130930May04 1

Why We are Changing the Army

130930May04 2

The Strategic Context

Combatant Commanders need versatile, potent land power

We have 364,000 SOLDIERS overseas in 120 countries

• We are a nation at war

• This is a prolonged period of conflict for the US with great uncertainty about the nature and location of that conflict

• We must be able to defuse crises and/or defeat aggression early to prevent escalation, limit damage

• Thus, we need flexible, rapidly deployable forces and sufficient depth and strength to sustain multiple, simultaneous operations

130930May04 3

• War is the norm, peace is the exception

• Our adversaries seek adaptive advantage through asymmetry

• We have near peer competitors in niche areas

• Conventional Force on Force conflicts are still possible

• There is an enormous pool of potential combatants armed with irreconcilable ideas

• Our homeland is part of the battlespace

• We are adapting to these challenges NOW

Challenges for the Current Force

3

130930May04 4

Corps(2-5 Divisions)

Corps(2-5 Divisions)

Army(2-5 Corps)

Brigade(3 or more Battalions)

Squad(2-4 Teams)

Platoon(3-4 Squads)

Company(3-5 Platoons)

Battalion(3-5 Companies)

Brigade(3 or more Battalions)

Brigade(3 or more Battalions)

Division(3 Maneuver Brigades)

COMMAND LEVEL

LIEUTENANT GENERAL

MAJOR GENERAL

COLONEL

GENERAL

LIEUTENANT COLONEL

CAPTAIN

LIEUTENANT

STAFF SERGEANT

Third ArmyEighth Army

I CorpsIII CorpsV Corps

XVIII Corps

10 Active Divisions2 Integrated Divisions

8 ARNG Divisions10,000 - 18,000 Soldiers

400-1,000 Soldiers

60- 200 Soldiers

16- 50 Soldiers

3,000 - 5,000 Soldiers

4 - 12 Soldiers

100,000 - 300,000 Soldiers

40,000 - 100,000 Soldiers

The Army Today

Additional Unit Types:

Armored Cavalry RegimentSeparate Brigade

Aviation BrigadeCorps Artillery

Military Intelligence BrigadeAir Defense Artillery BrigadeEngineer BrigadeSignal BrigadeChemical BrigadeMilitary Police BrigadeSpecial Forces GroupRanger RegimentSpecial Operations Aviation RegimentCivil Affairs BrigadeCorps Support CommandMedical BrigadePersonnel GroupFinance GroupTransportation GroupQuartermaster GroupExplosive Ordnance GroupPsychological Operations Group

130930May04 5

What the Current Force Looks Like

The Army Division = traditional building block

But…• Optimized for major land campaigns against similarly

organized forces• Large, fixed organizations with interconnected parts• Requires extensive reorganization to create force

packages• Limits Regional Combatant Commander’s ability to mix

and match packaged capabilities for multiple missions• Limited Joint capabilities

We’re good, but we can be better…

= ~15,000 Soldiers & Equipment (typically over 20,000 when deployed)

DIVISION

XX

130930May04 6

Clear Need for Change

We need to generate more versatile combat power because…

• We have extended worldwide commitments

• We will remain at war for the foreseeable future

• We must be more responsive to Combatant Commanders’ needs

A Campaign Quality Army with Joint and Expeditionary Capabilities

130930May04 7

How to Change

We must create units that are more relevant to Regional Combatant Commanders and generate versatile combat power with units that are…

