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I. Samuel 1-7His Birth 1His Dedication 2His Calling 3His Ascendancy 4-7

II. Saul 8-15The Call for a King 8The Establishment of a King 9-12The Failures of a King 13-15

A Soiled Sacrifice 13

A Frivolous Vow 14

A Sorry Victory 15

III. David's Ascendancy 16-31His Anointing 16His Acclaim 17-18His Humiliation 18-26His Vengeance 27-31

The birth, youth and call of Samuel (chs. 1 - 3). In a book dealing for the most part with the reigns of Israel's first two kings, Saul and David, it is notable that God did not choose to include the birth story of either one but to describe the birth of their forerunner and anointer, the prophet Samuel. This shows the importance God attached to Samuel's role in the events that follow. chs. 1 - 3 should be viewed as a more likely component of the book of Judges or as a prefix to the rest of 1,2 Samuel.

Kingship is given its birth and then nurtured by the prophetic word and work of the prophet Samuel. Samuel is the priest and judge who bridges the gap in this turn in the history of God’s people into a kingdom (like the nations round about). They were to be separated unto God but rather chose to be like everyone else.

(chs. 4 - 6). This section describes how the ark of God was captured by the Philistines and then, after God wreaked havoc on several Philistine cities, how it was returned to Israel. These narratives reveal the folly of Israel's notion that possession of the ark automatically guaranteed victory over her enemies. They also display the awesome power of the Lord God and his superiority over the Philistine god Dagon. The Philistines were forced to confess openly their helplessness against God's power by their return of the ark to Israel. The entire ark episode performs a vital function in placing Israel's sinful desire for a human king in proper perspective.

(ch. 7). When Samuel called Israel to repentance and renewed dedication to the Lord, the Lord intervened mightily in Israel's behalf and gave victory over the Philistines. This narrative reaffirms the authority of Samuel as a divinely ordained leader; at the same time it provides evidence of divine protection and blessing for God's people when they place their confidence in the Lord and live in obedience to their covenant obligations- GOD WAS THEIR KING and any victory they enjoyed came from Him. It can be argued that Samuel was perhaps the best of all the judges.

All the material in chs. 1 - 7 serves as a necessary preface for the narratives of chs. 8 - 12, which describe the rise and establishment of kingship in Israel. God has so arranged the stories in chs. 8 - 12 to accentuate the transition to a king. In the study of these chapters, scholars have often noted what seems curious- On the one hand, Samuel is commanded by the Lord to give the people a king (8:7,9,22; 9:16-17; 10:24; 12:13); on the other hand, their request for a king is considered a sinful rejection of the Lord (8:7; 10:19; 12:12,17,19-20). These seemingly conflicting attitudes towards Israel having a king must be understood in the context of Israel's covenant relationship with the Lord.

Moses had anticipated Israel's desire for a human king (Dt 17:14-20), but Israelite kingship was to be compatible with the continued rule of the Lord over his people as their Great King. Instead, when the elders asked Samuel to give them a king (8:5,19-20), they rejected the Lord's kingship over them. Their desire was for a king such as the nations around them had -- to lead them in battle and give them a sense of national security and unity.

Their request for a king constituted a denial of their covenant relationship to the Lord, who was their King. Moreover, the Lord not only had promised to be their protector but had also repeatedly demonstrated his power in their behalf, most recently in the ark narratives (chs. 4 - 6), as well as in the great victory won over the Philistines under the leadership of Samuel (ch. 7).

In spite of Israel’s rebellion to Him, the Lord instructed Samuel to give the people a king. By divine appointment Saul was brought into contact with Samuel, and Samuel was directed to anoint him privately as king (9:1 -- 10:16). Samuel gathered the people at Mizpah, and after again admonishing them concerning their sin in desiring a king (10:18-19), he presided over the selection of a king.

Saul did not immediately assume his royal office, but returned home to work his fields (11:5,7). When the inhabitants of Jabesh Gilead were threatened by Nahash the Ammonite, Saul rose to the challenge, gathered an army and led Israel to victory in battle. His success placed a final seal of divine approval on Saul's selection to be king (cf. 10:24; 11:12-13) and occasioned the inauguration of his reign at Gilgal (11:14 -- 12:25).

