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Aztecs called themselves Mexica. Tenochtitlan Marketplace by Diego Rivera. Mountains and lake provide natural defense of city. 1345 Aztecs built Tenochtitlan at Lake Texcoco Snake on cloth represents Quetzalcoatl- goddess of creation. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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1345 Aztecs built Tenochtitlan at Lake Texcoco
Snake on cloth represents Quetzalcoatl- goddess of creation
The city was an important religious center filled with pyramids topped with temples
Slave laborer is identified by simple loin cloth
Mountains and lake provide natural defense of city
Importance of family as mother carries child in rebozo
What raw materials would be used to create mats?
Aztecs called themselves Mexica
Petates, or mats, were woven out of reed
Tenochtitlan Marketplace by Diego Rivera
Spanish ConquestHernan Cortes 1519Aztecs surrender 1521
Winged angel shows partnership of Church and Cortes
Cortes is carrying an iron sword – resting on dismembered bodies of Aztec victimAztecs had no metal to match iron’s strength
Fire in background represents widespread destruction of Spanish soldiers and smallpox.What is this?
Cortes is a machine… symbolic of European technology
Conquest by Jose Orozco
Small pox decimated Aztecs
Colonial Domination by Diego RiveraCross, Spanish flag and sword represent colonization
Cuauhtemoc, last Aztec emperor, bowing to conquistadors
Conquistadores use branding iron to brand Indian slave
Brutal labor of gold mines
Yoked to plow
Bag of goldSpaniards are dressed in armor and wearing European hats
Euro faces drawn as animals
Huge land grants given to Spanish - encomiendas
Rivera attempted to summarize 300 years
Total Indian population fell from 25 million to 1 million by 1700
Fight for Liberty by Jose Orozco Mexican
Independence 1810-1821
Father Hidalgo (killed 1811) against Spanish ruleColor red – death and violence
Masses of people – popularity of independence movement among Indians and mestizos.
Priest’s collar and cross – role of Church in rebellion
What do you think a fiery machete represent?
Machete is symbol of agriculture and fire is revolt.
Hidalgo and Father Morelos both executed during war by Mexican creoles (Spanish decedents)Creole Agustin Iturbide then lead independence from Spain, but without reforms of masses
Criollos – Spanish descent
Benito Juaraz 1831-1872 and the Fall of the Empire by Jose Orozco
Juarez - Zapotec Indian - first to bring legitimate reforms to MexicoMexican flag – patriotism of middleclass
Violent colors
Control of Church
Machetes in hands of peasants
1862 – Mexico conquered by France (Napoleon III). Archduke Maximilian of
Austria became Emperor of Mexico. Cinco de Mayo = Mexican victory, though French
eventually won war.
Juarez leadership came against European intrusion from Spain and France
1867- Juarez conquered Mexico City and executed Maximillian Then continued his reforms until his death in 1872
1855 – overthrew dictator Santa Anna, began reforms
Repression by Diego RiveraThe peasants are
being held at gunpoint by government forces
The sickle is held by a bent over worker. During this time period, peasants lost their lands and were forced to work on large haciendas for little or no wages.
Rurales, or government forces, are seated on horseback and are wearing carbines. The man wearing the sombrero and holding the whip is overseeing the workers. These two images symbolize the forms of coercion used to make the peasants work on the haciendas.
The Trench by Jose OrozcoMexican RevolutionBy 1910,
dissatisfaction of Diaz regime lead to open revolt.“Viva la Revolucion”
Three soldiers mirroring the Christian Trinity, add religious element to the movement
The carbines and rifle reinforce the atmosphere of revolution
Red – violent and bloody nature of 10-year long revolution
Sharp angles of bodies inject drama
Land Distribution by Diego Rivera
The faces of the rich men show their anger at their land being redistributed.
The government bureaucrat is indicating with his outstretched arm the land that is to be given to the campesinos. He points to a blueprint showing land parcels.The legal books indicate the government’s commitment to the redistribution of hacienda land, a commitment made into law by the Constitution of 1917.
The campesinos are holding their rifles in nonthreatening positions, signifying an end to the violence of the revolutionThe
campesinos have taken off their sombreros, a sign of the solemn nature of the occasion
Murals are also a form of personal
expression as well as historical.
Mexican American murals are a very
popular form of art today.
Your assignment:•Create a mural of your own
life.•Include significant events,
images and pictures that will make it symbolic of your own personal culture and history.
•Make it colorful and meaningful.