• More self-contained, sustainable, lethal force packages

• Organized with capabilities for the full range of missions

• Truly joint interdependent – a trained and ready member of the joint force

• Comprised of adaptive, competent, and confident Soldiers and leaders

A Campaign Quality Army with Joint and Expeditionary Capabilities

130930May04 8

From Division to Brigade - Centric

FROM: An Army based around large, powerful, fixed organizations

XX

Division Division

TO: An Army designed around smaller, more self-contained organizations

. . . and modular multi-functional Support Brigades

X

BrigadeBrigade

CombinedArms

ArmedRecon

CombinedArms

Fires Intelligence Engineer

MP/SecuritySignal Logistics

MP/Security

Chemical

Aviation Fires Sustainment RSTAMNVR

EN

Reconnaissance, Surveillance, and Target Acquisition

Maneuver Enhancement

Field Artillery

Military Police

Intelligence

Engineers

ChemicalDivisionTroops

Aviation

MechanizedBrigade

LogisticsSupport

Division Cav (Recon) Signal

Armor BrigadeArmor Brigade

A More Ready and Relevant Force

130930May04 9

Supporting brigades with standard headquarters, but variable subordinate units

X

ManeuverEnhancement

Standard maneuver brigades with organic combined arms capabilities

X

StrykerFCS

X

FutureHeavy

X

With Brigades as Building Blocks

X

Reconnaissance,Surveillance,

Target Acquisition

X

Aviation

X

Fires

X

Sustainment

SUST

X

Infantry

(Less than 4,000 Soldiers in each Brigade)

130930May04 10

Tailored Land Forces for Regional Combatant

Commanders

4 3 2 1

Employing the Army in the Joint Force

UEx

UEy

Units Available Headquarter(s) &Command Posts

++ A Commander

Heavy Infantry RSTA Fires

Aviation Sustainment Maneuver Enhancement

SOF

Spec Op Forces

Multi-national

Multi-national

Joint/Other Service Assets

Joint/OtherAssets

130930May04 11

• Units not tied to division base.

• Simultaneous deployment from multiple power projection platforms.

• Units not tied to division base.

• Simultaneous deployment from multiple power projection platforms.

Projecting the Army Worldwide

• Basing supports a campaign quality Army with joint and expeditionary capabilities.

• Power projection platforms provide full range of support for responsive deployment, employment and sustainment of forces.

• Basing supports a campaign quality Army with joint and expeditionary capabilities.

• Power projection platforms provide full range of support for responsive deployment, employment and sustainment of forces.

CY

130930May04 12

We Call This Approach Modularity

• Modularity is packaging units into flexible configurations

• Modular units are rapidly deployable, responsive, agile, tailorable and discrete packages of land force combat power

130930May04 13

FY04 FY05

We are Converting the Army Now

Common organizational designs for Active and Reserve

Active Component

Build

Active Component Reorganize

Reserve Component Reorganize

FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10

Total:

77-82ManeuverBrigades

33 Brigades

10 - 15 Brigades

34 Brigades

130930May04 14

Everything we do is designed to support the Soldier

A heritage of fighting and winning our Nation’s Wars

Traditions reflected in our unit’s lineage and honors

The Soldier is the Centerpiece of All Our Units

The Soldier is the Centerpiece of All Our Units

What Isn’t Changing

14

130930May04 15

Conclusion

• We are adapting to the current and projected operational environment

• We are creating modular brigades and command and control headquarters to better meet Combatant Commanders’ requirements

• Modularity is the foundation for building a Campaign Quality Army with Joint and Expeditionary capabilities

130930May04 16

Why We are Changing the Army

Back Up Slides

130930May04 17

Briefing Coordination

John McDonald

John Gingrich

BG Ralston

LTG(R) Jordan

EOH Stratcoms (Patti Benner & staff)

OCLL (staff)

SecArmy speechwriter

OFT (staff)

G-3 Army Transformation Office (staff)

TRADOC CPG and Stratcoms

TF Modularity

Congressional Staff

SASC Maren Leed

SAC-D Betsy Schmidt

SAC-D Nicole Diresta

130930May04 18

Impact

New organizations and warfighting concepts +

Stabilized combat and support forces

+Rebalanced Active and Reserve force mix

+Adaptive, competent, and confident Soldiers and leaders

=

Immediately ready forces for uncertainty of the early 21st century

130930May04 19

Transforming Over Time

FRONTIERARMY

ARMY OF

EXPANSION

COLD WAR ARMY

WARFIGHTINGARMY IN THE“WAR TO END ALL WARS”

WARFIGHTINGARMY WW II & Korea

HEMISPHERIC DEFENSE

(ISOLATIONISM)

CONSTABULARYMISSION

?

