14-Economics and Emissions - STC Mainstc.umsl.edu/essj/unit4/14-Economics and Emissions.pdf · 2010. 12. 2. · CSI: Climate Status Investigations-High School 3 The Keystone Center

CSI: Climate Status Investigations-High School

1 The Keystone Center

Economics and Emissions Math

Goal: Students produce a manufactured good, monitor energy consumption, encounter international government regulations, make choices about emissions and energy choices, and share findings in order to understand how international commerce could affect GHG emissions and the economy. Objectives: Students will …

Understand basic math and accounting skills Participate in a business simulation Learn how greenhouse gas emissions affect business

Materials (for class of 30):

At least 3 classroom volunteers, administrators, co-workers or former students 80 sheets of plain white paper 80 popsicle sticks 8 kitchen timers 8 sets of markers 1 set of company labels 8 plant sites 2’ x 2’ square of paper 8 – 9”x12” envelopes 32 pairs of safety goggles 10 toy windmills 10 small sheets of aluminum foil 1 box paper clips 1 pad graph paper 8 pairs of scissors 8 rulers 1 tape measure 20 photocopied paper tree cutouts 1 Economics and Emissions-Fate Cards sheet Photocopied money 8 Economics and Emissions – Global Nobrac Protocol Alert Sheets 8 Economics and Emissions – Nobrac Protocol Contracts 30 Economics and Emissions – Business Report Sheets 9 copies of the Economics and Emissions – International Bureau of Plane Safety

Code 8 Economics and Emissions – Student Direction Sheets 16 Economics and Emissions – Company Roles Sheets 8 Economics and Emissions – Accountant’s Ledger Sheets 1 Overhead transparency of Economics and Emissions – Lightning Boltz Power

Company Prices Sheet 8 Economics and Emissions – Lightning Boltz Power Company Billing Sheets

Time Required: Three, 45-60 minute class periods



Standards Met: C3, E1, E2, E3, E4, E5, E7, E8, E13, G5, M1, M2, M3, LA4, LA5, LA7, LA11, LA12 Procedure: PREP

Make 8 containers with company names on the front for each multi-national company to include:

o 10 sheets of plain 8” x 12” paper o 2 Economics and Emissions – Company Role Card o 1 Economics and Emissions – Student Directions Sheet o 1 Economics and Emissions – IBPSC Sheet o 1 Economics and Emissions – Accountant’s Ledger Sheet o 1 Economics and Emissions – Lightning Boltz Power Company Billing

Sheet o 1 Economics and Emissions-Energy Pricing and Information Sheet o 10 wooden popsicle sticks o 1 set of markers o 1 plant site (2’ x 2’ square of paper) o $2,000.00 in cash

Make envelopes or boxes for each of the following: o Global Climate Change Research Team Representatives: 1 Economics

and Emissions – Airplane Purchase Evaluation Sheet o United Gov’ts Compliance Officer: 8 copies of Economics and Emissions –

Global Nobrac Protocol Alert, Nobrac Protocol Contract, money (approx. $2,000 in small bills), 10 windmills, 1 box of aluminum foil, 1 box of paper clips, 1 packet of graph paper, 10 pair of scissors, 10 rulers, 20 tree cut outs

o Lightning Boltz Power Company Representative: 8 kitchen timers and a pen

o International Bureau of Plane Safety Representative: 1 tape measure, 1 International Bureau of Plane Safety Code Sheet, 1 pen or pencil, 32 pair of flight goggles (safety goggles)

You may want to color code all company sheets. DAY ONE

Set the scene with students. Explain that they will be participating in a business simulation. They will be in a company that will be asked to design and manufacture airplanes.

Explain that there is a Global Climate Change research team that needs a fleet of 10 planes to transport its scientists around the world to collect data. They will be the final reviewers and will choose the company and/or companies from which to purchase the planes.

Their goal is to make a fleet of planes that meets government regulations, is the most environmentally conscious, has an appealing design and remains fiscally sound. The Global Climate Change Research Team will only buy airplanes that have accompanying documentation of the manufacturing process. This is not a race; teams should take the time to make informed decisions about their choices in all aspects of the simulation.



Divide students into 8 groups. Assign these groups to one of the multi-national companies.

Hand out multi-national company containers. Review the contents of the containers and read through all instruction sheets

as a group. Have each group read their role cards and determine which roles they will be in

the group. Place the Economics and Emissions – Lightning Boltz Power Company Prices

transparency on the overhead and review the costs of each energy source. Allow time for students to ask questions before they begin. Remind each group that their ultimate goal is to make money! Complete Stage 1 of the activity.