The question was not so much whether Israel should have a king(it was clearly the Lord's will to give them a king), but how they could maintain their covenant with God as a theocratic nation now that they had a human king. The problem was resolved when Samuel called the people to repentance and renewal of their allegiance to the Lord on the very occasion of the inauguration of Saul as king. By establishing kingship in the context of covenant renewal, Samuel placed the monarchy in Israel on a different basis than the kingdoms of men.

The king in Israel was not to be autonomous in his authority and power; rather, he was to be subject to the law of the Lord and the word of the prophet (10:25; 12:23). This was to be true not only for Saul but also for all the kings who would occupy the throne in Israel in the future. The king was to be an instrument of the Lord's rule over his people, and the people as well as the king were to continue to recognize the Lord as their ultimate Sovereign (12:14-15).

Saul soon demonstrated that he was unwilling to submit to the requirements of his theocratic office (chs. 13 - 15). When he disobeyed the instructions of the prophet Samuel in preparation for battle against the Philistines (13:13). When he refused to totally destroy the Amalekites as he had been commanded to do by the word of the Lord through Samuel (ch. 15), he ceased to be an instrument of the Lord's rule over his people. These abrogations of the requirements of his theocratic office led to his rejection as king (15:23).

1105 b.c. - Birth of Samuel (1Sa 1:20)

1080-Birth of Saul1050-Saul anointed to be king (1Sa 10:1)

1040-Birth of David1025-David anointed to be Saul's successor (1Sa 16:1-13)

1010-Death of Saul and beginning of David's reign over Judah in Hebron (1Sa 31:4-6; 2Sa 2:1,4,11)

Historical Setting for the Beginning of Kingship in Israel (chs. 1-7)

Samuel's Birth, Youth and Call to Be a Prophet (chs. 1-3)

Israel Defeated by the Philistines; the Ark of God Taken and Restored (chs. 4-7)

The Beginning of Kingship in Israel under the Guidance of Samuel (8:1;16:13)

The Rise of Saul (chs. 8-12) The people's sinful request for a king

(ch. 8) Samuel anoints Saul privately

(9:1;10:16) Saul chosen to be king publicly (10:17-

27) Saul's choice as king confirmed (11:1-

13) Saul's reign inaugurated at a covenant

renewal ceremony (11:14;12:25)Saul's Kingship a Failure (13:1;16:13)

The Establishment of Kingship in Israel (16:14;31:13)

The Rise of David (16:14;27:12) David enters Saul's service (16:14-17:58)David becomes alienated from Saul (chs.

18-19)Jonathan protects David from Saul (ch. 20)David continues to elude Saul (21:1;22:5)Saul kills the priests at Nob (22:6-23)

David rescues the people of Keilah (23:1-6) Saul continues to pursue David (23:7-29) David spares Saul's life (ch. 24) David threatens Nabal's life (ch. 25) David spares Saul's life again (ch. 26) David enters Achish's service (ch. 27)

The End of Saul's Reign (chs. 28-31)

The main people of this book:Eli- He is the High Priest. His sons Phineas and Hophni are corrupt. Eli is very old at the start of First Samuel.

The main people of this book:Samuel - is the last judge, and the first prophet. His mother is Hannah, and his father is Elkanah. His sons are Joel and Abijah and they are corrupt.

The main people of this book:Saul – the first King of Israel. His son Jonathan will become David’s best friend, confidant, adviser, and will save David’s life from Saul’s pursuit of David.

The main people of this book:David – He will be the successor to Saul. He is from Bethlehem and his father is Jesse.

(Remember: Ruth; from the book of Ruth, is Jesse’s Grandmother, and David’s Great-Grandmother.)

The main people of this book:Jonathan- He is Saul’s son; and David’s best friend. He will protect David from Saul.

