13. Regional Islamic Architecture

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    Tgbehlcm Emcieo CtofepgopwtgKcwlzwt } Ckigt } _cctci

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    fppz;( (d,aw,g w(ige(p gcofelbicpgtecm(ihswg,fpim

    3, SedmcRcmmcmm ihswg iwp acog Igooc, Pfgsedmc- rfeof igcl etgopehl el Ctcdeo- fgmz wmhocpg pfcp etgopehl hlog el pfg ihswg,

    4, Ieftcdpfe e c icmm ohlocqg leofg el pfg oglpgtha pfg sedmcrcmm pfcp cmh fgmz el`eocpg pfg`etgopehl ha ztcugt,

    ?, Ieldctpfg pcetocg rfgtg pfg Eici ht ztcugtmgc`gt remm pcl` ph c``tg pfg ohiiwlepu,

    0, Ielctgplhp cmrcu elomw`g el gctmu ihswg- epfc lhr dgohig cl gglpecm ictngt ha ep

    zwtzhg, Ep e c mgl`gt phrgt higpeigcppcofg ph pfg ihswg zthzgt, Pfgu ohig el cmmfczg cl e{g, Hpphicl ihswg ha Pwtngu- ahtgvcizmg- fcqg epelop thongp)fczg ielctgp,

    7, Cdmwpehls ctgcacwogp ht c zhhm ha rcpgt ocl dgwg aht cdmwpehl, Pfg ctgc ocl dg ele g pfgohwtpuct` ha pfg ihswg ht hwpe`g pfg ihswgrcmm, Iwmei iwp omgcl pfget fcl`- aggp cl`acog dgahtg ztcuelb> h cmm ihswg fcqg c zmcog

    ph zgtahti pfe omgclelb,

    1, Fctcipfe e pfg ohqgtg` ctgc el athlp ha pfgsedmcrcmm,

    2, _cflpfg ohwtpuct` wtthwl`g` du rcmm- cl`higpeig ohqgtg ctoc`g,

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    Ztepfqetck Ofcwfcl&twmgt ha @gmfe%

    Ihfciig Bfwte&hqgttcl Zwlkcd ! el %

    Swpwdw` elCedcn&tgztgglpcpeqg ha Bfwte

    Glpfthlg feigma c _wmpcl capgtBfwte`gcpf%

    Dgbel Swpwd Ielct

    Empwpief

    Nfcmke &Cmc)w`)`el Nfcmke%

    Pwbmcn&Bfeuc w` el Pwbmcs%

    Ihfciig del Pwbfcmn

    Agth{ _fcf

    _cuue pcng hqgt _wmpclcpg

    Mh`e

    Dcdwt

    Iwsmeit

    wmgdg

    belselEl`ecahtlgvp

    1::ugcts

    Dcdwt3747

    Fwicuwl

    @gagcpg du fe glgiu _fgt _fcf_wte

    Fwicuwl tgohqgt fe pfthlg3777

    Cndct3771

    Kgfclbet31:7

    _fcf Kcfcl3146

    Cwtclb{gdOthrl feigma el 3146

    Zgtecl Twmgt Lc et _fcf

    I

    W

    B

    F

    C

    M_

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    Cpcmc Icke`Kcwlzwt- WZ- El ec

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    Dwemp el 30:6 &37pf oglpwt u% du _wmpclEdtcfei &Edtcfei _fcf%

    El Wppct Ztc`gf

    Fc mhp ha Fel`w elamwglogpcl` hl pfg epg ha c Fel`w pgizmg haCpcmc @gqe

    Pfg glpetg ohlptwopehl ha pfg ihswge el btcu cl`phlg cl btclepg,

    Cpcmc Icke`

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    Zumhl . Ctof . Zumhl

    _otgglg (qgemg `hig

    Kcwlzwte Agcpwtg

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    Pfg `hig pfcp e otgglg dgfel pfg mercl

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    C Gvpgteht cthwl pfg Gcp glptclogD Oglptcm erclO Ztcugt thhi)Acoc`g

    @ _hwpf relbG @hig OfcidgtA Lhtpf relbPfg 4l phtuThha phz

    fppz;((rrr,eho,w)phnuh,co,kz(|emcicto(RgdZcbg3(fpiXglb(kcwlzwt(cpcmc:Xg,fpi

    _swctg)fczg ihswg repf thdwp czzgctclog-

    Wg ha btgcp tgopclbwmct zumhl el pfg oglpgt ha mercl- elamwglog ha oetowmct pczgtelb pwttgp ha Pwbfmcstghmqg elph tgopclbwmct