DAY TWO

Complete stages two and three of the activity. DAY THREE

Complete stage four of the activity. Assessment:

Participation in the activity Completed paperwork



Economics and Emissions – Stage Summaries

The information below summarizes activities that should occur in each stage of the lesson. Stage 1

Students are introduced to the various energy sources, cost and related emissions by the Lightning Boltz Power Company representative (teacher/volunteer). Ask the volunteer to review the information on the Economics and Emissions – Energy Sources and Information sheet to the group. Leave an overhead of the sheet displayed for the entire activity.

Students then determine what energy they need and purchase it from Lightning Boltz Power Company. The energy is sold in ten minute increments. Associated emissions are included in their contract with Lightning Boltz Power Company.

Energy is used in ten minute increments and is measured using a kitchen timer obtained at the Lightning Boltz Power Company.

An International Bureau of Plane Safety Code (IBPSC) representative explains the specific standards by which each plane will be measured to the entire class.

Students design and begin producing their first airplane. Remind students that they will eventually be trying to sell their product so they

should try to make it as attractive as possible. Remind students that it is not a race to the finish. Each company must complete a successful test flight according to IBPSC

standards. Refer to the IBPSC information sheet for specifics. Remind companies that they may only perform one supervised test flight in the

test flight area for each prototype airplane. Once companies have received design approval for their airplanes, the IBPSC

representative gives each company employee a pair of flight goggles (safety goggles or something similar).

Stage 2

While producing airplanes, students receive a news flash introducing them to the Global Nobrac Protocol. They must reduce their GHG emissions by 10% to continue production, pass out Economics and Emissions – Global Nobrac Protocol Alert sheets.

A United Governments representative explains the different methods companies can use to lower GHG emissions.

Students are given time to determine their company’s choice for reducing GHGs by 10%, the entire time, they are still using energy.

Once reduction methods are chosen, each business must complete an Economics and Emissions – Nobrac Protocol Contract stating how their company will comply. The contract is signed and approved by the United Governments representative.

Students continue to manufacture airplanes.



Companies each take a turn drawing fate cards. They must continue to manufacture and make changes while experiencing some real world business challenges.

Stage 3

When a fleet of ten airplanes has been manufactured, companies must complete all of the information on the Economics and Emissions – Ledger Sheet and turn it in along with their fleet for the Global Climate Change team to evaluate.

The Global Climate Change Team Representatives will then determine from which company or companies they will purchase a fleet.

Stage 4

Debrief the activity using the Economics and Emissions – Business Report.



Economics and Emissions – Teacher Debrief Guide and Background Information

The Kyoto protocol - A brief summary

The Kyoto Protocol is a plan created by the United Nations for the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change that tries to reduce the effects of global warming. The plan says that countries that adopt (follow) the Kyoto Protocol have to try to reduce how much carbon dioxide (and other “greenhouse gases” which could hurt the atmosphere) they put into the air.

The full name of the Kyoto Protocol is the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. It is called the Kyoto Protocol because it was made in Kyoto, Japan. The Kyoto Protocol was officially put into “full force” on February 16, 2005. On February 16, Russia began to follow (ratify) the Kyoto Protocol and it was decided to be put into “full force”. As of February 2005, 141 countries have agreed to follow the Kyoto Protocol, who make up for about 55% of the greenhouse gases released into our atmosphere.

http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto_Protocol

CSI: Climate Status Investigation-High School REPRODUCIBLE


Economics and Emissions – Student Directions

DIRECTIONS:

1. CLEAR OFF YOUR DESK. Each group will be operating an airplane

manufacturing company. All work and storage must be done on your plant site. Plant sites will be represented by the large sheet of paper in your company envelope.

2. DECIDE YOUR COMPANY ROLES to get started. 3. PURCHASE POWER. Purchase power from Lightning Boltz Power Company

before you start working on your plane. YOU CANNOT OPERATE (THAT MEANS DISCUSSING DESIGN, etc. WITHOUT POWER). Record your power transactions on the Economics and Emissions-Lightning Boltz Power Company Billing Sheet.

4. KEEP RECORDS. Keep detailed records of everything your group spends.

Designate one person in your group to be the accountant. All money transactions must be recorded on your accounting ledger sheet.

5. READ YOUR REGULATIONS. Your group must produce an airplane following

the regulations you have been given. Your product manufacturing must follow any government regulations and meet specifications – or the final customer may reject it, and you will lose money.