14. Saul rules Israel &disobeys God (14,15)14a.Evil spirit comes on Saul after rejection & David secretly anointed as king(16)14 b. David &Goliath- David begins rise (17)

15. Saul against David- Jonathan & David close friends- David flees from Saul- David’s mighty men-Saul and his sons die in battle at the hands of the Philistines (18-31)

[Kish] had a son whose name was Saul, a [Kish] had a son whose name was Saul, a choice and handsome man, and there was not choice and handsome man, and there was not a more handsome person than he among the a more handsome person than he among the

sons of Israel; from his shoulders and up he sons of Israel; from his shoulders and up he was taller than any of the people.was taller than any of the people. 1 Samuel 9:2 1 Samuel 9:2

(NASB)(NASB)

1 Samuel 8 – 1 Kings 11

1. Saul2. David3. Solomon

Reference: 1 Samuel 8-15 Israel demands a king (1 Samuel 8)

2 Now the name of his firstborn was Joel; and the name of his second, Abiah: they were judges in Beer-sheba.3 And his sons walked not in his ways, but turned aside after lucre, and took bribes, and perverted judgment.4 Then all the elders of Israel gathered themselves together, and came to Samuel unto Ramah,

5 And said unto him, Behold, thou art old, and thy sons walk not in thy ways: now make us a king to judge us like all the nations.6 But the thing displeased Samuel, when they said, Give us a king to judge us. And Samuel prayed unto the Lord.7 And the Lord said unto Samuel, Hearken unto the voice of the people in all that they say unto thee: for they have not rejected thee, but they have rejected me, that I should not reign over them.

8 According to all the works which they have done since the day that I brought them up out of Egypt even unto this day, wherewith they have forsaken me, and served other gods, so do they also unto thee.9 Now therefore hearken unto their voice: howbeit yet protest solemnly unto them, and shew them the manner of the king that shall reign over them.10 And Samuel told all the words of the Lord unto the people that asked of him a king.

11 And he said, This will be the manner of the king that shall reign over you: He will take your sons, and appoint them for himself, for his chariots, and to be his horsemen; and some shall run before his chariots. And he will appoint him captains over thousands, and captains over fifties; and will set them to ear his ground, and to reap his harvest, and to make his instruments of war, and instruments of his chariots.

And he will take your daughters to be confectionaries, and to be cooks, and to be bakers. And he will take your fields, and your vineyards, and your oliveyards, even the best of them, and give them to his servants. And he will take the tenth of your seed, and of your vineyards, and give to his officers, and to his servants. And he will take your menservants, and your maidservants, and your goodliest young men, and your asses, and put them to his work.

He will take the tenth of your sheep: and ye shall be his servants. And ye shall cry out in that day because of your king which ye shall have chosen you; and the Lord will not hear you in that day. Nevertheless the people refused to obey the voice of Samuel; and they said, Nay; but we will have a king over us; That we also may be like all the nations; and that our king may judge us, and go out before us, and fight our battles. And Samuel heard all the words of the people, and he rehearsed them in the ears of the Lord. 1 Sam 8:11-21

1 Sam 11:15-12:5 15 And all the people went to Gilgal; and there they made Saul king before the Lord in Gilgal; and there they sacrificed sacrifices of peace offerings before the Lord; and there Saul and all the men of Israel rejoiced greatly. 12:1- And Samuel said unto all Israel, Behold, I have hearkened unto your voice in all that ye said unto me, and have made a king over you. 2 And now, behold, the king walketh before you: and I am old and grayheaded; and, behold,

1 Sam 11:15-12:5; 12-15; 22-25

my sons are with you: and I have walked before you from my childhood unto this day. 3 Behold, here I am: witness against me before the Lord, and before his anointed: whose ox have I taken? or whose ass have I taken? or whom have I defrauded? whom have I oppressed? or of whose hand have I received any bribe to blind mine eyes therewith? and I will restore it you. 4 And they said, Thou hast not defrauded us, nor oppressed us, neither hast thou taken ought of any man's hand. 5 And he said unto them, The Lord is witness against you, and his anointed is witness this day, that ye have not found ought in my hand. And they answered, He is witness.

1 Sam 12:12-15 12 And when ye saw that Nahash the king of the children of Ammon came against you, ye said unto me, Nay; but a king shall reign over us: when the Lord your God was your king. 13 Now therefore behold the king whom ye have chosen, and whom ye have desired! and, behold, the Lord hath set a king over you. 14 If ye will fear the Lord, and serve him, and obey his voice, and not rebel against the commandment of the Lord, then shall both ye and also the king that reigneth over you continue following the Lord your God: 15 But if ye will not obey the voice of the Lord, but rebel against the commandment of the Lord, then shall the hand of the Lord be against you, as it was against your fathers.

