12d-2S1 Survey Procedures Part 2

Edge of Bitumen

Centreline

Edge of Bitumen

Shoulder

Verge

Shoulder

Table Drain 1

Table Drain 2

Cut Interface

2 5 5 2 1 VariesVaries0.5

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FLAT INVERT 1 in 2 3% 4% 5%

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FINAL CUT FIXED FINAL FILL

FILL

1 2 d M o d e l C o u r s e N o t e s

T r a i n i n g Co u r s eT r a i n i n g Co u r s eT r a i n i n g Co u r s eT r a i n i n g Co u r s e

S URSURSURSURVEY P ROC EDUR E S V E Y P ROC EDUR E S V E Y P ROC EDUR E S V E Y P ROC EDUR E S PART 2 PART 2 PART 2 PART 2

Survey Procedures Part 2

February 2010

12d Model Civil and Surveying Software

Extra Dimension Solutions

1 2 d M o d e l C o u r s e N o t e s

These notes were prepared by Tony Ingold and may be copied by an individual for

personal use but MAY NOT be distributed by any business or individual other than

Extra Dimension Solution (EXDS) Pty Ltd.

Disclaimer

These notes MAY NOT be used as the basis for a course of formal instruction

without written permission from Extra Dimension Solution (EXDS) Limited.

Extra Dimension Solution (EXDS) Pty Ltd is an authorised distributor of 12d Model.

Disclaimer 12d Model is supplied without any express or implied warranties whatsoever.

No warranty of fitness for a particular purpose is offered.

No liabilities in respect of engineering details and quantities produced by 12d Model

is accepted.

Finally, these notes have benefited from the feedback of others, and so indirectly have

you. If you felt that any part of these notes were difficult to understand, not clear, or

would benefit from more examples, or if you have any other comments at all,

then please let me know. My email is [email protected]

These course notes are available as a download from www.exds.com.au

Gareth Sivright February 2010

Copyright 2006 Extra Dimension Solution (EXDS) Pty Ltd All rights reserved


February 2010 Page

212d Model Civil and Surveying Software


T a b l e o f C o n t e n t s 1 Triangulating Survey data.................................................................................................................. 3

1.1

CREATING A TIN................................................................................................................................................................... 3

1.2

VIEW QUICK CONTOURS ..................................................................................................................................................... 5

1.3 FLIP TRIANGLES................................................................................................................................................................... 6 1.4 RE-TRIANGULATING THE SURVEY DATA.................................................................................................................................. 7 1.5

NULLING TRIANGLES ............................................................................................................................................................ 8

1.6

CREATING AND USING A BOUNDARY STRING.......................................................................................................................... 9

2 Create and Label Contour Strings .................................................................................................. 11 3

Labelling Vertices ............................................................................................................................. 14

3.1

CREATE THE LABEL MAP FILE ............................................................................................................................................. 14

3.2

USING THE LABEL MAP FILE (LABEL ELEVATIONS)................................................................................................................ 16

4 Sending Data to CAD Plotting and Export .................................................................................. 17 4.1 EXPORT VS PLOT ............................................................................................................................................................... 17 4.2

PLOTTING .......................................................................................................................................................................... 17

4.3

EXPORT TO AUTOCAD....................................................................................................................................................... 19

5 Stockpile Volumes ............................................................................................................................ 21 5.1 READ IN THE DATA ............................................................................................................................................................. 21 5.2

CREATE THE TIN ................................................................................................................................................................ 22

5.3

TIN TO TIN VOLUMES.......................................................................................................................................................... 23

6 Setout ................................................................................................................................................. 26 6.1

CREATE AND LABEL SETOUT POINTS................................................................................................................................... 26

6.2

EDIT LABELS...................................................................................................................................................................... 28

6.3

TABULATION ...................................................................................................................................................................... 28

7 House Setout ..................................................................................................................................... 29 7.1

CREATING POINTS ............................................................................................................................................................. 29

7.2

CREATING DXF ................................................................................................................................................................. 30

