose weight in avery short time) are not as effective as a well-balanced vegetarian diet. Moreover, (5) .avoid sugary drinks, to say nothing of desserts and other sweet things. I know that you've got asweet tooth but try to hold back from cakes and biscuits. Furthermore, (6) kick thehabit of having snacks between meals or late at night.
(7) taking more sport. Exercising helps to get into shape and lose some weight.As far as clothes are concerned, don't trouble yourself too much. You dress fashionably, so justwear what you've got and try to be easy-going and relaxed. Be yourself!
Well, that's all the advice I can give you. I hope I've been of some help to you. Keep in touchand let me know how everything turns out.
With love,Aunt Helen
account/;}'kauntl sllskaitaadditive /'red;}trvlpriedas (maisto)amount/;}'mauntl kiekis, mastasartificial l,u:tr'frSI/ dirbtinisasparagus I;}'sprer;}g;}slsparagasaubergine /';}ub;},3i:nIbaklazanasbake Iberkl kepti (duonq, pyragq)barley /'bu:lr/ mieziaibasil I'brezl/ bazilikasbatter l'bret;}1 (su)plakta teslabill Ibrll sllskaitabinge Ibmd31 piktnaudziautibitter l'brt;}1 kartus, aitrusblackberry /'blrekb(;})rilgervuogebland Iblrendl preskasbreast Ibrestl kriitinecanteen Ikren'ti:nI bufetas; valgykla
carbohydrates /,ku:b;}u'hardrertsl angliavandeniaicereals /'sr;}n;}lz1(maistiniai) javai, griidai; javainiaichop ItJopl pjaustyti, smulkinti (maistq)complaint Ibm'plernt/ nusiskundimas, skundascomplexion /bm'plekSni veido spalvaconsider /bn'srd;)/ manyti, laikyti; apgalvoticontain /bn' tern/ tun,:ti(savyje); talpinticontribute Ibn'tnbju:t/ aukoti, duoti; inesti inasllcourse Ib:sl patiekalascrockery /'krobril indai (moliniai, porcelianiniai)cuisine Ikwr'zi:nl virtuve (sa lies, regiono)cutlery l'kAtbril stal0 irankiaidairy I'de;}ril pieninis, pienodelicious Idr'hS;}slskanus, gardusdestructive /dr'strAktrvl griaunamasis; zalingasdigestion Idar' d3estInI maisto virskinimasdill Idrll krapas
disease Idr'zi:zl ligadish IdrSI valgis, patiekalasdoughnut l'd'JullAtl spurgadrained Idrerndl nusausintasfeel the buzz IbAZI (snek.) jausti malonum<!fibre l'farb'J/· skaidulosfilling (uz)pildymas; pripildymas; idarasflour lflau'Jl miltaifoodstuff I'fu:d,stAfl maisto produktasgamble I'geembll losti (azartinius zaidimus)gooseberry l'gusb('J)ril agrastasgrape Igrerpl vynuogegrease Igri:sl taukai, riebalaihaddock I' heed'Jkl menkeherbs Ih3:bzl (vaistiniai, prieskoniniai) augalai, zolelesherring l'hew)1 silkehospitable Iho'sprt'Jbll svetingas, vaisingashost, hostess Ih'Just, 'h'Justrsl seimininkas, seimininkeimmortal !r'm:):tll nemirtingas, nemarus, amzinasincrease Irn'kri:sl (is)augti, priaugti, (pa)didetikidney I'krdnil inkstaslack (of) /leek! stoka, triikumaslamb Ileernl eriuko mesa, erienaliver I'hv'Jl kepenysmaintain Imern'ternl islaikyti (esamqpadetiJmaize Imerzl kukuruzaimarquee Imo: 'hi didele palapine; nuosvyra; uzuolaidamint Imrnt/ metamustard l'mAst'Jdl garstyCiosmutton I'mAtn/ avienanutrientl'nju:tn'Jntl maistine medziagaobese l'Ju'bi:sl aptuk«s, nutuk«sobesity l'Ju'bi:srtil nutukimas, aptukimasonion I'Anj'Jnl svogunasopt (for) loptl rinktis, pasirinktioption l'opSn/ pasirinkimasoutrageous laut'rerd3'JsI nepagristas; neiPrastasovenl'Avn/orkaiteoverdone I ,'duv'J'dAn! perkeptas, perkepintas; pervir«soverweightl,'Juv'J'wertl sveriantis virs normosparsley I'po:slil petrazolepassion l'peeSnl aistra, potraukispasta l'prest'Jl makaronaipate I'preterl pastetaspickle I'prkl/ marinuotos, sudytos darzovespile Iparll sukrautiplaice Iplersl pleksneporridge l'pond31 kose
poultry I'p'Jultril paukstienapour Ip:):1(Upilti, (i)lieti, pripiltiprawn Ipr:):n! kreveteprescription/pr'J'sknpSnl receptas (gydytojo)protein(s) l'pr'Juti:n/ baltymaiprovide Ipr'J'vardl tiekti; parupintiraw /r:):/ zalias; puszalis (nebaigtas virti / kepti)reasonable l'ri:z'Jnbl/ pagristas; prieinamasreceipt In'si:t/ kvitas, s<!skaitarecipe l'res'Jpil receptas; bud asreduce In'dju:sl sumazintirelevant I'rel'dv'dntl tiesiogiai susij«s, tinkamasreplenish In'plenrSI pripildyti, papildytirice /rarsl ryziairich IntSI astrus, maistingas, riebusroast /r'Just/ keptirye /rarl rugiaisalmon I'so:m'Jnl lasisasauce Is:):sl padazassaucepan I's:):sp'Jnl prikaistuvisseason I'si:znl pagardinti, paskanintiserving I's3:vrfjl porcija, gabalassimmer I'srm'Jl uzvirti; virinti ant letos ugniesslice Islarsl rieke; griezinelis; pjaustyti gridineliaisslim Ishml lieknas, laibas; suplonetiskimmed milk I,skrmd'mrlkl nugriebtas pienas
. sour Isau'Jl rugstusspeciality l,speSr'rehtil firminis patiekalasspicy I'sparsil su prieskoniais; pikantiskasspinach l'sprnrd31 spinatassprinkle I'spnfjkll (ap)slakstyti, apibarstytistaff Ista:fl darbuotojai, tamautojai; personalasstale Isterll suziedej«s, senas (apie duonq ir pan.)steak Isterkl mesos gabalas (kepsniui); zlegtainis, bifSteksassteam Isti:rnI Vilti garuosestew Istju:1 troskinta mesa I zuvis; troskinti(s), sutintistir Ist3:1 maisyti, ismaisyti, pamaisytistout Istautl stiprus porteristender I'tend'Jl minkstas (apie mesq)tinned Itrndl konservuotasthyme /tarm! Ciobrelistough ItA£/ kietastreat /tri:t/ elgtis su; laikyti; vaisinti; pa(si)lepintitrim /tnml gerai issilaik«s; sveikas, tvirtastrout /trautl upetakisturnip I't3:nrpl ropewholemeal bread I'h'Jul,mi:1 'bredl rupill miltll duonaveal Ivi:1I versiena
ADDITIONAL WORD BANKtypes of food and drinkcereals: barley /'ba:lil midiai; buckwheat grikiai; maize Imerz/ corn (Am.E.) kukuruzai; millet f'mrht/ soras; oats Idutsl avizos; oatmeal avizines kruopos; rice /rarsl ryziai; rye Irarl rugiai; wheat kvieciai
meat: beef jautiena; Iamb; mutton aviena; pork kiauliena; bacon lasiniai; lard lydyti kiaules taukai; liver kepenys; hamkumpis; hot dog ddrainis; hamburger mesainis; sausage l'sosrd31 desra; desrele; beefsteak; salami IS;;J'la:mi/; cutletmaltinis; minced meat I mincemeat malta mesa
fish: cod menke; sardine Iso: 'di:n/ sardine; carp /ka:pl karpis; eel ungurys; pike Ipark/ lydeka; mackerel /'meekr;;J1/skumbre;stuffed fish farsiruota zuvis; tinned fish zuvies konservai
seafood: prawn I shrimp krevete; crab; lobster omaras; crayfish vezys; oyster l''Jrst'dl austre; mussel/'m!l.sll moliuskas,midija; octopus astuonkojis; squid Iskwrdl kalmaras; caviar(e) /'krevi,a:/ ikrai
poultry: chicken visciukas, vistiena; chicken broth sultinys; duck antiena; egg; egg in its shell nenuluptas kiausinis;hard I soft-boiled egg; scrambled egg(s) plakta kiausiniene; bacon and eggs; shell an egg nulupti kiausini; white I yolk/j'duk/ of an egg baltymas I trynys; goose (pl geese); omlet(te); pheasant I'fezntl fazanas; turkey I't3:kil kalakutas
dairy products: butter; cheese; cheese sandwich; cream grietineIe; sour cream grietine; ice-cream ledai; curds Icottage cheese varske; yoghurt I'jog'dt/; milk; skimmed I whole milk nugriebtas I nenugriebtas pienas
fruits: apple; apricot; avocado; banana; cherry vysnia; coconut kokosas; lemon; orange; mango; melon;nectarine; peach Ipi:tSI persikas; pear Ipe'dl kriause; pineapple ananasas; plum slyva; pomegranate I'pomr,gnen'dt Igranatas; tangerine /,trend3'd'ri:nI mandaxinas; grapefruit; watermelon arbuzas
vegetables: asparagus; aubergine; beans pupos, pupeles; beetroot burokelis; cabbage I'krebrdy kopustas; carrot morka;cauliflower /'kolr,flau'd/ ziedinis kopustas; celery I'sel'dril salieras; cucumber /'kju:kAmb~/ agurkas; garlicl'go:lrkl cesnakas;leek poras; lettuce f'leusl salotos; mushrooms; peas Ipi:zl zirniai; potatoes; pumpkin moliugas; radish l'rredrSI ridikelis;tomato /t~'ma:t~m/ pomidoras
berries: bilberry melyne; cranberry spanguole; currant l'kAr'dntl serbentas; black I red I white currant; gooseberryagrastas; grape vynuoge; raspberry aviete; strawberry braske; wild strawberry zemuoge
nuts: almond I'o:m'dndl migdolas; cashew nut /'kreSu:,n!l.tI anakardzio riesutas; peanut zemes riesutas; pistachionut Ipr'sto:Si'du,n!l.t/ pistaeija; walnut graikiskas riesutas; hazelnut lazdyno riesutas
spices: cinnamon I'sIn'dm'dn I; ginger I'd3rnd3'd1 imbieras; nutmeg l'OAt,megi muskato riesutas; horse radish krienai;mustard I'm!l.st'dd 1 garstyCios; pepper pipirai; paprika; vinegar I'vrnrg'dl aetas
sweet foods: chocolate; hot chocolate; jam; honey; marmalade; sweet; biscuitl'brskrtl sausainis; cake; pie IpaIl pyragaitis (suidaru); tartlto:t1 vaisinis pyragaitis
beverages 1drinks: beer Ibr';)l alus; champagne/,Jrem'pern/; cocoa I'k~uk~ul kakava; Coca-Cola (coke); cocktail; coffee (black,with milk); make coffee; juice; lemonade; milkshake pieno kokteilis; mineral water; soda water; tea; wine; whisky;fizzy gazuotas, purslojantis, burbuliuojantis; still negazuotas
ways of cooking foodcook gaminti (valgO She cooked the chicken. make She made coffee while the guests were finishing their dessert.bake barbecue l'bo:br,kju:1 kepti ant zarij~; boil virti; fry Ifrar! kepti (riebaluose ar aliejuje); grill kepti (antgrotelit{); roast kepti (orkaiteje); simmer; steam; stew
ways of preparing foodprepare ruosti Wash your hands before preparing food. cut pjau(sty)ti; grate tarkuoti; grind coffee malti kav't mashtrinti, grusti (bulvil{ ko§~); mince malti (mesq); mix; peel (nu)lupti, (nu)skusti; pile; slice; sprinkle; stir maisyti
flavours and tastes: sweet; salty; bitter kartus; sour; hot 1 spicy astrus, pikantiskas; bland; mild; delicious / tasty 1yammy (informal) skanus; tasteless; taste How does your salad taste? Would you like to taste this pie? I don't likethe taste. overcooked 1 overdone pervir((s; perkepintas; undercooked 1 underdone neisvir((s, neiskep((s; done to aturn: just perfect, not overdone This chicken's done to a turn.
nutrients: carbohydrates, fats, fibre, minerals, proteins, starch Ista:tSI krakrnolas; vitamins I'vIt'dmrnzl
meals: breakfast; lunch; dinner; supper; snack 1bite lengvas uzkandis; have a snack I'd like to have a snack beforegoing to the cinema. meal: the food taken at one time She eats three meals a day.
substantial meal/s!l.b'strenSII sotus maistas; dish: food prepared for the table There are five meat and three fish dishes.course: a division or part of a meal Whats the main course? dessert /d'd'Z3:t/ desertas; starter 1 hors d'oeuvre /,'J:'d3:vzluzkandis; refreshments ufrandziai; gerimai
eating and drinking outrestaurant I'rest('d)ront/; snack bar; cafe I'krefer!; pub aline, smukle; bar; self-service 1help-yourself savitarna; fastfood; waiter padavejas; waitress padaveja; menu I'menju:/; on the menu There was no roastbeef on the menu.choose (chose, chosen); order uzsakyti; uzsakymas Please, take my order. What would you like to order? bills~skaita; receipt cekis, kvitas I paid the bill and he gave me a receipt. change gqza; leave 1 give a tip palikti 1 duotiarbatpinigi~ Shall we leave a tip for the waiter? service; service charge aptarnavimo mokestis; treat sb to sth vaisintiShe treated us to a very delicious cake. pass Pass me the salt, please. help oneself to pasiimti, pasivaisinti Please,help yourself to some more cake. helping porcija (patiekiamas maisto kiekis) He asked for a second helping of the cake.portion porcija (vienu metu suvalgomo maisto kiekis) If you eat smaller portions, you will begin to lose weight. heartyeater megejas gerai pavalgyti; have a sweet tooth / be sweet-toothed My friend has a sweet tooth. Mano drauge -didele smaliZe. recommend What would you recommend?
VOCABULARY
1 Work in pairs. Add three more items to each list. Use a dictionary if necessary. After you havefinished, join another pair and compare your lists.
Wild mammals:Domestic animals:Reptiles:Birds:Insects:Molluscs & Invertebrates:Trees:Flowers:
dolphin, badger, cheetah, ; , , .goat, turkey, sheep, , , .lizard, python, grass-snake, , , .eagle, owl, hawk, , , .cockroach, fly, wasp, , , .octopus, snail, jelly-fish, , , .birch, lime, maple, , , .lilac, carnation, poppy, , , .
1 a hot day2 a climate3 cold
4 a cloud5 a spell6 rain
CI~DcEtter~
7 a wind8 fog9 weather
3 Complete the collocations below by adding an appropriate noun. Some can combine with more thanone noun.
disasterresources
fuelsfumes
1 recycled .2 nuclear .3 tropical .4 acid .5 global .
rainforestchanges
energyeffect
pollutionrain jams
layer gaseswaste products
transportwarming
6 air .7 natural .8 exhaust .9 solar .10 greenhouse .
humid(thick) fog
smog sleetpouring
overcastdownpour
fine mildscorching
1 Cloudy air near the ground that is difficult to see through.2 A short period of heavy rain.3 Dark and with clouds.4 Weather when the air feels hot and wet.5 Snow and rain falling together.6 Describes very cold weather.7 When it rains heavily, we can say 'It's down.'
11 clean .12 sea .13 ozone .14 traffic .15 public .
unsettled / changeablefreezing / bitterly cold
8 Describes extremely hot weather.9 Weather that often changes.10 Pleasant and warm.11 Describes warm and dry weather.12 A mixture of smoke and fog.
1 Insert the preposition which best fits each space. Use only one word in each space.
1 Winter sets in at the end December our parts. After a hard frost the rivers and pondsare frozen When the temperature falls twenty five degrees zero it gets freezingcold.
2 It was bright the morning, but it became quite dark later.3 The day started clear, but became cloudy midday.4 It looks like rain: the sky is covered dark clouds, a cold wind is blowing the sea.5 It's a lovely picture when everything is covered hoarfrost and glistens the sun.6 I prefer to stay indoors rainy weather.7 Nature looks its best early spring.8 Indian summer is a short period warm sunny weather the beginning autumn.9 The temperature has fallen zero and it is freezing.10 If the weather is fine, we can go the country Sunday.11 Many people are fond winter sports.12 It's pouring rain. You'd better stay indoors.
2 Read the text and look carefully at each line. In most of the lines there is an extra word that does notfit there. Underline the word and write it on the right. If a line is correct, put a tick (/). The first twoare given as examples.
This week in Sesimbra in Portugal the latest conferenceon the environment is being taking place. The wholeworld is been watching to see what happensas delegates from more than 75 countries discusswhat measures should need to be taken to reduce thefumes that do create the Greenhouse Effect. Theyhope as to agree on ways of reducing the amountof carbon dioxide and other many gases that wesend them into the atmosphere. These gases act the way agreenhouse does and, as a rule, the Earth isbeing getting hotter and hotter all the time. Thetemperature is rising gradually andin 100 years' time the Earth it will be hotter by about 4° C.The problem is getting most worse as more carsmake an appearance on our already crowded roads.The solution in Sesimbra that depends on what the US,the most powerful nation on Earth, feels it is in its interests.
o f. .o /;J,t;ing .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 .10 .11 .12 .13 .14 .15 .
Dolphins are not an only animals besides humans that usesounds in an apparent intelligent manner. Whales also usea complex system of sounds that is similar in much waysinto a human language. One type of whale even sings, and itssongs can go on for as longer as three or four hours. What is
o thf? .1 .2 .3 .4 .
more, they can been heard under water at distances of morethan 300 kilometres.Chimpanzees uses a system of different sounds to cOlIlJIlunicatewith each other. One type of cry is seeming to mean somethinglike 'danger in the air' or 'big bird' and another apparently mean'danger on the ground' or 'snake'. The first cry causes they tohide in holes or under trees and looking up in the sky. Whenthey hear a second cry, they hide in the upper branches of treesand stare nervously at the grass.
6 .7 .8 .9 .10 .11 .
