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1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene

1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene  is a   nitrated benzene-derivative

that is classified as a high explosive, being moderately

explosive in liquid form and extremely explosive in its

dry powder form. It has a clear to light yellow sludgy

appearance. It will detonate under strong shock. High

temperatures, whether by sudden heating of any quantity,

or by the accumulation of heat when large quantities are

burning, will also cause detonation. The material can re-

act vigorously with reducing materials and is incompat-

ible with sodium dichromate or   sulfuric acid.[2] It must

be stored in a cool, ventilated place, away from acute firehazards and easily oxidized materials. It also reacts vio-

lently with aluminium, boron phosphide, cyanides, esters,

PN2H,   phosphorus,   NaCN, SnC12,   sodium hypophos-

phite,  thiocyanates, etc. When heated to decomposition

it emits highly toxic fumes of  NOx. It is an extremely

powerful oxidizing agent which may cause violent reac-

tion with reducing materials.[3]

1 Uses and applications

Trinitrobenzene is used primarily as a high explosive for

commercial mining and military use. Some other uses

include a narrow-range pH indicator, an agent to vulcan-

ize natural rubber, and a mediating agent to mediate the

synthesis of other explosive compounds.[4]

2 Safety Precautions

It is recommended that people avoid contact if possible.

Avoid breathing dusts, and fumes from burning or re-

acting material. Wear appropriate chemical protective

gloves and goggles. Do not handle broken packages un-

less wearing appropriate personal protective equipment.

Wash away any material which may have contacted the

body with copious amounts of water or soap and water.

Do not store near other chemicals (especially other ox-

idizers), near sources of heating, or places where rapid

temperature changes may occur. In case of spillage im-

mediately soak with water and carefully and slowly clean

up. In case of fire let burn; DO NOT attempt to put outthe resulting fire. In any case where the compound is in-

gested call Poison Control Center immediately.[5]

3 Health problems

The most common modes of exposure are either direct

contact with the substance or through drinking contam-

inated water. 1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene is believed to cause

similar health problems as TNT. Exposure to high con-

centrations most commonly causes   anemia, or the re-

duced ability for blood to carry oxygen. As a result of

the lack of oxygen, the skin typically becomes blue or

purple in color. Other symptoms of exposure include

headache, nausea, and dizziness. The long term effectsfrom exposure are not known because no long term stud-

ies of health effects have been performed. It is believed

that long term exposure will cause sterility (especially in

males) and cataracts. It is unknown if Trinitrobenzene

causes birth defects or cancer.[6]

4 See also

•   TNT equivalent

•

  RE factor

5 References

[1]   Record of 1,3,5-Trinitrobenzenein the GESTIS Substance

Database from the IFA

[2] (Sax and Lewis, 1987) p.839.

[3] (SAX and Lewis, 1987) p.664.

[4] John Pike (1997-05-21).  “Explosives - Nitroaromatics”.

Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 2013-10-28.

[5]   “TRINITROTOLUENE (TNT) AND TRINITROBEN-

ZENE MIXTURES [OR] TRINITROTOLUENE (TNT)

AND HEXANITROSTILBENE MIXTURES”.  CAMEO 

Chemicals   (Chemical Datasheet). National Oceanic and

Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original

on May 28, 2010.

[6]   “ATSDR - Redirect - ToxFAQs™: 1,3-Dinitrobenzene

and 1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene”. Atsdr.cdc.gov. 2010-07-20.

Retrieved 2013-10-28.

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http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts74.htmlhttp://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts74.htmlhttp://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chemical/17641http://web.archive.org/web/20100528125813/http://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chemical/17641http://web.archive.org/web/20100528125813/http://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chemical/17641http://web.archive.org/web/20100528125813/http://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chemical/17641http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/munitions/explosives-nitroaromatics.htmhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Healthhttp://gestis-en.itrust.de/nxt/gateway.dll?f=id$t=default.htm$vid=gestiseng:sdbeng$id=038290https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RE_factorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TNT_equivalenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anemiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poison_Control_Centerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen_oxidehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiocyanatehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_hypophosphitehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_hypophosphitehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_cyanidehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esterhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanideshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron_phosphidehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminiumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfuric_acidhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_dichromatehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzenehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitro_compound

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