7.3

UPLOADING POINTS AND DXF .............................................................................................................................................. 31

8 Non-Projection to Projection Coordinates ..................................................................................... 35 9

Symbols ............................................................................................................................................. 36

9.1

CREATING SYMBOLS .......................................................................................................................................................... 36

9.2 UPLOADING SYMBOLS ........................................................................................................................................................ 38

10 Creating Lots By Entering Bearings and Distances ..................................................................... 39 11

Appendix B Boxing / Sub-grade Development ........................................................................... 43

11.1

BOXING / SUB-GRADE DEVELOPMENT OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................... 43

11.2 CREATING BOXING / SUB-GRADE STRINGS ..................................................................................................................... 43


12d Model February 2010 Page Civil and Surveying Software Distributed by Extra Dimension Solutions

3


1 Triangulating Survey data.

1.1 Creating a Tin

During Topographic Survey I we had a brief look at eliminating crossing breaklines, which is part of the triangulation process.

We continue the process by creating a Tin.

Choose Tins => Create=> Triangulate data. The triangulate panel will appear

and needs to be filled out. Under the General tab choose a suitable name and press enter,

this will automatically give the same name to the model with a prefix tin. Also select a colour

and line style for the tin. Under the Data tab select the view for

triangulation.



4


Under the Nulling tab one can tick the check box and

apply nulling to triangles that do not fit the desired criterias. You can edit these values.

We will touch on nulling again at a later stage.

Select the button, and your survey data will be

triangulated. To see the triangles on the view you need

to the model to your view. The view should look simular to

this.



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1.2 View Quick Contours

Youll see the tin model has overlayed all the other models. There is way to re-order

the models. At the top left corner of the screen select the button, walk right on models and select Model order.

It is a good idea to add quick contours to

a view as a check of the survey and triangulation. First one

needs to set the contour parameters.

Choose the button at the top left

corner of the screen, walk right on settings again on

tins and select

Contours.



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1.3 Flip Triangles

Fill in the contour increments and colours for the major

and minor contours. Tick the Draw contours box and

press the button.

If the contours are not running smoothly there is a way of

flipping triangles that could make the contours appear to be

more correct. Under Tins=>Edit=> Flip triangles. Select the

tin name and choose

the tin to be edited.

Before flipping triangles turn off both the line and point snaps.



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1.4 Re-triangulating the Survey data.

Once any crossing breaklines have been dealt with, the data

should be re-triangulated. Choose Tins => Edit => Tin.

When the panel appears one needs to select the tin to be re-

triangulated, in our case

dtm.

Under the Data tab, one will now find all the models that were

triangulated in view 1 are now listed. Models can be added or

deleted.

Select the

button.



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1.5 Nulling Triangles

Before we go any further we need to remove any long

triangles and any other triangles we do not want in the tin.

Under Tins => Null there are a number of options to null

triangles. We are going to take a look at a couple.

Select by angle/length.

This option will eliminate any

long/thin triangles. Select the tin dtm. We are going to

change the length from 100 to 25 and the angle from 5 to

10. Select the

button and youll see the unwanted triangles disappear.

The next option we are going to take a look at will be by

string.

Select the tin dtm. Choose

the button and select the polyline option. Tick the check box for Null on accept of string. On the view click and drag the

polyline through the triangles to be nulled. Accept your selection and the triangles

will disappear.



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1.6 Creating and Using a Boundary String

The final option we are going to take a look at is

by points. This option not only allows you to null triangles but also reset

any triangles you have previously nulled. Select the tin dtm. Under the null mode one can either select Null or Reset. To reset a triangle, click and accept in the area where the triangle used to be. The triangle will re-appear.

Accept

Once the long, thin and unwanted triangles have been nulled, it is often useful to create a boundary string around the tin, and to specify that 12d Model use that boundary string whenever the data is re-triangulated. The

boundary string can also be useful during volume and area calculations. To create a boundary around an existing tin, use Tins=> Boundary.



