PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTSE. Transitions Elements

Transitions elements are elements from group 3 to Group 12.

Character: - solid with shiny surfaces - ductile - malleable - high tensile strength- high melting and boiling points- high densities - good conductors of heat and electricity

(typical character of metals)

How to differentiate transition metal from other metal?

Three special characteristic for transition elements1. Transition elements show different oxidation number in their

compounds. 2. Transition elements form coloured ions or compounds. 3. Transition elements and their compounds are useful catalyst.

1

1. Transition elements show different oxidation number in their compounds.

They exhibit a wide range of oxidation states or positively charged forms. The positive oxidation states allow transition elements to form many different ionic and partially ionic compounds.

All the transition elements except scandium and zinc have more than one oxidation number.

For example iron. Iron have 2 oxidation number as in iron(II), Fe2+ and iron(III), Fe3+

Example:Compound Formula Oxidation numberIron(II) sulphate FeSO4 +2Iron(III) chloride FeCl3 +3Copper(I) oxide Cu2O +1Copper(II) sulphate CuSO4 +2Manganese(II) sulphate MnSO4 +2Manganese(IV) oxide MnO2 +4

2

http://chemistry.about.com/library/weekly/aa122002a.htm

2. Transition elements form coloured ions or compounds

Gemstones

Transition metals solutions

http://chemistry.about.com

Ruby Emerald Sapphire Amethyst

cobalt(II) nitrate(red)

potassium dichromate(orange)

potassium chromate(yellow)

nickel(II) chloride(light blue)

copper(II) sulfate(blue)

potassium permanganate(purple)

3

Do you know why the gemstones have different colour?

3. Transition elements and their compounds are useful catalyst

Catalyst: Chemical substance use to speed up the chemical reactions

A specific catalyst is used for a specific reaction.

ExampleProcess Catalyst To produceHaber Process Iron filling, Fe Ammonia Contact Process Vanadium(v) oxide, V2O5 Sulphuric acidOstwald Process Platinum, Pt Nitric acidHydrogenation Nikel, Ni Margarine

Transitions elements are widely used in our daily lives.

[power point]

Kamal AriffinSMKDBLhttp://kemhawk.webs.com

4

file:///var/www/My Power Point/Kimia Intan UTM 2006/PERIODIC TABLE/transition elements/Uses of Transtion Element.ppt