1 Sam 12:22-2522 For the Lord will not forsake his people for his great name's sake: because it hath pleased the Lord to make you his people. 23 Moreover as for me, God forbid that I should sin against the Lord in ceasing to pray for you: but I will teach you the good and the right way: 24 Only fear the Lord, and serve him in truth with all your heart: for consider how great things he hath done for you. 25 But if ye shall still do wickedly, ye shall be consumed, both ye and your king.

Saul Proclaimed as King Samuel to the people: You have rejected

your God… Present yourselves before the Lord 10:19

Tribes, then families, then Kish’s family brought before the Lord, but Saul was hiding. 10:21-22

Saul was brought before the people with Samuel’s declaration. 10:23-24

Samuel then recites God’s ordinances of the kingdom. 10:25

Saul saves Jabesh Gilead Ammonites came against Jabesh

Gilead who wanted to serve them. v. 1 Jabesh cries for help after Nahash

refuses to make a covenant with them. v. 2

Saul gathers Israel and brings victory for Israel. v. 6-11

Those who despised Saul were nearly put to death, but Saul saves them. v. 12-13

Israel makes Saul king. v. 15

NOTE: Philistines strong in the land

They strove for land dominance for nearly 300 years by now.

They had garrisons in Israel.

Unlawful sacrifice Saul, waiting for Samuel in Gilgal

decided to “offer burnt offerings.” 13:7b-9

Samuel rebukes Saul – and asked what have you done?

Saul’s reply: The people were scattering… the Philistines were gathering at Michmash. 13:11

Samuel - Now your kingdom shall not continue. The Lord has sought for Himself a man after His own heart…1 Sam. 13:13-14

God provides victory to Jonathan His faith was strong in the Lord. v. 6

(cp. 13:20-22). He secretly goes to the Philistine’s

garrison and sees if God would deliver them to him. vss. 8-15

After his victory the Phili- stine’s tremble. vss. 12-15

This allowed all Israel to strengthen and fight (victoriously) against the Philistines. vss. 16-23

Saul’s bad oath God just delivered Israel vss. 1-23 The people, however, were weary

because Saul made an oath not to eat food until the evening. v. 24-26

Jonathan didn’t know about this oath and ate. v. 27

At Jonathan’s word, the people ate the spoil… with blood. vss. 28-32

Saul stops his oath; find out Jonathan caused this ‘sin’. v. 33-43

The people argue against Saul and for Jonathan. v. 45

Constant warring with enemies. 14:47-52Saul commanded to fight against Amalekites

Because of what Amalek did to Israel while in the wilderness. Dt. 25:17-19

He spares Agag and the best of the ‘clean’ livestock (against God’s command).

Samuel (vss. 10-23): Because you have rejected the word of the Lord, He has also rejected you from being king. v. 23

David (secretly) anointed as next king over Israel

Saul rejected: Samuel to anoint next king. v. 1

Samuel is afraid of Saul. v. 2 God tells Samuel to tell Saul he is going to

sacrifice (take Jesse as one of his sons would be anointed)

Jesse and sons consecrated Samuel, after looking at Eliab: Surely

the Lord’s anointed is before Him! God: man looks at the outward

appearance, but the Lord looks at the heart.

David (secretly) anointed as next king over Israel

David was the last to come before Samuel before God said: Arise, anoint him; for this is the one! v. 12

Samuel takes the horn of oil and anoints David before his brothers.

v. 13: and the Spirit of the Lord came upon David from that day forward.

NOTE: Saul still king

1 Sam 17:2-11- Saul and the Israelites assembled and camped in the Valley of Elah and drew up their battle line to meet the Philistines. The Philistines occupied one hill and the Israelites another, with the valley between them. A champion named Goliath, who was from Gath, came out of the Philistine camp. He was over nine feet tall. He had a bronze helmet on his head and wore a coat of scale armor of bronze weighing five thousand shekels on his legs he wore bronze greaves, and a bronze javelin was slung on his back.

His spear shaft was like a weaver's rod, and its iron point weighed six hundred shekels. His shield bearer went ahead of him. Goliath stood and shouted to the ranks of Israel, "Why do you come out and line up for battle? Am I not a Philistine, and are you not the servants of Saul? Choose a man and have him come down to me. If he is able to fight and kill me, we will become your subjects; but if I overcome him and kill him, you will become our subjects and serve us." Then the Philistine said, "This day I defy the ranks of Israel! Give me a man and let us fight each other." On hearing the Philistine's words, Saul and all the Israelites were dismayed and terrified.