6. DISCUSS A DESIGN. As a group talk about your design and how you will

manufacture your plane. Make sure everyone has input. 7. BEGIN PRODUCTION. As soon as you have made some decisions about your

airplane, get started! 8. COMPLETE LEDGER SHEET. Once you have finished producing your fleet,

complete the Economics and Emissions – Ledger Sheet and turn it in along with your fleet to the Global Climate Change Research Team.

9. EVALUATE YOUR EXPERIENCE. Once you have finished the activity,

individually complete the Economics and Emissions – Business Report.



Economics and Emissions – Company Roles

Your goal is to create a fleet of 10 airplanes to present to United Governments representatives. Currently, your bank account shows a balance of $2,000. To create your fleet of planes, you should:

1. Assign the roles below. 2. Learn about various energy sources, cost and related emissions from the

Lightning Boltz Power Company representative’s presentation. 3. Determine the energy source your group will use and send the Energy

Purchasing Representative to purchase it from Lightning Boltz. 4. Review the plane safety code and design and produce your first plane. 5. Bring your prototype to the testing site. Complete a test flight of 10ft and get

your plane’s design approval signature from the IBPSC representative. 6. You will receive flight goggles for each employee at this time. They must be

worn during by all employees during the production of your fleet. 7. Produce your fleet!

This is not a race! Your company needs to create the most efficient, attractive and economical fleet of planes. Ground Rules:

Your company CANNOT operate at all if you aren’t using power. This includes even discussing anything related to your company!

You may not tear your piece of paper (plane body) in any way. You are only allowed ONE test flight per prototype. Additional flights will result

in your fleet being grounded and confiscated. To retrieve your planes, you will pay $100 per plane.

Design Coordinator: All members of your company should participate in designing your airplane, but it is your job to make sure that all members’ ideas are taken into consideration when making the decision on the final design. You work with the Regulations Compliance Specialist to make sure that your design meets the IBP Safety Code. You are also responsible for making sure that your plane flies so that the Global Climate Change research team wants to purchase your fleet. You will closely monitor the production of your fleet of planes for quality control. Name of Design Coordinator: Regulations Compliance Specialist: You are responsible for making sure that your product meets all government and international regulation agency standards. When your plane is ready to be evaluated, and you are ready to perform a test flight, it is your job to communicate with the IBPSC. If there are any modifications needed for your design, it is your job to decide upon the most cost-efficient way to make the modifications to meet code. Name of Regulations Compliance Specialist:



Energy Purchasing Specialist: You will be responsible for purchasing the power needed for your company to do business. Along with the other members of your company, you will determine which power source you would like to purchase and keep accurate records as to the amount of power used and at what cost. Should any government energy regulations be put in place during the production process, it will be your responsibility to evaluate how best to comply with the regulation while working closely with the accountant to consider cost. Name of Energy Purchasing Specialist: Accountant: You are responsible for keeping the accountant ledger for your company. You need to work closely with all members of your company to monitor expenses and decide on final sales price based on production costs. When it is time to sell your product, you will be responsible for wheeling and dealing with the Global Climate Change Research Team. Name of Accountant:



Economics and Emissions – Global Nobrac Protocol Alert

The governments of England, United States of America, South Africa, Saudi Arabia, Argentina, Japan, Germany and Australia hereby declare that all manufacturing

businesses operating in the aforementioned countries must reduce industrial emissions by 10% due to a high level of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere.

The protocol was approved by the United Governments in an effort to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Companies operating in the aforementioned countries who currently carry emissions must determine ways in which their company can reduce GHG emissions and take immediate action before continuing the production process.

WAYS TO REDUCE GHG EMISSIONS Technique Cost Percent GHG emissions reduced

Plant Trees $200 per tree Each tree reduces by 2% Purchase new energy technology

1 Windmill costs $300 1 Solar Panel unit $300

Each technology reduces by 5%

Improve energy efficiency at your plant site by switching off the lights at night time.

FREE Reduces 1%

Improve technology

$250 per ruler $250 per 10 Paper clip $250 per 10 Pieces of graph paper $250 per pair of Scissors

Each technology reduces by 4%

In order to proceed with manufacturing you must complete the Nobrac Protocol Contract and present it to the United Governments Nobrac Protocol Office where you may negotiate your emissions reductions and purchase any needed materials.