4 Read the text carefully. Use the word given in brackets to form a word that fits in the sentence.
There (0 be) (?r.~ a lot of reasons why it is (00 importance) ..impfll:tant to save rainforests. One is thatmany plants which could be (1 use) in medicine (2 grow) in the rainforest. We (3 not /know) all the plants yet - there are thousands and thousands of them. (4 Research) aretrying to discover their secrets before they (5 destroy) The problem is that less than 50% of theworld's rainforests (6 exist) today. The rest (7 already disappear) .Rainforests (8 have) an important effect on the earth's climate. They are a (9 nature) .habitat for many species of animals, birds, insects and plants. We mustn't forget that plants produce oxygen,which is necessary for (10 live) on Earth. They also control the earth's temperature by (11 absorb)............... carbon dioxide. People (12 not / do) enough to save rainforests. Many (13 science)............... believe that temperatures (14 already rise) If the polar caps (15 melt) , the levelof the sea (16 rise) and cause terrible floods. We must do everything we can to prevent (17 globe)............... warming, and that (18 include) preserving the rainforests!
READING and SPEAKING
GREEN ISSUESYoung people today are more aware of the environmentthan ever before. This is the first really 'green' generation.But there are so many different green issues. There's thegreenhouse effect, acid rain, air pollution, nuclear waste,habitat destruction ... the list seems to go on forever.Which of these seems to you the most important, the mosturgent? Mark Farrell asked some teenagers in Londonabout their green priorities.A Nick, 17I'm a member of Greenpeace, and I go on any protestmarches or things that they might organise. I think themost important issue is nuclear power. The waste that itcreates is not being disposed of satisfactorily. This is aproblem because it takes so long - like thousands of years- to become safe. There's no acceptable way to store it inthat time. For example, at the moment it's buried in theground, and yet it's destroying the soil where it's buried.I mean, we can't predict what will happen in the future. Ifanybody happens to dig it up, it will destroy all the landaround. I think the government should close down thenuclear plants and stop producing nuclear waste. It'sdifficult to say what should happen about the waste thatis in existence at the moment. But definitely productionshould stop. I do think it's important to look at the issuesnow. Nuclear waste could potentially cause irreversibledamage. But overall I would say that I am fairly optimistic.
I think that the Earth has a way of getting round thesethings.B Sophie, 15I worry most about the rainforest. We learnt about it ingeography. Too much is being cut down for the benefit ofrich corporations. It is difficult to replant once it is cutdown, because the nutrients in the soil are washed away.The forest houses so many varieties of birds and otheranimals that do not exist anywhere else in the world. Whenthey lose their home, they become extinct. We should growour own supply of trees if we want to cut them down tomake paper. The other thing that bothers me is pollutionin the city. I go to school in London, where there's adisgusting grey smog most of the time. In the future peoplewill be working from home with computers. So there won'tbe so much traffic and so much pollution. I'm going towork from home I hope. In the meantime, I think morepeople should take a bus, or walk, or ride a bike instead ofdriving in their own cars.
e James, 17At the moment what's affecting us most is the greenhouseeffect, the climate changes all over the world, reducedrainfall, higher water levels, things like that. It's beingcaused by old fridges, aerosol cans ... but I'd say the mainoffenders are probably things like cars and coal-poweredpower stations.
Obviously they should try and make things more efficientwithin the power stations, and encourage people to bemore efficient in their homes. We need research anddevelopment into other sources of power such as solarpower, wind power and wave power. Nuclear energy is analternative, but in the long run we could end up regrettingit.
I use CFC-free aerosols. I like to recycle and things likethat, so resources aren't wasted - cans, bottles, papers,magazines, and anything like that I can find that willrecycle and that I don't need any more. I am optimistic. Ibelieve there's probably a wind of change.
D Claudia, 19There are lots of environmental problems - the greenhouseeffect, acid rain, the hole in the ozone layer, and so on.There's also air pollution causing asthma. And there'snuclear waste and other kinds of toxic waste. But myproblem is that I don't feel I can do anything about itmyself. It's all so big and out of control.For one thing, how can you have clear opinions about allthese scientific things? You would have to be an experton nuclear energy, on the weather, on chemistry, oneverything.And another thing - only the politicians are in a positionto do anything about it, and they don't seem to care that
much. It's not worth voting for the Green Party, becausethey're so small. And the other parties don't want to doanything serious because it would be unpopular. Isuppose in the end things will get so bad that they'll justha ve to do something.
E Nadia,17The main problem in my opinion is building roads, cities,factories, car parks, airports. Agriculture is bad as well.Soon there won't be any real countryside left. We're notleaving room for wildlife to survive. Habitat is the mostimportant thing for animals and plants. You can't savespecies by having a few individual animals in zoos aroundthe world.I'm particularly sad about the tiger. I think it's the mostbeautiful animal in the world. I just love to see tigersmoving about - even on TV They're so elegant and sostrong. They used to be hunted a lot, but that's not theproblem these days. Now they don't really have enoughof their own habitat left. Their forest is being used foragriculture. It's so sad ifthere isn't enough room on Earthfor humans and tigers.At the same time, I love cars. I'm learning to drive at themoment, and I would like a car when I get a job. I knowthat cars are part of the problem. But it's hard to applyyour ideas to your own life, isn't it?
Which of the teenagers:CQ.::ITI thinks the most important issue is nuclear powerI 1 I I believes that many species become extinct because the rainforests are being cut downo=r==J thinks the government should ban producing nuclear waste and close down
the nuclear plantsI 3 I I thinks there's no possibility for wildlife to survive~ says that other sources of energy should be researched and developed
5 I thinks more people should use public transport6 I is worried about nuclear waste being disposed in an improper way7 I doesn't believe that s/he, as an individual can do much about environmental problems8 I believes that things will get better in the future9 I is rather pessimistic about the willingness of the politicians and political parties to help
in solving environmental problems in the nearest future10 I is sad about the tiger being hunted and loosing its habitat
I 11 I I is sure that rich corporations make profit from cutting down the rainforests~ does something as an individual in order resources were not wastedI 13 I I is eager to drive a carI 14 I I thinks we should plant and grow trees for paper productionI 15 I I hopes that there will be less pollution and less traffic in the future because most people will be
working from home with computers
2 Highlight the following words in the text, look them up in a dictionary and write a sentence of yourown with each of these words.
issuewastesoil
rainforestextinctsupply
pollutiongreenhouse effectoffenders
speciesrecyclehabitat
3 Complete the following sentences using the information from the text.
1 Nick strongly believes that the government should .2 There are two things that Sophie is worried about, namely .3 James thinks that the greenhouse effect is caused by .4 There are many other sources of power such as .5 Claudia feels she cannot do anything about environmental problems because .6 In Nadia's opinion there won't be any real countryside left soon because .
4 Work in small groups. Discuss these statements. Which do you agree / disagree with? Why? Suchphrases as 'I agree strongly', 'I agree', 'It depends', 'I (totally) disagree', 'I'm afraid I don't agree withyou' can be of use.
• Animals should be kept in zoos.• People shouldn't buy clothes made of animal fur or leather.• It is wrong to kill animals for food.
/. Hunting and fishing are good, natural sports.r. Governments should spend more money to save rare animals that are in danger of becoming extinct.~. Millions of people starve to death every year. Governments should spend less money on animals and more
money on people._:. The world has become a better place to live in because of economic growth and development.
• The motor car was a terrible invention.I. It's better to live in a big city than in the country.·r. Any effort to save the world must start at home. There are lots of things you can do on a personalleveI.
• the reasons why people keep pets• the most common pets kept in this country• unusual pets some people keep and why
• the threats to the environment• the ways of protecting endangered species• the influence of the weather on your mood
6 Study the list of things that we face or consume every day. First pick the top five - the ones that youfeel are vitally important. Then in small groups discuss what you think we should or shouldn't do andalso give the reason why. Make use of the sentence starters given in the box and make full sentences.Use the verbs like give, sort, recycle, dispose of, consume etc.
We must ... because ...We shouldn't ... because ...
We mustn't because ...We might because ..,
We should because .We can't because .
wasterubbishcast-offsplastic carrier bagsexcess packagingpublic transportCFCsanimal testsbiodegradable productsunleaded petrolbottle bank and paper bank
reduce emissionsavoid wasteprotect naturedamage the ozone layercontribute to a better and safer futurebe environmentally-friendlybe cruel to animalsbe a bargain for someone elsebe a waste of moneybe a waste of energysave energy
7 Get into two teams and make a competition. Answer the following general knowledge questions about thenatural world.
1 Is a whale a fish or a mammal?2 Which reptile alive today is a descendant of the dinosaurs?3 Are the following trees deciduous or evergreen - elm, oak, pine?4 What does the bee take from flowers to make honey?5 Name as many animals that hibernate in winter as you know.6 Which is the fastest of all land animals?7 What plants or animals are the symbols of England, Scotland, Canada and New Zealand?8 Name as many endangered species of plants or animals as you know.9 Do you know any animals which are already extinct? Name them.
WRITING
Guidelines for writing reports
Reports are pieces of factual writing which are usually based on some type of research. There are manytypes of reports such as: survey reports, reports assessing good and bad points of something, travel reportsetc. Reports on events or experiences are written to inform a wide audience about an event, get theminterested or perhaps persuade them to do something. Below there is a plan of a report of this type, withquestions to guide you.
What is your report about?When / Where did the event(s) take place?Who was involved?
Why did the event(s) take place?What exactly happened?What did you do?
What did you see?What is your opinion?What did / didn't you like?How did you feel?
You should start your report by pointing out the recipient's name, the writer's name and the subject of yourreport. To: .
From: .Subject: .
Reports are organised in paragraphs which usually have sub-headings. Sub-headings are not used whenwriting news reports. A formal and impersonal style is normally used for all types of reports. Do not forgetthat the formal style includes: impersonal- not colloquial or chatty language; only facts - not insignificantdetails; use of reporting verbs and passive voice.
Below there is a plan of a report which can be used when assessing the good and bad points of something orwhen reporting on some general theme.
INTRODUCTION What is your report about?How did you get the information?
MAIN PART What points do you want to make about the subject?What do you know about each point?Are there any negative comments you would like to make?
CONCLUSION What conclusion have you come to?Are there any recommendations / suggestions you would like to make?
1 Read the report which a student has written for the school newsletter. Choose a suitable sub-headingfor each paragraph. The sub-headings are given in the box.
MrJohnson(the editor)Alice BrownExcursion to the zoo
From:Subject:
1 ..Jntr.Q.4.l!.c;(i(H1; .This report describes an excursion to the zoo, which was organised for Mrs Smith'sBiology class. The excursion took place on Wednesday 19th September.2 .As soon as we arrived, a zoo official greeted us and led us to an amphitheatrewhere we were shown interesting slides of some endangered species and animalswhich are on the verge of extinction. Each of us was given a map of the zoo incase we got lost.3 .After that, we were taken to the aquarium, where we were shown many different species of marine life. Eventhough the sharks were extremely interesting, most of the students enjoyed watching the piranhas being fed.Furthermore, we were given the opportunity to touch the dolphins as well as feed them.4 .After we had lunch, we were taken on a tour of the Reptile Word. The reptiles varied in sizes and shapes, butwhat really got everybody's attention was a man who was extracting the venom from a snake.S .Before we were taken back to our bus, we were given badges and posters as souvenirs and were invited tovisit the zoo again.6 .In general, it was a very busy and tiring day, but from my point of view it was extremely useful and interesting.We all had a good chance to learn a lot about many different kinds of animals.
UnderwaterWorld
You have carried out a survey among your school students to find out how they think your school couldhelp the environment. Write a report for the headteacher of the school saying what you have found outand making suggestions for the actions to be taken by the school.
Introduction • the report is the result of a survey• you carried out the survey in the school
The present situation • many students come to school by car• the schoolyard and the park near the school are full of litter
Suggested actions • more students should walk or cycle to school • a safe place for bicycles• to organise a day out to the park to clean it • more recycling bins
Conclusion • measures would help the environment and would educate the students
It is important that everyone does whatever they can to protect the environment. 1•..•••••..•..••••...••..•... ,
everyone can take part in recycling. If the local council placed recycling bins for aluminium cans,bottles and paper on every street, residents would be more willing to do their part in recycling becausethe bins would be near their homes. 2••••.••..•••••••••..••.•••• , the residents of a neighbourhood could gettogether to plant trees and clean their parks once a month. 3 , local schools shouldorganise days out to the parks and clean them up. 4••.••..•..••••.•.•...•..•.. , advertisements promoting theprotection of the environment should be put up around the neighbourhood in order to remind everyoneto be environmentally friendly. 5 , it is clear that everyone can help to protect theenvironment, and they can start by keeping their neighbourhood clean. If everyone made an effort, wewould definitely live in a much cleaner world.
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ADDITIONAL WORD BANKanimalsantelope I'rentI,I;mpl antilope; badger l'bred3;JI barsukas; bear Ibe;JI lokys, meska; beaver I'bi:v;JI bebras; camell'kremVkupranugaris; cheetah l'tfi:t;JI gepardas; deer (pI. deer) IdI;JI elnias; dolphin I'doIfml deIfinas; elephant l'elIf;Jnt! dramblys;elk leIkJ briedis; ferret I'fent! seskas; fox Ifoksl lape; giraffe 1d3;"l'ra:fl zirafa; guinea pig l'gmI pIgl jiiros kiaulyte; hamsterI'hremst;JI ziurkenas; hare Ihe;JI kiskis, zuikis; hedgehog l'hed3,hogl ezys; hippo (potamus) l'hIp;JU, ,hlp;J'pot;Jm;Jslhipopotamas, begemotas; jaguar l'd3regju;JI jaguaras; kangaroo l,krel)g;J'ru:1 kengiira; leopard I'Iep;Jdl leopardas; lionI'Ial;JnJ Iiiitas; lynx Ihnksl liisis; mink ImIl)kJ audine; monkey I'mAl)kil bezdzione; otter 1'0t;JI iidra; panther I'prenS;JIpantera; raccoon /r;J'ku:nJ meskenas; rhino(ceros) I'ram;Ju, ral'nos;Jr;Jsl raganosis; roe Ir;Jul stirna; seal Isi:V ruonis;squirrel I'skWlr;JI! vovere; tiger l'talg;JI tigras; walrus l'w::dr;JsI jiiros veplys; whale IwelI! banginis; wild boar I'waIld 'b:J:Isernas; wolf (pI. wolves) IwuIfl vilkas; zebra I'zebr;JI zebras
birdscrow Ikr;Jul varna; eagle l'i:gII ereIis; emu l'i:mju:1 emu (Australijos paukStis); hawk Ih:J:kl vanagas; nightingaleI'naltll),gelI! lakstingala; ostrich I'ostnt;fl strutis; owl lauI! peleda; parrot I'prer;Jt! papiiga; peacock I'pi:,kokJ povas;penguin I'pel)gwml pingvinas; pigeon J'pld3;JnJ balandis; robin J'robm/ Iiepsnele; seagull J'Si:gAII zuvedra; sparrowl'sprer;Jul zvirblis; stork Ist:J:kJ gandras; swallow J'swo\dul kregzde; swan IswonJ gulbe; woodpecker J'wud ,pebl genys
reptilescrocodile l'krob,dalI! krokodilas; grass-snake I'gra:ssnelkJ zaltys; lizard l'IIZ;JdJ driezas; python J'paISnJ smauglys;rattlesnake J'rretl,snelkJ barskuole; snake IsnelkJ gyvate; tortoise l't:J:t;JsI sausumos vezlys; turtle I't3:tV jiiros vezlys
amphibiansfrog Ifrogl varIe; salamander l'sreI;J,mrend;JI salamandra; toad It;JudJ rupiize
molluscs and invertebratesearthworm J'3:S,W3:rnJ sliekas; jelly-fish 1'd3eh,fIII mediiza; octopus l'okt;Jp;JsI astuonkojis; oyster J':JIst;JIaustre; snailIsneIV sraige; worm IW3:rnJkirmeIe
fishcarp Jka:pl karpis; cod IkodJ menke; crawfish vezys; eelli:V ungurys; goldfish J'g;JuId,fIII auksinis karosas; aukse;herring J'henl)l siIke; perch IP3:t;f1eserys; pike IpalkJ Iydeka; plaice IpIeIs/ pIeksne; salmon I'srem;Jn! lasisa; sardineIsa:'di:n! sardine; shark IIa:kJ ryklys; trout Itraut! upetakis
insectsant lrent! skruzdeIe; bee Ibi:1 bite; butterfly J'bAt;J,flaii drugeIis; cockroach J'kokr;Jut;f1 tarakonas; fly lf1aIl muse;gnat/nret! uodas, grasshopper I'gra:shop;"ll ziogas; ladybug !'Ieldi, bAgl boruze; mosquito Imo'ski:t;Jul uodas; moth/moSIkandis; spider I'spald;JI voras; wasp Iwospl vapsva; tick erke
treesalder 1':J:Id;JIalksnis; ash lreJ! uosis; asp Irespi drebuIe; beech Ibi:t;fl bukas; birch Ib3:t;f1bedas; elm leIrnJ guoba; fir If3:1egle; lime JlaIrn! Iiepa; maple ImelpI! klevas; mountain I wild ash sermuksnis; oak l;JukJ 'tzuoIas; pine IparnJ pusis; poplarJ'pop\dl tuopa; willow I'wIl;Jul gIuosnis, karklas
flowersaster l'rest;JI astra; bluebell I'bIu: ,beV katileIis; carnation I,ka: 'nelIn! gvazdikas; daffodill'drefddlI! geltonasis narcizas;daisy J'delzil ramune; forget-me-not If;J'getmi: ,not! neuzmirstuole; lilac !'IaIl;JkJ alyva; lily !'IIlil IeIija; lily of thevalley 1,!IIi;JVO;J'vreIeIl pakalnute; pansy I' prenzil nasIaite; poppy I'popil aguona; ruth lru: SIrota; snowdrop I' sn;Ju, droplsnieguoIe; tulip J'tju:hpl tuIpe; violet I'val;JI;Jt! zibuokIe
VOCABULARY
The Daily Sun is a very good newspaper. It has all the latest 1............•............. , and there is also an excellent2•......................•.. page with well-written and interesting 3 ........•................. of football and hockey matches.The middle pages contain two crossword 4 ......••.••••......•••••• and some very well-drawn 5•••••••••••••••••.••.•••••• offamous people and events. Finally, there are always interesting 6•.........•...•..•.•.....•. to the editor.
2 Here are some words and phrases connected with the media. Think over their meanings in Lithuanianand then write sentences of your own.
1 to catch the news2 a quality newspaper3 the biggest circulation4 a very readable paper
5 to be delivered6 a tabloid newspaper7 to browse8 to be hooked on the Internet
9 the classified ads10 a couch potato11 paparazzi12 to broadcast
3 What type of TV programme are you probably watching if you see the following? Match the descriptionson the left with the programmes on the right.