1 Sam 17:13-24- Jesse's three oldest sons had followed Saul to the war: The firstborn was Eliab; the second, Abinadab; and the third, Shammah. David was the youngest. The three oldest followed Saul, but David went back and forth from Saul to tend his father's sheep at Bethlehem. For forty days the Philistine came forward every morning and evening and took his stand. Now Jesse said to his son David, "Take this ephah of roasted grain and these ten loaves of bread for your brothers and hurry to their camp. Take along these ten cheeses to the commander of their unit.

See how your brothers are and bring back some assurance f from them. They are with Saul and all the men of Israel in the Valley of Elah, fighting against the Philistines." Early in the morning David left the flock with a shepherd, loaded up and set out, as Jesse had directed. He reached the camp as the army was going out to its battle positions, shouting the war cry. Israel and the Philistines were drawing up their lines facing each other. David left his things with the keeper of supplies, ran to the battle lines and greeted his brothers. As he was talking with them, Goliath, the Philistine champion from Gath, stepped out from his lines and shouted his usual defiance, and David heard it. When the Israelites saw the man, they all ran from him in great fear.

1 Sam 17:25-29- And the men of Israel said, Have ye seen this man that is come up? surely to defy Israel is he come up: and it shall be, that the man who killeth him, the king will enrich him with great riches, and will give him his daughter, and make his father's house free in Israel. And David spake to the men that stood by him, saying, What shall be done to the man that killeth this Philistine, and taketh away the reproach from Israel? For who is this uncircumcised Philistine, that he should defy the armies of the living God?

And the people answered him after this manner, saying, So shall it be done to the man that killeth him. And Eliab his eldest brother heard when he spake unto the men; and Eliab's anger was kindled against David, and he said, Why camest thou down hither? and with whom hast thou left those few sheep in the wilderness? I know thy pride, and the naughtiness of thine heart; for thou art come down that thou mightest see the battle. And David said, What have I now done? Is there not a cause?

1 Sam 17:32-37- And David said to Saul, Let no man's heart fail because of him; thy servant will go and fight with this Philistine. And Saul said to David, Thou art not able to go against this Philistine to fight with him: for thou art but a youth, and he a man of war from his youth. And David said unto Saul, Thy servant kept his father's sheep, and there came a lion, and a bear, and took a lamb out of the flock:

And I went out after him, and smote him, and delivered it out of his mouth: and when he arose against me, I caught him by his beard, and smote him, and slew him. Thy servant slew both the lion and the bear: and this uncircumcised Philistine shall be as one of them, seeing he hath defied the armies of the living God. David said moreover, The Lord that delivered me out of the paw of the lion, and out of the paw of the bear, he will deliver me out of the hand of this Philistine. And Saul said unto David, Go, and the Lord be with thee.

1 Sam 17:38-46- And Saul armed David with his armour, and he put an helmet of brass upon his head; also he armed him with a coat of mail. And David girded his sword upon his armour, and he assayed to go; for he had not proved it. And David said unto Saul, I cannot go with these; for I have not proved them. And David put them off him.

And he took his staff in his hand, and chose him five smooth stones out of the brook, and put them in a shepherd's bag which he had, even in a scrip; and his sling was in his hand: and he drew near to the Philistine. And the Philistine came on and drew near unto David; and the man that bare the shield went before him.

And when the Philistine looked about, and saw David, he disdained him: for he was but a youth, and ruddy, and of a fair countenance. And the Philistine said unto David, Am I a dog, that thou comest to me with staves? And the Philistine cursed David by his gods. And the Philistine said to David, Come to me, and I will give thy flesh unto the fowls of the air, and to the beasts of the field. Then said David to the Philistine, Thou comest to me with a sword, and with a spear, and with a shield:

but I come to thee in the name of the Lord of hosts, the God of the armies of Israel, whom thou hast defied. This day will the Lord deliver thee into mine hand; and I will smite thee, and take thine head from thee; and I will give the carcases of the host of the Philistines this day unto the fowls of the air, and to the wild beasts of the earth; that all the earth may know that there is a God in Israel.