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Choose the tin dtm, under the Model for boundaries one can enter a new model or and existing model. We have called it tin dtm bdy, 1, by adding the ,1 to the end it will automatically appear on your view 1 without having

to add it. Select the button and the boundary will appear.

Lastly we need to tell the triangulation of the boundary weve created.

Under the Nulling tab on the Retriangulate tin panel, select the button. Zoom into the view, pick and accept the boundary string and

.



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2 Create and Label Contour Strings

The contours that become visible when you toggle Tin Contours on are not strings. The contour lines are simply a way of displaying the tin. The lines are known as

Quick Contours and will change instantly when the tin changes. The Quick Contours may be plotted to paper, but cannot be exported to AutoCAD, as they are not real strings. The Quick Contours cannot be labelled, edited, inquired, or

deleted. To do any of these things, we must create contour strings from the tin.

Choose Tins=>Contour=>Contour, Smooth and Label

To make the Contouring process a function, fill in the Function name panel. Select the Tin

to contour, dtm. Under the Contours tab, give the contours a Model (to be stored in) Contour, an

increment 0.5 and a colure Red. Tick the Smooth contours box. Under the Major Contours tab, give the

major contour a Model name Contours Major, an increment 2.5 and a colure Blue.



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Under the Label tab, tick the Label major contours only box. For the Label method, we are going to select the Line removal & centred line facing up

hill choice. The start distance and separation will depend on the survey, for now well set them both to 25. Leave the Label start and end box ticked. The Textstyle data will appear with a list of your favourites, select ISO 2

centre then select [Edit], here one can edit everything about the label.



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Notes: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Once everything is filled in, press the button. The Contours and

Contours Major models need to be added to the view.



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3 Labelling Vertices

3.1 Create the Label Map File

Often points in the survey need to be annotated. Typically natural surface points are annotated with the elevation of the point. There are two ways to

label vertices in 12d Model. - 1: String =>Label=>Vertices. This is the way to go if there only

one or two strings to be labelled. Its quick and easy.

- 2: Using a Label Map File. This is useful if you going to be labelling the same things again and again.

This is recommended for surveyors. Using a Label map file to label points, involves setting up the label map file then applying the label map file. Labelling is applied to point based on the name

(code) of the point.

The Label Map File will add text to the job. The text can describe:

- The elevation of a point (Height Text) - The point code (Name Text) - The point number (Point No. Text)

- Any notes (attribute) that were added during the survey (Vertex Text)

The label map file does not create the labels, it simply sets up style (colure, angle, font etc) of the text to be used. The style used for the label is based on the Key (the code). The label map file can also place symbols at points.

Select File I/O => Label Map File.



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Notes: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

If you have a Label Map File that has previously been created, click on the

button, select the .lmf file and press button. This will load up the existing label

map file, one can easily edit the existing file before using it. We going to have a look at creating a new Label Map File from scratch.

Creating a Label Map File is very simular to creating the Map file we did when we were reducing the survey. Begin with giving the Label Map file a name, Survey.

Select the Height Text Data tab, here we can assign height text to certain codes. If you right click on the Key button, there are a number of ways to populate the column. If you only want to add height text to one or two, it will be easier to fill them

in manually. The code we want to apply height text to is NS, fill out the rest of the setting for the text style. Under the other tabs, you can choose more data to be used for the label. For example under the Vertex Attribute Text Data one could place text of the specie of tree you picked up.

Once completing the Label map file, select the button to save the lmf.



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3.2 Using the Label Map File (Label Elevations)

Now that we have created the Label Map File we need to tell 12d Model to use it. Select File I/O =>Use Label Map File. The data in view 1 will be used for the labelling operation. If the data is not in the view it will not be labelled. The data will be labelled in accordance with the Survey.lmf (one we created). The lmf only has instructions to label points with a code of

NS, so only these points will be labelled. The height (elevation) of the NS points will be labelled, because the Height panel is filled in.

the pieces of text will be placed into a model

named Height txt. Press the button and

the height txt model to your view.