1 People trying to answer questions.2 Actors doing and saying funny things.3 People discussing politics.4 The animal life in Antarctica.5 Guns, murder and police.6 A long interview with a famous person.7 The everyday life of the same group of people.8 Characters played by moving drawings, not people.9 Someone talking about a new soap powder.10 A person telling you what happened today.
a) a detective seriesb) a commercialc) a soap operad) a comedy seriese) a talk showf) a current affairs programmeg) a nature documentaryh) the newsi) a quiz showj) a cartoon
presenternewsflashdrama
newscaster broadcast episode switch on / off series cartoonviewer commercial quiz repeat sitcom announcer producer
comedy host interviewer documentary talk show turn up / down
~
@driV"0Grintv c:&py dijD C!i.yboa;V ~
0..ouse mat/pad ~
1 a set of keys that operate a computer .2 a small flat circular object on which large amounts of information can be stored to be used by a computer .3 the part of a computer which is used to pass information to or from a disk .4 a piece of electronic equipment that allows information to be sent from one computer to another .5 the flat part in front of a computer which you look at .6 a machine linked to a computer for printing text onto paper .7 a small flat thing of plastic for storing information from a computer .8 a small object that you move with your hand to operate a computer .9 the flat piece of rubber or plastic which is used under a mouse .10 the central unit which is used for processing data .
6 The digital revolution has produced changes in the English language. Here are some examples of thesechanges. Fill in the gaps using the definitions.
an error in computer programto start a computerto break a computer codeto move around the Internet
a person who illegally copies softwarean insulting or unfriendly e-maila rich successful person in the computer industry
Word Original meaning New meaning
to boot to kick 1 .. fa. ,5.(art. /1..(:Qmp.lf.ler. ............a bug a small insect 2 ............................................
to surf to ride on a board on the waves of the sea 3 ............................................
a pirate a person who robs ships at sea 4 ............................................a geek an entertainer who bites the heads off live chickens 5 ............................................to crack to make something split 6 ............................................a flame a red or yellow burning gas 7 ............................................
Media HypeThe mass media (1 refer) to the people and organisations that (2 provide) .news and information for the public. Until recently these (3 be) mainly newspapers, radioand television. Today, computers (4 play) a very important part. The Internet (S be).......................... a computer system that (6 allow) millions of people around the world toreceive and (7 exchange) information about almost anything. Ordinary post (8 take).......................... over bye-mail which (9 stand) for electronic mail because it (10 send).......................... and received via a computer. It (11be) a system that (12 allow) .people to send messages to each other quickly and cheaply. Now ordinary post (13 refer) toas 'snail mail' and one (14 wonder) if the postman is a job in danger of extinction.
1 I hardly ever browse ......................... the ads. on2 Is it risky to be hooked ......................... the Internet? down3 You can't keep in touch ......................... what's happening if you don't read the papers. on4 It's boring - let's switch ......................... to another channel. through5 Turn the sound ......................... , it's a bit loud. with6 My mother always listens ......................... the nine o'clock news bulletin every night. on7 Don't turn the TV ......................... - I'm trying to read. to8 What time is the film ......................... ? up9 Do you subscribe ......................... any newspaper? to10 I have a radio, but I seldom turn it ......................... except for concerts. over
3 Fill in the gaps in the text with a suitable word from the bank given. There are more words thannecessary.
it's toinventions
werewas
for suchprovides
despiteon
almostabout
itstalking
comfortablydeny
Television is one of the most important 1.•......................• of the twentieth century. The first TV programme2 ....................•.•.• broadcast in 1929, and by the beginning of the 1950s, 3 every home had atelevision set. For the first time, people were able to watch historical events, 4..•....••••...••••......• as man's landingon the moon, in their homes. However, since 5.................•....•.. appearance, there has been a lot of disagreement6 ••••••••••.••••••••....•• the benefits oftelevision. Many people blame it 7•••.....••.•....••...••.. the lack of communicationin today's society. Instead of 8.•...............•....... or playing games in the evenings, families prefer to watch theirfavourite programmes. People have become couch potatoes, sitting 9 ....•.•.•................ in front of the TV andeating junk food. However, 10•••••••••••.•••..•••••••• these drawbacks no one can 11••••...................•• the variety andinterest television 12•..•••••••.........••..•.. Nowadays, hundreds of channels are available. More than ever before,television offers us a window 13 .............•........... the world.
4 Fill in the gaps with only one word which fits each space best.
Living in the Electronic AgeAll my friends 1•••••••••••••....••••.... I know how to use a computer. We spend lots 2•.............••..•...... time playingcomputer games and surfing 3.........•............... Net. However, recently I have started to worry that we rely4 ..................••.•••• much on electronic gadgets. There was time when people managed 5.•........••••.•••••••... writeand think using their brains, now people can't 6.•.....•••••••••.•••..... anything without using machines. There7 ....•......•••..••.•••••• so many people who depend on electronic gadgets completely. 8 .••••......•..•.....••.•• instance, myparents and many of 9...........•...•••••••••• friends sit at home in the evening and watch television. They don'trealise 10 .......••..••.•••........ all those things that television promises us: love, sex, friendship n .
not true. A plastic box can't give us any 12••.•.•••••••••••••••••••• those. I believe, that our descendants won't haveanything to do 13 .............•..•........ television. They'll be shocked 14 .•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•...•• what we did with our time.Someone has calculated that 15 average time that people spend watching TV is four hours aday. It means that one day a week they do 16•.••.•.•.•.•...•....•..•• but sit and stare. We can make more calculationsand find 17 ....•...•....•...•.•...•. how much of our life we spend watching TV.Of course, there are many electronic gadgets that save time, though some of them take time 18 .
I am 19 favour of some gadgets, but I am strictly against our lives being dependent20......................... pushing a button.
5 Use the word in capitals to form a word that fits suitably in the blank space. Make any changes that arenecessary.
About the InternetTh I t t . t" 0 interconnection f t ke n erne III compu er SCIence IS an open 0 ne wor sthat 1 connected computers to communicate2•.•.•.•.•.•...•••.••.•.• In 1996 there were about 30 million computers connected via theInternet. One important 3 available for the public is e-mail(or 4 ...............•......•.... mail), which allows a message to be sent from one computerto one or more of computers. One unique feature of e-mail is the 5..................•....
it gives a group of people with a common interest to join a 6 ..•..........•.•.•.•... list and7 ....•............................... receive the same mail. The World Wide Web also allows8 to create and use documents which are linked across the Internetto form an 9 ••.•.••.•••.•.••••.•..•.•.•.•.•... supply of information about almost any subjectunder the sun. If you are 10••..••.•.•....••..•.•.•.• to the Internet, you can find particularinformation or just browse. The Internet continues to grow 11•.••.•.••..•••..••.••••••••.••
It is 12•.•.•.••.••••••.••.••.•.•.•. that in the year 2010, there will be at least 500 millionpeople on the system enjoying virtual 13•..................•..••.•.•....
INTERCONNECTABLEDIRECTSERVEELECTRONICSPOSSIBLEMAILAUTOMATICUSEENDCONNECTRAPIDBELIEVEREAL
Newspaper Type Circulation Topics
The Daily TelegraphThe Sun
Probably in no other country as in Britain there are suchgreat differences between the various national dailynewspapers - in the type of news they report and the waythey report it. On the one hand, there are the 'quality'newspapers: The Times, The Independent, The Guardian,The Financial Times and The Daily Telegraph. Theseconcern themselves, as far as possible, with factual reportsof major national and international news stories, with theworld of politics and business and with the arts and sport.'Quality' newspapers are also called broadsheets as theyuse the large page format. On the other hand, there are the'populars' or 'tabloids', so-called because of their smallersize. The tabloids - the most widely-read of which are TheDaily Mail, The Daily Express, The Daily Mirror, The Sunand The Daily Star - concentrate on more emotive reportingof stories often featuring sex, violence, the Royal Family,
film and pop stars, and sport. It is often said that the popularpress aims to entertain its readers rather than inform them.The tabloid press is far more popular than the quality press.The most popular quality paper is The Daily Telegraphwith a circulation of around 1,100,000 per day, comparedwith The Sun s circulation of over 4,000,000. Of course, morethan one person usually reads each newspaper that is sold(the readership of The Sun, for instance, is probably over11,000,000 per day). It is estimated that two out of everythree adults regularly read a national daily newspaper, andthat three out of four adults regularly read a local newspaper.This means thatthe British are one of the biggest newspaper-reading nations in the world. In addition to the 12 nationaldaily newspapers there are 9 national papers which arepublished on Sundays.
1b) Look at the following list and decide in which type of newspapers either tabloids (T) or quality newspapers(QN) they are likely to occur.
1 Sensational headlines .2 Emotional language .3 Objective reporting .4 Balanced comment .5 Great use of pictures .
6 Formal style .7 Short sentences .8 Exaggeration .9 Factual information .10 Celebrity gossip .
The Internet is fast becoming the contact medium for thenew millennium.Although sitting in front of a computer seems a particularlylonesome pursuit, the truth is that the vast majority of peoplewho surf the Net are there in search of social interaction -real contact and companionship, not just informationoverload. The most fundamental law of contact on the Netis communication. The basis is always about pursuing someinterest with like-minded people or just shooting the breeze*about nothing in particular.
Connecting peopleThese days you don't even have to leave your room to getin touch with people who have similar interests to yoursright from the start. And, what's more, distance needn't bea problem. One of the best places to meet and greet peopleis IRC*, This collection of online forums or newsgroupscontains postings from people who have asked for someinfo, and answers from those who have replied. If you learnhow to use the anonymous posting programs that are around,you don't even have to reveal your real name or location.Another advantage is that since no one can see you, youcertainly don't have to worry about looking your best allthe time. Indeed, as on line goes virtual, you could createvisual images of yourself that suit your mood or contactee.And it goes without saying that engaging in a heavy romanceon line is the last word in safe sex. Cyberspace viruses maykill your computer but they won't kill you.
Near - yet farThere are, of course, drawbacks to this new medium.Ironically, the very technology that pulls most peopletogether also keeps them apart. After a while, the safe senseof distance that, at first, seems so liberating to newbies* onthe Net, can become an obstacle to letting the friendshipdevelop further. Some may begin to feel that particularlyhuman sense of unease that something is missing from afriendship conducted via* machines.'As people, we need a tactile* physical presence to make acomplete bond. We need to see their face, see their gestures
and smell their breath,' points out psychologist MichelleWeil of Orange, California.Nevertheless, on a romantic level, psychologists claim thatthe Net is a successful medium, particularly so for women,whose on-line affairs are conducted at a level of thoughtsand feelings, not just appearances.'It forces men to do something they don't normally engagein: communication,' says psychologist Al Cooper of theSan Jose Marital and Sexuality Centre.But when eye to eye contact is missing, what about thehuman urge to exaggerate, fantasize, or just plain lie? It's afact that some marriages are truly made in cyberspace, butthere are just as many romantic disappointments. Take thecase of the unfortunate middle-aged man from Boston whothought he was having a steamy* Internet affair with a 23-year-old woman, only to discover that 'she' was an 80-year-old man in a Miami nursing home. The question is, howwrong was the deception*, given the satisfaction the twogot from the romance before the truth was revealed.Surfing the Net for contact, romantic or otherwise, alsosatisfies our need to daydream and liberate ourselves fromour sometimes dreary* reality. Indeed it may be the closestwe may ever get to reinventing ourselves and having morethan one life.
Risks of the NetBut isn't that open to abuse? Couldn't people be misledand harmed? The answer to those questions is, in allprobability, yes. But only as much as magazines, pictures,videos and the like have harmed us in the past. As with allother media, on-line communication does have its dark sidebut then, so does the telephone, if it's used improperly.Until the Net is more carefully regulated, all surfers run therisk of lurkers* secretly tapping into their private Internetconversations and crackers* unlocking their passwords andaccessing their most personal details. Navigators on theNet may get into murky* waters. Still, many people thinkit's worth the risk to reach out and be carried along on awave of imagination, creativity, poetry and who knows -romance ...
GLOSSARY:to shoot the breeze: to spend time talking about unimportant things; IRC(Internet Relay Chat): a virtual meeting placewhere people from all over the world can meet and talk; newbie: someone who has just started to use the Internet; via:using a particular method to send or deliver smth; tactile: concerning the sense of touch; steamy (infml): sexuallyexciting; deception: the act of tricking someone by telling them sth that is not true; dreary: making you feel boredand unhappy; lurkers: people who wait hiding in order to frighten, annoy or attack someone; crackers: people whodeliberately break sth open to get what is inside; murky: dark and difficult to see through
SummaryThe Internet is becoming the contact 1........................•...• for the new millennium. It may seem that sitting
in front of a computer is a lonesome occupation. Actually, the greater part of people who surf the Net arelooking for 2 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• and 3•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• It is so pleasant to talk to people 4 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
the same ideas and interests with you. You can make 5 and get 6 justsitting at the computer. One of the best places to meet and greet people is IRe. If you know how to use theanonymous programs you don't have to reveal your real name or address. You can even have 7............•...............•
on line not worrying about your looks. You can 8 to be and look whatever you like.But, of course, 9••.••...••..••••......•..•.•. through this medium has got disadvantages as well. A pleasant sense of
distance only at first seems liberating. Later you may begin feeling 10•.•••.......••..•...•.••••••• of human physicalpresence. You want to see your Net partner's face and gestures or smell the breath. Despite 11•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
of real personal image, a romantic affair on the Net is quite possible, especially for women whose feelings aremore 12...•..•••..•••..•......••..•• by words and thoughts, not just appearances. The Net makes men also do what theyusually are unlikely to do - to communicate. There are even some cases of marriages in cyberspace, but thereare quite many cases of 13 , too. Imagine how distressed you would feel if your imaginarybeloved person of 23 appeared to be an 80-year-old man or woman. On the other hand, surfing the Net fordistant contacts helps us to 14•••••...••.•..••••••••••••..• from dreary reality and reinvent ourselves.
We also have to 15 ....................••....... that the Net is open to abuse. People can be misled and harmed. Butmagazines, pictures, videos, the telephone can harm too, if used improperly. We have to be aware that lurkerscan secretly tap our conversations, crackers can unlock our passwords and get 16 .•....•..............•....•.. to ourpersonal details. In spite of all these 17••..••.••..••••••••••••••••.. millions of people think it's worth the risk to open thegate into the world of imagination, creativity, poetry and maybe romance.
3 Read the text again and answer the following questions.
1 What does the majority of people surf the Net for?2 What are the advantages of communicating on the Net?3 What are the drawbacks of it?4 How do people tend to behave when eye-to-eye contact is missing?5 What kinds of risks do surfers face on the Net?6 Why do people like taking risks?
1 a meeting with someone2 a thousand years3 thinking in the same way4 benefit5 to make known or seen
6 to set free7 a disadvantage8 a strong desire to do sth9 to treat somebody or something badly or violently10 a secret code
5 Write the corresponding nouns used in the text and translate them into Lithuanian. The first has beendone for you as an example.
Word Noun Lithuanian
1 deceive deception apgavyste, apgaule2 contact3 interact4 pursue5 locate6 distant7 romantic8 present9 m~or
( \( 10 real (
1 slaptazodis2 informacijos perteklius3 pokalbis4 rysiq priemone5 kontaktuotojas6 pasalUnas7 isibrovelis8 apgavyste9 bendravimas10 intemeto naujokas
____ RM ______ RS _
MM _WB
7 Give a brief talk on the newspaper or magazine published in Lithuania or abroad. Plan your presentationfollowing the instructions given below.
Start by giving some background information about the newspaper / magazine. You can talk, for example,about its circulation, readership and its history.
Then present the newspaper / magazine in detail, talking about its choice 0:- : - ":;:~esand other featurestypical of its content (culture, feature articles, s~orts ~ages, ad\1ert.\semems, dasslfled ads, use 01pictures etc).
Finish by telling your audience why you like to read this particular newspaper / magazine.
• which medium s/he gets most of the news from• what the most readable paper in Lithuania is• what its circulation is• if s/he buys papers or subscribes to• what kind of things s/he likes to read in particular• ask her / him to recall a news story that has caught her / his eye recently
9 Work in pairs. Discuss these questions with your partner.
1How much time do you spend watching television? What are your favourite types of programmes? What TVprogrammes do you never watch? 2 How many different television channels has your country got? What is thedifference between them? What channel do you watch most often? 3 Does Lithuanian TV produce goodprogrammes? 4 Why do some people like watching soap operas? 5 Why are so many people fond of watchingreality shows? What is your opinion of them? 6 Why is it useful to watch quiz shows on TV? 7 Some people saythat TV does more harm than good. What's your opinion? Do you think there is too much sex and violence onour TV? 8 Does the radio have any advantage over television-?
10 Work in pairs and discuss the changes in television since you were children. Use the present perfecttense and the prompts given below. Join another pair and compare your answers.
Example: Picture quality has got better.• programmes in general• amount of advertising• number of channels• picture quality
• price of TV sets• programmes for young people• number of educational programmes• transmission quality
11 Here are some statements on positive and negative aspects of television on our lives. Discuss them withyour partner and tell which ones you agree / disagree with. Explain why.
TV has an educational value. The news and documentaries can be very informative and educational. Grown-ups as well as children can learn a lot about the surrounding world.It is a useful babysitter when mothers are busy doing housework.TV is a cheap form of entertainment - you can watch movies and listen to music staying at home.Television is a good companion for lonely people.It is a good idea not to have a TV. Then you would have time.Television does not affect our minds as we don't remember much from it beyond how good or bad a programme was.There is too much sex, violence and terror on TV. The violence children witness on TV brutalises them. Therehave been many cases of crime when children imitated actions they saw on TV.Commercials for food, alcohol and other goods condition our minds.Television will never have the impact on civilisation that the invention of the written word has had.
12a) Work in groups. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of computers. Here are some ideaswhich may help you to support your point of view.
Advantages• You can access a lot of information.• Computers can do some jobs very quickly.• Computers let you communicate very quickly, bye-mail or using the Internet.• Computers make it possible to work from home.• Word processors make it easier to write letters and reports, and to do work for school or college.• Computers make learning more exciting.• Large amounts of information can be stored on computer in a database.
Disadvantages• Some people would prefer to deal with a person not a computer.• Computers get viruses.• Software often has bugs, and sometimes computers crash destroying all work.• Computer games can be very violent, which is harmful to children.• Information put on the Internet cannot be controlled, so criminals can use it.• Computers become old-fashioned very fast and need to be replaced.• If a computer breaks, not many people can fix it.