1 Sam 17:47-51- And all this assembly shall know that the Lord saveth not with sword and spear: for the battle is the Lord's, and he will give you into our hands. And it came to pass, when the Philistine arose, and came and drew nigh to meet David, that David hasted, and ran toward the army to meet the Philistine. And David put his hand in his bag, and took thence a stone, and slang it, and smote the Philistine in his forehead, that the stone sunk into his forehead; and he fell upon his face to the earth.

So David prevailed over the Philistine with a sling and with a stone, and smote the Philistine, and slew him; but there was no sword in the hand of David. Therefore David ran, and stood upon the Philistine, and took his sword, and drew it out of the sheath thereof, and slew him, and cut off his head therewith. And when the Philistines saw their champion was dead, they fled.

David and Goliath Previously: Israel had defeated the

Philistines during Saul’s reign (starting with Jonathan). cp. Ch. 14

After a while, another Philistine came and challenged Israel: Goliath

Goliath: Choose a man for yourselves, and let him come down to me. If he is able to fight with me and kill me, then we will be your servants. But if I prevail against him and kill him, then you shall be our servants and serve us. vss. 8-9

David and Goliath Saul & Israel fearful. v. 11 David sent to his brothers with provisions:

Asks what would be done to the one who kills Goliath

People respond: riches/ Saul’s daughter (Michal) in marriage

Eliab discourages David Saul sends for David:

Saul: sees the battle only through the eyes of flesh. v. 33

David assures victory for Israel. vss. 34-37

David and Goliath David, unable to use armor, carries a

staff, five smooth stones, and a sling. Goliath: Am I a dog, that you come to

me with sticks? v. 43 You come to me with a sword, with a

spear, and with a javelin. But I come to you in the name of the Lord [who] does not save with sword and spear; for the battle is the Lord’s, and He will give you into our hands. vss. 45-47

Goliath killed with a stone.

We have our Goliath’s today.Substances? Ungodly people (peers)? Family members? False Teachers? God is looking for champions today- Is there not a cause still today worth fighting for? Cannot hide and cower from Sin and Satan.

We do not fight physically today but spiritually- Eph 6:12- For we wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this world, against spiritual wickedness in high places.We must hate every false way (Ps. 119:104,128).

Resist the devil and he will flee (James 4:7- Submit yourselves therefore to God. Resist the devil, and he will flee from you. We must humble ourselves before God can use us.James 4:10- Humble yourselves in the sight of the Lord, and he shall lift you up.

The battle rages between godliness and sin.In our personal lives (lions and bears); in the church- error; in our nation- good is evil and evil is good to many today. (same sex “marriage”; abortion; fornication; divorce; humanism; defense of religions that do not even believe in Jesus; Denominationalism).

Isa 5:20-23- Woe unto them that call evil good, and good evil; that put darkness for light, and light for darkness; that put bitter for sweet, and sweet for bitter! Woe unto them that are wise in their own eyes, and prudent in their own sight! Woe unto them that are mighty to drink wine, and men of strength to mingle strong drink: Which justify the wicked for reward, and take away the righteousness of the righteous from him.

David’s life sought by Saul (ch. 18) NOTE: Jonathan and David (both faithful to

God) became instant friends. v. 1 Saul sets David over the men of war. v. 5 After coming back from battle – the

women: Saul has slain his thousands, and David his ten thousands.

Saul angry at those words and became jealous of David. vss. 8-9

David’s life sought by Saul (ch. 18) Distressing spirit comes upon Saul. v. 10 David would play music to soothe Saul. Saul, however, sought David’s life. v. 11 When he knew the Lord was with him (v.

12) he demoted David to being a captain over a thousand men. v. 13

David continued to behave wisely. v. 5, 15-16

He used the Philistines and his daughters to have David killed. vss. 17-27

David’s life sought by Saul (ch. 19) Saul charges Jonathan and his

servants to kill David. vss. 1-3

Jonathan speaks kindly about David: vss. 4-6 Reminds Saul when David killed Goliath;

how David did good for the king. Saul heeds Jonathan’s advice.