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    Rfcp e c ercl(mercl8

    Mercl e c rht wg elog cloeglp p eig elph pfg ztgglp ph tgagt ph c mhlb lctthr)athlpg`fcmm ht qcwmpg zhtpcm ahwl el Mgqclpelg fhig pfcp e hapgl hzgl ph pfg hwpe g,

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    Pfg `hig ha pfg icelclopwctu e octteg hlswelofg, Cmpfhwbf ep e tceg`

    hl cl hopcbhlcm `twi- ep e pemmlhp qeedmg athi pfg ohwtpuct``wg ph pfg eizhelb fgebfp hapfg glptu ercl- c epelopeqggmgiglp ha Kcwlzwtectofepgopwtg, Ele g pfgclopwctu e phlg ieftcd leofgrepf c teddg gie)`hig-amclng du pfg phlg ieldct, Pfg`gohtcpehl ohlep icelmu haoctqg amhtcm zcppgtl,

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    Pfg bcmmgtu relb fcqg prh)amhhtcl ctg oglpgtg cthwl `hig`

    thhi repf c ieftcd cl` ohwtpuct`glptclog,

    Pfget amcp ogemelb ctg wzzhtpg hlprel ohmwil cl dgci tgpelb hldtcongp,

    Pfg pftgg `hig` thhi ha pfg

    ztcugt fcmm zthkgop dguhl pfg sedmcrcmm- repf pczgtelb pwttgp dtcoelbpfget ohtlgt el pfg icllgt ha@gmfe" Pwbfmwse` ctofepgopwtg,

    EICBG _HWTOG;fppz;((rrr,hdgtmel,g`w(eicbg(ctp4?0(ZtgI,fpim

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    C`fce el nc KfhiztcCkigt

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    C`fce el nc Kfhiztc- Ckigt

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    C`fce el nc Kfhiztc- Ckigt

    Mhocpg` hl pfg hwpnetp ha pfg phrl-C`fce @el nc Kfhlztc e cl gvcizmgha gctmu El`h)Emcieo ctofepgopwtg,

    @geblg du Cdw Dcnt ha Fgtcp- pfgC`fce @el nc Kfhlztc dgmegqg` phfcqg dggl dwemp el prh cl c fcma `cu-cl e pfw lcig C`fce) el,

    Cooht`elb ph clhpfgt phtu pfg lcige `gteqg athi c prh cl c fcma `cu

    acet fgm fgtg gqgtu ugct,

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    Ep e swctg 475ap hl gcof e g repf omhepgthl cmm ahwt e g,

    Ep glomhg c zcoehw ohwtpuct cl ahwt

    zmgl e pct fczg omhepgt phrgt hl ahwtohtlgt- wtihwlpg du icbleaeoglp ofcppte,

    Pfg phlg wg e aelg)btcelg zwtg emeoehwphlg ohmhwtg` ugmmhr du ethl, Ep htebelcmmuphh hl c febf pgttcog repf pfg dconphrct` pfg femm,

    Pfg pgizmg ha mgctlelb rc hl pfg rgpgtle g cl glptclog hl hwpf cl gcp, Pfgelpgteht ohlepg ha c swc`tclbmg 4::ap v E27ap, Pfg ohmmgbg dwem elb e ce ph fcqg dggldwemp el 7? C@ du Qecm gqc- pfg aetp Ofcwfcltwmgt,

    Pfg omhepgt gvpgl`g 22:ap lhr ep e hlmu10ap mgap> ep rc gpthug du Bfwtej cppcon

    hl Ckigt el EE54, Bfwtej igl c``g gqglctofg el athlp ha pfg rgpgtl e g- cl cigftcd cl` ieidct lgct ep, Pfg igftcd e harfepg ictdmg cl rc c``g el EE55 C@, Pfgotggl rcmm rc c``g `wtelb pfg peig haEmmpwief el E4E? C@,

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    fppz;((rrr,ohmwidec,g`w(epo(igcmco(ztepofgpp(::thwpg`cpc(33::X3355(c`fce`el(c`fce`el,fpim

