04/21/23 14:40

Fats

Getting from

to

04/21/23 14:40

Fats

What are they?

Sterols

Lipids

Fatty Acids

Oils

LDL

Cholesterol Trans Fats

Omega-3

HDL

Triglycerides

04/21/23 14:40

Fats

Where do they come from?

04/21/23 14:40

Fats

Where are Carbohydrates found on the Food Pyramid?

GRAINSVEGETABLE

SFRUITS OILS MILK

MEAT & BEANS

04/21/23 14:40

Functions of Fatsin the Diet

• Provide Energy

• Provide Essential Fatty Acids

• Provide Fat Soluble Vitamins

• Provide Flavor and Satisfaction (satiety)

Why do we need them?

04/21/23 14:40

Functions of Fatsin the Diet

• Provide Energy

• Provide Essential Fatty Acids

• Provide Fat Soluble Vitamins

• Provide Flavor and Satisfaction (satiety)

Why do we need them?

04/21/23 14:40

Functions of Fatsin the Diet

• Provide Energy

• Provide Essential Fatty Acids

• Provide Fat Soluble Vitamins

• Provide Flavor and Satisfaction (satiety)

Why do we need them?

04/21/23 14:40

Functions of Fatsin the Diet

• Provide Energy

• Provide Essential Fatty Acids

• Provide Fat Soluble Vitamins

• Provide Flavor and Satisfaction (satiety)

Why do we need them?

04/21/23 14:40

Functions of Fatsin the Diet

• Provide Energy

• Provide Essential Fatty Acids

• Provide Fat Soluble Vitamins

• Provide Flavor and Satisfaction (satiety)

Why do we need them?

04/21/23 14:40

Functions of Fatsin the Body

Why do we need them?

• Adipose Tissue- Protects Organs- Regulates Temperature

• Cell Membrane Structure- Forms part of cell membrane- Helps transport nutrients across cell membranes

04/21/23 14:40

Fats

What are the Building Blocks?

Glycerol and Fatty Acids

04/21/23 14:40

Fats

What are the Building Blocks?

Monoglyceride

1 Fatty AcidGlycerol

04/21/23 14:40

Fats

What are the Building Blocks?

Diglyceride

2 Fatty AcidsGlycerol

04/21/23 14:40

Fats

What are the Building Blocks?

Triglyceride

3 Fatty AcidsGlycerol

04/21/23 14:40

Fats

Saturated – MUFA – PUFA - Trans

Glyceride Structure Determines Type

04/21/23 14:40

Fats

How many bonds?

Atoms and Covalency

4 1 2

04/21/23 14:40

Fats

How many hydrogens are attached to each carbon link?

The Glyceride Chain

04/21/23 14:40

Fats

Saturated Fat

How many hydrogens are attached to each carbon link?

04/21/23 14:40

Fats

Monounsaturated Fat – MUFA

How many hydrogens are attached to each carbon link?

04/21/23 14:40

Fats

Hydrogenation – Adding Hydrogens

Why would anyone turn a healthy unsaturated fat to an unhealthy saturated fat?

04/21/23 14:40

Fats

Hydrogenation – Adding Hydrogens

Why would anyone turn a healthy unsaturated fat to an unhealthy saturated fat?

04/21/23 14:40

Fats

Hydrogenation – Adding Hydrogens

Why would anyone turn a healthy unsaturated fat to an unhealthy saturated fat?

04/21/23 14:40

Fats

Actual peanut butter container circa 1930

04/21/23 14:40

Fats

Trans Fats

Why are they called ‘Trans Fats’?

04/21/23 14:40

Fats

Trans Fats

Why are they called ‘Trans Fats’?

04/21/23 14:40

Fats

Trans Fats

Why are they called ‘Trans Fats’?

04/21/23 14:40

Fats

Trans Fats

Why are they called ‘Trans Fats’?

04/21/23 14:40

Fats

Listing Trans Fats on the Food Label

04/21/23 14:40

Fats (Lipids)

Mechanical – Mastication

The Mouth

04/21/23 14:40

Fats (Lipids)

Chemical– Hydrochloric Acid

Mechanical – Churning

The Stomach

04/21/23 14:40

Fats (Lipids)

The Small Intestine

Lipogenesis – Rebuilding the TriglyceridesEnzyme – Intestinal LipaseEnzyme – Pancreatic LipaseEmulsifier – Bile

Absorption – via the villi into the blood stream

04/21/23 14:40

Fats (Lipids)

Enzyme – Intestinal Lipase

The Small Intestine

Enzyme – Pancreatic LipaseEmulsifier – Bile

Lipogenesis – Rebuilding the TriglyceridesAbsorption – via the villi into the blood stream

04/21/23 14:40

Fat Storage

as adipose tissue

Triglycerides are then stored

Adipose Tissue

Adipose Tissue – Long Term Storage

04/21/23 14:40

Burning Fats for Energy

04/21/23 14:40

Burning Fats for Energy

04/21/23 14:40

Functions of Fatsin the Diet

• Provide Energy

• Provide Essential Fatty Acids

• Provide Fat Soluble Vitamins

• Provide Flavor and Satisfaction (satiety)

Why do we need them?

04/21/23 14:40

Essential Fatty Acids

• Linoleic Acid (Omega-6)

• Linolenic Acid (Omega-3)

Must be obtained in the diet.

04/21/23 14:40

Essential Fatty Acids

Food Sources of Omega-3 and Omega-6

04/21/23 14:40

Health Benefits ofOmega-3 and Omega-6

• Tissue strength• Cholesterol metabolism• Muscle tone• Blood clotting• Heart action

04/21/23 14:40

Lipoproteins

04/21/23 14:40

Lipoproteins and Density

• High Density [High Protein Load]

• Low Density [Low Protein Load]

04/21/23 14:40

HDL’s and LDL’s

• HDL [Hint: H = Healthy]

• LDL [Hint: L = Lethal]

04/21/23 14:40

What aboutCholesterol?

• Sterol – a subgroup of steroids

• Occurs naturally in animal foods

• Not present in plant foods

04/21/23 14:40

Cholesterol and Atherosclerosis

04/21/23 14:40

What “Good” is Cholesterol?

• Form Cell structure• Form Vitamin D• Form Estrogen• Form Testosterone

04/21/23 14:40

Types of Fat

Olives, Olive OilCanola OilPeanut OilCashews, Almonds, NutsAvocados

CornSoybeanSafflowerCottonseed OilsFish

Whole Milk, Ice CreamButter, CheeseRed MeatChocolate, Coconuts

Margarine‘Partially hydrogenated’ products and oilsDeep fried foods‘Fast Foods’

Monounsaturated Polyunsaturated

Saturated Trans Fats

04/21/23 14:40

Phospholipids

04/21/23 14:40

Fats / Lipds – Wrapping It Up

• Triglycerides (Fatty Acids)

• Unsaturated / Saturated / Trans fats

• Lipoproteins (HDL’s and LDL’s)

• Cholesterol (not truly a lipid)

04/21/23 14:40

FatsDietary Requirements

Carbohydrates 50%

Fats 10%Proteins 40%

04/21/23 14:40

Fats

Getting from

to

04/21/23 14:40

Fats