130930May04 20

Restructuring Today’s Army

• Modularity: creating brigade sized building blocks of combat power

• Stabilization: creating more cohesive and capable units and providing predictability to Soldiers by extending the length of assignments

• Rebalancing: adjusting the types and mix of AC and RC units

To produce more combat power for Combatant Commanders

130930May04 21

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DIV

xxDIV

xx

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llllllll

xxx

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llllllll

llllllll

llllllll

llllllll

xxx xxx xxx xxEngineerBrigade

SPT MI

Infantry Armor Artillery Sustainment Aviation Engineers

Air Defense

Intelligence

SupportBrigade

AviationBrigade

ArtilleryBrigade

ManeuverBrigade

No joint assets

XX

but

Brigade Combat Team

InfantryArmorArtilleryEngineersIntelligenceSustainment

The Task Organization Challenge

Current Division• Powerful organization• Great utility in major campaigns

To Create Brigade Combat Team• Break apart division leaving incomplete residual behind• Activate Reserves to support deploying brigade task forces• Reorganize less flexible structure

130930May04 22

MissionsJoint – Campaign Level

– Integrates the military instrument with other instruments of national power

– Integrates all elements of the joint force.

Current Organization

Army

Corps

Division

Brigade/Regiment/Group

Battalion/Squadron

Company/Battery/Troop

Platoon

Squad/Section

Fire Team/Crew

Soldier

Army Fighting Forces

100K+

70K+

15 -17K

1.5K

600

100-150

30-50

10-12

4-6

1

Soldiers

• Tactical – Engagements–Close Combat.–Generates specific effects / outcomes within the AO.

Tactical – Battles– Puts together complementary

and reinforcing capabilities with engagements to achieve military conditions within a specified Area of Operations (AO).

Operational – Major Land Operations– Plan and execute major land

operations.– Orchestrates Joint, Interagency

& MN operations.– Execute Administrative Control

and Army Support to Other Services.

130930May04 23

Mission Category 1• Offensive, Defensive, and Security Missions in open or mixed terrain• Against either regular or irregular forces• Premium on mobile protected firepower balanced with dismounted infantry

Versatile and Complementary Capabilities

Mission Category 2• Offensive, Defensive, and Security Missions in or near urban terrain against either regular or irregular forces• When in Forced Entry or Early Entry context, premium is on C-130 transportability and wheeled mobility• Premium is on infantry strength and mechanical transport• Mobile protected firepower is an asset

Mission Category 3

• Offensive and Defensive Missions in close terrain (mountains, jungle, forests) against either regular or irregular forces

• Premium is on infiltration by foot and air assault mobility

Infantry Brigade Unit of ActionInfantry Brigade Unit of Action

Stryker Brigade Stryker Brigade

Heavy Brigade Unit of ActionHeavy Brigade Unit of Action

Heavy Bdes (Armor, Mechanized, Armored Cavalry)

Heavy Bdes (Armor, Mechanized, Armored Cavalry)

Light Bdes (Airborne; Air Assault; Light; Light Cavalry)

Light Bdes (Airborne; Air Assault; Light; Light Cavalry)

Pa

stM

od

ula

r

130930May04 24

Modularity and The Army’s Need to Change

Modularity: Provides capabilities-based units at the Brigade level to Regional Combatant Commanders with responsive, fully mission-Capable combat and support organizations that operate in a Joint, Combined or Multi-National environment.

Why Change:• Provides greater capacity for rapid and tailorable force capability

packages• Improves strategic responsiveness for full spectrum operations

Offers:• Embedded Joint capabilities and connectivity• Organic staff precluding augmentation• Interdependent Joint communications, ISR, and fires• Deployable, separable Command Posts• Organizations capable of C2 and/or support of Joint and multi-national forces

130930May04 25

• The Army, as well as each service, are indispensable, and vital components of the Joint Team

• The Army will always conduct operations—offensive, defensive, stability, and support—in a joint and expeditionary context

• Prompt, sustained, and decisive land combat power acts in concert with air and naval power to ensure a synergy that gives the Joint Force capabilities and power well beyond the sum of its parts

• In a few short years, the Joint Force has moved from independent, de-conflicted operations to sustained interoperability• The Joint Force must now move rapidly to joint interdependence

Joint Interdependence