Economics and Emissions – Nobrac Protocol Contract

Our company, , is reducing its greenhouse gas emissions by 10% in accordance with the Nobrac Protocol effective immediately. To do so, we will: SIGNED: Company Representative United Governments Representative



Economics and Emissions – Spruce Tree Form



International Bureau of Plane Safety Official Signature

Economics and Emissions – International Bureau of Plane Safety Code

Any airplanes manufactured for flight in the airspace of England, United States of America, Argentina, South Africa, Japan, Germany, Saudi Arabia or Australia, must adhere to the following design and manufacturing guidelines. Any manufacturing company who fails to comply with this code will incur fines and penalties.

1. Planning, design and manufacture of airplanes may only take place when the company has a valid energy supply purchased from Lightning Boltz Power Company.

2. All planning, design and manufacture of airplanes may only take place on the

company plant site.

3. All airplanes must include, and be able to support during flight, the international regulation fuselage (popsicle stick).

4. All airplanes must display the manufacturing company name and country of

origin.

5. Once your company design has been approved by a Bureau of Plane Safety Official, you may perform one supervised test flight for each design. Prototype airplanes (the first one you make) must be inspected before you can manufacture your fleet of aircraft.

6. Any companies involved in performing an illegal test flight will have any and all

planes currently manufactured or in the process of being manufactured confiscated by the Bureau of Plane Safety, quarantined for a period of 10 minutes and only returned to the company for the fee of $100 per plane or part of a plane.

7. All planes must fly at least 10 feet (the flight path is not required to be straight)

in order to be considered for sale.

8. Planes may only be sold to the Global Climate Change Research Institute after the prototype has been cleared and approved by the Bureau of Plane Safety.

I HAVE INSPECTED THIS DESIGN AND GIVE MY SEAL OF APPROVAL TO THIS COMPANY.

____________________________



Economics and Emissions – Lightning Boltz Power Company Billing Sheet

Type of Power

Purchased in 10 minute increments

Cost Amount of Emissions

Approval of Lightning Boltz Representative

TOTAL



Economics and Emissions – Company Sheets

Safari Manufacturing Outer Savannah

South Africa

Kangaroo Engineering Koala City Australia

Turbonitchi Planes Mosushi

Japan

The Royal Aviation Company Inc. West Limeyton

England

Planes R Us Big Town

United States of America

Meserschmit Machines Klienschnitzelwiener

Germany

Tango Technology Juanvolante Argentina

Sandy Aeronautics Abadabadoo Saudi Arabia



The United States of America

Ten Ten Dollars Dollars

10 10

10 10

The United States of America Ten Ten Dollars Dollars

10 10

10 10


10 10

10 10

The United States of America

Ten Ten Dollars Dollars

10 10

10 10


10 10

10 10


10 10

10 10

The United States of America Ten q Ten Dollars Dollars

10 10

10 10


10 10

10 10


10 10

10 10


10 10

10 10



The United States of America Twenty Twenty Dollars Dollars

20 20

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The United States of America FIFTY FIFTY Dollars Dollars

50 50

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The United States of America One Hundred One Hundred Dollars Dollars

100 100

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The United States of America Two Hundred Two Hundred Dollars Dollars

200 200

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Economics and Emissions – Accountant’s Ledger Sheet

Company name: Employee’s names: Starting balance: Ending balance:

WHAT YOU PAID FOR (EXPENSES) PRICE

TOTAL EXPENSES:

PRICE PER PLANE PRICE (TOTAL EXPENSES / 10)

Price Per Plane: Type(s) of Energy Used: Total Emissions:



Economics and Emissions – Fate Cards

Hurricane Brooke is moving over the gulf coast of North America and the oil refineries in the region have been badly affected. The price of oil has risen to $75 a barrel and all companies are paying more to ship their airplane parts. All companies must pay $150 in extra shipping and handling fees.

There is a strike at the wind power station. Workers are demanding Patagonia wind-proof jackets to wear while on the job. Anyone using wind power must pay a fee of $200 for a mediator to work with the company and union to work out the labor dispute.

A crippling drought in central China means the world’s largest hydroelectric dam will temporarily close. Any company using hydroelectric power must stop production for 5 minutes and pay a fine of $100 to restart.

Due to the Global Nobrac Protocol airplanes must also reduce their GHG emissions. Therefore, all airplanes which have been completed must be retroactively fitted with a catalytic converter at a total cost of $50 per finished airplane.

All the coal-fired power plants in your region have joined a group insurance plan for its employees that includes vision and dental for all employees. The price of coal has therefore been raised to $40.00 per 10-minute increment for all companies using this form of energy.