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4 Sending Data to CAD Plotting and Export

4.1 Export vs Plot

4.2 Plotting

4.2.1 Quick Plot

12d Model can plot to paper. It is also possible to plot a dwg (AutoCAD), dgn (Microstation) and a variety of other formats. If you plot to a dwg file, and open it in AutoCAD, you will find that:

- The co ordinate system one was using in 12d Model has been replaced with the system of (0,0) at the bottom left corner of the page, and the top right has the co ordinate equal to the size of the paper.

- All the data will be on one layer. - The scale will not be 1:1 the data will be scaled as per the specified when

plotting from 12d model.

Plotting to an AutoCAD drawing is best used for output of Long and Cross

Sections.

If you choose to Export the data, the result will be more correct but sometimes not as practical. The co ordinate system, the origin, and the scale will be the same you used in 12d Model.

Exporting to AutoCAD is usually the best use for Plans.

We are going to discuss three ways you can plot: - Quick Plot

- Quick Sheet Plot

- Plot Frames A quick way to access the plotting options is to

select the button at the top of your screen.

Quick plot will simply take what ever you

have on a plan view, and send it to the plotter at a specified scale. (Also known as an intelligent screen dump.) If you only

want to plot a specific area press the

button on the plot panel. This will allow you to draw a rectangle around the area you want to plot. You can either plot to a

plotter, AutoCAD file or a model.



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4.2.2 Quick Sheet Plot

4.2.3 Plot Frames

This option is very simular to the Quick Plot but this time 12d

Model gives you a sheet at the size you select (A1; A4 etc).

One is able to position the sheet over the area you want to plot,

and then select the scale. In this option there is an

opportunity to insert two lines of title.

This option is an advanced option of the Quick sheet plot. In this case you need to create a plot frame and then

send to the plotter whatever is in the plot frame. Once you have created a plot frame you may save it and use it

many times. Select Plot=>Plot Frames => Create, the New Plot Frame Create will appear. Fill in the

panel in the normal manor, select a title file (either your companies or a 12d Model one) then give the frame a

model, colure, scale, size and margins. For the origin, click and accept

anywhere on the drawing, you will be able to reposition at a later stage.

Select button and add the

Model to the view.



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4.3 Export to AutoCAD.

Once you have created the Frame and added it to the view you will see the Create panel changes to an Edit

Panel. Here one is able to rotate and translate the frame. To tell 12d Model

to plot the frame, select the button and then the Plot Frames

option. The Plot Frame PPF Editor will appear, this is where you will select the frame, title box and destination for

the plot. It is often a good idea to plot it to a model first as a preview before

sending it to a plotter or AutoCAD.

Exporting is possibly the better option when dealing

with plans. Select File I/O => Data output => DWG/DXF/DXB.

When the Write DWG/DXF panel appears you see there is a fair amount to fill in but it is all pretty straight

forward.



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The Data to write is where you choose what

data you want to output. Generally view is a

good option, and the lasso can be useful. Format, you can output in dwg, dxf and bdxf. Choose dwg unless there is a good reason for you

not to. Version, choose the version of AutoCAD that you

or your client is using. File name, this will be the name of the dwg file that will be written.

Template, a template is a blank AutoCAD drawing, containing linestyles, textstyles, and possibly a title sheet. It is saved as a .dwt

extension.

General tab: Dimension, 2d (all elevations are set to zero) or

3d (points with elevations have their elevations sent to the dwg file). If you want to export a picture choose 2d, and if you want to export a

model choose 3d. Use blocks for point styles means that AutoCAD will create a block out of any symbol 12d Model outputs. Colours/Linetypes by layer: In AutoCAD colours or linetypes often divide up the layers.

The rest of the tab can be left as is.

Text/Attributes tab: This panel give you control over the creation of

the text labels at the vertices of the survey. Select a label map file you have created, tick the text you would like to add and give the layer a

name where it will be stored.