Saul distressed again; David soothes Saul again; Saul tries to kill David… again! vss. 9-10

David’s life sought by Saul (ch. 20-22) Saul determined to kill David. Jonathan makes a covenant with David. David flees and on the run from Saul. Saul kills Ahimelech (priest in Nob, who

gave David the show-bread). NOTE: his servants refused to kill the priest, and had Doeg (vassal from Edom) kill them. 22:18f

David’s life sought by Saul (ch. 23) Saul continued to have people attempt to

surrender him. Jonathan encourages David. David flees to a desolate mountain nearly

capturing David before a messenger of Saul informed him of a Philistine raid. They called the place Rock of Escape.

NOTE: After returning from battling the Philistines Saul sought David again.

David spares Saul’s life First time: in a cave; cut off a piece of

Saul’s robe while he was relieving himself (24)

Second time: David took Saul’s spear and jug of water while he slept in the midst of the camp (26)

David flees to the Philistines

Saul dies in battle. Israel and Philistines at war with each

other. His three sons killed. His is fatally wounded

Asks his armor-bearer to kill him (he refuses).

An Amalekite says that he killed Saul (upon the king’s request). David has the Amalekite killed. 2 Sam. 1:1-16

David mourns for Saul. 2 Sam. 1:17-27

2 Sam 1:17-27- And David lamented with this lamentation over Saul and over Jonathan his son: (Also he bade them teach the children of Judah the use of the bow: behold, it is written in the book of Jasher.) The beauty of Israel is slain upon thy high places: how are the mighty fallen! Tell it not in Gath, publish it not in the streets of Askelon; lest the daughters of the Philistines rejoice, lest the daughters of the uncircumcised triumph.

Ye mountains of Gilboa, let there be no dew, neither let there be rain, upon you, nor fields of offerings: for there the shield of the mighty is vilely cast away, the shield of Saul, as though he had not been anointed with oil. From the blood of the slain, from the fat of the mighty, the bow of Jonathan turned not back, and the sword of Saul returned not empty. Saul and Jonathan were lovely and pleasant in their lives, and in their death they were not divided: they were swifter than eagles, they were stronger than lions.

Ye daughters of Israel, weep over Saul, who clothed you in scarlet, with other delights, who put on ornaments of gold upon your apparel. How are the mighty fallen in the midst of the battle! O Jonathan, thou was slain in thine high places. I am distressed for thee, my brother Jonathan: very pleasant hast thou been unto me: thy love to me was wonderful, passing the love of women. How are the mighty fallen, and the weapons of war perished!

Transition from Saul’s kingdom to David’s

Judah makes David king over them. 2 Sam. 2:4

Abner (Saul’s commander) makes Ishbosheth (Saul’s son) king over Israel. *Ishbosheth would be made a puppet

king: ruling Israel from the East side of Jordan! v. 8

David rules over Judah for 7 ½ years while Ishbosheth ruled over Israel for two of those years. vss. 10-11

A ‘Contest’ held between Abner and Joab’s men.

12 from each army battle with Joab’s men victorious – a sign of the changing of the guard. 2 Sam. 2:12-17

Joab, Abishai, and Asahel (fleet of foot…killed by Abner) pursue Abner.

Abner and Joab eventually stop fighting against each other, but the house of Judah and Israel were in a long war with each other. 3:1

David’s house grows stronger; Saul’s weaker

War continuing between Saul and David’s house. Vss. 1, 6

Abner tries to strengthen himself in Saul’s house (to become king over Israel?). V. 6

Ishbosheth rebukes Abner. V. 7 Abner leaves Saul’s house. vss. 8-11 Abner makes a covenant with David to be

over all Israel. Vss. 12-21

David’s rule as king Becomes king. 2 Sam. 5:1 Captures Jerusalem.

2 Sam. 5:6ff Took more concubines. Sons born here. Vss. 14-16

Ark brought to Jerusalem. Ch. 6 David’s victories over other

nations (Philistines, Ammon, Moab, Edom, etc.). Ch. 8-10

David’s Sin and consequences

David and Bathsheba. Ch. 11 Sees Bathsheba naked and desires

her. Vss. 2-5 Commits adultery with her. Has Uriah (her husband) killed. Vss.

6-21 Nathan confronts David.