The company that makes solar panels has been forced out of business due to declining sales. Therefore, solar paneling will no longer be manufactured or maintained. Any company using solar power as their source of purchased power from Lightning Boltz Power company must immediately stop using that power source and find an alternative.

The Global Federation of Nations is honoring one company with the Most Kind to the Environment Award. The company who has the least emissions so far will receive $200.

There has been an explosion at the Glowing River Nuclear Energy Plant. Two employees have been killed and several are hospitalized with radiation exposure. The plant is currently closed due to a pending international investigation. Any company using nuclear power must stop production for 5 minutes and then convert to another power source.



Economics and Emissions – Energy Pricing and Information Sheet

Type of Energy

Amount available (MW)

Start-up fee

Why? Cost per 10 minutes

GHG emissions per 10 minutes

Nuclear (Limited)

20 minutes max per company

$ 1,100 Building a nuclear reactor and power plant

$ 40.00 0

Coal-fired power plant

Unlimited

$ 1000 Building a coal-fired Power plant

$ 20.00 200

Natural Gas (Limited)


$ 500 Building a refinery and Power plant

$ 80.00 100

Hydroelectric Power (Limited)


$ 800 To build a dam

$ 100.00 0

Wind Power (Limited)


$ 900 Building wind mills and a wind farm

$ 140.00 0

Solar Power (Limited)


$ 1,200 Erecting solar panels

$ 200.00 0



Economics and Emissions – Business Report

Name: Your role in the company: Directions: Answer the following questions based on your experience and your classmates’ experiences during the Economics and Emissions activity.

1. How did you decide what to charge for your product? 2. Did your company make or lose money? Why?

3. How did the regulations on plane manufacturing affect your company?

4. In a few sentences, write your company’s emission strategy. Would that strategy continue working if your company had to reduce GHGs again? What are some of the long-term things that could happen to a company in this situation?

5. How much did your group end up spending during the last round where the fate cards came into play?

6. Was any group not affected by the emission credit program?

7. In a short paragraph, describe what parts of the manufacturing process were successful and what parts could have been improved. List ways your company might have done things differently.



Economics and Emissions – Role Cards

Volunteers playing roles may wear a costume to represent their role or a nametag. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Lightning Boltz Power Company Representative – Alec Tricity Your company specializes in energy produced by coal fired power plants, wind mills, natural gas, hydroelectric power, nuclear power and solar energy. You will supply energy to the 8 multi-national airplane manufacturing companies. Your company is expected to supply energy for all businesses. Refer to the Economics and Emissions – Energy Pricing and Information Sheet for details. You will closely monitor companies and make sure that they have a power supply when they are manufacturing their product. At an appropriate point in the game you may offer credit for companies who have run out of money. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The Global Climate Change Research Team Representative You will evaluate the finished fleet of airplanes and purchase the ones which best meet the criteria on the airplane purchase evaluation sheet. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- International Bureau of Plane Safety Representative – Jet T. Akeoff You will be responsible for all questions regarding the design and flight of the company airplanes. (See International Bureau of Plane Safety Code Sheet.) You will man the test flight area and conduct test flights and sign off on companies moving forward into the production stage. Set up a test flight area somewhere where you have space to conduct test flights of 10 feet. Mark the test flight area with masking tape. Students will come to you for their test flight. Once you approve their prototype, sign the bottom of their Economics and Emissions – IBPSC Sheet. Give company representative flight goggles for each of their employees. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- United Governments Global Nobrac Protocol Compliance Officer – Claire D’air You will make the announcement that the Global Nobrac Protocol has been ratified (see Global Nobrac Alert Sheet). You will hand out the Nobrac protocol alert and answer any questions. You will then sell solutions to companies and sign off on their Global Nobrac Contract. During the later stages of stage three you will also announce a series of incidents that will affect airplane manufacturing globally. Each company will pick a fate card from the box during the manufacturing process and the fate will apply to all companies. You will administer this stage. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



Economic and Emissions –

Airplane Purchase Evaluation Sheet

Company Amount of emissions

Cash on hand at the end of the

game

Complete documentation of the manufacturing

process

Sandy Aeronautics

Kangaroo Engineering

The Royal Aviation Company Inc.

Planes R Us

Meserschmidt Machines

Turbonitchi Planes

Safari Manufacturing

Tango Technology

Documents

14-Economics and Emissions - STC Mainstc.umsl.edu/essj/unit4/14-Economics and Emissions.pdf · 2010. 12. 2. · CSI: Climate Status Investigations-High School 3 The Keystone Center