Advanced tab: In this panel one can change a few settings to

personalise the output. The point style and size can be changed and the way in which the model names are exported.

One can leave these options set with the default settings, and the output will still be fine. Once everything is filled in the final command will

be to the file.



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5 Stockpile Volumes

5.1 Read in the Data

For the volume exercise we are going to open a new project. The project location is, C:\12d\9.00\EXDS_Training\12d-2S1_Survey_Procedures\ Give your project a suitable name and select proceed. In this project you will find two

12da data files. One is a survey of the existing ground and the other is a survey of stockpile (A 12da file is 12d Models Ascii file.)

Under File I/O => Data input => 12da/4da data. The files we going

to read in are located in the user library. Walk right on [UserLib] and

select Stockpile Existing Surface. It is a good idea to enter a pre*postfix for the models when

dealing with volumes to distinguish

between models. the data in.



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5.2 Create the Tin

Once the data from the existing survey is on the view, one needs to triangulate the NS points. Under Tins => Create=>Triangulate data. Fill in the panel as we have done before, perhaps naming the tin existing. Create and add the tin to the view. If the tin looks fine remove

the all the data from the view . Now we need to import the stockpile

survey in the same manor.

This time we want to read in the Stockpile.12da file. Give the models a prefix of stockpile. Triangulate this data too. When creating a tin for the stockpile, make sure you give it a different name to the existing tin, a different colour, and when choosing the data to triangulate

ensure the existing survey models have been removed from the view. When nulling the

triangles choose the Null Polygon option and select the Topo BB string. Once the tin has

been created it should look simular to this.

If you add the existing tin to the view you

can see the stockpile, does not exceed the

boundary of the existing survey.



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5.3 Tin to Tin Volumes

5.3.1 Exact

The two ways we are going to have a look at for obtaining volumes from two tins are: - Exact (compares overlapping triangles)

- End Area (creates cross sections between two tins)

Under Design=>Volumes => Exact => Tin to Tin. This is an extremely quick and easy option

to obtain volumes. When the panel appears, select your original and new tins. Fill in the

report file panel to create a report. We are going to use a polygon, choose the string

option then pick and accept the

TOPO BB string. Select

and the report will appear.

There is an option to create a Range file,

where one is able to divide up the volume result into layers

depending on height or depth from the existing surface



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5.3.2 End Area

It is always a good idea to compare the volume calculations by another method, to avoid

gross errors. Even thou it is believed the Exact method is more accurate, there are times

when it is not logical to use that method. Under Design => Volumes => End Area => Tin

to Tin. This method uses cross section to calculate the volume, so the closer you make the

sections the more accurate your answer will be.

The End Area panel is very simular to the Exact panel, again we select the

two tins. One would try set the Angle for sections to be perpendicular to the shape of the stockpile. As mentioned

the accuracy of the calculations depends on the distance between sections. We going to create models for the original and new tin sections, so we can view them in a sectional view as a visual check. We are going to select the TOPO BB string as the polygon, and use the same name for the report file as we had in the Exact

calculation. Select the button,

you should receive a warning saying the stockpile.rpt file exists, choose the

append option.

The results are very simular, which

is a good thing.



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5.3.3 Viewing the Cross Sections

Notes: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

If for some reason there is a discrepancy between the two results its a good to idea to view the cross sections as a visual check. View=>Create=>Section view. Add

both tins to the section view, change the view exaggeration to . Choose the

cross section tab then select and accept the section you want to view.

By using the arrow buttons one can move through all the sections to ensure there are no abnormalities.



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6 Setout

6.1 Create and Label Setout Points

Creating setout data in 12d Model is a two-stage operation: - Create a model of uniquely numbered setout points. These will be copies of

the design points. - Create an upload file from the uniquely numbered points.

For this exercise we going to create a new job and import a 12da file. Under C:\12d\9.00\EXDS_Training\12d-2S1_Survey_Procedures\ select the design.12da file. It is a basic road design that we are going to use to create some setout points.