Ch. 12 The Lord sends Nathan to David. David: I have sinned against the

Lord. Nathan: The Lord has taken away your sin. Vss. 12-13

Fighting/consequences in the house of David

His son (born by Bathsheba) was taken by the Lord. 2 Sam. 12:14-23

Amnon forcefully sleeps with Tamar (Absalom’s sister); Absalom murders Amnon. Ch. 13

Absalom: Ch. 13-15 Flees to Geshur. Ch. 13 Returns to Jerusalem. Ch. 14 Conspires against David. Ch. 15

David and the Gibeonites Remember, the Israelites (Josh. 9:15-21)

made a covenant with the Gibeonites. Famine: result of Saul killing the

Gibeonites (reason not recorded). V. 1 David makes restitution by asking the

Gibeonites what they wish: 7 men of Saul. Vss. 5-7

David’s reign comes to an end

Adonijah makes himself king. 1 Kings 1:1-10

David makes Solomon king. Bathsheba/Nathan speak to David

about Adonijah. Before he dies he instructs

Solomon. V. 2-9 David dies. V. 10

Solomon made King David encourages Solomon.

Show yourself a man. Keep the Lord’s commandments Remember Joab (v. 5-7) and Shimei

(vss. 8-9) and for them not to go to Sheol (the grave) in peace. 2 Sam. 3:27; 2 Sam. 20:9-10/2 Sam. 16:5-8

Show kindness to Barzillai. Cp. 2 Sam. 19:31-38

David dies and Solomon reigns

Solomon asks for wisdom Solomon loved the Lord, except that he

worshipped at the high places, including Gibeon, where he offered 1,000 burnt offerings on that altar. Vss. 2-3

At Gibeon God appeared to Solomon in a dream and asked what he wished God would give to him. V. 5

Solomon: praises God; speaks of his difficult ability to judge Israel… asks for wisdom. Vss. 6-9

God is pleased. Vss. 10-15

Solomon Uses His Wisdom To Judge Two Women

Two harlots went before Solomon to argue guardianship of a child. Vss. 16-22

Solomon: Get me a sword. Divide the living child in two.

The (real) mother begged that the king would not kill the child, but that he be given to the other woman.

Solomon gave the child to her. The people feared Solomon for they saw

his great wisdom. v. 28

Solomon’s officials; great wealth. Ch. 4

Laborers for the temple (Ch. 5) Barters with Hiram (king of Tyre):

trees from Lebanon for food. vss. 1-12 Made forced laborers (30,000):

10,000/month (1 month on; 2 months rest); 70,000 transporters; 80,000 hewers of stone, 3,300 to oversee the work. vss. 13-18

Temple Built (Ch. 6) 480th year since leaving Egypt/4th year of

Solomon: temple building started. v. 1 60 cubits (90 ft.) long; 20 cubits (30 ft.)

wide; 30 cubits (45 ft.) high. v. 2 Temple built at a quarry (no tool heard at

the house of the Lord. V. 7 Took seven years to build. vss. 37-38 NOTE: Hiram (Father from Tyre; mother

from Naphtali) work in the temple. 8:13-51

Solomon builds his palace. (Ch. 7)Ark brought to the temple (Ch. 8) Brought from the city of David (Zion) – a

different area of the city to the newly built temple. v. 1-11

Solomon addresses the people: gives a history of how the temple came into being (David’s desire). vss. 12-21

Prayer made. vss. 22-61 Dedication (sacrifices). vss. 62-66

Queen of Sheba visits Solomon She came to test Solomon’s wisdom.

V. 1 Solomon answered all her questions.

V. 3 There was no more spirit in her. V. 5 Queen: the half was not told me. You

exceed in wisdom and prosperity the report which I heard. V. 7

NOTE: This story, along with other information in this text showed the great glory God gave to Solomon (known throughout the world)

Solomon’s downfall His wives: he loved many foreign

women, which the Lord said not to associate with (because they would turn their hearts away from Him). Vss. 1-13

His enemies: Hadad (Edom). Vss. 14-25 Jeroboam (Ephraim): rebelled against

Solomon. Vss. 26-40 His death

Solomon’s downfall typifies the downfall of Israel…leading to the

Divided Kingdom Solomon. 1 Ki. 1:5-11 Jeroboam (Solomon’s servant):

10 pieces of a torn cloak of the prophet Ahijah given to him.

1 piece given for Solomon on behalf of David.

Reason:(“they have forsaken Me”). v. 33

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