• how long you have been using a computer• what you use it for• what effects the Internet has on your life
• if s/he has got an e-mail address• how many e-mail messages s/he gets a day• if s/he answers them immediately or not• how many of the messages s/he saves and how many deletes• what messages s/he saves and which ones s/he deletes• if s/he gets a lot of spam (virtual ads) and what usually s/he does with it• which s/he prefers: to write an e-mail message, to write a regular letter or to talk on the phone
WRITING
Guidelines for writing e-mail (email) messagesE-mails between friends can be very informal but business e-mails may be either semi-formal or formaldepending on the individual relationship and what the e-mail contains. However, all e-mails should followcertain basic rules:
• Be consistent in style. Don't vary between formal and informal.• Layout is still important - remember to use paragraphs and proper sentences.• Keep it short and to the point. Always write a subject heading. This will give the recipient a good idea
of the contents of the message.• It is better to start a formal e-mail with Dear Mr / Dear Mrs Bell and end with Regards, Yours, Thank
you (if it was a request). Yours sincerely is not needed.• Begin an informal e-mail withjust a name Alan or Hi, Hello and finish with something short like Best,
Best wishes, All the best or just write your name.
Informal e-mailHi PatJust to remind - our school's anniversaryon 1st October. Hope to meet you at ourclass reunion party. Let me know ifyou're coming.Emily
Formal e-mailDear Mr BellI am writing to ask you if you would be able to give me moreinformation about the course organized at your school. I wouldbe interested in knowing what type of accommodation isoffered and what cultural facilities are available in your town.I would be grateful if you let me know as soon as possible.RegardsAlice Jackson
The advantages and disadvantages of the computerThe worldwide progress never stops and many agree that the electronics industry has been the fastest
developing industry for the last four decades. Undoubtedly, the personal computer or PC is consideredto be the most universal and fascinating tool humanity has ever invented. Still some people seem to beagainst the computer even now when we live in the age of new technologies. So what are the pros andcons of computers?
Using a computer is advantageous for many reasons. 1 , a PC is an ideal device forstudents to study. They write reports by computer, surf the Internet looking for necessary informationand perform various calculations. 2.•..•........••........•..• , time can be saved using computers in our dailylife activities. You can do the shopping, pay bills and withdraw money from your bank account with asingle click. Thus, once time-consuming and tiring operations have now become a matter of seconds.3••....•.••••......•••...... , computers can be educational and fun. Children gain basic computer skills workingthrough learning, drawing and playing programs.
4••..•.•.....•.•......•.•.•. , the negative aspects of the computer should also be taken into consideration.5 , computers promote unemployment. Many jobs have been lost due to the fact thatcomputers can do a lot of tasks more efficiently. 6..................••....... , computers have a negative impacton our health. Endless hours in front of a screen cause eye strain, headaches and weaken our bodyresulting in high blood pressure. 7•.•.••.•.••.•.•.•.•..•.•.•. , computers can be dangerous for children as childrenget addicted to them in an early age. Spending too much time at the computer they have no time to exerciseand socialise with friends. Besides, cruel computer games can make children violent and aggressive.
8••....•••........•.....•... , computers are a useful addition to our fast-moving world of high technology. However,considering the variety of their usefulness it must be remembered that they are here to senle us - not to replace us.
3a) Read the sample paragraph. Choose the correct underlined words / phrases to complete the sentences.
There are many reasons why people use computers. (1) As / In the first place. it is a modern and convenientmeans for working and communicating. Knowing how to use a computer makes one feel up-to-date andconfident. (2) Because / Another reason for using a computer is the time that can be saved. This is veryconvenient in the workplace, where work can be done very fast. (3) In addition to this / However. our everydaylife can be made easier. Daily procedures like shopping, bank operations, communication with friends can bedone with a single click. The reason why children and young people adore the computer is the fun it givesplaying games and surfing the Net. (4) In conclusion / As a result. it seems that computers playa significantrole in our lives and people use them for different reasons.
abuse 1:J'bju:sl grubiai elgtis, uigaulioti; piktnaudziautiaccess I'reksesl pasiekti, gautiaddicted 1:J'drktrdl ijunk«sadvertisement (ad) l:Jd'V3:tlsm:Jntl skelbimas, reklamaaffair 1:J'fe:JIatsitikimas, istorijaamount 1:J'mauntl kiekis; sumaannouncer /;/nauns:JI pranesejasavailable 1:J'verhbl/ galimas naudoti, turimasbenefitl'ben:Jfrtl naudablame (for) /blerrn/ kaltintibond Ibondl rysysbroadcast (broadcast, broadcast) /'bfJ:dka:st/ transliuotibrowse (through) IbrauzJ vartineti; ziUrineticalculation I,krelkju' lerJnl (ap)skaiCiavimas, (ap)svarstymascartoon Ika: 'tu:n1 karikatUra; animacinis filmascater /'kert:J1 tenkinti (reikmes); tiekti maist'l.celebrity IS:J'lebr:Jtil izymybe, garsi asmenybecircular l's3:kjul:J1 apskritas, apvaluscirculation /,s3:kju'lerfn/ tiraiascommercial Ib'm3:JI/ reklama per radij'l. ar TVcommission Ib'mrJnl komisiniai pinigai; uzsakymascommon I'kom;ml paprastas, plaCiai paplit«s; bendrasconcern Ibn's3:nl riipintis, nerimauticoncisely Ibn' sarslil glaustaicondition Ibn' drJnI s'l.lygoti, nulemticonduct Ibn' dAktl vesti, vadovauti; atlikticonsider Ibn'srd:JI apgalvoti, apsvarstyti; manyti, laikyticonsume Ibn'sju:rnI vartoticontent /'kont:mtl turinyscurrent I'kAf;mtl dabartinis, einamasiscyberspace I'sarb:J,spersl virtuali erdvedatabase l'dert:J, bersl duomenq bankasdeceive Idr'si:vl apgauti, suklaidintideliver Idr'lrv:JI pristatytideny Idr'narl neigtidevice Idr'varsl budas, priemone; prietaisasdigital I'c;hd3\t11 'iokaitmeninisdrawback I' dfJ:, brekl triikumaseditor /'edrt:JI redaktoriusefficiently Ir'frJntlil sumaniai, efektyviai, nasiaiencounter Irn'kaunt:JI susitikimas, susidurimasengage (in) Irn'gerdy' uzsiimti (veikla)entertain l,ent:J'ternl priimti, vaisinti; linksmintiepisode I'eprs:mdl serija, dalis; epizodas
equipment Ir'kwrpm;mtl iranga, irenginiaiexaggeration 1r9,zred3:J'rerJnl perdejimasexciting Irk'sartr1]1 jaudinantisextinction Irks'tr1]kJ:Jnl isnykimasgadget l'gred3rt/ itaisasgossip I'gosrpl apkalbos, paskaloshardware I'ha:d,wc:JI technine irangaharm Iha:rnI blogis, skriauda; pakenktiheadline /'hed,larnl antrastehooked Ihuktl on the Internet pamis,<s del intemetohost Ih:Justl vesti laid<t; laidos vedejashostess l'h:Justrsl laidos vedejaimpact I'rmprektl poveikis; itakaincrease Irn'kri:sl augti, didetiinsult Irn'sAlt! izeistiinteraction l,rnt:Jr'rekJnl s'l.veikainterviewer /'rnt:J,vju::J1 pokalbio vedejaskeyboard I'ki:,b::>:dl klaviatliralack /Irek/ stoka, stygiusliberate l'lrb:J,rertl islaisvinti, isvaduoti; paleistilink Ilr1]kl grandis; rysys, s'l.sajalonesome (mainly Am E) /'l:Juns(:J)rnI vienisasmeans Imi:nzJ priemone, budasmedium (pi media I mediums) /'rni:dr:JrnI informavimo priemonemurder l'm3:d:JI zmogzudystenewscaster I'nju:z,ko:st:J1 ziniq laidos vedejasnewsflash /'nju:z,flreJI paskutiniq ziniq santraukaobstacle l'obst:Jkl/ kliutisordinary 1'::>:dn(:J)ril iprastas, eilinisoverload 1,:Juv:J'hudl perkrautipaparazzi I ,prep:J' rretsil paparaciaipresenter Ipn'zent:JI laidos pranesejaspromote Ipr:J'm:Jutl paaukstinti; puoseleti; remtiprovide IprJ'vardl patiekti, pariipintipursue Ip:J'sju:1 t«sti, uisiimtipursuit Ip:J'sju:tl pomegis, megstamas uzsiemimasquiz JkwrzJ viktorinarapid /'rreprdl greitasregular l'regjuI:JI iprastas, normalus, paprastasrefer (to) In'hl uzsiminti apie, nurodyti; sietisreinvent I,ri:rn'ventl naujai atrasti; israsti dar kart'l.reunion /ri:'ju:nrJnl susitikimas (seimos, klases, mokyklos)reveal In'vi:1/ atskleisti; atidengtirob /robl apiplesti
schedule l'Iedju:l, 'skedju:l/ planas, tvarkarastissignificant Isr9' nrfrbn tl reiksmingassitcom I'srt,koml jumoristinis serialassoftware /'soft,wf:JI programine irangaspam Ispreml virtuali reklamaspeculate I'spekju,lertl speliotistore Ishl sukrauti, laikyti, saugotistrain Istrernl itampa, krUvissubscribe (to) ISdb'skrarbl prenumeruotisupply ISd'plar/ tiekti, apriipinti
tabloid I'trebbrdl populiarus mazo formato laikrastistransmission Itrrenz'mrInl perdavimasup-to-date I,Aptd'dertl siuolaikinis, modemus; naujoviskasurge 13:d31 knietejimas; didziulis norasvalue l'vrelju:1 verte, kainavia I'vard, 'Vi:dl per (biidu)viewer I'VjU:dl ziurovasviolence /'vardldnsl smurtas; siautejimasviolent I'vardldntl smurtinis, smarkus, umuswitness /'wrtndsl buti liudininku, paliudyti; liudininkas
ADDITIONAL WORD BANKmass mediamass media: means of communication which reach very large numbers of people; radio; listen to the radio; television(TV); to watch TV; cable television kabeline TV; satellite television; network tinklas, sistema; programmeprograma, laida; channel kanalas; broadcast (broadcast, broadcast) transliuoti This channel broadcasts sport matchesmostly. switch on 1 turn on ijungti; switch off I turn off isjungti; switch over I turn over perjungti Can i we switchover to Channel 4? turn up I down pagarsinti I pritildyti Will you turn down the sound, please? button mygtukas;remote control distancinis valdymas; TV aerial I'edndl/ antena
types of TV programmesthe news What time is the news on BBC? current affairs dienos aktualijos; commercial reklama per radij~ arba televizija..;sports programme; weather forecast; music programme; wildlife programme; documentary; feature film I moviemeninis filmas; soap opera; serial: a story that continues from one programme or episode to the next; a series: a numberof programmes about the same situation or the same characters in different situations; sitcom jumoristinis serialas; cartoonanimacinis filmas; game show: a programme on television in which people play games and answer questions in order to winprizes; quiz show: a programme in which people or teams compete against each other by answering questions; chat I talkshow: a show in which an interviewer and his 1her guests talk in a friendly way about different topics
equipmentrecorder magnetofonas; cassette recorder I player; tape recorder; video recorder; videotape vaizdajuoste; camerafoto aparatas; camcorder I video camera; record plokstele; a record player patefonas; compact disc (CD); CDplayer; high fidelity (hi-fi) system aukstos kokybes muzikinis centras; television set; Walkman ausinukas
types of newspapersA popular or tabloid newspaper focuses more on sensation than on real news, it prefers stories about film stars, crimes and theroyal family. A quality newspaper I a broadsheet professes to be more interested in real news than in sensation. A journal isthe name given to an academic magazine. A comic is a magazine, usually for children or teenagers.Parts of the newspaper: advertisements (ads); cartoons karikaturos; crossword kryziazodis; the editorial vedamasis;feature article terninis straipsnis; headline antraste; horoscope; the letters page; news I sports reports; business Ilocal I world news; review In'vju:1 apzvalginis straipsnissubscribe to a newspaper or a magazine prenumeruoti I started subscribing to a Sunday paper.daily; weekly; monthly; issue I'isju:, 'rIu:1 leidinys, numeriseditor redaktorius; columnist /' koldmnrstl apzvalgininkas; reporter
computers and computer equipmentcomputer; on I by computer The new information is available on (the) computer. Ticket reservations are all done oncomputer. The accounts are processed by computer. computer-literate: able to use a computer; computer program;computer programmer; computerize I computerise; IT / information technology: the study or the use of computersand other electronic equipment for storing, sending and developing information; hardware technine iranga (prieSpriesinantprograminei irangai); software programine iranga; program: a set of instructions that makes it possible for a computerto do a particular job; floppy disk diskete; modem vartiklis, modemas (prietaisas kompiuteriL{ telefoniniam rysiui);CD-ROM; laptop nesiojamas kompiuteris; keyboard klaviatUra; word processor programa, skirta laisklL pranesimll.ir 1ot.rasymui; virtual reality: the effect produced by using computer images to make places or situations seem almostreal when they are not; virus I'varrds/; database duomenll baze
the Internetthe Internet / the Net tarptautinis kompiuterill tinklas, intemetas; be on the Internet buti prisijungusiam prie intemetoAre you on the Internet? on the Internet per intemet'\., intemetu You can read some newspapers on the Internet.surf the Net narsyti po intemetq; WWW / World Wide Web: the system that stores information for computer usersaround the world to use; home page pirmasis tinklapio puslapis; online: online services, conversations, games etc thattake place or exist on the Internet; e-mail elektroninis pastas; be on e-mail: to have a computer that can send and receivee-mail messages; send sb an e-mail I e-mail pasillsti elektronin« zinut«; I will e-mail you about it.
1 n.ighL ..... .$.Q.c;.(qJ club..... (f!.'JJJ.~L .
4 ............................. holiday
7 ............................. culture
2 ............................. agency
5 ............................. custom
8 ................................ hotel
3 ............................. facilities
6 ............................. country
9 ............................. places
farawaypropercrowdedcheaporiginalstunningexpenSIvepeacefulfascinatingmodem
~
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3 Read the following description and replace the underlined words with the most suitable word from thelist given.
Scotland is la marvellous country! There are so many places for you to see and things to do that you'llhardly have time to rest while you're there.
A lot of places in Scotland are a(n) 2natural paradise, still untouched by men. Scotland's landscape is very3attractive with glens (narrow, deep valleys), wild mountains and deep lochs (a Scottish word meaning 'lake'). Thecapital of Scotland is Edinburgh, 4well-known for its castle and for the Edinburgh International Festival which isheld Severy year in August. Rich in history and steeped in tradition it has a timelessness which the bustle ofthemodem city cannot destroy.
Scotland is also the land of myths and mysteries: every 6ancient castle has its ghost, and who has neverheard of Loch Ness Monster? Nessie is said to be about six metres long, with a long thin neck, a 7small headand two or three humps. Since 1934, thousands of people have claimed to have seen this 8enormous animal.Scientists have investigated the loch and taken pictures, but no scientific explanation of the mystery has beengiven. Sightings of such monsters and 9strange beasts in lOlonelylakes could mean that animals exist that we stilldon't know about ...
the riverthe garage
the mountainsthe plane
the island seamy way to work
the west coast the rightthe station
hospitalthe airport
1 Look at those people swimming 2 There's something wrong with the car. We'dbetter stop 3 Last year we had a wonderful skiing holiday .4 There's nobody living It's uninhabited. 5 In most countries people drive...................................... 6 I usually buy a newspaper in the morning. 7 San Franciscois of the United States. 8 My train arrives at 11.30. Can you meet me....................................... ? 9 A friend of mine was injured in an accident a few days ago. She's still..................................... 10 Our flight was delayed. We had to wait for threehours. 11 I enjoyed the flight but the food wasn't very nice. 12 Paul works on ships.He is away most of the time.
USE of ENGLISH
1 Look at the picture and complete the sentences using the given prepositions. Some will be usedmore than once.
on top ofoutsidealong
abovebeyondthrough
onat
down
up in front ofzn beside by
below under
behindbetween
a(round)
insideamong
past
oppositeacross
off
- 12-rr·
1 The clouds are the plane. 2 The plane is the sky. 3 There is snow themountain. 4 There is a waterfall the bridge. 5 Trees grow the snowline. 6 The train is............... the bridge. 7 There is a hut the trees. 8 Two people are climbing the mountain.9 One person is coming the path. 10 The valley lies the two mountains. 11 The bridgestretches the valley. 12 The tunnel goes the mountain. 13 The river flows thebridge. 14 The river runs the road. 15 A fisherman is sitting the river. 16 There are a lotof fish the river. 17 There is a telephone the crossroads. 18 There is a line of people............... the phone box. 19 The traffic is going the road. 20 The motorbike is going thecomer. 21 The cow is the phone box. 22 The van is driving the cow. 23 The car is................. the van. 24 There are lots of people the bus. 25 The cyclist is the bus. 26 Thecar is parked the road.
1 They live Oxford Street number 14.2 Jack works Cambridge the University. 3 I'veleft my briefcase the office. I think I left it the chair the comer. 4 Meet me the bus-stop......... the end of Weston Road. 5 They live Seal, a small village the road to Folkestone. 6 When wewere the south we stayed a small hotel the coast. 7 My briefcase is the table thesitting room. 8 Sign your name the dotted line the bottom of the page. 9 Meet me theentrance to the supermarket Marple Street. 10 I've applied for a job the United Nations .Geneva. 11 Hello! This is Julie. I'm London the Hilton Hotel.
3 Fill in the blanks with the grammatically correct form of the word in bold according to the meaning ofthe text.
The city of London (1 found) by the Romans in the year 43AD. During the next few years it(2 quick) became the main (3 trade) centre in Britain. For two hundred years afterthe Romans (4 leave) , the city was almost forgotten. Its full (5 important) did notreturn until the (6 eleven) century. By the end of that century, the (7 govern) ofEngland was based in Westminster and the Tower of London (8 start) During the Middle AgesLondon (9 continue) to grow, and by the time of Shakespeare it had become a (10 prosper)..................... capital city with many fine buildings. (11 Fortunately) , most of these buildings(12 make) of wood and in 1666 they were almost all destroyed by a fire which (13 last)...................... several days. This was a great tragedy for the people (14 live) there at that time,but it is (15 truth) that many of the areas which are most (16 attract) today wereplanned during the (17 rebuild) that followed.
4 If the line is correct, put a tick (/) next to the number of the line. If the line has a word that shouldn'tbe there, cross it out and write that extra word next to the number of the line.