Select Survey => Setout => Setout point using super string, when the panel appears under Create Pts one can set the start number, point offset, number offset

and a prefix for each point/label. Next select , in this panel one can select the textstyle, colour, if the points and numbers are to be circled and finally in which model they will be stored. Now one needs to tell 12d Model which string/point

you want to label.



27


Select the button, pick

and accept the Design cl alignment. An alignment string has no points on it, (only at I.Ps and T.Ps) the routine recognisers this and gives you the option to create

setout points evenly spaced by a number or equal distance apart or at the chainages given in a special

chainage file. For our example we are going to use by a distance of

10.

You will see the cl alignment has a point and label every 10 meters. Setout and label points every 10m on the other cl alignment running north south. The numbers should

have begun on 27 and ended on 32 for the second cl line.



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6.2 Edit Labels

6.3 Tabulation

Under the Edit Pts tab, one can move the labels, reverse the numbering and add or

delete points to the setout string.

Under Tabulation one is able to place a table of

the setout co-ordinates on the view as well as create a .xyz file. Choose the

Setout pnts string, select a suitable location on the view for the table to be placed. Give the table a heading and name the model for the table.

Process and Place Text.

Be aware that the points on the Setout Pnts string are a copy of the points in

the design. If the design changes, the setout string will need to be deleted,

and recreated from the new design points.



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7 House Setout

7.1 Creating Points

We are going to create a basic house plan within 12d Model. Then export a .dxf and some setout points up onto a few instruments.

At coordinates 1000 1000 create a square plot of 100m by 100m. By using offsets and bearing/distance inputs create the footprint of the house with the

dimensions below.



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7.2 Creating DXF

To create setout points we going to use the same function we used for the road. Survey => Setout => Setout Points using Super String First pick and accept the house then the garage. You should have 14 setout

points.

Most instrument now days have the capability to load dxf drawings as background images. File I/O => Output => DWG/DXF/DXB. Select the

model of your house and name the .dxf file.

It is always good to check the dxf drawing in a CAD package if you have one.



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7.3 Uploading Points and dxf

7.3.1 Leica 1200

To load the points up under Survey => Leica => 1200 => Strings Give the job a name; this is the name that will appear on the instrument, select the Standard Transition map, check the Folder for DBXs defaults to the job

folder and select the Setout model as your data string.

Once the dbx and dxf files have been created, its simply copying the files from

your job folder to your Pcmcia flash card.

The dxf drawing is placed into the Data folder on the card and the dbx file into

the DBX folder.



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7.3.2 Trimble TSC

On the instrument open the job you created while exporting the points. Import the dxf file into the

job. If you take a look at the view the map on your 1200 youll see the

dxf and points.

The easiest way to get the points onto the Trimble Survey Controller is via the Trimble Link. Connect your instrument to your PC via active sync.

Survey => Upload => Create Point upload file (new)

Tick this box if your Jigger is connected.

Select OK when

the panel appears warning you about

the coordinate system.



33


If your instrument is connected to your PC via

Active Sync, you can send the data straight onto the instrument, or

load the data onto a data card, which can be loaded onto the instrument at a later stage. Type in a file

name and save.

The house.dxf file cant be uploaded via Trimble Link. Once the

instrument is connected via Active sync the dxf file needs to be copied

into Trimble Data file on the instrument.

On the instrument open the job containing the points we uploaded via Trimble Link. To

view the dxf file select the Active map button and choose

the house.dxf.

If all the data has been uploaded correctly the map

should show all the data.



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7.3.3 Topcon TopSURV

To get the point file up onto the Topcon select the option Survey => Upload =>

Create Point upload file. Select the Topcon GTS-700 as the instrument choice.

Choose the Setout model for the data source. Give the file a name, but before writing the

file select the Get Point Range, this is a good way to check you are writing out the correct data

and not missing any points. Write the file.

The .gts7 and .dxf file must be copied from the job folder and placed into the IEFiles folder on

the instrument. On the instrument the points and dxf are imported into the job via

=> . Once the points and dxf are successfully loaded the map should look as

follows.