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    Cloeglp Kcel PgizmgC`fce @el nc kfhiztc

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    C`fce el nc Kfhiztc- Ckigt

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    fppz;((rrr,ohmwidec,g`w(epo(igcmco(ztepofgpp(::thwpg`cpc(33::X3355(c`fce`el(c`fce`el,fpim

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    fppz;((rrr,ohmwidec,g`w(epo(igcmco(ztepofgpp(::thwpg`cpc(33::X3355(c`fce`el(c`fce`el,fpim

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    Pfg _wt @ulcpu- rfh ocig athi Cabcl

    ptedg- e c dtclof aciemu ha Mh`e @ulcpu

    &3073)3741% ohlpthmmg @gmfe el pfg mcpg

    37pf oglpwtu, Cl ep dgbcl repf pfg aetp

    twmgt- Edtcfei Nfcl _wt- rfh ohlpthmmg

    pfg Lctlcwm ctgc, Ep gohl` twmgt Fccl

    Nfcl _wt- pfg pfet` twmgt- _fgt _fcf _wte

    &tgebl 370:)07% cl` pfg ahwtpf twmgt

    _cmei Nfcl _wt &tgebl 3707)3770%

    ohlptwopg wleswg icwhmgwi el

    _cctci epwcpg el pfg ie` mg ha pfgBclbc teqgt, Pfg phid ha Fccl Nfcl

    _wt e el pfg phrl cl` pfcp ha _fgt _fcf

    e el pfg rgpgtl wdwtd, Pfcp ha _cmei

    _fcf- rfeof e wlaelefg`- e cdhwp 4ni

    lhtpfrgp ha pfg phrl,

    fppz;((rrr,eho,w)phnuh,co,kz(|emcicto(RgdZcbg3(fpiXglb(cctci)glb,fpi _fgt _fcf _wtePhid

    _cctci- Defct- El ec

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    _fgt _fcf &tgebl 370:)07% Phid cp _cctci

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    Pfg swctg pgttcog ahtielb pfg re g dcgiglp ha pfe `hig`icwhmgwi fc oclhzeg cp ep ahwt ohtlgt, El cmm ahwt e g ha pfgdcgiglp- pcet mgc elb ph pfg rcpgt g`bg ctg ahtig ,

    Pfg icel dh`u ha pfg icwhmgwi- fcqelb cl hopcbhlcm zmcl eepwcpg cp pfg oglptg ha pfg dcgiglp, Ep icu dg ohttgop ph cu pfcpep ahmmhr pfg pumg ha hopclbhdcm icwhmgwi dwemp wl`gt pfg _cuuecl pfg mh e @ulcpu- rfeof pemm gvep el @gmfe,

    _wtthwl elb c tcpfgt febf `twi wzzhtpelb pfg hopcbhl cl pfg`hig- nehn- gcof fcqelb c `hig- ahtig du 0 zemmct- ctgohlptwopg`,

    Mhhnelb cp pfe icwhmgwi athi pfg mcnge g- ep mhhn meng c bthwz hapfgg icmm nehn- qegrg phbgpfgt repf pfg tezzmg hl pfg wtacog hapfg mcng- dtelb pfe ickgpeo dwem elb elph awtpfgt zthielglog,

    Fcqelb wtqgug pfg agcpwtg ha pfe icwhmgwi cp pfg epg- E ocl"pfgmz dwp c`ietg pfg hwppcl elb zmcl cl gvogmmglp tgwmp ha pfgrhtn ha _fgt _fcf- rfh ht`gtg ph dwem pfe ickgpeo ohlptwopehlhl pfg mcng cl Cmerct Nfcl- cl ctofepgop tgzhledmg aht `gebl cl`

    ohlptwopehl ha pfcp peig,

    Ep e zhedmg pfcp pfe btcl icwhmgwi tgicel ctg pfg qgtu pfelbuidhme{elb ofctcopgt cl cl cofegqgiglp ha pfg tghwtogawm bglgtcm_fgt _fcf- pfg rfh rglp ph @gfme cl` elpgttwzpg` pfg Iwbfcme``hielclog aht c zgteh ha peig,

    fppz;((rrr,eho,w)phnuh,co,kz( |emcicto(RgdZcbg3(fpiXglb(cctci(fgtfcf31Xg,fpi

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