Cosmopolitan CitiesNew York, Tokyo, Paris andj.l;r€other cosmopolitan cities are excitingplaces to live in it. There are many interesting things to see and do.You can go to different kinds of museums, plays and films. You canalso go shopping and buy the things from all over the world.But there are any serious problems in big cities too. The cost of livingis high and there are too many of people in some neighbourhoodsof big cities. An every year many newcomers move to these cities becauseof the opportunities to find jobs, to study at good schools and toreceive good medical care. But sometimes these people cannot find somework or a decent place to live. Also, too many people in a so smallplace make it as hard to keep the cities safe and clean.Cosmopolitan cities have their advantages and such disadvantages.Some people enjoy living in them; others do not enjoy it. Before few peoplemove to a big city, they should not think about the problems of living there.
o th~ .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 .10 .11 .12 .13 .
READING and SPEAKINGUNITED KINGDOM1 Physical Geography. ClimateThe United Kingdom is made up of the countries ofEngland, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Its fullname is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and NorthernIreland. Britain (or Great Britain) comprises England,Wales and Scotland. It is the largest island in Europe, whichlies off the north-west coast of mainland Europe. Britain'sclosest continental neighbours are France and Belgium.Covering an area of some 242,500 sq km, Britain is nearly500 Ian across at the widest point, and almost 1,000 Ianlong. The capital, London, has a population of around 8million. Other major cities include Birmingham,Manchester, Liverpool, Cardiff, Glasgow, and Belfast.Thanks to the influence of the Gulf Stream, the Britishclimate is generally mild and temperate. While the weatheris very changeable, temperatures rarely fall below _10°C orgo above +32° C. Rainfall is fairly well distributed throughoutthe year. The wettest parts are the mountainous areas ofthe west and the north.
2 PoliticsThe United Kingdom is a parliamentary democracy. HerMajesty Queen Elizabeth II is Head of State, with a largelyceremonial role. The powers of the Queen are limited byParliament and it is hereditary, and not elective. The Houseof Commons and House of Lords, with the monarch,comprise Parliament. The Prime Minister heads theGovernment and appoints ministers (the Cabinet). Electionsare held at least every five years. The largest political partiesare the Conservatives, Labour and the Liberal Democrats.The country's long-established democratic system ofgovernment has provided political stability for many years.Britain has been a member of the European Union since1973, and has close ties with marty countries elsewhere,notably with the nations of the Commonwealth.
3 HistoryThe people who now inhabit the British Isles are descendedmainly from the people who inhabited them centuries ago.It is impossible to attempt here to estimate the importanceof the first early peoples - pre-Celts and Celts, as well asthe Romans who ruled England and Wales from AD 43 toaround AD 409. Over the next 600 years there wereinvasions and settlements by peoples from northernEurope. The last successful invasion was by the Normansin 1066. In 1712 the King of England made himself Lordof Ireland. The uniting of England with Wales (between1536 and 1542) and with Scotland (in 1707) led to theunion of Great Britain and Ireland in 1801. In 1921 Irelandwas partitioned, Northern Ireland remaining with Britain.Britain is an influential member of the Commonwealth,the European Union and the United Nations.
4 PeopleAlthough the United Kingdom is quite small in terms ofland area (242,000 sq. Ian), it has a large population of nearly58 million. Britain is a relatively densely populated country.
England has the highest population density of the fourlands and Scotland the lowest. For centuries people fromoverseas have settled in Britain, either to escape politicalor religious persecution, or in search of economicopportunities. There are sizeable ethnic communities ofJews, Irish, Caribbeans, and Africans. There are also long-established Chinese, Greek, Turkish Cypriot and Italiancommunities. Overall, ethrite minority groups representjust under 6 per cent of the population of Great Britain.English is the official language, but many people know
·f
more than one language. Around 20% of the people inWales speak Welsh and children learn it in Welsh schools.About 80,000 people in Scotland speak Gaelic. Peoplefrom overseas have brought with them their languages,cultures and religions.Everyone in Britain has the right to religious freedom.Britain is predominantly Christian - one British citizen in10 is a member of the Roman Catholic Church and thereare 1,7 million members of the Anglican Church - the'established church', that is the church legally recognisedas the official church of the State.
1 Read the text about the UK. For questions 1-8, choose the correct answer A, B or C.
1 The United Kingdom consists ofA England, Scotland and WalesB Ireland, England, Scotland and Wales.C Northern Ireland and Great Britain.
2 Bdtt{{ais cae largest is{an<iA in the north-west of Europe.B in the west of Europe.C in the north of Europe.
3 The climate of Britain isA warm and sunny most of the time.B mild but not too warm and changeable.C very cold, especially in winter.
4 The political system of the UKA combines constitutional monarchy with parliamentary democracy.B is absolute monarchy.C is fully democratic.
5 Political power rests withA the Queen.B the government led by the Prime Minister and the Cabinet.C the Prime Minister alone.
6 How often must General Elections be held in the UK?A Every three years.B Every four years.C Every five years.
7 Great Britain is a powerful state whichA always keeps its political neutrality.B is a member of strong, influential organisations.C is not a member of an international military bloc.
8 Great Britain was occupied by the RomansA in 1006.B from AD 43 to 409.C for the last 6 centuries.
9 The smallest part of inhabitants Iive inA in England.B in Wales.C in Scotland.
2 Find English equivalents in the text and use some of them in the correct form to complete thesentences below.
(section 1)(section 2)(section 3)(section 4)
sudaryti; plotas; vidutinis klimatas; permainingas oras; krituliai; kalnuotasvaldzia; paveldimas; vadovauti; paskirtiapgyvendinti; biiti kilusiam is; vertinti; uzpuolimas; susivienyti; padalyti; itakingasgyventojll skaiCius; tankiai apgyvendintas; isvengti; persekiojimas; didokas; bendruomene; maZuma;atstovauti; daugiausia
1 His income is quite , now that he has been promoted. 2 Is musical ability ?3 My husband company director last year. 4 You have been chosen ourassociation at the conference. 5 He a team of scientists investigating cancer. 6 The refugee............................ his chances of escape as very good. 7 The house now by a Polishfamily. 8 Annual was lower last year than ever before. 9 Luckily she theinfection. 10 The group oflawyers and doctors. 11 What is the of Lithuania?
3 Look at the list of words and put them into the correct group. Each word is a river, town or capital inBritain. There is one odd city out. Which one and why?
BallymenaLagan
BelfastGlasgow
BirminghamLondon Severn
CardiffDublin
ClydeSwansea
EdinburghThames
Towns Rivers Capitals
England the
Scotland the
Wales the
Northern Ireland the
The odd city out is ...................... because .............................
LITHUANIAPhysical Geography. ClimateThe Republic of Lithuania lies in the centre of Europe, onthe eastern coast of the Baltic Sea. The country has borderswith Latvia, Belarus, Poland and Russia. The length of theLithuanian coastline is 99 lan. Lithuania covers an area of65,200 square kilometres and it is larger than that ofBelgium, Denmark, the Netherlands and Switzerland. Fromeast to west the country is 373 lan, and from south to northit is 276 lan. The country has a diverse landscape - threehilly uplands, and three lowland plains. The highest pointis Juozapines Hill, not far from Vilnius; it is 293,6m abovesea level. Approximately 30% of the country is coveredwith woodlands. The traveller is soothed by quiet,picturesque landscapes: hills, rivers and brooks, valleysand woodlands, and some 4,000 lakes and 722 rivers. Thelongest river is the Nemunas (937 km) which flows intothe Baltic Sea. Its length through Lithuania is 475km.Lithuania's climate is mild, it is transitional betweenmaritime and continental. The average winter temperatureis _50C, while the average summer temperature is +17,80C. Westerly winds prevail. Annually, there are 40-100foggy days and 15-30 days with thunderstorms. During thecolder season of the year, there are 10-15 days offreezing-rain and snowstorms. Thaws are frequent.
PoliticsLithuania is a republic. The Parliament of the Republic orthe Seimas is the highest body of state power. It consistsof 141 MPs elected for four-year terms. The President ofthe Republic is elected by direct suffrage for a termof five years. The Government is composed of the
Prime Minister and 14 ministers. The Prime Minister isappointed or dismissed by the President with the approvalof the Seimas.
PeopleLithuania has a population of 3.8 million people, 81% ofwhich are Lithuanians. Russians make up the second largestethnic group with 8.4 % of the population.
The state language is Lithuanian (it's the official languagesince 1989). It is also one of the oldest Indo-Europeanlanguages. The 32-letter Lithuanian alphabet is Latin based.Lithuania was the last country in Europe to adoptChristianity in 1387. The majority of the population areRoman Catholics.
4 Work in groups of three or four. Your class is looking forward to seeing a group of friends from Latviawho have never visited your country before. Discuss together the following points:
• the places of Lithuania you want to take them to• means of transport you are going to use• possible accommodation for your guests• their free time activities
5 Find out how important your country's culture is to you, and how much you know about it. Discuss thesequestions and give the feedback to the class.
What traditional songs in your native language do you know? When and where did you last sing or listen totraditional songs? What traditional dances and games do you know? When did you last do any of these activities?Why do you think national song and dance festivals are so popular with the Lithuanians all over the world?What other features can distinguish one country from another? Think of some aspects of 'imported' culture thatyou are happy to accept, and some that you are less happy about?What traditions and customs are observed celebrating Christmas and Easter in Lithuania? What national dishescan you prepare?
6 Work in pairs. A foreigner has come to your town on a short business trip. Taking turns explain where thefollowing facilities are. The given pattern and phrases may be of use.
Foreigner:You:Foreigner:You:
Excuse me, is there a chemist near here?Yes, the nearest one is in Gedimino Street, opposite the supermarket.How can I get there?Cross the square and turn left into Mindaugo Street. Walk down the street as far as the trafficlights. Then turn right into Gedimino Street, and the chemist's is about half way down, on the left.
turn left / right / into; go straight on / past; carryon / keep going until you get; walk down / as faras; take the first / second turning on the right / left; cross...Street is the first / second / next turning / street on your right / left; it's at the beginning / end ofthe street; it's half way down the street; on the comer; over there
7 Study the spidergram and choose a topic that interests you. Do some research on the topic you havechosen. Make use of material available in libraries, newspapers, tourist brochures, reference books, TVprogrammes, on the Internet etc. Present your work to the rest of the class.
c=!0PUlation~ 0eOgraPhY~ CEducation ~ CClimate ~
C Nature ~ ~~ / CIndustty ~
CToumm ~ -=::CITlIUAN~ ~ C Spom~
C Food~ / / \ ~ CFeStivm~
Free timeactivities CFamous~peopleC Cities ~ ~jterature ~
WRITING
INTRODUCTIONParagraph 1: introduce the subject and state your opinion clearly
MAIN BODYParagraph 2: first argument and reasons / examplesParagraph 3: second argument and reasons / examplesParagraph 4: opposing viewpoint and reasons / examples
CONCLUSIONFinal paragraph: restate your opinion using different words
• The number of paragraphs in the main body depends on the number o~ "nts you want to present.• You should list your arguments with Firstly, Furthermore, Moreo r..~ 50 e c and may include the
opposite viewpoint using On the other hand, However, Others cl' , argue that etc in the lastparagraph of the main body.
• Avoid strong personal expressions (eg I know) and feelings (eg I 's abs: .w believe ..., or Everybodyhates ...) and use milder phrases such as I (tend to) believe, In my op' _In my view, It seems to methat etc to express your opinion.
• Use formal style - do not include colloquial English.• Do not use short forms.• Use topic sentences to introduce each paragrapll.
1 Read the following composition expressing opinion. Correct the mistak 'rite S for spelling, WOfor word order, WW for wrong word, GR for grammar or P for punctuation.
Living in a small townThe idea of living in a small town may sound strange and °unatrac "e SP unattractive) to those who
lwas (. ) brought up in cities. As I was born in a small 0\' and spent my young yearsthere, I believe, that life in a rural area is lmore much beneficial (. ) than in a city.
Firstly, it seems to me that many people prefer living in a small town bee _ 0 its calmness and slow3race (. ) of everyday life. You don't have to rush and ei' '0 c jams as all facilitiesare within reach of your hand. Besides, there is more of a feeling of4comiDL' ) as youknow your neighbours and you can talk to them. Thus, close an . relationships smakes(. ) your life less stressful.
Secondly, it is healthier to live in a rural area as there are fewer indoand noise than in a city. 6Moreover ( ) small Ol r.(. ) by lots of greenery and you can enjoy picturesque \ ievery day. All that makes people feel more relaxed, less nervous or upse:.
In contrast to a city, the crime 8level (. ) in the co .-r:- _.~ : 100\'erand it is quitesafe to go out at night on your own. What could be better for children har.. rowing up in a safe andpeaceful 9village (. ).
However, certain aspects of living IOata small town ( ) can be unpleasant. Scarcejob opportunities, poor entertainment, lack of privacy and limited possibiliTies 0 oeTting a good educationIlshould be consider (. ) before deciding to move to The countryside.
In conclusion, I believe that the benefits 110utweight (. ) he drawbacks of living in thecountryside and whether you enjoy living in it or not depends on the type of person you are.
so there is less pollution- suallv are surrounded
.'•. open space and wildlife
2 The teacher has asked you to express your opinion on the topic 'There is nothing like living in thecity centre'. Write a composition of 180-240 words following the guidelines given.
INTRODUCTIONParagraph 1: set the scene (name and location of the place / building, reasons for choosing
the place / building)MAIN BODY
Paragraphs 2, 3: overall look and particular details (Place: sights, facilities, free-time activities.Building: fIrst look and specifIc details)
CONCLUSIONFinal paragraph: feelings and final thoughts about the place / building plus recommendation
3 The paragraphs of this descriptive composition have been mixed up. Use the plan to put the jumbledparagraphs in the correct order.
Oxford, the city of dreaming spires~ With its mix of ancient and modern, there is plenty to see and do in Oxford. For sightseers andlovers of culture there are numerous historic buildings, museums and art galleries to visit, while enthusiastsof walking, fishing and boating can enjoy marvellous opportunities provided by colourful college gardens,busy rivers and rowing clubs. Shoppers can take pleasure browsing in vast department stores andexclusive boutiques. The catering life is equally brilliant with a wide variety of restaurants, bars andpubs to choose from.[[D On the whole, Oxford is a remarkable city to visit with something for everyone, and it isrecommended to anyone seeking beauty, variety and fun. For those who want to study there is no betterplace like Oxford which reputation for outstanding academic achievement is known world-wide.@[] Oxford, the city of dreaming spires, is famous the world over for its University and place inhistory. Located in the centre of England on the rivers Thames and Cherwell with a population of over 200 000it is the destination of thousands of visitors who come here either to study or experience the excitement of oneIf tie lost interesting cities in Britain.
D The most fascinating thing about Oxford is the University, originally established in 1214. Throughcenturies it continued to expand and develop, meeting the needs of each generation. Learners, whoarrive in Oxford, are surprised to find out that Oxford University is made up of a collection of manydifferent colleges and institutions, each with its own history and characteristics.
accept l;;lk'sept/ priimti; pritarti, pripazintiadopt l;;l'dopt/ priimti, isisavintiancient l'emI;;lntl senoves, senovinisannual I'renju;;lll kasmetinisappoint l;;l'p:Jmt/ paskirtiapproval l;;l'pru:vll pritarimasapproximately l;;l'proksrm;;ltlil apytikriai, maidaugattempt l;;l'temptl stengtis, meginti, bandytiavailable 1;;l'veI1bllgalimas naudoti, turimasaverage I'rev(;;l)nd:)! vidurkis; vidutinis, vidutiniskasbeneficial l,bem'frIII naudingas, palankusbeyond Ibr'jondl anapus, uzborder I'b:J:d;;l1sienaboutique Ibu: 'ti:kl madingtL brangiq daiktq parduotuvelebrook Ibruk/ upelis, upoksnisbustling I'bASlrIJItriuksmingas (apie vietq)challenging l'tIrelmd3rIJI viliojantis, idomusChristian I' knstI;;ln! kriksCioniskas, kriksCioniqChristianity I,knstr'ren;;ltil kriksCionybe
collocate I'kol;;l,kertl tinkamai suderinti zodziuscommunity Ib'mju:n;;ltil bendruomene, visuomenecomprise Ibm 'pralZl susideti is, apimticompose Ibm 'P;;lUz/sudaryticontinental I,kontr'nentll kontinentinis, zemyniniscover I'kAV;;l1uzimticrowded I'kraudrdl sausakimsas, tankiai gyvenamasdecent I'di:sntl padorus; neblogas, gana gerasdemande Idi 'ma:ndl paklausa, poreikisdensely I' denslil tankiaidensity I'dens;;ltil tankumasdescend Idr'sendl kilti, atsirastidestination I,destr' nerI nl keliones tikslasdirect/dr'rektl tiesioginisdistribute Idr 'stnbju:t/ dalinti, skirstytidiverse Idm'v3:s1 skirtingas, ivairuselective /r'lektrvl renkamasestablished /r' streblrItl nusisto(ve )j«S, pripazintas, zinomasestimate I'estr,mertl apytikriai paskaiCiuoti; ivertinti
ethnic I' eenrkl etninisexpand Irk'sprendl plestisfacilities If;}'srl;}trz/ irenginiai, visuom. paskirties pastataifairly l'fe;}lil pakankamai, ganafascinating I'fresmeltII)1 zavusfoggy I'fogil Ukanotas, apgaubtas riikofound Ifaundl (i)steigti, (i)kurtifrequent I'fri:kw;}ntl daznas, daznai pasikartojantisgenerally l'd3en(;})r;}lil daugiausia, dazniausiaigeneration I,d3en;},reIJnl kartaghost Ig;}ustl smekla, vaiduoklisgovern I' gAvn/ valdytihereditary Ih;)' red;}t(;})ri/ paveldimashi-tech I,hai'tekl moderniosios technologijoshump IhAmpl kupra; kauburys, giibrysinfluence I'mflu;}nsl itaka, poveikisinfluential Imflu'enJII turintis lemiamos itakosinclude Im'klu:dl itraukti, apimtiincrease Im'kri:sl augti, (pa)didetiinhabit 1m' hrebltl gyventi, apgyvendintiinvasion Im'veI3n/ uzpuolimas, invazijalie (lay, lain) lIar! guleti; biitimaintain Imem'tern! islaikyti, priziiireti, eksploatuotimajesty I'mred3;}stil didenybemajor l'me1d3;}1 pagrindinis, didesnis, svarbesnismaritime I'mrentarm/ pajiirio; jiif\!, laivybosmarvellous l'mu:v;}I;}sl nuostabus, zavingasmild Imarldl svelnus; nesaltas, malonusminority (maI'nDf;}til mazumanotably I'n;}ut;}blil ypacodd lodl keistas, neiPrastasoutstanding laut'strendII)1 ispiidingas; garsus, izymusoutweigh laut'wer! nusverti, biiti svarbesniamoverpriced I,;}uv;}'prarstl per brangusoversea(s) I,;}uv;}'si:zl uzjiiros; uZsienyje, i uzsienipace IpeIsl greitis, tempaspartition IPU:'tIJn/ padalijimas; suskaldymas
persecution I, :::: -plain Iplein/ IYo.:pollution Ip;}' . =-' e=-;:=-:~:::2.s.possiblity I,p - •predominantly ~=.::~~prevail Ipn\-eprosper I'pro:..rarely I're;;lr . ~rate !reltl proce:: ..recent I'ri:snrelatively I're d_
rule lru:U \.rest!rest/bii ': ur":fu~~row !r;;lu/' ,-rurall'w;;lr;}l' , '-rush !rAJI skrush hour I'r.scarce Isked =ej~~k.arn:ssecuring I I' 'u.;;_~_ ~.:!:"!:~~::l::is.apsaugantisseek Isi:k/ ici r _
settlement/'se' -:c.:.separate I' esoothe Isu:O/ nu..-z== =~~;;::ispire l'spaIdl •suffrage I'sAfn - .thunderstorm I .'- -thaw le':1:1 atlthroughout Ie :traffic jam I'tr<r - ~n:;:;:;;\)'bi'ili''!kamstistransitional/tr<r Zl. - ~ IS
uplands I'Apldnciz. ~Gi::=::::l:!S.. -? 'ota vietoveup-to-date I,Ap ;;l'.~- S=c!.-!:1::::.5.s.. odemus; naujausiasvalley I'vreli/ sJe '-vast/vu:stl erd\ :' =-=..:.-waterfall I'w-::J:woodland I'wu ;u:. ~~:.=.