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8 Non-Projection to Projection Coordinates

Often we will perform a survey on a local grid system and before we send it onto a client or set the points out we need to convert them to correct projected

coordinates. We are going to take a really simple example. We are going to import a 12da. File I/O => 12da/4da data the file to read is Non Projection.12da The file contains two models, Non project and Surv Peg.

When converting coordinate systems its a good idea to create

two plan views, one containing the non-projected data and

the other view containing the projected points.

Under Survey => Geodetics => Non-Projection to

Projection.

Data to change, NON PROJECT, choose the projection off the list we going with

MGA94 Zone 56. The plane origin point can be entered manually or picked off the screen along with the corresponding

projected origin point. Target for projected data will be a new model, PROJECTED BDY. Process and add the

new model to the projected data view.

Once the new projected data has been added to the view zoom into the checkpoint to ensure the correct projection has been applied. So what has happen

here is a translation from one coordinate system to another and scale factor has been applied from the projection. Projected coordinates can be converted

to non-projected in the same manor.



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9 Symbols

9.1 Creating Symbols

In the 12d Model library there are loads of symbols that one can load onto your plan. It is also very easy to create your own symbols and store them in the library. Anything

can be saved as a symbol, but for now we are just going to draw a simple 1-by1 block

with a few lines in it.

You can either open a new project or use the

one you are busy with. It is also useful to place a 1 by 1 grid onto the plan

view, to use as guidelines. To generate a grid, select

the button at the top left of the screen, walk

right on Settings and select Grid. Tick the grid draw box change

the grid x and y to 1.

the new settings and finish. Now in a 1 by

1 grid box draw a symbol.



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Once you have completed drawing the symbol, you now need to save it as a

symbol, so it can be used more than once. Select Projects =>Tree => Project

symbols => Symbols then double click on Create symbol. The Symbol Create/Edit/Delete panel will appear. We are using the create option, give the symbol a name, under group one can either create a new group or save it in an existing one. The Symbol type refers to the size or the how many points the symbol will cover, for example a gate will cover two points. There are a number of ways to select the data to

input. We are going to use the

Lasso to capture the data.

Once you have selected the data you

want to use for the symbol, and if

you want the symbol to your user

library.



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9.2 Uploading Symbols

To use this Control Point symbol you have created, walk right on Cad symbols and select Create Symbol. When the Typed Input panel appears select the

icon, scroll down to the group where your symbol has been placed and

select the symbol. Test => Control Pnt.



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10 Creating Lots By Entering Bearings and Distances

There are often cases when we are given a Deposited Plan and required to create a cadastral boundary model. By entering the bearings and distances,

then using 12d Model lot creation and labelling it is a simple process. Well look

at DP 266151 lots 271 276.

Under Survey => Extras => Bearing/distance entry fill in

the top half of the panel in the usual manor then select a beginning point and move around

the parameter of the lots entering each bearing and distance. You many enter negative distance to reverse a direction. Once all the bearings and distances have been entered select the process button and add the model to the view. Once you have processed the data it is easy to edit any value and

reprocess.



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Now with a little cad editing one can add the lot dividing boundaries. There is often the

need to move and rotate the boundary model into the correct orientation and position.

These modifications can be found under Strings => Cad => Modify. Now to create the

lots and text select Design => Estate/Lots => Create Lots => Create by picking points

inside. Fill in the panel in the usual manor. Click and accept

in the centre of the lot.



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Add the LOTS model to your view. The next step is to assign

lot numbers to the lots. Lot numbers => Create lot numbers. Choose the LOTS

model, the number and a colour. Pick and accept each lot, ensuring you pick the lot

and not the Cadastral Bdy.

Creating labels for the bearings, distances and areas, select Label Lots=> Lot Labelling. In the library there is a default.laf, select this file and Read it in, you may want to edit these settings and then

save the new edited version. Select the LOTS model and process. Finally add the new

label models to your view.