ADDITIONAL WORD Bprepositions of direction and placeacross, along, back to, onto, out of, past, round, to, through, towards, upabove, among, at, below, beneath, beside, between, in, in front of, inside, near, next to. 0_ -
locationin the south / west I east I north of Brighton is in the south of England. They live north orwestof England. on the southern I western I eastern I northern coast of Liverpoo::sLondon lies on the river Thames. Newcastle is situated close to the sea.
motion (or movement)climb: go upward The tourists climbed the mountain.fall: go downforward Leaves fall in autumn.hurry: go quickly Hurry up! We'll miss the train.pass: go past You have to pass the railway station.
Bristol is in the south-me western coast of Britain.
return: go back When are. v' ianning to return?arrive The train arrived in 1.,0 on at 14.00.leave (left) The plane left Hor.a ' no at 7.00.come, go, enter: go in(to) Am. emered the room.
how to measure distanceWe measure distance in inches (coliais), feet (pedomis), yards, miles or in centimetres, metrmeasuring distances is widely used in English-speaking countries.
VOCABULARY
housing benefit income tax a (trade) union student grant / allowance unemploymentrecession unemployment benefit family allowancelchild benefit! child allowance priority
1 a temporarily bad time in a country's economy2 an organised association of workers in a particular job / profession3 the most important thing4 the situation in which many people are out of work5 the money you can get when you are out of work6 the money you can get when you study7 the money you can get if your rent is very high8 the money you can get to support your children9 the money you pay to the state from your earnings
1 a country which has a president and is governed by elected representatives2 to rule (a country, city etc)3 a state ruled by a monarch (a king or a queen)4 a group of countries under a single supreme authority5 system of government run by a dictator6 freedom from outside control; self-governing7 to choose in a formal way, eg by marking a ballot paper8 the head of state in many modem states9 someone for whom politics is a career10 a government made up of several parties11 to choose someone or something by voting
forgeryhooliganism
domestic violencepick pocketing
muggingblackmail
burglaryhijacking
empIrerepublicto governmonarchyindependencedictatorshippoliticianto electPresidentto votecoalition
hackingvandalism
1 The burglar's presence was betrayed by a creaking floorboard.2 The neighbours often saw Mrs Fowler with bruises on her face.3 Three youths attacked the old lady in the dark side street and ran off with her handbag.4 They are still holding eight people hostage on the plane.5 The criminals were caught red-handed as they were exchanging fake notes at the bank.6 She threatened to show the photos to his boss unless she got a thousand dollars.7 Some drunken fans ran around smashing things and fighting other youths.8 The students accessed the secret information from the bank computer system.9 The teenagers were accused of deliberately damaging ten new phone boxes.10 The wallet with a big sum of money was stolen from his back pocket.
1 My uncle's running / sitting for Parliament in the next election.city. 3 What is your country's economic politics / policy? 4 MarcMinister offoreign affairs of Great Britain in 1979 - 1990. 5 I do ':I always support the Centre Coalition Party. 6 Next week studen _favour of multi-party system. 7 There has been another increase f r. -
accused / blamed Andy of stealing the money. 9 Stephen could no· ._-the crime. 10 The murderers of the girls received a life sentence / .::-~rf==~::..that they had broken / committed the law. 12 Alan won hisprosecution lawyer. 13 If you plead / find guilty, the judge will pI'
Q:ed / elected MP for our-= • e Prime Minister / the
( politics / policy, but= / ' 'ng a demonstration in- -'-' nt of crime. 8 They
- \' = been at the scene of__ ~e youths didn't realise
very good defence /_ sentence.
1 The EU is the European supranational organisation dedicatstrengthening co-operation among its member states.
2 The EU countries work together to make the world a safer pIa ~nuclear safety, long-term unemployment, industrial decline anstates, the integration of young people into working life, disease:
3 Under the Treaty on European Union, customs and immigration agI:ee;::£,:~'-citizens greater freedom to live, work or study in any of therelaxed.
4 May 9th is Europe Day. This is the day on which the EU membe _ cel~-.::~1950 when the idea of a united Europe was first thought of.
5 Any European country can apply to join the EU but they have 0 r
standards.6 Most EU decisions are made by the Council of Ministers which CO'llS1S~
member countries who meet regularly.7 Central questions are decided at a higher level at Euro-summit ill
8 Influential political forces usually don't speak out against the E
ommon problems asareas of its member
~ o· illegal drugs.;cd to allow European
rder controls were
USE of ENGLISH
Mr Milelock: Something awful has happened. I (1 burgle) _Policeman: When (2 it happen) ?Mr M: Just this afternoon. They (3 must get) in while I I
P: Could you tell us what things (5 they take) _Mr M: I lost some antique (6 paint) , a laser
portable CD-player. Apart from that, a black leather ~ . \'hich (8 obvious).................................. the criminals (9 take) __ - ~ --' =5 away in. And I(10 find) my place just (11 complete) ._. upside downand the rooms (12 total) devastat he (13 furnish).................................. and (14 tear) ~: 15 must think).................................. that the money (16 hide) _ .. _. ~ ~ most (17 stress).................................. thing is to think that my own private life 1in some ways and that someone (19 be) ................................... through all of my private papers, addre ses
P: How (21 they break) into the house?Mr M: Well, the person must have got into the sitting-room by (22 fa
windows.
ouse, (20 look)~::::. sruff and ...
2 Read the text and think of the word which fits each space best. Use only one word in each space.
Good evening, and here is the Eight O'clock News.There is no 1..•................ news about the famous Lanstable painting, Norfolk Sunset, 2...•...........••.... wasstolen last night 3 ....•....•..•••.•.. the National Gallery. The painting, which 4 worth half a millionpounds, was given 5 the gallery in 1978. It hasn't 6 found yet, and all airports andports 7 ••••••••.•••••••••• being watched. Cars and trucks are 8 ••••••••••••••••••• searched. A reward of $10,000 hasbeen offered 9 ..•••••••.••••••••• the information.
Two of the four accused men 10 ..............••.•. convicted at yesterday's trial. 11••••... .'..••••••.•• the trial, the jury sat12 silence and listened 13 ...•............... all the evidence. They were not allowed to interrupt14••••••••••••...••.. witnesses. Although the lawyer defended the accused men 15•••••.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.• well, they were stillfound guilty 16 the jury. Judge George Patt sentenced 17 to three years in prison.They'll probably be released 18•.••••.••••.••••••. two years. The 19••••••••.••••.•.••• accused men were acquitted andleft the courtroom smiling and happy.
1 My handbag wavit.Qlf;r! at the concert yesterday.2 So far only two of the six accused men at the trial.3 Last night this bank by an armed gang.4 The company promised that he by the best lawyer.5 No one knew that he by the judge to ten years in prison.6 The man left the courtroom happy and smiling because he .7 The sentenced man probably in three years.8 An old lady by a gang of youths in the park.9 Their country house twice this year.10 The plane while on the flight to Delhi.
acquitburgleconvictdefendmugreleaserobsentence
-Steat-:hijack
1 Charles said that he hadn't punched the girl.Charles denied .
2 'I forged my father's signature', said Arthur.Arthur admitted .
3 Harry stole 10 000 pounds and was arrested.Harry was arrested .
4 'We saw the accused break into the house', said the witnesses.The witnesses stated ; .
5 'You can't park here'.The police officer told us .
6 Calling the police isn't any good.It 's .
7 My advice is to inform the police.I think you'd .
8 There didn't use to be so much crime in our area in the past.There is much .
9 It's difficult to see so many beggars on the streets.I find it .
10 The local people identified one of the victims.One of the victims .
READING and SPE.AlCC'G
1 Eight sentences have been removed from the text. From sentencappropriate gap. Write the letter of the sentence next to the nextra sentence you do not need.
A But when the messages continued to arrive, Nicola found it diffistudy from home.
B I stopped going out because I felt so scared.C If someone violates that, it's as if they are attacking you persona11.·.n Normally the sender's name is listed at the end of the message.E People are being caught and punished for this crime, so it's imPOllUlJl(F Her phone is like her best friend packed into a cute little plastiG New figures from research company NOP show thousands of teeH Like Nicola, Hayley Saunders, 14, had to study for her GCSEs a
abusive text messages each day and couldn't concentrate.I Hayley used to take her mobile phone to school.
Think again. A terrifying new trend for text messagebullying could turn the hotline to your mates into the baneof your life. By Katie Aston.
Jessica Hansard has been glued to her mobile phonesince her parents bought it for her 16th birthday last year.She loves texting her friends - at college, on the bus, in herbedroom, anywhere. 1 .
So imagine her shock when, a couple of months ago,she opened her messages to find 'Die bitch!' shouting backat her angry black letters. 'At first I thought it must be amistake or a sick joke so I didn't do anything', she says.'But the messages kept coming, getting more threatening,saying they knew where I lived. 2 I didn't even feelsafe at home'.
Jessica eventually told her dad, who rang the numberand told the person on the other end to stop or he wouldphone the police. The phone went dead. 'The messages havestopped, but I still feel scared. I have no idea who was behindit all', says Jessica. 'Every time my phone bleeps I feel sick'.And Jessica isn't alone. 3 Of 3.6 million school-age mobile owners, 14% have received a deliberately hurtfulcall or message. Even scarier, text bullying is at its worstamong 14 to 16-year-olds, with one in five receiving a nastycall or message.
Nicola Wilson, 15, from Grindleton in Lancashire, wasbombarded with threatening messages. '1 was terrified whenI got the first message', she remembers. 'I was babysittingon my own and it'said, 'I am watching you'. I thought some-one was going to murder me'. Nicola realised a group ofgirls in her year at school were responsible when they startedto send messages that were the same as what they weresaying to her at school. 'It was almost a relief to find out itwas them', she says. 4 .
'It was hard to study with no teachers, and I am sure itaffected my grades. I had to take my GCSEs in a school fordisadvantaged children. The police went to see the girlswho did it, and they've stopped it now, but I'm really angryat what they put me through.'
5 Mobiles are banned at Hayley's school, but
_ -I oose the one which fits ther 1· of the gap. There is one
rims of text bullying...., ,-~ be was getting dozens of
pupils sneak a er Deborah says, 'You hearabout young . g suicide because of problemslike these. P '. seem a realise how serious it is'.
Mobile pho ~ - : -...,.:0 ·ggered such a sense of hope-lessness in I'oyez Gail Jones that the Merseysideschoolgirl killed b 1:.- overdosing on paracetamol. Shehad been torme onths by anonymous messages,receiving up to _0 in half an hour. The police had asked hernot to change the number or get rid of her phone in anattempt to catch the culprit.
'It's the feeling of no escape that's so distressing',believes psychologist Dr Anu Sayal-Bennet. 'For manypeople, a mobile phone is almost an extension of themselves.6 And of course they can get at you anywhere,any time. Text bullying is an invisible crime and fear of theunknown is the worst fear of all'.
So how can you protect yourself from text bullies? First,if you get any weird messages, tell someone. Only six outof ten young victims tell a parent, a teacher or the police,but you should. As support website bullying. com explains:'It is a criminal offence to send offensive or threateningphone messages and, if it continues, it can amount toharassment. The poli g • an do take action'.
It is difficult to track down the bullies, but because all textmessages are processed through central call centres (unlikevoice calls). it's not impossible. 7 If they havesent it from a \vebs'te \" a --ers free anonymous textmessaging via the net, he \"eos'te's name will usually bedisplayed, and the police should be able to track the senderwith the help of the site's managers.
Detective Inspector Hamish Brown of New Scotland Yardis keen to encourage victims to come forward. 'Senders ofmaticious tex.t messages can be arrested and face up to fiveyears in prison if they give the victim the cause to fear fortheir life. 8 Just remember that the message isevidence, so you must save it' .
It's reassuring to know that, although textual harassmentis a sinister, often secret activity, there is help for victims.Sending malicious m -- c.i""'. ~.:. _. __ e. Make sure you don'tIf''.t thf".m p-~t ;]W;]V with iT.
1 texting her friends ...2 went dead ...3 text bullying is at its worst ...4 on my own ...5 were the same as what they were saying ...
6 pupils sneak them in ...7 they can get at you anywhere ...8 to track down the bullies ...9 to come forward ...10 don't let them get away with it ...
1 Jessica was terrified when she received the first message.2 text message bullying is widely spread among 14 to 16-year olds.3 there were cases when mobile phone bullying influenced teenagers' studies.4 many people find text bullying similar to an unpredictable assault.5 if you report the fact of text bullying to the police, there's a great possibility to detect the bullies.
4 Have you ever experienced bullying? Work in groups. Discuss different forms of bullying and the ways ofdealing with this problem. Share your experiences and present your opinion to the class. The phrasesgiven in the box might be useful for your presentation.
Bullying can be: • physical (hitting, pushing or kicking)• verbal (name calling or teasing)• emotional (not talking to someone, humiliating or annoying them)
a victim of bullyingbully younger kidsworry about bullyingreport bullying / being bulliedhave (frightening) experience of being bulliedmost cases / incidents of bullying happen / occur (at school, travelling to / from school)
a bullyyoung offendersencourage
fight backbe (severely) bulliedignore the problemforce sb to do sth
5 Work in pairs or small groups. Make a list of the 5 most common types of crimes in Lithuania nowadays.Indicate the type of punishment that you suggest and explain the reasons why these crimes are committed.Then comment on your list and compare it with the one of your friend. Provide solutions for reducingcrime in your area. Consult the additional word bank and the phrases below if necessary.
types of crimes: drink driving, pickpocketing, speeding, forgery, rape, joyriding, a minor / serious criminaloffence, drug-related crimes
types of punishment: to fine sb for (doing) sth, to get a light / severe sentence, to imprison sb for (seven)years, to charge sb with (doing) sth, to take into custody
ways of preventing crime: to patrol an area, to report a crime to the police, to promote neighbourhood watchschemes, to install a network of cameras scanning a crowd of people (in a street / shop etc), to keep an eyeon sth
6 Read the text and fill in the gaps in the sentences given below.
Government in the United Kingdom and the United States of AmericaThe political system of the United Kingdom combines monarchy with parliamentary democracy. The UK
consists of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. London, the capital, is the centre ofgovernment for the whole of Britain, but local authorities are partly responsible for education, health care, thepolice and other things. Laws are made by Parliament. There are two chambers ('houses'): the House ofCommons and the House of Lords. The House of Lords consists of about 1000 hereditary members and haslittle power. 650 members of the House of Commons are called MPs; a Member of Parliament is elected by thepeople from a particular area (constituency). Parliamentary elections are held every five years or less. Theleader of the majority party in Parliament becomes Prime Minister, and he or she chooses the MPs who will runthe different departments ofthe government - the ministers. The Prime Minister and the most important ministers
make up the Cabinet, which is the real government of the country. -:;--Labour Party (left-wing), the Conservative Party (right-wing), and theBritain has a ceremonial Head of State, the King or Queen, who has - -;
The United States of America is a federal republic consisting of - :-."'<C =....:-:- -" has its own governmentand constitution and is joined to the others by a federal govern me 3_ - - tion the government ofthe nation is entrusted to three separate authorities: the Executi ve, the =..e.: . - - .; :.::" Judicial. The executivepower is given to the President, who holds his office for a term of - _. - is "lected together with theVice-President. A presidential candidate must be at least 35 years ~ :. native-born Americancitizen. The President's job includes suggesting laws to the Congress. :;' g laws. The Presidentis also Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces. The Presiden .- -= --- :- !icy of the USA, andmeets foreign heads of states for talks. The job also includes ap eral officials, such asjudges and ambassadors. Official residences include The White Ho -~ in Florida. The wholelegislative power in the USA is given to the Congress. There are \ 0 - - - -. -'S Congress: the Senateand the House of Representatives. The Senate is entrusted with . -. - .:::or rejecting all treatiesmade by the President. There are two main political parties: the Re:=----= - _ . the Democratic Party.
:: -~ main political parties: the-=:-LiberalAlliance (centre).
Parliament in the UK consists of two 1...................•....... : the H ....::~ :-In the House of Commons there are 650 2 •••••.•.....•....•.•.••••.. , each.:- -ruling party in the Parliament is the one which gains a 4 ••.................•••• __ .:
is called the 5 The Commons is elected for a ma..'ti2the Prime Minister may call a general election at any time within
The USA is 7.•.••.•....•.••..••••••••• consisting of 50 states. The eO =::-- tion is entrusted to8 The President is elected for 9 ..•..............•.•• _. ~ -; _ ~~:' ent's job includes10•.••••••••••.•.•••••.•••.•.• There are two chambers in the US Congres:: ::... . . The Senate can12
d the House of Lords.=' ~._ The
. figure in that party.: _.- although
1 Where was democracy first developed?2 Do you know who the Mayor of your town is?3 Name the President and the ex-Presidents of Lithuania?4 What politicians represent you in local and national government?5 What are the main political parties in your country? (the Con :- -
Democrats, the Socialists, the Communist Party, the Centre Coali .6 Which is the oldest parliament in the world?7 Name two monarchies.8 What do these political abbreviations stand for - MP, PM, UN, EC _-.-::9 Where are the headquarters of the EU?10 Which six countries were the first members of the EU?
Party, the Liberal- . _' !ican Party etc)
8 Tell your partner which three things from the list below worry yoexplain why. Then talk about the things you are optimistic about.
• lack of morality in our society (corruption in politics, financial ID.25.e
money; total indifference towards others; domestic, drug-related• globalization of economy and culture• environmental pollution• natural disasters (flooding, famine, drought etc)• the growth of population• long-term unemployment• racial and religious intolerance• new incurable diseases• genetically modified food• something else?
--_..:: overimportance of-- )
• why it is important for Lithuania to be a member of international organisations (NATO, the ED)• what the benefits and shortcomings of being a member of the ED are• what peacekeeping operations our country participates in• which is better: to vote or abstain from voting? Why?• if the government takes good care of disad vantaged families, ageing, disabled and unemployed people• if there are any voluntary organisations providing help to the elderly people in your area• if the quality of life is getting better or worse• why families with a high standard of living feel more socially secure than the ones living on low or
below-average incomes
In my opinion, .Well, I suppose .However, .Despite the fact that .
I'm not sure I agree ,As far as I know ,I assume that .To my mind, .
Regarding the fact that ,From my point of view, .Taking into account .In spite of the fact that .
WRITING
1 Read the composition expressing opinion and label the paragraphs with the headings below. Then writeyour composition expressing opinion. Use the suggested tasks for writing on pg. 158.
• second argument and reasons• restatement of opinion
• first argument and reasons• opposing viewpoints
Should teenagers be sent to prison?As we enter the age of globalisation and new technologies, we are faced with new
social problems. One of them is juvenile crime and a great number of teenagers inprison. In my view, teenagers should not be sent to prison for a number of reasons.
For a start, once in prison, young people are exposed to many dangers. They areforced to socialise with professional criminals who have a negative influence onteenagers. Therefore, they may also become more aggressive and learn how to commiteven more serious crimes. Moreover, these young people may get addicted to drugsand are likely to become more difficult as they are taken away from their familiesand friends. As a result, the life of a teenager behind bars becomes a vicious circleof crime.
Another serious point worth mentioning is that once out of prison theseteenagers find it difficult to get a good job. It becomes almost impossible becauseof the criminal records which will follow the teenager forever. Despite the factthat they have a chance to learn new skills while in prison, many employerssimply refuse to employ ex-criminals. For this reason, teenagers who have serveda sentence have minimal chances of finding a good job.
However, the opponents say that imprisonment keeps teenagers off the streetsand stops them from committing more crimes. They strongly believe that lockingyoung people up is the experience which will be unpleasant for them and theywill hopefully learn their lesson.
In conclusion, I believe that prison is not suitable for young offendersbecause it can do more harm than good.
Guidelines for writing a composition providing solutions
INTRODUCTIONParagraph 1: state the problem(s)
MAIN BODYParagraph 2: first suggestion and result / consequencesParagraph 3*: second suggestion and result / consequen e:
CONCLUSIONFinal paragraph: summarise your opinion or give the best sucge- 'on and result
*The number of the paragraphs in the main body depends on the number of sugge rio you~" : 0 make.
• Writing a composition providing solutions you should state the pro Ie learly, then present yoursuggestions and the expected results or consequences these sugge"o mich have.
• Use formal language - do not include colloquial English, do not use short . - avoid personal expressions.• Start each paragraph with a topic sentence which summarises '.\ha[ graph is about.• Use appropriate linking words and phrases given below to show me 0 tion between paragraphs
and within a paragraph as well.Expressing cause: since, the reason for / why ... is that ... , because 0 /o;;ing to / due toExpressing effect: so / consequently, as a result / consequence, he resulI of would beExpressing purpose: with the purpose of(+ ing) ... , so as / in order (lUJ) to , so that ...Expressing probability / possibility: ... is probable / possible / cenain co ... , it can / could / may
1 Read the composition providing solutions. The topic sentence of each paI"aeoraph is missing. Choosefive of the sentences a-fgiven below and match them with the appropriate ~oraph in the composition.There is one extra sentence you do not need.
What are the ways to improve the lives of the lderl ,?(1) Shortage of money to live on, failing health arullo liness make old people feel
miserable and depressed. As the senior citizens make up a great parr 0 our society, steps should betaken to improve their lives.
(2) The government could solve the problem ensurin re uJar monthly payments forold people. This would help to reduce the financial problems of the re 'r p ople as much as possible.
(3) Consequently, old people need not fear falling ill an.d b in unable to pay for thetreatment. Thus, they would enjoy both better health and peace of mind,
(4) Community centres should encourage local schools iO "e care of the old peopleliving in the neighbourhood. In such a way young people would be rau " :0 respect their elders andappreciate their experience of life. In consequence, old people should eel less isolated and ignored.
(5) What a difference it would make if retirement I:ere a eriod for relaxation andleisure!
a We all know that old people feel economically and socially disadvQII a_eb Another way to deal with the situation would be to provide free medica." care to all people over a
certain age.c Firstly, the elderly should receive adequate sums of income for covering heir basic needs such as
accommodation and food,d All things considered, there are many ways in which the lives of old people could be improved.e A lot of elderly people find their last period of life rather challenging due 0 mrious reasons.f A useful suggestion for improving the lives of the elderly would be to solve the problem of social
isolation which so many of them face.
2 Read the rubric and write your composition of 200-250 words. Follow the guidelines and make use ofthe ideas provided in the table.
Your class has been doing a project on crime. Write a composition on the topic:What are the ways to make your home and neighbourhood safer from crime?
Results / Consequencesdeters thieves and automatically notifies the police or security firmalerts the owners / people inside the house that someone unknown isprowling outsidepeople living around will see someone suspicious prowling aroundthe neighbourhood and call the police
Suggestionsinstall an alarm systemget a trained dog
promote neighbourhoodwatch scheme
abstain Igb'steml susilaikytiabusive Ig'bju:srvl uzgaulusaccess I'reksesl pasiekti, patekti; priejimasaccuse (of) Ig'kju:zl (ap)kaltintiacquit Ig'kwrtl isteisintiaffect Ig'fektl (pa)veiktiageing I' erd3rI)1 senstantisalert Ig'13:tl ispetialliance Ig'largnsl sqjungaallowance Ig'laugnsl ismoka, pasalpaannoy Ig'mr/ erzinti, pykintiassault Ig's:>:1tl uzpultiassume Ig'sju:m/ manytiaverage I'revgnd.31vidutinisballot paper I'brelgt,perpgl slapto balsavimo biuletenisban Ibrenl uzdraustibane ofsb's life gyvenimo skaudulysbenefit I'benrfrtl nauda; pasalpablackmail/'blrek,merll santazuotibleep Ibli:pl pyptelejimasborder I'b:>:dgl ribotisbruise I'bru:zl melyne, sumusimasbully I'bulil priekabiauti, (Ubauginti, skriaustibUllying l'bulirI)1 priekabiavimas, bauginimasburgle I'b3:gIl isilauzti, isilauzus apvogtiby-election I'baII,lekInI papildomi rinkimaicapital punishment I,kreprtl 'pAnrImgnti mirties bausmecase Ikersl bylacaught red-handed pagautas nusikaltimo vietojechamber I'tIermbgl riimaicitizen I'srtrznl pilietiscommit Ib'mrtl ivykdyti, padaryti (kq nors bloga)common f'komgnl iPrastas; paprastasconfess Ibn'fesl prisipazinticonstituency Ibn'strtjugnsil rinkimine apygardaconvict Ibn'vrktl (teis.) pripazinti kaltu, nuteisticourtroom I'b:t,ru:m/ teismo salecreak Ikri:kl girgzdeticulprit f'kAlpntl kaltininkas, prasikalteliscustody l'kAStgdil arestascustoms I'kAstgmzl muitinedecline Idr'klarnl silpnejimas, mazejimasdedicated (to) I'dedr,kertrdl atsidavltsdefence Idr'fensl gynybadeliberately Idr' h b( g)rgtlil tyciadeny Idr'nar/ neigti, atmestidetect/dr'tektl susekti, aptiktideter Idr't3:1 atbaidyti, sulaikytidevastate I'devg,stertl (nu)niokotidisadvantage I, drsgd 'va:ntrd.3! nepalanki aplinkybe, kliutisdisgust Idrs'gAstl kelti pasibiaurejim~
drought Idrautl sausradrug IdrAgl vaistas; narkotikasearnings f'3:nrI)zl uzdarbisensure Im'I:>:1 garantuotientrust Im'trAstl patiketievidence I'evrd( g)nsl (teis.) irodymas; parodymasexecutive Irg 'zekjutrvl vykdomoji valdziaextension Irk' stenI nI didinimas, ispletimasfake Iferkl netikras, padirbtasfamine I'fremml badasfine Ifarnl baudaforgery l'hd.3gril klastojimas; klastotegain Igeml igyti, pasiektiglue Iglu:1 klijuoti; priliptigovern/'gAvnl valdytigrant Igra:ntl dotacija, stipendijaguilty I'grltil kaltashacker f'hrebl kompiuteriQ piratashandle f'hrendIl susitvarkyti (su)harass I'hrergsl neduoti ramybeshereditary Ihg' redgt( g)ril pa veldimashijack I'har,d.3rek/ uzgrobti (lektuvq)horrific Iho'nfrkl siurpushostage l'hostrd.3! ikaitashumiliate Ihju: 'mrli,ertl (pa)zemintihurtful I'h3:tfll skaudinantis, izeidusincome(s) l'mkAm/ pajamosindifference 1m' drfrgnsl abejingumasinfluential l,mflu'enIII itakingasinterrupt l,mtg'rAptl pertrauktiinvestigate Im'vestrgertl (is)tirtiinvisible 1m 'vrzgbIl nematomasjoyriding f'd.3:>r,rardrI)1automobiliQ vagyste (pramogai)jury f'd.3ugril prisiekusiejijuvenile crime f' d.3u:Vg,narll nepilnameCiQ nusikalstamumaskick Ikrk/ spirtilegislative f'led.3rslgtrvl istatymQ leidziamasismalicious Img' hI gsl pikta valiskas, tycinisminor f'mamgl nedidelismodified I'modr,fardl pakeistasmug ImAgl uzpulti ir apiplestimurder l'm3:dgl (nu)zudytiobject 19b'd.3ektl priestarauti, nesutiktioffence Ig'fensl nusikaltimasoffender Ig'fendgl nusikaltelisoffensive Ig'fensrvl uzgaulus, izeidZiantispackage l'prekrd.3! paketas, siuntinyspatrol Ipg'trgull patruliuoti, patrulispickpocketing f'prk,pobtrI)1 kisenvagysteplead Ipli:dl atsakyti i kaltinimq, (ne)prisipazintiportable f'p:>:tgbIl nesiojamasis
priority Iprar'or;)til prioritetas, svarbiausias dalykasprocess I'pr;)uses/ apdoroti, perdirbtiproof Ipru:fl irodymasprosecution l,prosr'kju:JnJ kaltinimas; prokurorasprovide Ipr;)'vardl patiekti, pariipintiprowl Ipraull smizinetipunch /pAntJI kumsCiuotipunishment l'pAllIJm;)ntl bausmeput through l,put'8ru:1 uzbaigti, ivykdytirape Irerpl isprievartautirecession In'seJnJ nuosmukisreassure l,ri:;)'Ju;)1 nuraminti, patikintirejectln'<tekt! atmesti, at(si)sakytirelease In'li:sl isleisti, paleistirepresentative I,repn'zent;)trv/ atstovasreward In'w:J:d! atpildas; atlygisrob lrobl apiplestirule Iru:lI valdytirun for l,rAn 'hi kelti savo kandidaturflrural 1'[O;)r;)ll kaimosecure /sr'kju;)1 saugusself-governing l,self'gAv;)llIIJI savivaldasentence I'sent;)nsl nuosprendis; nuteistisevere /sr'vr;)/ smarkus, sunkus, grieztasshortcoming !'J:J:t,kAmrIJI triikumassinister I'sIllrst;)1 kraupus, gresmingas
smuggling ~::sneak Ism:,,- -'. _.:speak out pzre: .'-suicide I'SU:l,
summit (meetina /'s. virSunill susitikimassupportls;)'p:J:t! paremti. palaikytisupreme Isu'pri:m/ auksciausias, didziausiastease Iti:zl erzintitormentlh 'ment! kankinti, kamuotitrack Itnekl (su)sektitrade union J'trerd 'ju:nj;)nJ profs~ungatreaty (on) I'tri:til sutartis (del)trend Itrend! kryptis, tendencijatrial J'trar;)l! teismo procesastrigger l'tng;)1 duoti postumiunpredictable I,Anpn' drkt;)bll nenuspej amasup-end lAP' end! apverstiverdict J'V3:drkt! (prisiekusit{jl{ teismo) sprendimasvicious J'vrS;)s/ piktas, nirsusvictim J'vrktrml aukavoluntary I'vol;)nt(;))ril savanoriskasvote (for; against) Iv;)ut! balsuoti (ui; prieS)website I'web ,sart! tinklapisweird Iwr;)d! keistaswitness I'wrtn;)sl liudininkas, -e; liudyti
ADDITIONAL WORD BANKl:overnment and politicsFederation: a political union of several states for control of foreign affairs, defence, etc by the central (Federal) governmentbut keeping regional (State) government for other things. The USA is an example of such a political union. Republic: a countrywhich has a president and is governed by elected representatives. Empire: a group of countries under a single supreme authority.parliament: a supreme law-making assembly (in GB the House of Commons and the House of Lords)Member of Parliament (MP): a representative of the people in Parliamentelect: to choose someone or something by voting; to call I hold an election; politics: the actions or activities whichpeople use to achieve power in a country, society, or organisation I don't know much about politics, but I always supportthe Centre Coalition Party. Politics is a difficult science. policy: the programme of action of a particular party or govern-ment or a rule of behaviour (not necessarily connected with politics) After the war British policy was rather confused. Ishonesty the best policy? (the best way to act?)politician: someone for whom politics is a career; leader; leadership He took over the leadership of the Liberal Party twoyears ago.names of political parties: the Conservatives, the Labour Party, the Liberal Democrats, the Socialists, the CommunistParty, the Centre Coalition Party, the Republican Party etc; the judicial l<tu:'drSl! system teismine sistemaNATO J'nert;)ul - North Atlantic Treaty Organisation: a military association between the USA, Canada and several westerncountries; UN - United Nations; supranational /,su:pr;)'meSn;)l! going beyond national boudaries; involving more than one country
war and peaceair force oro laivynas; ally J'relar/ sfliungininkas The two countries were allies at that time. ally I;)'lar, 'relar/ prisijungti, taptis~ungininku; alliance I;)'lar;)ns/ s~unga; army; be in the army tarnauti armijoje; battle Hundreds of people were injuredand dozens of buildings were dnmaged in the battle. During the battle the dead and wounded were flown out in helicopters.break out prasideti, kilti Civil war has broken out in the north of the country. bullet J'bulrt! kulka; casualty auka (sliZeistasisar uZmustasis) The enemy suffered heavy casualties. disarmament Idrs 'a:m;)m;)nt! nusiginklavimas; neutral A country thatdeclares that it will not involve itself in a war is a neutral country. missile I'rnrsarlJ raketinis ginklas; a ground-to air missile;nuclear missiles; guided missile valdoma raketa The explosion of the missile resulted in 650 casualties.a refugee l,refju'<ti:1 pabegelis Thousands of refugees have crossed the border looking for food and shelter.war; be at war kariauti; weapon I'wep;)n/ ginklas; nuclear weapon Rifles, arrows, bombs and tanks are all weapons.
crime and justicedefend sb in court ginti kfl nors teisme; find guilty pripazinti kaltu; handcuff uzdeti antrankius; send sb to prison / jailpasodinti i kalejimq; set free islaisvinti; take fingerprints; to release sb from prison / jail paleisti is kalejimo; be ontrial teisiama(s) She is on trial for murder. break the law nusizengti
IRREGULAR VERBSNetaisyklingieji veiksmazodziai
Bare Past tense Past MeaningInfinitive biltasis Participle reiksmebendratis laikas biitojo laiko
. dalyvis
arise arose arisen iskilti, pasirodytibe was, were been biiti
beat beat beaten suduoti, musti
become became become tapti
begin began begun pradetibend bent bent (su) lenkti
bite bit bitten k'lsti
blow blew blown piisti
break broke broken lauzyti, dauzyti
bring brought brought at(si)nesti, at(si)vezti
broadcast broadcast broadcast transliuoti
build built built statyti
bum burnt burnt degti, deginti
burst burst burst sprogti, prasiverzti
buy bought bought pirkti
catch caught caught gaudyti, sugauti
choose chose chosen rinkti, pa(si)rinkti
come came come ateiti, atvykti
cost cost cost kainuoti
cut cut cut pjauti, kirsti, kirpti
deal dealt dealt !ureti reikalll
dig dug dug kastido did done daryti
draw drew drawn piesti, tempti
drink drank drunk gerti
drive drove driven vairuoti, varyti
eat ate eaten valgyti
fall fell fallen kristi
feed fed fed maitinti( s)
feel felt felt jausti
fight fought fought kovoti, kautis
find found found (su)rasti
fly flew flown skristi
forbid forbad(e) forbidden uzdrausti
forget forgot forgotten uZffiirSti
freeze froze frozen susalti, uzsalti
get got got gauti, pasiekti
give gave given duoti
grow grew grown augti, auginti
hang hung hung kabeti, (pa)kabinti
have had had !ureti
hear heard heard girdeti
hide hid hidden slepti
hold held held laikyti
hurt hurt hurt suzeisti, lskaudinti,skaudeti
keep kept kept laikyti, saugoti
know knew known zinoti, moketi
lay laid laid (pa )deti, (pa )guldyti
lead led led vesti, vadovauti
leave left left palikti
Bare Past tense Past MeaningInfinitive biitasis Participle reiksmebendratis laikas biitojo laiko
dalyvis
lend lent lent (pa)skolinti
let let let leisti
lie lay lain guleti
lose lost lost pralaimeti, pamesti
make made made (pa)daryti, gaminti
mean meant meant reiksti
meet met met suesi)tikti
pay paid paid moketi (pinigus)
put put put padeti
read read read skaityti
ride rode ridden joti, vaziuoti
rise rose risen keltis, kilti
run ran run begti
say said said sakyti
see saw seen matyti
sell sold sold parduoti,pardavineti
send sent sent sillsti
shake shook shaken kratyti, purtyti
shine shone shone sviesti
shoot shot shot sauti
show showed shown rodyti
shut shut shut uzdaryti, uZverti
sing sang sung dainuoti
sit sat sat sedeti
sleep slept slept miegoti
speak spoke spoken kalbeti
spend spent spent (is)leisti, praleisti
split split split skaldyti, (su)skilti,plysti
spread spread spread (pa)tiesti, sklisti
stand stood stood stoveti
steal stole stolen vogti
stick stuck stuck smeigti, klijuoti
strike struck struck suduoti, musti
swear swore sworn prisiekti, keiktisswim swam swum plaukti
take took taken imti, nesti, vesti
teach taught taught mokyti
tear tore torn plesyti
tell told told pasakyti, pasakoti,liepti
think thought thought galvoti
throw threw thrown mesti, sviesti
understand understood understood suprasti
upset upset upset nUliiidinti, prislegti
wake woke woken pabusti
wear wore worn deveti, nesioti
weep wept wept verktiwin won won laimeti
wind wound wound (pa )sukti, prisukti
write wrote written rasyti
VERB TENSES. ACTIVE VOICEVeikiamosios rUsiesveiksmazodziqlaikqlentele
do not + Vdoes not + V
do V?does V?
amis + Ving
aream notis not +Ving
are not
am Ving?is Ving?are •.. Ving?
have
has + V3
have not
has not
have V3?has V3?
have been
has been
have not been
has not been + Ving
have been Ving?has been Ving?