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NOTES __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________



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11 Appendix B Boxing / Sub-grade Development 11.1 Boxing / Sub-grade Development Overview

Boxing is excavation of the subgrade required to allow a road pavement (concrete or gravel) to be built to

the finished design levels. 12d will allow users to apply boxing as part of a road template, and this refinement allows bulk earthworks quantities to be accurately calculated.

It can also allow the designer to provide the builder with level information for the subgrade construction.

Boxing should be thought of as a series of copied cross sections commands, beneath the road finished surface level and joined to produce a surface or surfaces.

11.2 Creating Boxing / Sub-grade Strings

Import a 12da file called road vol.12da using, File I/O => Data Input => 12da/4da Data

Turn off the Lot Bdys and tin Ex surf from the view as shown.

We need to create Cross Sections from these Road Design Strings.

Use: Design => X-Sections => X-sections from cuts through strings

Road Design Strings



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The data to cut the cross sections from are the Road and Kerb Return Strings along with the Alignments.

Open a New Section View, via

View => New => Section and profile one of the Road Section

strings as shown.

The Ex surf tin has also been

added to the view.

The Road Design now needs to have a

triangulation created to form a surface for the

Road Design.

Use: Tins => Create => Triangulate Data

Use the Road Design Data, strings and sections to create the triangulated surface.

Road Design Strings and created cross sections

Road Design created Cross Sections

Road Design triangulation



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Next a Stripped surface of 100mm Topsoil removal is required.

Use: Tins => Utilities => Translate/copy

This panel allows you to copy an existing triangulation and

translate it all within one panel.

The Sub-grade pavement design will be a thickness of 450mm.

To create the Sub-grade pavement strings we will use:

Utilities => H-Z => Translate

We will use the Filter Button to select the data.

Firstly translate the lok (lip of kerb strings), they are all orange in colour, and are super strings, so use the filter

button to select the 6 strings.

Then translate only the height:

Delta X = 0

Delta Y = 0

Delta Z = -0.45

Stripped 100mm surface tin

Translated Road Design strings



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Now to amend these strings to be 3 lip of kerb strings. The

strings need to be Split, and Joined to form the 3 strings.

NOTE: You can refer back to the exercises in Appendix A on

pages 35 to 38 to see examples of how to Split and Join Strings.

When you profile the Sections and turn on the Subgrade

Strings Model you can see the translated strings.

The 2 Road Alignment Strings can also be translated by

using the string pick in the Translate panel.

The Pavement Design will be comparable to the sketch below:

Adjusted subgrade strings

Adjusted subgrade strings



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Now the lip of kerb strings need to be paralleled 1 metre to represent the

base of the kerb.

Use the String Parallel from the Cad

String Toolbar.

Now to finalise the pavement strings we need to calculate

where the pavement will interface with the design road surface,

somewhere on the footpath above the paralleled strings.

We will use the Interface Function, so we will use:

Design => Apply => Interface

We will set up 3 Interface functions, 1 for each edge of the

subgrade pavement. These strings will be near vertical with a

slope of 1 to 0.001 and will interface to the Road Design tin.

Parallel subgrade strings

Interfaced subgrade strings



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We now have the required strings to calculate the subgrade volume calculations, so we can create a

triangulation of the subgrade surface. Use:

Tin => Create => Triangulate Data

The new Subgrade Tin can then be turned onto the Section View and see that it matches the Subgrade

strings we created.

With this new Subgrade surface we can then calculate the pavement volumes for the road design.

Use: Design => Volumes => Exact => Tin to Tin

The volumes can then be calculated between the:

Ex surf tin and Ex surf Stripped 100mm tin for the topsoil stripping volume

Ex surf Stripped 100mm tin and Subgrade tin for

the excavation quantities to get the site ready for the

pavement to be constructed.

Subgrade tin

and Road

Design tin to

calculate the amount of

pavement material required

for the Road

Design.

Subgrade strings triangulation

Subgrade strings triangulation

Documents

12d-2S1 Survey Procedures Part 2