Ved/V2
(played, went)
did not +V(did not see)
did V?(did see?)
was
were + Ving
was not
were not + Ving
was ...+ V. ?
were ... mg'
• reguliariai pasikartojanCiusveiksmus• bendras ties as ir desnius• budingas veiksnio ypatybes• iProcius ir paprocius• busim'lii veiksmq, kuris ivyks pagaltvarkarasti, bendr<t planq, program<t
• veiksmq, vykstanti kalbamuojumomentu• siuo laikotarpiu vykstanti veiksm<t• suplanuot<t netolimos ateitiesveiksm<t• veiksmq, kuris nuolat pasikartoja irerzina kalbetoj<tNB veiksmazodziai, neZymintysveiksmo, nevartojami tltstine laikoforma (like, hear, love, fear, want,see, believe, remember, belong, seemetc)• praeities veiksmq, susijusi sudabartimi (tikslus veiksmo laikasnezinomas)• veiksmq, prasidejusi praeityje irbesitltsianti dabartyje (suveiksmazodziais neturinciaisContinuous form1.0• vis dar aktualll praeities veiksmq,kurio padariniai jauciami dabar• veiksmq, daug kartll vykusi praeityjeir dar nesibaigusi• praeityje prasidejusi veiksmq, kurisvyksta ir dabar• veiksmq, prasidejusi praeityje,besitltsianti arba kit tik pasibaigustPasibaiglts veiksmas daznai yra kitoveiksmo rezultatas. Kalbantysisaiskina dabartines situacijos priezasti.
• veiksmus (faktus, bl1senas),ivykusius praeityje ir nesusijusius sudabartimi (veiksmo laikas dafuiausiaizinomas)• kartotinius, iPrastUs veiksmus,vykusius praeityje ir nesusijusius sudabartimi• veiksmus, vykusius vienas po kitopraeityje
'veiksmq,vykusi tam tikru momentupraeityje (veiksmo pradzia ir pabaiganeZinomi)• du ar daugiau tuo pat metu vykusillveiksmll• veiksmq, vykusi tam tikru momentupraeityje ir pertraukt<t kitu trumpumomentiniu veiksmu
Pavyzdziai
I study every day.The sun rises in the east.On Sundays banks don't work.He doesn't always study hard.Carol usually gets up at six o'clock.Does she like knitting?The train to Dover leaves at 8.00 pm.What do you think of my new car?
Look! It is raining.What are you doing now? - I amrevising for the exams.What are you thinking about?Carol is not working this weekend.We are having fish today.I am meeting Phil on Friday.You're always I constantly forgettingpeople's names.
I am free now because I have justfinished my work.The cake he has made is on the table.Has he written the letter?We have known each other for twoyears.I've had a headache all day. I still feelthe pain.He has played for England four timesso far.
We have been waiting for twentyminutes. Mes laukiame dvideSimtminuCiI{.How long has she been talking on thephone? Kaip ilgaiji snekasi telefollu?I am very tired because I have beenpainting the room all day. AS esu labaipavargfts, nes visq dienq daiiaukambar{
I saw Andy last month.When did they marry?We didn't go camping in May.She often played dolls when she was achild.He opened the window, looked downthe street and saw a strange car.
At 9 o'clock last night we werewatching TV.
I was studying while my brother waswatching TV.
What were you doing when I calledyou yesterday?
Nurodomiejizodziai
usuallyalwaysoften, neversometimesevery (day,time etc)in (the morningetc), twice a year
nowstillat the momentthis (week)at presentnowadays
yet, justsince, foralreadylatelyrecentlyso farever, nevertodayall day etc
forsincelatelyall morning(week etc)how long
yesterdaylast (October,week, night)ago, when ... ?in (1998, May)on 28 Julywhen (we werein Paris) etc
whilewhen
at 6.00 lastMondayetc
had + V](had wri tten)
• veiksm1i, kuris ivyko pries tam tikrilmomentil praeityje• veiksm1i, ivykusi pries kitil veiksmilpraeityje• veiksmil salutiniuose laikoaplinkybes sakiniuose su jungtukaisbefore, afterNB lei pagrindiniame sakinyjepavartotas Past Simple, 0
salutiniame - Past Perfect, tai reiskia,kad salutinio sakinio veiksmas (PastPerfect) vyko (ar ivyko) anksciau uzpagrindinio sakinio veiksmil (PastSimple).
By six o'clock in the evening, Tomhad finished all his work. Iki seStosvalandos vakaro Tomas buvo pabaigltsvisq savo darbq.When we got to the airport, the planehad already landed. Kai mesnuvykome i oro uostq, lektuvas jaubuvo nusileidlts.Before we had walked ten miles, shegot tired. Dar mums nenuejus desimtmylil{, ji pavargo.NB She said she had had no time tomake a cake. ii pasake, kadji neturejolaiko iskepti pyrazq.I had been repairing the car for threehours, when he called. Kaijispaskambino, as jau tris valandastaisiau masinq.She was exhausted because she hadbeen travelling all night. ii buvoisvargusi, kadangi keliavo visq naktj.
I expect we'll see them at the partytonight.Let me help you. I'll carry thatsuitcase for you.I'll come there, I promise.
They will still be working at five.Penktq valandqjie dar dirbs.This time next week we will bepacking for our holiday. Tokiu laikukitq savaitlt mes krausimes daiktusatostogoms.At IO o'clock tomorrow she'll beworking in the garden. Rytoj 10 val. jidirbs sode.By 2003 he will have worked here forten years. 2003 metaisjis bus dirbltsCia deIimt met!{-Will they have bought a new house bythe end of this month? AI' jie busnusipirklt naujq namq iki sio menesiopabaigos?He won't have fixed the car until thisevening. Jis nebus pataisltsautomobilio iki sio vakaro.
By six he will have been working fortwo hours. Sestq bus dvi valandos, kaijis jau dirba.
whenby the timebeforeafteralreadyjusttillfuntilby ten o'clock(midday etc.)never etc
whenfor, sincebeforeafterhow longuntil etc
tomorrownext (week,month etc)tonightsoonin a week (yearetc)
tomorrowtonightnext (week,month etc)in two (three,etc) dayssoon etc
byby the timebeforeuntilftill
byby the timebeforeuntilftill
Laikq derinimas. Future-in-the-Past laikaiButinybe derinti laikus damiausiai iskyla netiesiogineje kalboje. Laila.J.derinimo pagrindines taisykles tokios:1lei pagrindiniame sakinyje veiksmaZodis pavartotas vienu is buttUqlaiktJ., salutiniame sakinyje veiksmaZodis taip pat turi buti pavartotas biituojulaiku. Tom said he was going to stay at home. Tomas pasake, kad jis pasiliks namuose.2 lei salutinio sakinio veiksmas ivyko anksCiau negu pagrindinio sakinio biitasis veiksmas,jis reiskiamas Past Perfect laiku.Palygillkite: She said she was ill. Ji pasake, kad serga. She said she had been ill. Ji pasake, kad sirgo.3 lei pagrindiniame sakinyje veiksmaZodis pavartotas biituoju laiku, salutiniame sakinyje busimojo veiksmo negalima reiksti Future laikais,jireikia reiksti praeities biisimaisiais (Future-in-the-Past) laikais, kurie sudaromi pagalbinius shall / will pakeiCiant should! would.Palyginkite: She hopes she will be in lime ii likisi, kad bus laiku. She hoped she wOllld be in time. Ji tikejosi, kad bus laikll.
had not + V](had not found)
had V]?(had drawn?)
• veiksm1i, kuris prasidejo pries tamtikr'l momentil praeityje ir tuomomentu dar tl<sesi• veiksm1i, kuris tl<sesi tam tikrillaikilir jo rezultatai buvo akivaizdiispraeityje
• pranasaujam1i, numatom1i, spejam'lateities veiksmil. Labai dafuai poveiksmazodziq be sure, think,believe, expect, hope, know, supposeir su prieveiksmiais perhaps,possibly, probably, surely.• spontanisk'l sprendim'l• kalbanciojo pasiryzim'l atliktiveiksmil
• veiksm1i, kuris vyks ( tl<sis) tamtikru momentu ateityje
• veiksm1i, kuris bus uzbaigtas iki tamtikro momento ateityje
• besitl<sianti biisim'l veiksm1i, kurisbus prasidejl<s pries tam tikr'l ateitiesmomentil ir tl<sisiki to momento
I My room has always been a refuge to me.2 One may face various problems while staying in a foreign country.3 Mothers should not go to work until their children start school.4 There are many reasons why people leave their country.5 The media can help with learning English.
6 Smoking is an expensive habit.7 There are a lot of advantages of having a mobile phone.8 Sport is very important in everyone's life.9 Having lots of money doesn't make one happy.10 There are many reasons why I am studying English.
InformalI You are on a working holiday in Ireland. Write a letter to your friend giving details and impressions.2 You had arranged to meet a friend in town but it was quite impossible for you to be there. Explain why you were not able to meet him / her,apologise for the inconvenience you have caused and suggest another meeting.3 A friend who lives abroad will shortly be visiting your country and has asked you to make arrangements for his / her stay. Write a letterinforming him / her of what you have done.4 You have received a present of some money from a relative. Write a letter thanking him or her for the present and saying what you intendto do with it.5 Your first letter to a pen-friend in America.6 A letter congratulating a friend of yours who has just finished school.7 While travelling abroad last summer you exchanged addresses with a person whom you had only known a short time. Write a letter giving newsof yourself.8 A friend has asked you to recommend a good car-route to a well-known resort. Write a letter giving her / him advice and suggesting the placesshe / he should see on the way.9 You should have written a letter to a relation long ago to thank him / her for apresent but you forgot. Write a letter of thanks in which youapologise for the delay in answering.FormalI You have just returned from a holiday which was not at all what you expected. Write a letter of complaint to the travel agent who arranged itfor you.2 A computer you ordered has arrived but has been damaged in transit. Write a letter to the firm concerned pointing this out and asking whataction they propose to take.3 Write to an English publishing firm asking for a catalogue of their latest publications.4 You booked a room at a hotel abroad but now find that you will be unable to travel. Write a letter cancelling your confirmation.5 An organisation abroad has offered scholarships for those wishing to study languages at a university. Write a letter stating your qualificationsand requesting that an application form be sent to you.6 A foreigner has written to you inquiring about a flat you wish to let. Write an answer to this inquiry.7 While in England you paid a visit to an English school. Write a letter of thanks to the Headteacher for all he did to make your visit interesting.8 You have seen an advertisement in a newspaper inviting young people to work as camping leaders with children of all ages. Write your letterof application.
Expressing opinion
I Will life be better in the future?2 Lithuanian and Maths are more important subjects than Art and Music.3 Friends or family, which is more important?4 Should parents limit the amount of television their children watch?
Providing solutions
I What can we do to make Lithuania an attractive country for tourists?2 The ways to maintain health and fitness.3 What could be done to stop the growth of crime?4 The ways to make your school more attractive for the students.
For and against
I Positive and negative aspects of travelling by bicycle.2 Good and bad points of being rich and famous.3 The advantages and disadvantages of the increasing use of technology.4 The advantages and disadvantages of owning a mobile phone.
I The usefulness of computers.2 The role of marriage in today's society.3 Too much money is spent on sport when it could be used to help the poor.4 The generation gap is inevitable.
5 Are you in favour of or against exams being abolished?6 Is a school uniform necessary?7 Is school the best preparation for your working life?8 Should smoking be banned in all public places?
5 The ways of protecting the environment in your area.6 The ways to improve the learning of foreign languages.7 How should endangered species be protected?8 What might be done to reduce smoking among young people?
5 The advantages and disadvantages of owning a car.6 The pros and cons of watching TV.7 The advantages and disadvantages of living in a block of flats.8 What are the benefits and drawbacks of vegetarianism?
5 Genetic engineering causes a number of worrying problems.6 The costs offast-developing technology.7 Money causes a lot of problems.8 What can we do to reduce global litter?
TYPE OF INTRODUCTION MAIN BODY CONCLUSIONCOMPOSITION
ADVANTAGES / Paragraph 1 Paragraph 2 Paragraph 3 Final paragraphDISADVANTAGES state topic 1-+ advantages / arguments -+ disadvantages / arguments -+ restate the topic giving balanced(FOR AND AGAINST) for & justification against & justification consideration / opinion
EXPRESSING Paragraph 1 Paragraph 2 Paragraph 3* Final paragraphOPINION state topic & your f--+ viewpoint I& reason r--- viewpoint 2 & reason 1-+ restate opinion using different
opinion clearly words
*when writing composition expressing opinion, you may include the opposite point of view (otherpeople's opinion) in a separate paragraph before the conclusion (final paragraph)
PROVIDING Paragraph 1 Paragraph 2 Paragraph 3* Final paragraphSOLUTIONS state the problem 1-+ suggestion 1 & reason 1--+ suggestion 2 & reason / 1-+ summaIise opinion or give best
/ justification justification suggestion & reason
*the number of paragraphs in the main body depends on the number of suggestions you want tomake
DISCURSIVE Paragraph 1 Paragraph 2 Paragraph 3* Final paragraphCOMPOSITION state topic 1-+ one point of view (eg political) 1-+ another point of view (eg economic) ~ give your own opinion on the
(personal opinion & opposite (personal opinion & opposite opinion) subject based on the pointsopinion) already mentioned
* the number of paragraphs in the main body depends on the number of viewpoints you want tostate and discuss. Some of the following aspects should be included: psychological, social, educational,political, moral, historical, economic, religious, scientific, artistic, geographical, personal
Typeof Greetings Opening phrases Middle paragraphs Closing phrases Endings
letter
Z Dear Sir or I am writing to you in To begin with, I would like I would be grateful if you Yours faithfully,0.... Madam, connection with ... to know ... would / could reply as soon (jei kreipinys~ Dear Sirs, I am writing with regard to / In addition, I would be as possible. Dear Sir / Madam,):E To whom it may in regard to / with grateful if you could Thanking you for your time~0 concern, reference to ... inform me ... and assistance.~ I am writing to ask if you Furthermore, I would be I would like to thank youZ.... Dear Mr / Mrs / could inform me about ... grateful if you could also in advance. Yours sincerely,~ Miss / Ms / Dr I was interested in your inform me about ... I look forward to your reply (jei kreipinys0~ Brown, advertisement in ... Finally, I would be at your earliest Dear Mr / Mrs /e,;, I would appreciate some interested in knowing ... convenience. Miss / Ms / DrZ further information about ... I look forward to hearing Brown,)....~ Referring to your from you.rJJ~ advertisement published in ...
Dear Sir or I am writing to give you As for ... I hope this information will be Yours faithfully,Z Madam, information about ... Concerning ... of some help to you ... (jei kreipinys0 Dear Sirs, I am writing in reply to your Regarding ... I would be happy to supply Dear Sir / Madam.)e,;, •..•~ To whom it may letter concerning / dated ... As far as ... is / are you with any further
~:E concern, In reply to your letter concerned ... information ... Yours sincerely,~~00 concerning ... If you need further (jei kreipinys
~ Dear Mr / Mrs / With reference to your letter information, do not hesitate Dear Mr / Mrs /Z Miss / Ms / Dr of ... to contact me. Miss / Ms / Dr....
Brown, Brown,)
Dear Sir or I am writing with regard to / I have studied / been I look forward to hearing Yours faithfully,Z Madam, in connection with your working for ... from you.! I look forward to (jei kreipinys0.... Dear Sirs, advertisement in ... I am presently your favourable reply. I Dear Sir / Madam.)
~ To whom it may I am writing to apply for the working for ... hope my application will beU concern, position of (job) advertised I am familiar with / taken into consideration.....~ in (where) on (date) experienced in / If you feel that my~~ Dear Mr / Mrs / I am interested in applying for fluent in ... qualifications meet your Yours sincerely,~~ Miss / Ms / Dr the job of ... As you can see from my requirements, note that I am (jei kreipinys0 Brown, curriculum vitae, ... available for an interview at Dear Mr / Mrs /~ I believe I am suitable for your convenience. Miss / Ms / Drr.l the position of ... I enclose / have attached a Brown,)Eo-<Eo-< I consider myself copy of my curriculum vitaer.l~ well-qualified for the outlining my qualifications
position of ... and experience.
Dear Sir or I am writing to complain about The problem is ... I believe I am entitled to a Yours faithfully,Madam, / make a complaint about ... I must mention / point out ... partial/full refund / (jei kreipinys
Dear Sirs, It was completely different To make matters worse ... immediate action / a Dear Sir / Madam,)To whom it may from ... As if that was not bad replacement.
Eo-< concern, enough .,. I would be grateful if youZ I am writing to you regarding / I was shocked / surprised ... would deal with this matter....~ Dear Mr / Mrs / in connection with ... I feel it To my amazement / as soon as possible. Yours sincerely,~~ Miss / Ms / Dr is absolutely unacceptable ... surprise ... I feel sure / am confident (jei kreipinys:E Brown, / I am dissatisfied with ... Your advertisement / that this matter will receive Dear Mr / Mrs /0U brochure was misleading ... your prompt attention. Miss / Ms / Dr~ I regret that I am obliged to In your advertisement / I am afraid that if this matter Brown,)0 complain about ... brochure you state is not dealt with~ Unfortunately, it was nothing otherwise. immediately, I will ...r.lEo-< like what I expected. You failed to mention that ... r hope to hear from you asEo-< soon as possible.r.l You led me to believe that ...~ I look forward to hearing
from you. Thanking you inadvance.
